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antibodies to phenolic glycolipid-i during long-term therapy: serial measurements in individual patients.levels of igm antibody to phenolic glycolipid-i (pgl-i) were measured in serum specimens collected over the initial 5 or more years of therapy from 11 leprosy patients. all three patients with paucibacillary disease had undetectable levels of antibody throughout their treatment. the eight patients with multibacillary disease had initially elevated levels which fell quite rapidly with treatment, reaching levels of 10% to 30% of their initial pre-treatment level after 5 years of therapy. the singl ...19873323367
effects of icrc antileprosy vaccine in healthy subjects.long-term effects of the administration of the icrc antileprosy vaccine in healthy subjects have been investigated both in household contacts of leprosy patients and noncontacts in a general population. each volunteer received a dose of vaccine containing either 0.5 x 10(9) or 1.7 x 10(7) bacilli intradermally. the vaccine induces a dose-dependent lepromin conversion in negative subjects at 8 weeks after vaccination. one year later, the conversion rates are more than 90% in both high- and low-do ...19873323368
primary and secondary dapsone resistance of m. leprae in martinique, guadeloupe, new caledonia, tahiti, senegal, and paris between 1980 and 1985.primary and secondary dapsone resistance were studied among lepromatous patients living in martinique, guadeloupe, new caledonia, tahiti, senegal, and paris. four hundred fifteen biopsies were taken from clinically active and bacteriologically positive (bacterial index greater than 2) patients in the 6-year period of 1980-1985. among these, 280 biopsies that contained 5 x 10(4) acid-fast bacilli per ml with a morphological index of at least 0.10 were inoculated into the mouse foot pad, and 229 h ...19873323369
appearance of a methoxy mycolate-like component by the acid methanolysis of mycobacterium leprae.it has been reported that mycobacterium leprae contains two types of mycolic acid, namely, alpha- and keto-mycolic acids, thus it is taxonomically similar to m. bovis bcg. however, there was some controversy about the presence of methoxy mycolic acid which was observed in small amounts only in the case of experimentally infected (w45) armadillo-derived m. leprae. to investigate this fact, mycolic acids were extracted from the cell-wall structure of m. leprae and characterized using chromatograph ...19873323370
serological reactivity and early detection of leprosy among contacts of lepromatous patients in cebu, the philippines. 19873323372
immunodiagnostic tests for leprosy; a need for standards. 19873323373
dapsone susceptibility of m. leprae before and after 1977. 19873323374
[hansen i. considerations on its development].the causes of the existence and importance of the i form are discussed, as were as its characteristics and the advantage of using the letter i to refer to this group. it is called initial because it is the way the disease first appears and due to its epidemiological value. the method used in the research carried out in the department of dermatology of the pic on 444 patients with i form in the register of patients in the pic is 16%. the average age ranged from 30 to 39 years old. most of the pat ...19873323709
[delayed cutaneous response to different antigens in household contacts of leprosy patients and controls].the delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) response to ppd, candidin and histoplasmin, and mitsuda reaction (mr) in household contacts (hc) of multibacillary (hcm) and paucibacillary (hcp) leprosy patients, and non exposed controls was studied. intradermal tests with 0.1 ml. of each antigen were performed and read after 48 hours. late nodular reaction to ml (mr) was evaluated at the 21st day post-challenge. as we had formerly demonstrated, mr was depressed in hcm. interestingly, this reaction was a ...19873323710
persisting mycobacterium leprae among thelep trial patients in bamako and chingleput. subcommittee on clinical trials of the chemotherapy of leprosy (thelep) scientific working group of the undp/world bank/who special programme for research and training in tropical diseases. 19873323750
studies of reactivity of some sri lankan population groups to antigens of mycobacterium leprae. iii. the post-lepromin test scar in healthy populations in sri lanka. 19873323752
the killing of mycobacterium leprae in mice by various dietary concentrations of clofazimine and ethionamide. 19873323753
endothelial cell bacillation in lepromatous leprosy: a case report. 19873323754
multiplication of mycobacterium leprae in normal mice. 19873325572
mouse breeding and husbandry. 19873325573
application of the mouse foot-pad technique in immunologically normal mice in support of clinical drug trials, and a review of earlier clinical drug trials in lepromatous leprosy. 19873325574
drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium leprae. 19873325575
screening of drugs for activity against mycobacterium leprae. 19873325576
the normal mouse in experimental chemotherapy. 19873325577
application of the thymectomized-irradiated mouse to the detection of persisting mycobacterium leprae. 19873325579
the thelep controlled clinical drug trials. subcommittee on clinical trials of the chemotherapy of leprosy (thelep). scientific working group of the undp/world bank/who special programme for research and training in tropical diseases. 19873325580
detection of persisting mycobacterium leprae by inoculation of the neonatally thymectomized rat. 19873325581
the neonatally thymectomized rat as a model of the lepromatous patient. 19873325582
multiplication of mycobacterium leprae in the nude mouse, and some applications of nude mice to experimental leprosy.two aspects of the immune deficiency of nude mice make these animals particularly useful tools for leprosy research. nude mice are capable of supporting multiplication of m. leprae to levels approaching 10(10) per g in peripheral body tissues. in addition, nude mice may be inoculated with greater than 10(4) (in fact, with as many as 10(8) organisms per foot pad, without provoking an immune response that prevents multiplication of the organisms. thus, the nude mouse should be particularly suitabl ...19873325583
infection of other experimental animals with mycobacterium leprae. 19873325584
analysis of dimycocerosates of glycosylphenolphthiocerols in the identification of some clinically significant mycobacteria.extracts of representative mycobacteria were examined by thin-layer chromatography for glycosylphenolphthiocerol dimycocerosates. the glycolipid typical of mycobacterium bovis was also found in mycobacterium africanum and mycobacterium microti, but it was absent in mycobacterium bovis an 5. mycobacterium gastri strains contained a glycolipid which was chromatographically similar to that in mycobacterium kansasii. representatives of mycobacterium marinum produced a distinct glycolipid type, and o ...19873326746
recombinant dna technology and its application to leprosy research. 19873326902
mycobacterium leprae can penetrate nasal mucosa. 19873326904
on the "culture medium for cultivation of m. leprae" published by dr. laszlo kato. 19873326905
[effect of the suppression of the popliteal ganglion in the reproduction of mycobacterium leprae in the foot-pad of mice. preliminary report]. 19873327105
[experimental leprosy]. 19873327348
thesis and proposition for short-term and long-term support of leprosy sufferers. the leprosy bacillus must be cultivated. 19873327349
the difficult decision when to discontinue multidrug therapy in leprosy. 19873327350
leprosy in singapore.the incidence of leprosy in singapore is declining over the past 20 years. more than one third of new cases are now over 50 years while no child under 5 years has been affected since 1970. male to female ratio is 2:1. indians are more significantly affected compared to the other races and a higher proportion has tuberculoid leprosy. tuberculoid leprosy accounts for 50.4% of cases seen during the past decade. case detections from household contacts is still worthwhile as it accounts for 3% to 13. ...19873328554
enzymes for purine synthesis and scavenging in pathogenic mycobacteria and their distribution in mycobacterium leprae.three enzymes catalysing the synthesis of four intermediates (phosphoribosylglycinamide, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-succinocarboxamide, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-carboxamide and amp) in the purine biosynthetic pathway were detected in extracts of mycobacterium microti and m. avium, even when the organisms had been grown in mice. however only one of the three enzymes, adenylosuccinate amp-lyase (catalysing the synthesis of the last two of the four intermediates listed above) was detected in ...19873328771
the serological response to the phenolic glycolipid of mycobacterium leprae in australian and nepali leprosy patients.antibodies to the species-specific phenolic glycolipid (pgl-1) of mycobacterium leprae and a crude m. leprae sonicate were measured by elisa in sera from newly diagnosed and treated leprosy patients from sydney and nepal. igm anti-pgl-1 antibodies were present in 88-90% of untreated patients at the lepromatous pole of the clinical spectrum and 35-55% of those at the tuberculoid pole. in treated patients with either form of the disease, igm anti-pgl-1 antibodies were within the normal range or mi ...19873328975
a component of mycobacterium leprae as immunomodulating agent for immune deficient cells of leprosy patients.the delipidified component of the insoluble portion which presumably is the cell wall of mycobacterium leprae (dcw) was able to induce lymphocyte proliferation in the leucocyte culture from the peripheral blood of lepromatous leprosy patients. normally these cells show no lymphocyte proliferation in response to m. leprae or their sonicated extract. the delipidified component (dcw) appears to be proteinaceous and able to induce antibodies in rabbit. the dcw has affinity to the sera from lepromato ...19873329228
[a method for electron microscopic observation of human leproma]. 19873329648
production of monoclonal antibody to a 65,000 dalton protein of mycobacterium leprae. 19873330083
the bacteriological examination of slit-skin smears in leprosy control programmes using multiple drug therapy: a plea for radical changes in current operational methodology. 19873330552
renal involvement in mycobacterium leprae infected mice. histopathological, bacteriological and immunofluorescence study.swiss albino mice were inoculated in the footpads with mycobacterium leprae obtained from untreated lepromatous patient. the kidneys obtained from the animals sacrificed during different periods were processed for histopathology, presence of afb and immunofluorescence studies. renal lesions, afb and immune complex deposits were seen in the infected animals. such findings have not been studied in great detail in experimental leprosy earlier.19873330553
the simultaneous inoculation of mycobacterium leprae and m. intracellulare into nude mice: development of cutaneous leproma and accelleration of foot pad swelling.organisms of the non-pathogenic mycobacterium intracellulare serotype 19 darden enhanced the pathogenicity of m. leprae when inoculated together into the foot pads of nude mice. this supporting effect could be demonstrated by an accelleration of foot pad swelling, beginning 4 months after inoculation and by the development of cutaneous leproma on dorsal and lateral body sites within 6 months after inoculation. these leproma increased in number and size during the 9 months they were under observa ...19873330554
role of immune complexes in alteration of lymphocyte subpopulation numbers and functions in experimental leprosy.swiss albino mice (normal as well as thymectomised and irradiated were inoculated into the footpads with mycobacterium leprae and divided into two main phases of study. phase i comprised of animals not given preformed immune complexes (ic). uninfected controls were however included. phase ii consisted of animals given in vitro prepared ic at zero day period (odic), three month period (3mic) or six month period (6mic) to both uninfected and infected groups. splenic lymphocytes were isolated to qu ...19873330555
preliminary results on the detection of mycolic acids from mycobacterium leprae by gel permeation chromatography and proton nuclear resonance spectroscopy. 19873330748
[the leprosy bacillus: expectations for culturing and vaccination]. 19873331128
use of phenolic glycolipid 1 for serodiagnosis of leprosy in a high prevalence village in papua new guinea.this study reports on the usefulness of an igm phenolic glycolipid 1 (pgl-1) elisa for serodiagnosis of leprosy in the first year of a prospective longitudinal community survey in a high (8.8%) prevalence village in papua new guinea. the igm pgl-1 elisa had limited value as a screening method for detection of new cases. many normal persons, particularly children, had elevated igm anti-pgl-1 antibodies, presumably a consequence of early subclinical infection.19873332501
eleven years of follow-up of the pattern of leprosy complications at alupe leprosy hospital. 19873333748
purification of m. leprae with special reference to the effects of purified m. leprae vaccines on host macrophage cell functions. 19873333939
[infection of mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium lepraemurium into a cloned macrophage like cell line]. 19873333940
[collection method of mycobacterium leprae from infected armadillo liver--a comparison with draper's method]. 19873333941
[inactivation methods of mycobacterium leprae as a leprosy vaccine]. 19873333942
characterization of antibody-reactive epitopes on the 65-kilodalton protein of mycobacterium leprae.twenty-three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) prepared in seven different laboratories were studied, all of which recognized the 65-kilodalton (kda) protein of mycobacterium leprae as determined by western blotting or gel radioimmunoassay or both. fourteen of the mabs recognized different epitopes, as evaluated by cross-competition studies using radiolabeled mab and unlabeled inhibitors; the species specificity of these epitopes was defined by nitrocellulose dot blot immunoassays with bacterial soni ...19872435658
comparative study of immunizing and delayed hypersensitivity eliciting antigens of mycobacterium leprae, m. tuberculosis, m. vaccae, and m. bovis (bcg).a variety of mycobacterial antigens have been associated with the delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) reactions in human beings and animals. an attempt has been made in the present study to identify the major antigen fractions of mycobacterium leprae and m. tuberculosis responsible for the elicitation of dth and to evaluate their specificity by a comparison with the antigens of two closely related mycobacteria, bcg and m. vaccae. guinea pigs and mice were sensitized with native or heat-killed m. ...19872435824
purification of the 65 kd protein from mycobacterium gordonae and use in skin test response to mycobacterium leprae.the cell wall-associated protein of mycobacterium gordonae (mr = 65,000) was purified by affinity chromatography using a murine monoclonal antibody produced in response to the crossreactive 65 kd protein of m. leprae. the affinity-purified material was analyzed for purity by protein and carbohydrate analyses, sds-page, and immunoblotting. the final preparation contained a major protein band on sds-page analysis (mr = 65,000) with no detectable carbohydrates. the affinity fraction was prepared at ...19872435825
orientation staining for the demonstration of mycobacterium leprae in semithin sections.in spurr-embedded biopsies for ultrastructural examinations, mycobacterium leprae hardly differed from the surrounding tissues using the staining technique of richardson. also, the usual histological staining methods of ziehl-neelsen and fite did not achieve positive results for the determination of m. leprae. therefore, we applied the methylene blue-borax and basic fuchsin technique for the demonstration of the bacilli in plastic-embedded tissue of 11 patients suffering from hansen's disease. i ...19872435826
clinical significance of changes in serum proteins, immunoglobulins, and autoantibodies in leprosy.changes in the level of acute phase reactants such as c-reactive protein (crp), serum globulins, and autoantibodies have been reported previously in patients with leprosy, particularly at the lepromatous end of the spectrum. the clinical significance of these findings was investigated by comparing the same parameters of humoral immune function in populations of australian aboriginals with stable treated leprosy and relevant contact groups including a) noninfected european sporadic contacts and b ...19872439620
comparison of radiometric macrophage assay and fluorescein diacetate/ethidium bromide staining for evaluation of m. leprae viability.earlier studies from our laboratory reported that a radiometric mycobacterium leprae resident macrophage assay was a useful in vitro indicator of bacillary viability with good correlation with the established mouse foot pad model. the present study compares our assay with the recently described fluorescein diacetate/ethidium bromide (fda/eb) method. m. leprae extracted from the dermal lesions of 73 bacilliferous leprosy patients were tested concurrently by both techniques. good correlation (r = ...19872439621
mapping of t cell epitopes using recombinant antigens and synthetic peptides.two complementary approaches were used to determine the epitope specificity of clonal and polyclonal human t lymphocytes reactive with the 65-kd antigen of mycobacterium leprae. a recombinant dna sublibrary constructed from portions of the 65-kd gene was used to map t cell determinants within amino acid sequences 101-146 and 409-526. independently, potential t cell epitopes within the protein were predicted based on an empirical analysis of specific patterns in the amino acid sequence. of six pe ...19872440673
the etiologic agents of leprosy and tuberculosis share an immunoreactive protein antigen with the vaccine strain mycobacterium bovis bcg.the amino acid sequences of the 65-kilodalton antigens of mycobacterium leprae, mycobacterium tuberculosis, and mycobacterium bovis bcg display greater than 95% homology.19872440811
a rapid method for viability and drug sensitivity of mycobacterium leprae cultured in macrophages and using fluorescein diacetate.the ability of viable m. leprae to hydrolyze fluorescein diacetate and retain fluorescein inside the bacteria was used to identify viable m. leprae inside the cultured in vitro macrophages. the subjective microscopic count of the fda test was demonstrated as useful routine test by confirming the results obtained therein with a quantitative and non subjective measurement of fluorescence in spectrofluorimeter. using this method loss of viability of m. leprae in presence of dapsone and rifampicin w ...19872440960
demonstration of mycobacterium leprae antigen in nerves of tuberculoid leprosy.twenty nerve biopsies of tuberculoid leprosy patients who showed no acid-fast bacilli in their skin smears or in tissue biopsies, were stained for mycobacterial antigens using anti-bacille calmette-gúerin (bcg) by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. adjacent parts of some of these nerves were examined for the presence of osmiophilic bacilli under the transmission electron microscope. eight of the 20 nerves were both clinically and histologically uninvolved. all the 20 involved nerves showed pr ...19872441563
studies on the antigenic specificity of mycobacterium leprae. i. isoelectric and chromatofocusing separation.cell sonicates of mycobacterium leprae and other mycobacteria were subjected to isoelectric focusing and chromatofocusing to evaluate their protein antigens and to determine if the patterns were significantly different. isoelectric focusing showed that the proteins of all mycobacteria focused within the ph range of 3.5 to 5.5, except those of m. leprae which extended beyond 5.5 to 6.5. these studies have indicated for the first time that the protein antigens of mycobacteria are acidic in nature. ...19872442924
in situ identification of activated ta1+ t lymphocytes in human leprosy skin lesions.using a monoclonal antibody, anti-ta1, that identifies antigen-activated t lymphocytes in vitro, we sought to identify activated t lymphocytes in leprosy skin lesions. greater numbers of ta1 positive t lymphocytes were observed in tuberculoid leprosy, lepromin skin tests, and reversal reactions as compared with lepromatous leprosy or erythema nodosum leprosum (enl) (p less than 0.001). with a double-staining technique, we found that the majority of these activated t lymphocytes were of the helpe ...19872443587
in vitro cultivation of an acid-fast nocardioform chemoautotroph from mouse footpad-passaged strain of leprosy bacillus. 19872444533
studies on the antigenic specificity of mycobacterium leprae. ii. immunological characterization.antigens from untreated and autoclaved mycobacterium leprae obtained through chromatofocusing were tested for their ability to both induce as well as elicit skin reactivity in guinea pigs sensitized either with homologous and heterologous mycobacteria or with the fractions derived from autoclaved m. leprae. in former studies, of the several antigen-positive fractions, one showed specific activity and the remaining others cross-reactivity, as indicated by studies of hypersensitivity. the fraction ...19872445123
studies on the antigenic specificity of mycobacterium leprae. iii. further studies on immunological characterization.the ability of the various protein antigens of mycobacterium leprae to induce as well as detect delayed type hypersensitivity has been confirmed by studies in mice. additionally, one of the fractions obtained from untreated m. leprae has been shown to possess specificity to the organism through immuno-analysis, thus confirming previous observations on skin-reactivity in guinea pigs. sds-pag electrophoresis has shown that this fraction contains a single antigen. a suggestion has been made that th ...19872445124
leprosy and the leprosy bacillus: recent developments in characterization of antigens and immunology of the disease. 19872446563
can mycobacterium leprae enter the body through unbroken epithelium? 19872448403
vaccines against leprosy. 19872883495
mycobacterium leprae-reactive t-cell clones isolated from polar lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy patients.t-cell clones capable of mounting a proliferative response to mycobacterium leprae were obtained in three leprosy patients (two polar lepromatous and one polar tuberculoid) either from m. leprae-activated or from protein-purified derivative-activated polyclonal t lymphoblasts. all these clones expressed the cd4 surface marker. some of them proliferated to the antigen only in the presence of interleukin-2. a majority expressed cross-reactive responses to other mycobacteria. clones obtained from t ...19872830893
the leprosy bacillus: a microbe-dependent microbe.since the discovery of the leprosy bacillus, cultivable mycobacteria were regularly found in lepratic tissues of humans and armadillos. unpublished data indicate that professor hugo preisz isolated and collected several cultures of unidentified cultivable strains of mycobacteria from leprosy sufferers. recent findings suggest that mycobacterium leprae is a microbe-dependent, mycobactin-deficient microorganism. the author proposes the concept that secondary mycobacteria found in leprosy cases are ...19872831691
biosynthesis and scavenging of purines by pathogenic mycobacteria including mycobacterium leprae.purine biosynthesis de novo could not be detected in suspensions of mycobacterium leprae isolated from armadillo tissue. in contrast, non-growing suspensions of other pathogenic mycobacteria, also isolated from infected host tissue did synthesize purines. rates of synthesis, judged by incorporation of [2-14c]glycine or [3-14c]serine into nucleic acid purines were 600 times higher in m. microti and 110 times higher in m. avium--both isolated from infected mouse tissue--than the lowest possible ra ...19872833559
auramine staining in histopathology sections.auramine staining was done on 65 histopathological sections from different types of treated leprosy cases which were negative by fite-farraco stain. all the sections except one showed auramine positive organisms. the organisms were mostly coccoid except in bl/ll cases where beaded bacilli could be seen.19872454272
lepromin-induced lymphoproliferative response of experimental leprosy monkeys: regulatory role of monocyte and lymphocyte subsets.we investigated the immunological status of seven normal, control mangabey monkeys and 23 mangabey monkeys experimentally inoculated with mangabey-origin mycobacterium leprae. clinically, these monkeys were divided into three broad groups: a recently inoculated group, a resistant group, and a susceptible group. the resistant group included 11 monkeys, seven of which showed no clinical sign of disease to date and four of which had shown local disease that partially regressed spontaneously. the su ...19872953794
[a preliminary study on the serological activity of deacetylated phenolic glycolipid from m. leprae]. 19872955923
regulatory role of fcr+ and fcr- monocyte subsets in mycobacterium leprae-induced lymphoproliferative response in vitro.we investigated nine rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) inoculated with mycobacterium leprae and three normal human contacts. peripheral blood monocytes were separated into fc receptor positive (fcr+) and fc receptor negative (fcr-) fractions, and their regulatory role in the lymphoproliferative response in vitro to m. leprae was studied. fcr- monocytes had strong antigen presentation activity and produced no suppressor effect while fcr+ monocytes had weak antigen presentation activity and produced ...19872957129
[evaluation of blocking agents for elisa in the detection of leprosy antibody]. 19872958162
type 1 reactions in leprosy--heterogeneity in t-cell functions related to the background leprosy type.nineteen each of paucibacillary borderline tuberculoid (bt) and multibacillary borderline borderline (bb)/borderline lepromatous (bl) leprosy patients undergoing type 1 reactions were compared with nonreactional stable patients of the appropriate leprosy type. in the bt reactional group, both phytohemagglutinin-induced and, more importantly, antigen-induced lymphoproliferation was reduced in 80%-90% of the patients. on the other hand, leukocyte migration inhibition was reduced in 40% and remaine ...19872958570
immunosuppression and cellular immunity reactions in leprosy patients treated with a mixture of mycobacterium leprae and bcg.suppressor reactivity was studied in a group of leprosy patients before and after immunotherapy with a mixture of mycobacterium leprae and bcg. the treatment increases the responses in lymphocyte transformation tests to levels which are comparable to those observed in bt-tt patients and reduces suppressor activity. the soluble extract of m. leprae appears to be more sensitive than purified intact bacilli in the lymphocyte transformation tests, but this preparation did not induce suppressor react ...19872963084
t cell defect in lepromatous leprosy is reversible in vitro in the absence of exogenous growth factors.t lymphocytes from patients with lepromatous leprosy (ll) characteristically fail to respond to mycobacterium leprae. this specific immunologic defect is thought to contribute to the aggressive clinical course that typifies patients with ll. we report that although fresh cd4+ (helper) t cells from most ll patients are specifically unresponsive to m. leprae, after culture in medium alone for 48 hr the same cells respond to m. leprae antigens. the recovery of t cell function is specific for m. lep ...19872947952
lepromin-induced suppressor cells in lepromatous leprosy.the presence or absence of suppressor cells in leprosy patients was investigated by measuring peripheral blood lepromin-induced suppression of the con a response. significant suppressor activity was measured in 15 of 15 untreated or recently treated patients with lepromatous leprosy and 3 of 5 patients with borderline lepromatous leprosy. in addition, in patients with lepromatous leprosy, suppressor cell activity was found in 10 of 14 patients that had been under treatment for more than 1 year b ...19872948676
rifabutin (ansamycin lm 427): a new rifamycin-s derivative for the treatment of mycobacterial diseases.rifabutin (ansamycin lm 427), a semisynthetic spiropiperidyl derivative of rifamycin s, shows good in vitro activity against most mycobacterial species, including mycobacterium avium complex. in animal models, the drug is more active against both mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae than in rifampin, and studies indicate that rifabutin is active against some rifampin-resistant strains of both species. the drug has a long half-life (16 hr) in humans and a marked tissue tropism, wit ...19873037676
a single cell assay for the study of gamma-interferon formation in leprosy patients.the number of gamma-interferon producing cells in the peripheral blood of leprosy (ll and bt) patients and controls was studied by the reversed protein a plaque assay before and after exposure in vitro to mycobacterium leprae bacilli and epstein-barr virus (ebv). the level of spontaneous gamma-interferon production was significantly higher in bt patients compared to ll patients and controls. mycobacterium leprae induced a specific gamma-interferon response in lymphocytes from bt patients and fro ...19873040308
mycobacterium leprae-burdened macrophages are refractory to activation by gamma interferon.mycobacterium leprae grows to enormous numbers in the nu/nu mouse footpad, producing granulomas resembling those of lepromatous leprosy in humans. footpad granuloma cells gorged with m. leprae were established in primary cell culture to examine their functional capabilities. these cells were classified as macrophages by the following criteria: positive staining for nonspecific esterase, reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium during phagocytosis of candida albicans, possession of fc receptors, and p ...19873100449
a simple new method for using antigens separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to stimulate lymphocytes in vitro after converting bands cut from western blots into antigen-bearing particles.the individual antigenic components present in microgram quantities of complex mixtures can be separated reproducibly by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred onto nitrocellulose blots. we report that the ng quantities of antigen present in single lines cut from such western blots can be used to induce maximal lymphoproliferative responses in 30-60 microtitre wells. in order to achieve this the excised lines of antigen-bearing nitrocellulose sheet must be converted into antigen-bear ...19873104476
the relation between allergy and immunity in leprosy. 19873104515
genes for the major protein antigens of mycobacterium tuberculosis: the etiologic agents of tuberculosis and leprosy share an immunodominant antigen.mycobacterium tuberculosis genes encoding immunologically relevant proteins were isolated by systematically screening a lambda gt11 recombinant dna expression library with a collection of murine monoclonal antibodies directed against protein antigens of this pathogen. these antibodies, previously characterized by a world health organization workshop on monoclonal antibodies against mycobacteria, were used to isolate dna sequences encoding five major protein antigens of this pathogen. to evaluate ...19873104901
periodic acid in the staining of acid-fast bacilli in tissue section. 19873105515
mycobacterium leprae antigen-induced suppression of t cell proliferation in vitro.the extent to which m. leprae and its products induced suppression of t lymphocyte proliferation in vitro was evaluated. m. leprae antigens suppressed t cell proliferation in response to mitogens and antigens in both lepromatous and tuberculoid patients, as well as controls never exposed to m. leprae or m. leprae endemic areas. both soluble and particulate fractions of m. leprae were found to suppress proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. the extent of suppression was inversely related to th ...19873106496
epithelioid cell granuloma induction in the guinea pig by haptenated mycobacterium leprae.fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-conjugated mycobacterium leprae (fitc-m. leprae) was injected intradermally into the ears of guinea pigs and granuloma formation in the draining postauricular lymph nodes was studied. at 2 weeks, there was an increase in weights and infiltration of the draining lymph nodes in half of the animals injected with fitc-m. leprae. at 5 weeks, there was a significant increase in the weights and infiltration of these draining lymph nodes in the guinea pigs injected with ...19873109743
structure of the major triglycosyl phenol-phthiocerol of mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain canetti).phenol-phthiocerol glycolipids have been found previously in mycobacterium leprae, m. kansasii, m. bovis and m. marinum, but not in m. tuberculosis. a search for glycolipids in this latter species showed that the canetti strains of m. tuberculosis synthesize a major triglycosyl phenol-phthiocerol, accompanied by minor amounts of other glycolipids with a similar aglycone moiety. the triglycoside moiety has the following structure: 2,3,4-tri-o-methyl l-fucopyranosyl(alpha 1----3)l-rhamnopyranosyl( ...19873113946
gamma interferon, but not mycobacterium leprae, induces major histocompatibility class ii antigens on cultured rat schwann cells.in order to investigate the possible role of schwann cells in immune reactions, and in particular their involvement in the response to infection with mycobacterium leprae, it was determined under what conditions schwann cells express major histocompatibility complex class ii (mhc class ii) antigens, since these molecules are thought to have a key role in antigen presentation during cellular immune responses. in situ and in vitro preparations from newborn and adult rat sciatic nerves were used as ...19873114433
expression of major histocompatibility complex class i and class ii antigens in human schwann cell cultures and effects of infection with mycobacterium leprae.recent experiments on rats have raised the possibility that schwann cells can present antigens to t lymphocytes. we have investigated whether this mechanism might be relevant in leprosy by determining under what conditions human schwann cells express class i and class ii antigens, and whether infection with mycobacterium leprae affects this expression. the distribution of these antigens was examined on human schwann cells in dissociated cell cultures derived from human fetal peripheral nerves. w ...19873115648
mycobacterial carbohydrate antigens for serological testing of patients with leprosy.to determine whether quantitation of antibodies to mycobacterial carbohydrate determinants would be valuable in serodiagnosis and monitoring of leprosy, we tested serum igm antibody to mycobacterium leprae phenolic glycolipid i and igm and igg antibodies to mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. leprae lipoarabinomannan (lam) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. seventy-one percent of patients with paucibacillary disease and 85.5% of patients with multibacillary disease were positive for at least on ...19873116103
metabolic studies on mycobacteria. iv. assay of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase activity in m. leprae.cell free extracts from m. tuberculosis h37 rv, m. smegmatis armadillo derived m. leprae and normal armadillo liver homogenates were assayed for the presence of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase activity. it was observed that significant amount of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase activity was present in m. tuberculosis h37 rv, m. smegmatis and armadillo derived m. leprae. no such activity was demonstrable in cell free extracts of normal armadillo liver. it is concluded that m. leprae like ...19873116105
demonstration that the galactosyl and arabinosyl residues in the cell-wall arabinogalactan of mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium tuberculosis are furanoid.by a complex process involving methylation, partial hydrolysis with acid, reduction with sodium borodeuteride, ethylation, further hydrolysis and reduction, and subsequent capillary gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the derived alditol acetates, it was established that the arabinogalactans of mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium tuberculosis contain arabinofuranyosyl and galactofuranosyl residues exclusively. thus, the covalently bound, highly immunogenic arabinogalactan of mycoba ...19873119212
immunological activity of a 14-kilodalton recombinant protein of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv.a 14-kilodalton peptide antigen from mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from an escherichia coli lambda gt 11 recombinant dna clone and was identified by western blotting (immunoblotting) with monoclonal antibody tb68. immunization of mice and guinea pigs with the recombinant peptide (rtb68) induced in vitro lymphoproliferative responses in draining lymph node lymphocyte cultures as well as in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. moreover, rtb68 was found both to induce and to cros ...19873119499
etiological factors in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in leprosy. 19873123582
rifabutin and rifapentine compared with rifampin against mycobacterium leprae in mice. 19873032088
oxidation of palmitic acid by mycobacterium leprae in an axenic medium.the ability of mycobacterium leprae to oxidize palmitic acid during incubation in an axenic medium was studied. by using a buddemeyer-type detection system, partially purified nude-mouse-derived m. leprae was found to produce 14co2 from 14c-labeled palmitic acid in a linear fashion for at least 1 week. procedures known to remove residual host tissue did not diminish the rate of 14co2 evolution, indicating that bacterial metabolism was being measured. palmitate oxidation was temperature sensitive ...19883125213
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