Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| epidemiological and clinico-mycological profile of fungal wound infection from largest burn centre in asia. | the current study was conducted to know the incidence, predisposing factors, spectrum, clinical profile and antifungal susceptibility (afs) of fungal wound infection (fwi) in burn patients. of a total of 71 patients, 20 (28.2%) emerged with the diagnosis of fwi. fungal pathogens in this study were candida tropicalis (14%), candida parapsilosis (5.6%), aspergillus niger (2.8%) and one each of candida albicans (1.4%), candida glabrata (1.4%), syncephalestrum (1.4%) and fusarium solani (1.4%). all ... | 2011 | 21740469 |
| the reconstruction of condition-specific transcriptional modules provides new insights in the evolution of yeast ap-1 proteins. | ap-1 proteins are transcription factors (tfs) that belong to the basic leucine zipper family, one of the largest families of tfs in eukaryotic cells. despite high homology between their dna binding domains, these proteins are able to recognize diverse dna motifs. in yeasts, these motifs are referred as yre (yap response element) and are either seven (yre-overlap) or eight (yre-adjacent) base pair long. it has been proposed that the ap-1 dna binding motif preference relies on a single change in t ... | 2011 | 21695268 |
| candida glabrata pwp7p and aed1p are required for adherence to human endothelial cells. | candida glabrata owes its success as a pathogen, in part, to a large repertoire of adhesins present on the cell surface. our current knowledge of c. glabrata adhesins and their role in the interaction between host and pathogen is limited to work with only a single family of epithelial adhesins (epa proteins). here, we report on the identification and characterization of a family of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell wall proteins in c. glabrata. these proteins are absent in both saccharo ... | 2011 | 21726406 |
| differential oxidant tolerance determined by the key transcription factor yap1 is controlled by levels of the yap1-binding protein, ybp1. | the saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor yap1 is a central determinant of oxidative stress tolerance. this protein is found primarily in the cytoplasm in the absence of oxidative stress but, upon exposure to oxidants, rapidly translocates to the nucleus and activates expression of target genes. while both diamide and h2o2 have been used to impose oxidative stress on cells, these different oxidants trigger yap1 nuclear localization in distinctly different ways. diamide appears to oxidize ... | 2011 | 21844193 |
| bloodstream and non-invasive isolates of candida glabrata have similar population structures and fluconazole susceptibilities. | we have compared multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and fluconazole susceptibility profiles of candida glabrata bloodstream isolates obtained during active, population-based surveillance to those obtained from non-sterile sites of individuals with no evidence of fungal disease (i.e., non-invasive isolates) in the same us city during an overlapping time period. in each of the two populations, different proportions of the same six major sequence types (sts) encompassed 82% of the isolates. one st w ... | 2011 | 21838617 |
| the rhogap cgbem2 is required for survival of azole stress in candida glabrata. | invasive fungal infections are common clinical complications of neonates, critically ill and immunocompromised patients world-wide. candida species are the leading cause of disseminated fungal infections with candida albicans being the most prevalent species. c. glabrata, the second/third most common cause of candidemia, shows reduced susceptibility to a widely used antifungal drug fluconazole. here, we present findings from a screen of 9,134 c. glabrata tn7 insertion mutants for altered surviva ... | 2011 | 21832071 |
| crystal structures of candida albicans dihydrofolate reductase bound to propargyl-linked antifolates reveal the flexibility of active site loop residues critical for ligand potency and selectivity. | candida albicans and candida glabrata cause fungal bloodstream infections that are associated with significant mortality. as part of an effort to develop potent and selective antifolates that target dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from candida species, we report three ternary crystal structures of c.-áalbicans dhfr (cadhfr) bound to novel propargyl-linked analogs. consistent with earlier modeling results, these structures show that hydrophobic pockets in the binding site may be exploited to incre ... | 2011 | 21726415 |
| discovery of a novel class of orally active antifungal {beta}-1,3-d-glucan synthase inhibitors. | the echinocandins are a class of semisynthetic natural products that target +¦-1,3-glucan synthase (gs). their proven clinical efficacy combined with minimal safety issues has made the echinocandins an important asset in the management of fungal infection in a variety of patient populations. however, the echinocandins are only delivered parenterally. a screen for antifungal bioactives combined with mechanism of action studies identified a class of piperazinyl-pyridazinones that target gs. the co ... | 2011 | 21844320 |
| pyrosequencing of a hypervariable region in the internal transcribed spacer 2 to identify clinical yeast isolates. | the incidence of invasive fungal infection has increased significantly. a majority of the infections is caused by yeast. clinically important yeast show species-specific differences in susceptibility to antifungal agents therefore rapid and accurate identification of the pathogen is essential. we aimed to validate pyrosequencing of 40 nucleotides in the internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) for species identification of yeast. amplification of its2 and pyrosequencing of targeted region were perfo ... | 2011 | 21736632 |
| Slow protein evolutionary rates are dictated by surface-core association. | Why do certain proteins evolve much slower than others? We compared not only rates per protein, but also rates per position within individual proteins. For Ôê+90% of proteins, the distribution of positional rates exhibits three peaks: a peak of slow evolving residues, with average log(2)[normalized rate], log(2)++, of ca. -2, corresponding primarily to core residues; a peak of fast evolving residues (log(2)++ Ôê+ 0.5) largely corresponding to surface residues; and a very fast peak (log(2)++ Ôê+ ... | 2011 | 21690394 |
| species of candida isolated from anatomically distinct sites in military personnel in cuiabá, mato grosso, brazil. | some fungi are natural inhabitants of the human body but may result in disease when conditions are conducive to their development. yeast infections are common and often occur in the skin and mucous membranes; however emerging species have changed this epidemiological profile. the ability to colonize different anatomical sites has been associated with the pathogenicity of candida when environmental conditions are particularly favorable. in the case of hot, humid climates, the attrition suffered b ... | 2011 | 21987132 |
| seeking clarity within cloudy effluents: differentiating fungal from bacterial peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients. | fungal peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (pd) therapy with the majority of patients ceasing pd permanently. the aims of this study were to identify risk factors and clinical associations that may discriminate between fungal from bacterial peritonitis. | 2011 | 22145033 |
| Timing of susceptibility-based antifungal drug administration in patients with Candida bloodstream infection: correlation with outcomes. | OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the impact of timing of appropriate antifungal therapy, as assessed by susceptibility results, on patient survival. METHODS: Patients =16 years of age with first episodes of candidaemia during 2001-09 were included. Clinical data were collected retrospectively, including time to appropriate antifungal therapy and patient survival. RESULTS: The study population included 446 patients [243 (54%) female, mean age 53 years] with candidaemia, 380 (85%) of whom had an ... | 2011 | 22184469 |
| Evolution of nucleosome occupancy: conservation of global properties and divergence of gene-specific patterns. | To examine the role of nucleosome occupancy in the evolution of gene expression, we measured the genome-wide nucleosome profiles of four yeast species, three belonging to the Saccharomyces sensu stricto lineage and the more distantly related Candida glabrata. Nucleosomes and associated promoter elements at C. glabrata genes are typically shifted upstream by ~20 bp, compared to their orthologs from sensu stricto species. Nonetheless, all species display the same global organization features first ... | 2011 | 21896781 |
| torulopsis glabrata endocarditis in a retro-positive individual. | 2011 | 21881699 | |
| saliva promotes survival and even proliferation of candida species in tap water. | candida yeasts colonize the human oral cavity as commensals or opportunistic pathogens. they may be isolated from water circulating in dental unit waterlines mixed with traces of saliva mainly because of the dysfunction of antiretraction valves. this study deals with the growth ability of candida albicans, candida glabrata and candida parapsilosis in tap water with saliva (0-20% v/v). results show that c. glabrata is the most susceptible species in tap water. furthermore, saliva promotes both su ... | 2011 | 22092759 |
| comparison of the etest and a rapid flow cytometry-based method with the reference clsi broth microdilution protocol m27-a3 for the echinocandin susceptibility testing of candida spp. | reference broth microdilution protocols for the antifungal susceptibility testing (ast) of yeasts are available, but routine ast relies more on simpler alternatives. in this work, the etest and a novel flow cytometry (fc) method were compared to the clinical laboratory standards institute (clsi) protocol m27-a3. caspofungin and anidulafungin were tested against 60 clinical isolates of candida glabrata, c. krusei, and c. parapsilosis. there were two intermediate susceptibility results and 19 out ... | 2011 | 21909651 |
| heterogeneous expression of the virulence-related adhesin epa1 between individual cells and strains of the pathogen candida glabrata. | we investigated the relevance of gene expression heterogeneity to virulence properties of a major fungal pathogen, candida glabrata. the organism's key virulence-associated factors include gpi-anchored adhesins, encoded subtelomerically by the epa gene family. individual-cell analyses of expression revealed very striking heterogeneity for epa1, the adhesin mediating ∼95% of adherence to epithelial cells in vitro. the heterogeneity in epa1 was markedly greater than known for other yeast genes. so ... | 2011 | 22140233 |
| effects of echinocandins on cytokine/chemokine production by human monocytes activated by infection with candida glabrata or by lipopolysaccharide. | serious candida glabrata infections, which can be difficult to treat, are often treated with echinocandins. we compared in vitro the effects of high and low concentrations of 3 echinocandins (micafungin [mcf], caspofungin [cas], and anidulafungin [anf]), voriconazole (vrc), and amphotericin b (amb), singly and vrc in combination with mcf, cas, and anf, on the production of cytokines/chemokines by human monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm). mdm were activated by infection with c. glabrata or lipopo ... | 2011 | 22209510 |
| Stress response in Candida glabrata: pieces of a fragmented picture. | Candida glabrata is closely related to yeast but obviously adapted to human commensalism. Communication with the environment is important to adjust allocation of resources between protection and proliferation in order to adapt to different situations in and outside of the host. Gene transcription regulated by environmental conditions is a major response strategy of simple fungal organisms. Differences to yeast include an extended repertoire of adhesive genes, and high drug, starvation and stress ... | 2011 | 22122443 |
| evaluation of clsi m44-a2 disk diffusion and associated breakpoint testing of caspofungin and micafungin using a well-characterized panel of wild-type and fks hot spot mutant candida isolates. | disk diffusion testing has recently been standardized by the clsi, and susceptibility breakpoints have been established for several antifungal compounds. for caspofungin, 5-µg disks are approved, and for micafungin, 10-µg disks are under evaluation. we evaluated the performances of caspofungin and micafungin disk testing using a panel of candida isolates with and without known fks echinocandin resistance mechanisms. disk diffusion and microdilution assays were performed strictly according to cls ... | 2011 | 21357293 |
| curcumin as a promising anticandidal of clinical interest. | curcumin, an important asian spice, is part of many indian food preparations. this work evaluates the antifungal activity of curcumin against 14 strains of candida (10 clinical and 4 standard). curcumin displayed antifungal properties against all tested candida strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) varying from 250 to 2000 µg·ml?¹. the in vitro effect of curcumin on growth, sterol content, proteinase secretion, and h+ extrusion by plasma membrane atpase was investigated for 2 st ... | 2011 | 21358761 |
| c- and n-catabolic utilization of tricarboxylic acid cycle-related amino acids by scheffersomyces stipitis and other yeasts. | scheffersomyces stipitis and the closely related yeast candida shehatae assimilated the l-amino acids glutamate, aspartate and proline as both carbon and nitrogen sole sources. we also found this rarely investigated ability in ascomycetous species such as candida glabrata, c. reukaufii, c. utilis, debaryomyces hansenii, kluyveromyces lactis, k. marxianus, candida albicans, l. elongisporus, meyerozyma guilliermondii, c. maltosa, pichia capsulata and yarrowia lipolytica and in basidiomycetous spec ... | 2011 | 21360752 |
| efficacy of denture cleansers on candida spp. biofilm formed on polyamide and polymethyl methacrylate resins. | although new materials have emerged as options to fabricate removable dental prostheses, the development of candida biofilms on these materials and the effectiveness of methods to control these pathogenic biofilms are poorly understood. | 2011 | 21194588 |
| from saccharomyces cerevisiae to candida glabratain a few easy steps: important adaptations for an opportunistic pathogen. | the opportunistic human fungal pathogen candida glabrata is closely related to saccharomyces cerevisiae, yet it has evolved to survive within mammalian hosts. which traits help c. glabrata to adapt to this different environment? which specific responses are crucial for its survival in the host? the main differences seem to include an extended repertoire of adhesin genes, high drug resistance, an enhanced ability to sustain prolonged starvation and adaptations of the transcriptional wiring of key ... | 2011 | 20846362 |
| echinocandin antifungal drugs in fungal infections: a comparison. | this review compares the pharmacology, spectrum of antifungal activity, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, safety and clinical efficacy of the three licensed echinocandins: caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin. echinocandins inhibit the synthesis of 1,3-β-d-glucan, an essential component of the fungal cell wall, and represent a valuable treatment option for fungal infections. the echinocandins exhibit potent in vitro and in vivo fungicidal activity against candida species, incl ... | 2011 | 21175238 |
| prevalence of candida bracarensis and candida nivariensis in a spanish collection of yeasts: comparison of results from a reference centre and from a population-based surveillance study of candidemia. | two new species related to candida glabrata, i.e., candida nivariensis and candida bracarensis, have been proposed. the occurrence of these species among isolates collected in a spanish mycology reference laboratory in 2008-2009 was reviewed. in addition, strains recovered as part of an active population-based surveillance of candidemia conducted in barcelona between 2002 and 2003 were also analyzed. among 143 clinical isolates received in 2008-2009, three (2%) were identified as c. bracarensis ... | 2011 | 21198347 |
| transcription factors cgupc2a and cgupc2b regulate ergosterol biosynthetic genes in candida glabrata. | zn[2]-cys[6] binuclear transcription factors upc2p and ecm22p regulate the expression of genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis and exogenous sterol uptake in saccharomyces cerevisiae. we identified two upc2/ecm22 homologues in the pathogenic fungus candida glabrata which we designated cgupc2a and cgupc2b. the contribution of these two genes to sterol homeostasis was investigated. cells that lack cgupc2a (upc2aδ) exhibited enhanced susceptibility to the sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, flucona ... | 2011 | 21199190 |
| growth defects resulting from inhibiting erg20 and ram2 in candida glabrata. | farnesyl pyrophosphate (fpp) is utilized for many cellular processes, including the production of dolichols, ubiquinone (coq), sterols, farnesylated heme a and prenylated proteins. this lipid synthesized by fpp synthetase (erg20) becomes attached to target proteins by the prenyltransferases, cdc43/ram2 and ram1/ram2 complexes after the formation of the c15 and c20 units, respectively. defects in protein prenylation as a result of inhibiting these enzyme complexes lead to pleiotropic effects in a ... | 2011 | 21204938 |
| scanning and negative-staining electron microscopy of protoplast regeneration of a wild-type and two chitin synthase mutants in the pathogenic yeast candida glabrata. | protoplast regeneration of a wild-type and two mutant strains of candida glabrata defective in chs3 homologues encoding class iv chitin synthase in saccharomyces cerevisiae was examined by scanning and negative-staining electron microscopy. in the wild-type strain, small particles and short filaments appeared on the protoplast surface at 10 min, filamentous materials covered the entire surface of the protoplast at 1 h, granular materials started filling interspaces of filamentous materials at 2 ... | 2011 | 21216729 |
| importance of pharmacokinetic considerations for selecting therapy in the treatment of invasive fungal infections. | invasive fungal infections continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among at-risk patients. over the last decade, the epidemiology of invasive mycoses has been defined by increasing rates of infection caused by azole-resistant yeast (candida glabrata, candida krusei), aspergillus, and in some centers, non-aspergillus moulds, such as fusarium species, scedosporium species, and mucorales. early and appropriate antifungal therapy is crucial for a favorable clinical outcome. whe ... | 2011 | 21248618 |
| prevalence of yeast-like fungi and evaluation of several virulence factors from feral pigeons in seoul, korea. | studies of pigeon-borne yeasts have tended to focus on species, such as cryptococcus neoformans and candida albicans, with scant attention to feral pigeons in korea. we studied the prevalence of yeasts from faecal samples of feral pigeons obtained in various public places in seoul, korea, and assessed their potential capacity as human pathogens. | 2011 | 21251028 |
| anidulafungin for the treatment of invasive candidiasis. | candidaemia/invasive candidiasis (c/ic) is the most frequently occurring invasive fungal infection worldwide, with a particularly strong impact and high incidence in the intensive-care unit, where there is a need for new treatment options and strategies. the echinocandin anidulafungin has broad in vitro activity against a wide range of candida species, along with favourable pharmacokinetics that allow administration in hepatic and renal impairment and with any comedication without the need for d ... | 2011 | 21251147 |
| in vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern and ergosterol content in clinical yeast strains. | absence or severe reduction in the amount of ergosterol in the fungal membrane and its replacement with other sterols have been described as potential antifungal resistance mechanisms in fungi. | 2011 | 21251996 |
| new regulators of a high affinity ca2+ influx system revealed through a genome-wide screen in yeast. | the bakers' yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae utilizes a high affinity ca(2+) influx system (hacs) to survive assaults by mating pheromones, tunicamycin, and azole-class antifungal agents. hacs consists of two known subunits, cch1 and mid1, that are homologous and analogous to the catalytic α-subunits and regulatory α2δ-subunits of mammalian voltage-gated calcium channels, respectively. to search for additional subunits and regulators of hacs, a collection of gene knock-out mutants was screened for ... | 2011 | 21252230 |
| emerging opportunistic yeast infections. | a growing population of immunosuppressed patients has resulted in increasingly frequent diagnoses of invasive fungal infections, including those caused by unusual yeasts. the incidence of non-albicans species of candida is increasing compared with that of candida albicans, and several species, such as candida glabrata and candida krusei, may be resistant to azole antifungal therapy. trichosporon species are the second most common cause of fungaemia in patients with haematological malignant disea ... | 2011 | 21272794 |
| in vitro synergism between berberine and miconazole against planktonic and biofilm candida cultures. | to investigate the antimycotic activity of the plant alkaloid berberine (bbr), alone and in combination with antifungal azoles, against planktonic and biofilm candida cultures. | 2011 | 21272859 |
| cell surface hydrophobicity: a predictor of biofilm production in candida isolates? | 2011 | 21273372 | |
| frequency of voriconazole resistance in vitro among spanish clinical isolates of candida spp. according to breakpoints established by the antifungal subcommittee of the european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing. | a total of 4,226 spanish clinical isolates of candida spp. were analyzed to assess resistance to voriconazole according to breakpoints established by the european committee for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (where susceptibility [s] to voriconazole corresponds to a mic of = 0.12 mg/liter). resistance was uncommon among candida albicans (5%), c. parapsilosis (1.2%), and c. tropicalis (11%) isolates. voriconazole mics of >0.12 mg/liter were more frequent among candida glabrata and c. krusei ... | 2011 | 21282420 |
| voriconazole-induced inhibition of the fungicidal activity of amphotericin b in candida strains with reduced susceptibility to voriconazole: an effect not predicted by the mic value alone. | an antagonistic effect of voriconazole on the fungicidal activity of sequential doses of amphotericin b has previously been demonstrated in candida albicans strains susceptible to voriconazole. because treatment failure and the need to switch to other antifungals are expected to occur more often in infections that are caused by resistant strains, it was of interest to study whether the antagonistic effect was still seen in candida strains with reduced susceptibility to voriconazole. with the hyp ... | 2011 | 21282443 |
| multilaboratory testing of two-drug combinations of antifungals against candida albicans, candida glabrata, and candida parapsilosis. | there are few multilaboratory studies of antifungal combination testing to suggest a format for use in clinical laboratories. in the present study, eight laboratories tested quality control (qc) strain candida parapsilosis atcc 22019 and clinical isolates candida albicans 20533.043, c. albicans 20464.007, candida glabrata 20205.075, and c. parapsilosis 20580.070. the clinical isolates had relatively high azole and echinocandin mics. a modified clsi m27-a3 protocol was used, with 96-well custom-m ... | 2011 | 21282457 |
| conventional dendritic cells mount a type i ifn response against candida spp. requiring novel phagosomal tlr7-mediated ifn-ß signaling. | human fungal pathogens such as the dimorphic candida albicans or the yeast-like candida glabrata can cause systemic candidiasis of high mortality in immunocompromised individuals. innate immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages establish the first line of defense against microbial pathogens and largely determine the outcome of infections. among other cytokines, they produce type i ifns (ifns-i), which are important modulators of the host immune response. whereas an ifn-i response is ... | 2011 | 21282509 |
| an evaluation of risk factors in pregnant women with candida vaginitis and the diagnostic value of simultaneous vaginal and rectal sampling. | in this study, we investigated the epidemiological characteristics of vvc among pregnant women. we conducted a prospective survey among 372 pregnant women to investigate the prevalence, clinical forms, etiological agents, and predisposing factors of vvc. in addition, we determined the relationship between vaginal and rectal flora by simultaneously obtaining one high vaginal swab and one rectal swab from each patient using sterile cotton-tipped swabs. furthermore, we compared the recovery and ide ... | 2011 | 21293929 |
| a novel role for a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored aspartyl protease, cgyps1, in the regulation of ph homeostasis in candida glabrata. | proteases, key virulence factors of many bacterial and fungal pathogens, are pivotally important for nutrient acquisition, invasion and adherence to host cells and evasion/escape from host immune cells. in this study, we report a novel role for cgyps1, member of a family of 11 gpi-linked aspartyl proteases, in a human opportunistic fungal pathogen, candida glabrata, in the regulation of ph homeostasis under acidic environmental conditions. we show that cgyps1 is required to survive low-external- ... | 2011 | 21299646 |
| candida uthaithanina sp. nov., an anamorphic yeast species in nakaseomyces clade isolated in thailand. | three yeast stains were isolated from two unknown fruits (strains dd2-22-1(t) and sk44) and moss (strain st-449) in thailand. analysis of the d1/d2 domain of the large subunit (lsu) rrna gene sequences of the three strains revealed that they belonged to the same species. in terms of pairwise sequence similarity, candida cf. glabrata uwo(ps) 98-110.4 and candida nivariensis were the closest undescribed and recognized taxa, but the levels of nucleotide substitutions were 1.7-1.9% and 2.0-2.2%, res ... | 2011 | 21311971 |
| the synthesis and structure-activity relationship of pyridazinones as glucan synthase inhibitors. | a structure-activity relationship study of the lead 5-[4-(benzylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]-4-morpholino-2-phenyl-pyridazin-3(2h)-one 1 has resulted in the identification of 2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-4-(3-fluorocyclopentyloxy)-5-[4-(isopropylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]-pyridazin-3(2h)-one 11c as a ß-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor. compound 11c exhibited significant efficacy in an in vivo mouse model of candida glabrata infection. | 2011 | 21316223 |
| a novel membrane-integrated fermentation reactor system: application to pyruvic acid production in continuous culture by torulopsis glabrata. | this paper describes the performance of a novel bio-reactor system, the membrane-integrated fermentation reactor (mfr), for efficient continuous fermentation. the mfr, equipped with an autoclavable polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, has normally been used for biological wastewater treatment. the productivity of the mfr system, applied to the continuous production of pyruvic acid by the yeast torulopsis glabrata, was remarkably high. the volumetric productivity of pyruvic acid increased up to 4. ... | 2011 | 21318623 |
| loss of mitochondrial functions associated with azole resistance in candida glabrata results in enhanced virulence in mice. | mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the possible mechanisms by which azole resistance can occur in candida glabrata. cells with mitochondrial dna deficiency (so-called "petite mutants") upregulate atp binding cassette (abc) transporter genes and thus display increased resistance to azoles. isolation of such c. glabrata mutants from patients receiving antifungal therapy or prophylaxis has been rarely reported. in this study, we characterized two sequential and related c. glabrata isolates recover ... | 2011 | 21321146 |
| antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic and ca++ antagonist effects of caesalpinia bonducella. | caesalpinia bonducella f. (leguminosae) has been used as a folk medicine for a variety of ailments. the crude extract of c. bonducella and its fractions were studied for antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic and ca++ antagonistic properties. the strongest antibacterial effect was displayed by the n-butanol (72%) and ethyl acetate (80%) fractions, followed by the crude extract (46% and 42%), against escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis, respectively. the plant extract and its fractions showe ... | 2011 | 21328138 |
| [molecular epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of candida species isolated from urine samples of patients in intensive care unit]. | the aims of this study were to analyse the amphotericin b and fluconazole susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of candida strains (candida albicans, candida tropicalis and candida glabrata) isolated from the urine samples of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit. identification of the isolates was done according to microscopic morphology (chlamydospor, blastospor, pseudohyphae and true hyphae) on cornmeal agar, germ tube formation and carbohydrate assimilation patterns (api id 32 ... | 2011 | 21341168 |
| biodiversity in sulfur metabolism in hemiascomycetous yeasts. | the evolution of the metabolism of sulfur compounds among yeast species was investigated. differences between species were observed in the cysteine biosynthesis pathway. most yeast species possess two pathways leading to cysteine production, the transsulfuration pathway and the o-acetyl-serine (oas) pathway, with the exception of saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida glabrata, which only display the transsulfuration pathway, and schizosaccharomyces pombe, which only have the oas pathway. an exami ... | 2011 | 21348937 |
| yeasts isolation from bovine mammary glands under different mastitis status in the mexican high plateu. | the mastitis subclinical and clinical in cows caused by fungi has been increased specially by yeast of the genus candida. | 2011 | 21349344 |
| pyridine-derived thiosemicarbazones and their tin(iv) complexes with antifungal activity against candida spp. | [(n-bu)sn(2ac4oclph)cl2] (1), [(n-bu)sn(2ac4ofph)cl2] (2), [(n-bu)sn(2ac4ono2ph)cl2] (3), [(n-bu)sn(2bz4oclph)cl2] (4), [(n-bu)sn(2bz4ofph)cl2] (5) and [(n-bu)sn(2bz4ono2ph)cl2] (6) were obtained by reacting [(n-bu)sncl3] with 2-acetylpyridine-n4-orthochlorophenyl thiosemicarbazone (h2ac4oclph), 2-acetylpyridine-n4-orthofluorphenyl thiosemicarbazone (h2ac4ofph), 2-acetylpyridine-n4-orthonitrophenyl thiosemicarbazone (h2ac4ono2ph), and with the corresponding 2-benzoylpyridine-derived thiosemicarb ... | 2011 | 21353348 |
| possible role of azole and echinocandin lock solutions in the control of candida biofilms associated with silicone. | until now, management of candidiasis related to implanted devices has remained problematic. the aim of this study was to investigate antifungal lock strategies against candida albicans and candida glabrata biofilms in vitro. three antifungal agents were used against eight c. albicans and six c. glabrata clinical strains isolated from infected catheters. caspofungin and micafungin, both echinocandins, as well as the azole posaconazole were tested. an in vitro model of candida biofilm on 100% sili ... | 2011 | 21353488 |
| anti-candida activity of mentha arvensis and turnera ulmifolia. | abstract candidiasis is the most frequent infection by opportunistic fungi, frequently caused by candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida parapsilosis, candida glabrata, and candida krusei. mentha arvensis l. is a herbaceous plant that occurs throughout south america and is used as a tea and in the folk medicine. turnera ulmifolia l. is already known to be of medicinal value. ethanol extracts from m. arvensis and t. ulmifolia were assayed for antifungal activity against strains of c. albi ... | 2011 | 22082100 |
| epidemiology, species distribution, antifungal susceptibility and outcome of nosocomial candidemia in a tertiary care hospital in italy. | candida is an important cause of bloodstream infections (bsi), causing significant mortality and morbidity in health care settings. from january 2008 to december 2010 all consecutive patients who developed candidemia at san martino university hospital, italy were enrolled in the study. a total of 348 episodes of candidaemia were identified during the study period (january 2008-december 2010), with an incidence of 1,73 episodes/1000 admissions. globally, albicans and non-albicans species caused a ... | 2011 | 21935385 |
| vulvovaginal candidiasis in postmenopausal women: the role of hormone replacement therapy. | : this study aimed to explore the role of hormone replacement therapy (hrt) in susceptibility to vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) in a private vulval disease referral practice. | 2011 | 21959570 |
| the relationship between candida species charge density and chitosan activity evaluated by ion-exchange chromatography. | chitosan, a natural biopolymer presents antifungal activity that seems to be dependent on the interaction of its cationic amino groups and yeast cell surface. in this work we used ion-exchange chromatography to assess the surface charge density of candida species and subsequently to relate this with their sensitivity profile to chitosan. the ability of several strains from distinct candida species to interact with strong anionic and cationic exchangers was tested and the yeasts charge surface wa ... | 2011 | 22080045 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of dna topoisomerase inhibitors. | in this paper we report the results of the study of the in vitro effect of eight anticancer dna topoisomerase inhibitors on the growth of aspergillus fumigatus, a. niger, candida glabrata and cryptococcus neoformans. only one compound, idarubicin, displayed promising antifungal activity against a. niger, c. glabrata and c. neoformans with mic(50) values varying between 3.6 and 14.2 μm (1.8-7.1 μg/ml). three other compounds, aclarubicin, doxorubicin and mitoxantrone, showed some antifungal activi ... | 2011 | 21939347 |
| improved antibiotic impregnated catheters with extended spectrum activity against resistant bacteria and fungi. | minocycline/rifampin (m/r) central venous catheters (m/r cvc) have been shown to be efficacious in reducing catheter-related bloodstream infections (crbsi) and inhibiting the biofilm adherence of resistant gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens with the exception of pseudomonas aeruginosa and candida. to expand the spectrum of antimicrobial activity, a novel second generation m/r-catheter was developed by adding chlorhexidine (chx-m/r). cvc and peripherally inserted central catheters (picc) w ... | 2011 | 22123686 |
| effect of denture adhesive on the micro-organisms in vivo. | gerodontology 2011; doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2010.00381.x effect of denture adhesive on the micro-organisms in vivo background: denture adhesives increase the retention and stability of dentures in edentulous patients, especially in cases where salivary flow is impaired or in the management of traumatised oral mucosa. objectives: the effect of a denture adhesive on the oral flora at different time intervals. method: thirty denture-wearing patients were involved in this study. while half of th ... | 2011 | 22098056 |
| effect of amphotericin b alone or in combination with rifampicin or clarithromycin against candida species biofilms. | effectiveness of amphotericin b alone or in combination with rifampicin or clarithromycin on the killing of candida species biofilms was investigated in vitro. amphotericin b was assayed at 0.005 to 10 mg/ml. rifampin and clarithromycin were assayed at 10 mg/ml. we studied 7 candida albicans, 3 candida parapsilosis, 3 candida glabrata, 3 candida krusei and 2 candida tropicalis strains. biofilms were developed in 96-well, flat-bottomed microtiter plates for 48 hours. a synergistic effect between ... | 2011 | 22094555 |
| an observational study on the epidemiological and mycological profile of candidemia in icu patients. | this study aimed to analyze the epidemiological and mycological profile of candidemia in intensive care unit (icu) patients attending a tertiary care teaching hospital in the himalayan region of northern india. | 2011 | 22037747 |
| evaluation of luminex xtag fungal analyte-specific reagents for rapid identification of clinically relevant fungi. | invasive fungal infections (ifi) remain a serious threat to immunocompromised hosts. current diagnostic methods, including fungal culture and antigen detection, are slow and often lack specificity. rapid diagnostic tools with increased sensitivity and specificity could improve the care of patients with ifi. recently, luminex molecular diagnostics (toronto, canada) developed 23 analyte-specific reagents (asrs) for the detection of the most common clinically relevant fungi. this study's objective ... | 2011 | 21880976 |
| candidaemia in a european paediatric university hospital: a 10-year observational study. | clin microbiol infect abstract: in this retrospective observational study covering 1998 to 2008, 32 patients (mean age: 7.50 years) were identified that had 35 episodes of candidaemia (0.47 cases/1000 hospital discharges). cancer/allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (43%) and congenital malformations/syndromes (21%) were the predominant underlying conditions. central venous catheterization (90%), a history of antibacterial therapy (69%) and previous bacteraemia (54%) were frequent ... | 2011 | 22181050 |
| arv1 lipid transporter function is conserved between pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi. | the lipid transporter arv1 regulates sterol trafficking, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol and sphingolipid biosyntheses in saccharomyces cerevisiae. scarv1 contains an arv1 homology domain (ahd) that is conserved at the amino acid level in the pathogenic fungal species, candida albicans and candida glabrata. here we show s. cerevisiae cells lacking arv1 are highly susceptible to antifungal drugs. in the presence of drug, scarv1 cells are unable to induce erg gene expression, have an altered plei ... | 2011 | 22142782 |
| cascade cell lyses and dna extraction for identification of genes and microorganisms in kefir grains. | kefir is a dairy product popular in many countries in central europe, especially in poland and other countries of eastern and northern europe. this type of fermented milk is produced by a complex population of symbiotic bacteria and yeasts. in this work, conditions for dna extraction, involving disruption of kefir grains and a cascade of cell lysis treatments, were established. extraction procedure of total microbial dna was carried out directly from fresh kefir grains. using different lysis str ... | 2011 | 22008413 |
| intestinal resident yeast candida glabrata requires cyb2p-mediated lactate assimilation to adapt in mouse intestine. | the intestinal resident candida glabrata opportunistically infects humans. however few genetic factors for adaptation in the intestine are identified in this fungus. here we describe the c. glabrata cyb2 gene encoding lactate dehydrogenase as an adaptation factor for survival in the intestine. cyb2 was identified as a virulence factor by a silkworm infection study. to determine the function of cyb2, we analysed in vitro phenotypes of the mutant δcyb2. the δcyb2 mutant grew well in glucose medium ... | 2011 | 21931845 |
| the facultative intracellular pathogen candida glabrata subverts macrophage cytokine production and phagolysosome maturation. | although candida glabrata is an important human pathogenic yeast, its pathogenicity mechanisms are largely unknown. immune evasion strategies seem to play key roles during infection, since very little inflammation is observed in mouse models. furthermore, c. glabrata multiplies intracellularly after engulfment by macrophages. in this study, we sought to identify the strategies that enable c. glabrata to survive phagosome biogenesis and antimicrobial activities within human monocyte-derived macro ... | 2011 | 21849684 |
| chitosan and silver nanoparticles as pudding with raisins with antimicrobial properties. | chitosan nanoparticles (cs-np) containing small silver nanoparticles are reported (ag@cs-np). cs-np was synthesized using tripolyphosphate (tpp) as a polyanionic template. tpp also served to electrostatically attract ag(+) inside cs-np, where it was reduced by the terminal glucosamine units of the biopolymer. this procedure is environmental friendly, inexpensive, and permits the synthesis of very small agnp (0.93-1.7 nm), with only a discrete dependence from the amount of silver nitrate used (5- ... | 2011 | 21903218 |
| Antifungal use influences Candida species distribution and susceptibility in the intensive care unit. | Antifungal prescription practices have changed over the last decade, and the impact of these changes is unclear. Our objective here was to evaluate the effect of antifungal drug use on the distribution and drug susceptibility of Candida spp. in a French intensive care unit (ICU). | 2011 | 21980066 |
| Influence of hyaluronic acid on bacterial and fungal species, including clinically relevant opportunistic pathogens. | Hyaluronic acid (HA) has several clinical applications (aesthetic surgery, dermatology, orthopaedics and ophtalmology). Following recent evidence, suggesting antimicrobial and antiviral properties for HA, we investigated its effects on 15 ATCC strains, representative of clinically relevant bacterial and fungal species. The in vitro system employed allowed to assess optical density of broth cultures as a measure of microbial load in a time-dependent manner. The results showed that different micro ... | 2011 | 21892787 |
| Could liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) lock solutions be useful to inhibit Candida spp. biofilms on silicone biomaterials? | OBJECTIVES: Candida infections associated with catheters remain difficult to manage. Antifungal lock strategies could be a therapeutic option when the device is difficult to remove or in combination with systemic treatment to increase efficacy. This study deals with the antibiofilm potential of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) used as a lock solution to inhibit Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis biofilms in vitro. METHODS: Biofilms aged 12 h and 5 days were formed on sil ... | 2011 | 22081268 |
| pre-clinical development of antifungal susceptibility test methods for the testing of the novel antifungal agent e1210 versus candida: comparison of clsi and european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. | to compare european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) and clsi broth microdilution (bmd) methods for testing the novel antifungal e1210 against a recent collection of 102 clinical isolates of candida spp. | 2011 | 21873291 |
| Epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of bloodstream fungal isolates in pediatric patients: a spanish multicenter prospective survey. | Data on fungemia epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of isolates from children are scarce, leading frequently to pediatric empirical treatment based on available adult data. The present study was designed to update the epidemiological, mycological, and in vitro susceptibility data on fungal isolates from children with fungemia in Spain. All fungemia episodes were identified prospectively by blood culture over 13 months at 30 hospitals. Tests of susceptibility to amphotericin B, flucytosin ... | 2011 | 22012014 |
| Comparative analysis of micafungin, caspofungin and anidulafungin against a difficult-to treat fungal opportunistic pathogen: Candida glabrata. | The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro and in vivo activities of micafungin, caspofungin and anidulafungin against Candida glabrata. Minimum inhibitory concentrations against 28 clinical isolates showed that the overall susceptibilities to caspofungin and to micafungin were not statistically different in absence of human serum, whereas the isolates were less susceptible to micafungin than caspofungin in its presence. Minimum fungicidal concentrations as well time-kill experiments show ... | 2011 | 22203604 |
| functional characterization of the regulators of calcineurin in candida glabrata. | the serine-threonine-specific protein phosphatase calcineurin is a key mediator of various stress responses in fungi. herein, we characterized functions of the endogenous regulators of calcineurin (rcns), rcn1 and rcn2, in the pathogenic fungus candida glabrata. rcn1 exerted both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on calcineurin signaling, but rcn2 displayed only inhibitory activity. phenotypic analyses of c. glabrata strains lacking either rcns, calcineurin, or both revealed that calcineurin re ... | 2011 | 22093746 |
| breakthrough fungemia due to candida glabrata during posaconazole prophylaxis in hematology patients treated with anidulafungin - report of 5 cases. | 2011 | 22005067 | |
| phylogenetic and preliminary phenotypic analysis of yeast paqr receptors: potential antifungal targets. | proteins belonging to the progestin and adipoq receptor (paqr) superfamily of membrane bound receptors are ubiquitously found in fungi. nearly, all fungi possess two evolutionarily distinct paralogs of paqr protein, which we have called the pqra and pqrb subtypes. in the model fungus saccharomyces cerevisiae, these subtypes are represented by the izh2p and izh3p proteins, respectively. s. cerevisiae also possesses two additional pqra-type receptors called izh1p and izh4p that are restricted to o ... | 2011 | 22009226 |
| Post-antifungal effects and time-kill studies of anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin against Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis. | Candida glabrata (Cgl) and Candida parapsilosis (Cpa) can cause serious infections and can be resistant to some antifungal drugs. In treating infections caused by these organisms, killing rates and post-antifungal effects (PAFE) are important factors in both dose interval choice and outcome. Two strains each of Cgl and Cpa were studied. For PAFE studies, each organism was exposed to micafungin (MCF), anidulafungin (ANF), or caspofungin (CAS) for 1 h at concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 16×MIC. ... | 2011 | 21865002 |
| Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of naphthylamine derivatives having a thiazolidinone moiety. | The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pharmacophores having naphthylamine and nitro groups on the antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) activity of thiazolidinone derivatives. | 2011 | 21968886 |
| Proteogenomic Analysis of Candida glabrata using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. | Candida glabrata is a common opportunistic human pathogen leading to significant mortality in immunosuppressed and immunodeficient individuals. We carried out proteomic analysis of C. glabrata using high resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry with MS resolution of 60000 and MS/MS resolution of 7500. On the basis of 32453 unique peptides identified from 118815 peptide-spectrum matches, we validated 4421 of the 5283 predicted protein-coding genes (83%) in the C. glabrata genome. Further, s ... | 2011 | 22129275 |
| Fungicidal activity of the human peptide hepcidin 20 alone or in combination with other antifungals against Candida glabrata isolates. | Candida glabrata infections are often difficult to eradicate due to the intrinsically low susceptibility to azoles of this species. In addition, C. glabrata has also been shown to be insensitive to several cationic peptides, which have been shown to be promising novel therapeutic candidates for the treatment of fungal infection. In this study, the in vitro fungicidal activity of the human cationic peptide hepcidin 20 (Hep-20) was evaluated against clinical isolates of C. glabrata with different ... | 2011 | 22015266 |
| the monoamine oxidase a inhibitor clorgyline is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of fungal abc and mfs transporter efflux pump activities which reverses the azole resistance of candida albicans and candida glabrata clinical isolates. | resistance to the commonly used azole antifungal fluconazole (flc) can develop due to over-expression of atp-binding cassette (abc) and major facilitator superfamily (mfs) plasma membrane transporters. an approach to overcoming this resistance is to identify inhibitors of these efflux pumps. we have developed a pump assay suitable for high-throughput screening (hts) that uses recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae strains hyper-expressing individual transporters from the opportunistic fungal patho ... | 2011 | 22203607 |
| therapeutic efficacy of posaconazole against candida glabrata in a murine model of vaginitis. | the frequency of mucosal infections caused by candida glabrata has increased significantly. candida glabrata infections are often resistant to many azole antifungal agents, especially fluconazole. the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacies of posaconazole (psc) and fluconazole (flc) in the treatment of experimental c. glabrata vaginitis caused by isolates with different flc susceptibilities. a battery of 36 vaginal isolates of c. glabrata was tested against psc and flc to determine ... | 2011 | 19811615 |
| fungicidal effect of photodynamic therapy against fluconazole-resistant candida albicans and candida glabrata. | although photodynamic therapy (pdt) has shown great promise for the inactivation of candida species, its effectiveness against azole-resistant pathogens remains poorly documented. this in vitro study describes the association of photogem® (photogem, moscow, russia) with led (light emitting diode) light for the photoinactivation of fluconazole-resistant (fr) and american type culture collection (atcc) strains of candida albicans and candida glabrata. suspensions of each candida strain were treate ... | 2011 | 19889173 |
| failure of echinocandin therapy in the treatment of candida glabrata chorioretinitis. | abstract:: echinocandins are commonly used as initial empiric therapy in cases of moderate to severe invasive candidiasis. the authors demonstrate that caution should be exercised in applying this approach in certain clinical situations. a case of candida glabrata fungemia and associated chorioretinitis that was clinically resistant to therapy with micafungin but appeared to resolve with amphotericin b is presented. the authors then briefly review current issues regarding the diagnosis and treat ... | 2012 | 22052412 |
| the candida genome database incorporates multiple candida species: multispecies search and analysis tools with curated gene and protein information for candida albicans and candida glabrata. | the candida genome database (cgd, http://www.candidagenome.org/) is an internet-based resource that provides centralized access to genomic sequence data and manually curated functional information about genes and proteins of the fungal pathogen candida albicans and other candida species. as the scope of candida research, and the number of sequenced strains and related species, has grown in recent years, the need for expanded genomic resources has also grown. to answer this need, cgd has expanded ... | 2012 | 22064862 |
| the candida glabrata adhesin epa1p causes adhesion, phagocytosis, and cytokine secretion by innate immune cells. | while candida albicans is the most significant fungal pathogen for humans, candida glabrata accounts for an increasing number of infections. little is known about how c. glabrata interacts with the innate immune system, the first line of defense against such organisms. the c. glabrata adhesin epa1p was previously shown to bind mammalian epithelial cells. we hypothesized that epa1p mediates unique, nonopsonic binding to macrophages, leading to induction of immune responses. we found that epa1p me ... | 2012 | 22225518 |
| a novel downstream regulatory element cooperates with the silencing machinery to repress epa1 expression in candida glabrata. | candida glabrata, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, adheres to mammalian epithelial cells; adherence is mediated primarily by the epa1 adhesin. epa1 is a member of a large gene family of about 25 paralogues, which encode putative adhesins. in this study, we address how epa1 transcription is regulated. our data show that epa1 expression is subject to two distinct negative regulatory mechanisms. epa1 transcription is repressed by sub-telomeric silencing: the sir complex (sir2, sir3 and sir4), r ... | 2012 | 22234857 |
| effect of ph on in vitro susceptibility of candida glabrata and candida albicans to eleven antifungal agents - implications for clinical use. | the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) due to candida glabrata is challenging with limited therapeutic options. unexplained disappointing clinical efficacy has been reported with systemic and topical azole antifungal agents in spite of in vitro susceptibility. given that vaginal ph of patients with vvc is unchanged at 4 - 4.5, we studied the effect of ph on the in vitro activity of eleven antifungal agents against 40 c. glabrata isolates and compared activity against 15 fluconazole sens ... | 2012 | 22232293 |
| hosting infection: experimental models to assay candida virulence. | although normally commensals in humans, candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida parapsilosis, candida glabrata, and candida krusei are capable of causing opportunistic infections in individuals with altered physiological and/or immunological responses. these fungal species are linked with a variety of infections, including oral, vaginal, gastrointestinal, and systemic infections, with c. albicans the major cause of infection. to assess the ability of different candida species and strains t ... | 2012 | 22235206 |
| species and susceptibility distribution of 1062 clinical yeast isolates to azoles, echinocandins, flucytosine and amphotericin b from a multi-centre study. | descriptive values were determined for eight antifungal agents within the course of a multi-centre study encompassing 1062 german and austrian clinical yeast isolates. candida albicans (54%) was the predominant species isolated followed by candida glabrata (22%), candida parapsilosis (6%), candida tropicalis (5.7%), candida krusei (4.3%), as well as eleven further candidal and four non-candida yeast species. while 519 (48.9%) isolates were tested susceptible to all antifungals tested, no isolate ... | 2012 | 22233267 |
| time to blood culture positivity of different candida species causing fungemia. | this study investigated the time to positivity (ttp) of different species of candida causing bloodstream infection and whether ttp can help differentiate fluconazole-resistant candida glabrata and c. krusei from other candida species. we prospectively conducted this study at the national taiwan university hospital, a 2500-bed tertiary care medical center in northern taiwan. patients with candidemia were identified by central laboratory personnel from july 2010 to march 2011. ttp in each patient ... | 2012 | 22245787 |
| clotrimazole-loaded eudragit® rs100 nanocapsules: preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluation of antifungal activity against candida species. | clotrimazole is a common choice for the treatment of vulvovaginal infections, but its low solubility and some side effects pose a challenge to its application. this work evaluated the feasibility to formulate clotrimazole-loaded cationic nanocapsules using eudragit® rs100 and medium chain triglycerides as polymer and oily core, respectively, by the method of interfacial deposition of a preformed polymer. the physicochemical characteristics of nanocapsule formulations were evaluated at 0day and 6 ... | 2012 | 23827586 |
| [identification of three candida africana strains in senegal]. | the frequency of candidiasis has increased dramatically in recent years. candida albicans is the most common species. however, other species which are pathogenic and resistant to usual antifungal agents beginning to emerge. these include candida dubliniensis and candida africana, which share morphological similarities with candida albicans. thus, it is of interest to correctly identify the fungal isolates. | 2012 | 23518168 |
| antifungal activity, sar and physicochemical correlation of some thiazole-1,3,5-triazine derivatives. | present research communication was towards the investigation of antifungal minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum fingicidal concentration (mfc) activity of some substituted clubbed thiazole-1,3,5-triazines derivatives and effect of physicochemical properties on bioactivity. | 2012 | 23518015 |
| [statement of the polish gynecological society expert group on the use of macmiror complex 500]. | the group of experts representing the polish gynecologic society has issued this statement based on the review of available literature on the potential benefits of the use of macmiror complex 500 in obstetrical and gynecologic practice. mixed vaginitis (mv) eg. the vaginal infection caused by at least two out of the triad of pathogens (fungi, bacteria and trichomonas vaginalis [tv]), constitutes the type of vaginitis which is underestimated as for its prevalence. mixed pathogens are responsible ... | 2012 | 23488303 |
| candida glabrata prosthetic hip infection. | we present a case of a 60-year-old caucasian woman carrying a 2-year-old hip prosthesis infected by candida glabrata dose-dependent susceptible to fluconazole and voriconazole. resection arthroplasty was performed. six weeks of caspofungin plus liposomal amphotericin combination therapy achieved joint sterilization and allowed a successfully reimplantation arthroplasty. in addition we review 9 cases of c. glabrata prosthetic joint infection described to date in the literature. | 2012 | 23431513 |
| [physiological function in torulopsis glabrata--a review]. | a multi-vitamin auxotrophic yeast of torulopsis glabrata was the most competitive strain for industrial production of pyruvate. given its genomic characterizations and physiological functions, it was an efficient way to redirect carbon flux to the target metabolites through manipulating nutritional and environmental conditions, intracellular cofactor form and level. in this review, we summarized the progress on the elucidation and manipulation of physiological function of t. glabrata. furthermor ... | 2012 | 23383501 |