Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| mapping and comprehensive analysis of the extracellular and cell surface proteome of the human pathogen corynebacterium diphtheriae. | secreted proteins of the human pathogen corynebacterium diphtheriae might be involved in important pathogen-host cell interactions. here, we present the first systematic reference map of the extracellular and cell surface proteome fractions of the type strain c. diphtheriae c7s(-)tox-. the analysis window of 2-de covered the pi range from 3 to 10 along with a mw range from 8 to 150 kda. computational analysis of the 2-d gels detected almost 150 protein spots in the extracellular proteome fractio ... | 2006 | 16544277 |
| experimental model of infection with non-toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae and development of septic arthritis. | corynebacterium diphtheriae is a well-known cause of localized respiratory tract infections. however, this micro-organism can also be associated with invasive infections, such as endocarditis, septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. invasive infections are often caused by non-toxigenic strains. to set up an in vivo experimental model of c. diphtheriae infection, mice were infected intravenously with different doses (ranging from 1 x 10(7) to 5 x 10(8) bacteria per mouse) of three non-toxigenic strai ... | 2006 | 16434717 |
| [pseudomembranous diphtheria caused by corynebacterium ulcerans]. | introduction: pseudomembranous angina are classically caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae. more rarely, it caused by corynebacterium ulcerans, sometimes carrying the diphteric exotoxine. exegeris: we report a new autochton case of pseudomembranous pharyngitis caused by c. ulcerans, carrying the diphteric exotoxine, transmitted by a dog, complicated of velopharyngitis and hypopharyngée paralysis, then of diphtheric polyneuritis. conclusion: although exceptional, diphteria must always be evoked ... | 2006 | 16426709 |
| antidiphtheria antibody responses in patients and carriers of corynebacterium diphtheriae in the arkhangelsk region of russia. | diphtheria is under control in industrialized countries. however, single cases and outbreaks still occur and the disease is not completely understood. forty-three individuals suspected of having diphtheria who were referred to the infectious disease hospital of arkhangelsk from december 1994 to march 1995 were included in this study. fifteen patients were diagnosed as having diphtheria and received equine hyperimmune antidiphtheria toxin antiserum, and 28 were diagnosed as carriers, 12 with nond ... | 2006 | 16760319 |
| design of metal cofactors activated by a protein-protein electron transfer system. | protein-to-protein electron transfer (et) is a critical process in biological chemistry for which fundamental understanding is expected to provide a wealth of applications in biotechnology. investigations of protein-protein et systems in reductive activation of artificial cofactors introduced into proteins remains particularly challenging because of the complexity of interactions between the cofactor and the system contributing to et. in this work, we construct an artificial protein-protein et s ... | 2006 | 16769893 |
| human alpha-defensins neutralize toxins of the mono-adp-ribosyltransferase family. | various bacterial pathogens secrete toxins, which are not only responsible for fatal pathogenesis of disease, but also facilitate evasion of host defences. one of the best-known bacterial toxin groups is the mono-adp-ribosyltransferase family. in the present study, we demonstrate that human neutrophil alpha-defensins are potent inhibitors of the bacterial enzymes, particularly against dt (diphtheria toxin) and eta (pseudomonas exotoxin a). hnp1 (human neutrophil protein 1) inhibited dt- or eta-m ... | 2006 | 16817779 |
| modulation of eukaryotic cell apoptosis by members of the bacterial order actinomycetales. | apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is normally responsible for the orderly elimination of aged or damaged cells, and is a necessary part of the homeostasis and development of multicellular organisms. some pathogenic bacteria can disrupt this process by triggering excess apoptosis or by preventing it when appropriate. either event can lead to disease. there has been extensive research into the modulation of host cell death by microorganisms, and several reviews have been published on the phenom ... | 2006 | 16850163 |
| molecular epidemiology of c. diphtheriae strains during different phases of the diphtheria epidemic in belarus. | the reemergence of epidemic diphtheria in belarus in 1990s has provided us with important information on the biology of the disease and the diversity of the causative agent corynebacterium diphtheriae. molecular investigations were conducted with the aim to analyze the genetic variability of c diphtheriae during the post-epidemic period. | 2006 | 16911772 |
| type iii pilus of corynebacteria: pilus length is determined by the level of its major pilin subunit. | multiple pilus gene clusters have been identified in several gram-positive bacterial genomes sequenced to date, including the actinomycetales, clostridia, streptococci, and corynebacteria. the genome of corynebacterium diphtheriae contains three pilus gene clusters, two of which have been previously characterized. here, we report the characterization of the third pilus encoded by the spahig cluster. by using electron microscopy and biochemical analysis, we demonstrate that spah forms the pilus s ... | 2006 | 16923899 |
| translation elongation factor 2 anticodon mimicry domain mutants affect fidelity and diphtheria toxin resistance. | eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eef2) mediates translocation in protein synthesis. the molecular mimicry model proposes that the tip of domain iv mimics the anticodon loop of trna. his-699 in this region is post-translationally modified to diphthamide, the target for corynebacterium diphtheriae and pseudomonas aeruginosa toxins. adp-ribosylation by these toxins inhibits eef2 function causing cell death. mutagenesis of the tip of domain iv was used to assess both functions. a h694a mutant strain ... | 2006 | 16950777 |
| diphtheria-neutralizing antibody levels in healthy adults from rio de janeiro, brazil. | in brazil, until 2004, the immunization policy against diphtheria involved childhood vaccination with no official routine booster dose administered after 15 years of age. this study assessed functional antibody levels against diphtheria among blood donors. a total of 140 blood samples were collected, and diphtheria antitoxin levels were evaluated by vero cell neutralization test. the mean age of the population was 34 years old (range: 18-61 years); 37.8% females and 62.2% males. overall, 30.7% ( ... | 2006 | 16951820 |
| metalloantibiotics: synthesis, characterization and in-vitro antibacterial studies on cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes with cloxacillin. | the synthesis and characterization of cloxacillin (clox) complexes with divalent metal ions [co (ii), cu (ii), ni (ii) and zn (ii)] is described. the nature of bonding of the chelated cloxacillin and the structures of the metal complexes have been elucidated on the basis of their physical and spectroscopic data. in all the complexes, the cloxacillin acts as a uninegatively charged bidentate ligand with coordination involving the carboxylate-o and endocyclic-n of the beta-lactam ring. the new com ... | 2006 | 17059178 |
| cluster of invasive infections, including endocarditis, caused by nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 2006 | 17100042 | |
| variable expression of immunoreactive surface proteins of propionibacterium acnes. | despite accumulating data implicating propionibacterium acnes in a variety of diseases, its precise role in infection remains to be determined. p. acnes antigen-specific cd4(+) t cells are present in early inflamed acne lesions and may be involved in the inflammatory response; however, little is known about the specific antigens involved. in this study, b cell and t cell antigens from p. acnes expression libraries were cloned and evaluated and the four predominant proteins identified were invest ... | 2006 | 17159220 |
| [pathogenicity of corynebacterium diphtheriae circulating in rostov-on-don city and rostov region during interepidemic period]. | main pathogenic characteristics (toxin production, tox-gene detection, adhesiveness) of 59 strains of c. diphtheriae circulating in rostov-on-don city and rostov region in 2004-2005 were studied. study of toxigenicity of 15 tox+ c.di phtheriae strains showed full coincidence of elek immunoprecipitation test and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). presence of part of a-fragment of tox-gene was detected in 5 (11.4%) of 44 c. diphtheriae strains that were negative in elek test. hemagglutinating activi ... | 2006 | 17163130 |
| some unusual manifestations of proteolysis. | in the article the results of the long-term researches revealing the essence of the following three phenomena are generalized. 1. participation of active oxygen species (especially, superoxide radical) in activation of zymogens--plasminogen, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, pepsinogen and in realization of the catalytic (proteolytic) function of a number of proteinases. the essence of the hypothesis of oxygen-dependent reactions of proteolysis is stated. as shown by the example of mouse brain homo ... | 2006 | 17543196 |
| qualitative and quantitative analysis of microbial aerosols in selected areas within the college of dentistry, king saud university. | to investigate qualitatively and quantitatively the bacterial aerosols before, during, and after clinical work sessions in different areas within a multichair dental clinic, an isolation clinic, the sterilization center, and the prosthetic laboratory in the college of dentistry, king saud university. in addition, the contributions of aerosols generated by different types of dental procedures were investigated. | 2007 | 17568825 |
| cutaneous diphtheroid infection and review of other cutaneous gram-positive bacillus infections. | cutaneous diphtheria is a rare infection in the united states. this article presents a case of genital ulcerations, which were likely secondary to cutaneous coryneform bacterial infection, and reviews the literature concerning the diagnosis and management of this entity. in addition, we briefly review other gram-positive bacillus bacterial infections of the skin. | 2007 | 17569399 |
| a six-month audit of the isolation of fusobacterium necrophorum from patients with sore throat in a district general hospital. | fusobacterium necrophorum is an obligate anaerobe believed to be a member of the normal flora of the human oropharangeal and urogenital tract. it has been associated with deep-seated infections and was first described in 1936 by lemierre, a french microbiologist. there is now strong evidence to suggest that it is also a cause of recurrent sore throat and persistent sore throat syndrome (psts) without leading to full systemic infection. it is considered to be the second most common cause of sore ... | 2007 | 17633139 |
| nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen control in corynebacteria: variations of a common theme. | the published genome sequences of corynebacterium diphtheriae, corynebacterium efficiens, corynebacterium glutamicum and corynebacterium jeikeium were screened for genes encoding central components of nitrogen source uptake, nitrogen assimilation and nitrogen control systems. interestingly, the soil-living species c. efficiens and c. glutamicum exhibit a broader spectrum of genes for nitrogen transport and metabolism than the pathogenic species c. diphtheriae and c. jeikeium. the latter are char ... | 2007 | 17183220 |
| the iclr-type transcriptional repressor ltbr regulates the expression of leucine and tryptophan biosynthesis genes in the amino acid producer corynebacterium glutamicum. | the transcriptional regulator cg1486 of corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 is a member of the iclr protein family and belongs to the conserved set of regulatory proteins in corynebacteria. a defined deletion in the cg1486 gene, now designated ltbr (leucine and tryptophan biosynthesis regulator), led to the mutant strain c. glutamicum ib1486. according to whole-genome expression analysis by dna microarray hybridizations, transcription of the leub and leucd genes encoding enzymes of the leucine ... | 2007 | 17259312 |
| bacteriophage-based vectors for site-specific insertion of dna in the chromosome of corynebacteria. | in corynebacterium diphtheriae, diphtheria toxin is encoded by the tox gene of some temperate corynephages such as beta. beta-like corynephages are capable of inserting into the c. diphtheriae chromosome at two specific sites, attb1 and attb2. transcription of the phage-encoded tox gene, and many chromosomally encoded genes, is regulated by the dtxr protein in response to fe(2+) levels. characterizing dtxr-dependent gene regulation is pivotal in understanding diphtheria pathogenesis and mechanis ... | 2007 | 17275217 |
| comparative analysis of hmuo function and expression in corynebacterium species. | we have constructed defined deletions in the hmuo gene from corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium ulcerans and show that the c. ulcerans hmuo mutation results in a significant reduction in hemoglobin-iron utilization, whereas in c. diphtheriae strains, deletion of hmuo caused no or only partial reduction in the utilization of heme as an iron source. we also show that expression from the c. ulcerans hmuo promoter exhibits minimal regulation by iron and heme whereas transcription from th ... | 2007 | 17322319 |
| the chra-chrs and hrra-hrrs signal transduction systems are required for activation of the hmuo promoter and repression of the hema promoter in corynebacterium diphtheriae. | transcription of the corynebacterium diphtheriae hmuo gene, which encodes a heme oxygenase involved in heme iron utilization, is activated in a heme- or hemoglobin-dependent manner in part by the two-component system chra-chrs. mutation of either the chra or the chrs gene resulted in a marked reduction of hemoglobin-dependent activation at the hmuo promoter in c. diphtheriae; however, it was observed that significant levels of hemoglobin-dependent expression were maintained in the mutants, sugge ... | 2007 | 17353293 |
| [point mutations in tox promoter/operator and diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) gene associated with the level of toxin production by corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in belarus]. | dna fragments 129 bp in length containing promoter region of the tox gene from 81 toxigenic strains corynebacterium diphtheriae were analyzed using the sscp (single strand conformational polymorphism). we found that only two strains had mutations; the strains also had highest levels of toxin production (over 5120 vero cd50/ml). other strains were characterized either as high-level toxin-producing (640-5120 vero cd50/ml, 41 strains) or low-level toxin-producing (40-320 vero cd50/ml, 38 strains). ... | 2007 | 17354605 |
| pili mediate specific adhesion of streptococcus pyogenes to human tonsil and skin. | very little is known about the biological functions of pili that have recently been found to be expressed by important gram-positive pathogens such as corynebacterium diphtheriae, streptococcus agalacticae, s. pneumoniae and s. pyogenes. using various ex vivo tissue and cellular models, here we show that pili mediate adhesion of serotype m1 s. pyogenes strain sf370 to both human tonsil epithelium and primary human keratinocytes, which represent the two main sites of infection by this human-speci ... | 2007 | 17359232 |
| complete genome sequence of the erythromycin-producing bacterium saccharopolyspora erythraea nrrl23338. | saccharopolyspora erythraea is used for the industrial-scale production of the antibiotic erythromycin a, derivatives of which play a vital role in medicine. the sequenced chromosome of this soil bacterium comprises 8,212,805 base pairs, predicted to encode 7,264 genes. it is circular, like those of the pathogenic actinomycetes mycobacterium tuberculosis and corynebacterium diphtheriae, but unlike the linear chromosomes of the model actinomycete streptomyces coelicolor a3(2) and the closely rela ... | 2007 | 17369815 |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae employs specific minor pilins to target human pharyngeal epithelial cells. | adherence to host tissues mediated by pili is pivotal in the establishment of infection by many bacterial pathogens. corynebacterium diphtheriae assembles on its surface three distinct pilus structures. the function and the mechanism of how various pili mediate adherence, however, have remained poorly understood. here we show that the spaa-type pilus is sufficient for the specific adherence of corynebacteria to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. the deletion of the spaa gene, which encodes the m ... | 2007 | 17376076 |
| the seroprevalence of diphtheria among adults in izmir-turkey. | a serological survey to determine the immunity to diphtheria in the adult population in izmir-turkey was conducted according to the recommendations of the world health organization. a total of 339 blood samples were collected from subjects aged between 20 and 81, and diphtheria antitoxin levels were measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method. titers below 0.1 iu/ml were considered to show insufficient immunity. of the studied population, 56.3% had showed insufficient immunity again ... | 2007 | 17395342 |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae spoligotyping based on combined use of two crispr loci. | a large diphtheria epidemic in the 1990s in russia and neighboring countries underlined the importance of permanent surveillance of the circulating and emerging clones of corynebacterium diphtheriae, and hence there is a need for highly discriminatory, simple and portable typing methods. in the complete genome sequence of c. diphtheriae strain nctc13129, we previously identified in silico two clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr) loci, and developed a macroarray-base ... | 2007 | 17431853 |
| diatomic ligand discrimination by the heme oxygenases from neisseria meningitidis and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | heme oxygenases have an increased binding affinity for o2 relative to co. such discrimination is critical to the function of ho enzymes because one of the main products of heme catabolism is co. kinetic studies of mammalian and bacterial ho proteins reveal a significant decrease in the dissociation rate of o2 relative to other heme proteins such as myoglobin. here we report the kinetic rate constants for the binding of o2 and co by the heme oxygenases from neisseria meningitidis (nmho) and pseud ... | 2007 | 17095508 |
| [development studies of lyophilized standard diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines]. | in this study, diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine components were prepared as the formulations of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (dtp), diphtheria-tetanus (dt) for children, diphtheria-tetanus (td) for adults, and tetanus toxoid (tt), respectively. alhydrogel-adsorbed vaccines prepared to contain the stabilizing substances were lyophilized and the immunogenicity tests were carried out both in vivo and in vitro. the potencies of the tetanus component of the vaccines were obtained by the leth ... | 2007 | 17682702 |
| quantification of diphtheria toxin mediated adp-ribosylation in a solid-phase assay. | because of reduced vaccination programs, the number of diphtheria infections has increased in the last decade. diphtheria toxin (dt) is expressed by corynebacterium diphtheriae and is responsible for the lethality of diphtheria. dt inhibits cellular protein synthesis by adp-ribosylation of the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eef2). no in vitro system for the quantification of dt enzymatic activity exists. we developed a solid-phase assay for the specific detection of adp-ribosylation by dt. | 2007 | 17712004 |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae: identification and characterization of a channel-forming protein in the cell wall. | the cell wall fraction of the gram-positive, nontoxic corynebacterium diphtheriae strain c8r(-) tox- (=atcc 11913) contained a channel-forming protein, as judged from reconstitution experiments with artificial lipid bilayer experiments. the channel-forming protein was present in detergent-treated cell walls and in extracts of whole cells obtained using organic solvents. the protein had an apparent molecular mass of about 66 kda as determined on tricine-containing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl ... | 2007 | 17720794 |
| determinants of protection against diphtheria in adult hemodialysis patients. | diphtheria is of great epidemiological concern. although mainly observed during childhood, unvaccinated adults and relatively immunocompromised patients are at increased risk for acquiring diphtheria. we aimed to determine the rates and certain determinants of protection against diphtheria in adult hemodialysis (hd) patients. protection rates of 322 hd patients were compared with 65 diabetes mellitus type 2 (dm) patients and 65 healthy controls. a questionnaire was held in regard to smoking habi ... | 2007 | 17994451 |
| nmr assignments of cd-ho, a 24 kda heme oxygenase from corynebacterium diphtheria. | we are employing a number of selective in vitro and in vivo methods including nmr to screen compounds that bind to heme oxygenases from pathogenic bacteria. we report the nearly complete hn, n, co, calpha and cbeta chemical shift assignments of a 215-amino acid ho from corynebacterium diphtheria in three forms, apo cd-ho-g135a, apo cd-ho and co-bound ferrous holo cd-ho; these assignments will enable us to identify residues on cd-ho that are perturbed upon binding to selected compounds, and to he ... | 2007 | 19636825 |
| bacteriological & epidemiological characteristics of diphtheria cases in & around delhi -a retrospective study. | diphtheria infections caused by the different toxigenic biotypes of corynebacterium diphtheriae are endemic in delhi. information on biochemical identification, toxigenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility to this bacterium is scanty. this retrospective study was carried out to identify isolated corynebacteria biochemically, determine their toxigenicity, drug sensitivity and some epidemiological characteristics of diphtheria cases from delhi and adjoining states for the period 1998-2004. | 2007 | 18219082 |
| analysis of secreted protein profile and enzymatic activities from corynebacterium diphtheriae and bordetella pertussis on production batch media using peptide quenched fluorescent substrates. | proteases were identified and characterized from the culture supernatant of the c. diphtheriae and b. pertussis bacteria. the proteases were secreted in the media and detected at the end of the exponential growth phase. activity was detected in some fluorescent substrates, based on selected protein sequences such as insuline beta-chain, bradykinin, and synaptobrevin. the proteases were purified by means of gel filtration chromatography. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ( ... | 2007 | 17849290 |
| interplay between dtxr and nitric oxide reductase activities: a functional genomics approach indicating involvement of homologous protein domains in bacterial pathogenesis. | corynebacterium diphtheriae pathogenesis depends on the production of toxin (dtx), which in turn depends on a micromolar concentration of nitric oxide (no)-mediated deactivation of dtxr (an iron-dependent regulator). inside a host, the pathogen often encounters excess of no that acts as an oxidative toxicant. therefore a critical level of no needs to be maintained by the pathogen. this necessitates reduction of excess no by the presence of a reductase, namely nitric oxide reductase (nor). simila ... | 2007 | 17877539 |
| [the humoral immunity against diphtheria]. | results of the conducted study showed that naturally acquired antibacterial and postvaccinal antitoxic antibodies against diphtheria were found in human blood sera. challenge of adt-m toxoid to adults resulted in production of antitoxic as well as antibacterial antibodies in high concentrations. in response to challenge of adt-m toxoid simultaneously with bacterial vaccine against diphtheria codivac both antibacterial and antitoxic antibodies were synthesized in blood on optimal physiologic leve ... | 2007 | 17882831 |
| [study of diphtheria anatoxins in immunochemical and tissue culture assays]. | equine diphtheria antitoxins from different manufacturers were studied. their immunochemical interaction with diphtheria toxin, toxoid, and antigens of corynebacterium diphtheriae in elisa and immunoblotting assays as well as biological activity in cho cell assay were compared. the discovered differences between antitoxin samples with stated equal activity in iu/ml point to heterogeneity of antigen composition in preparations used for immunization. mentioned methods allow to standardize antitoxi ... | 2007 | 17882833 |
| role of the n-terminal helix in the metal ion-induced activation of the diphtheria toxin repressor dtxr. | the metal ion-regulated transcriptional repressor dtxr has been shown to repress the transcription of the diphtheria toxin and other genes associated with ferrous ion homeostasis in corynebacterium diphtheriae. in vivo studies of single-alanine mutations located in the n-terminal helix of dtxr show that the activity of the mutants is reduced compared to that of the wild type. the three-dimensional structures of the apo and activated forms of dtxr show conformational changes in the n-terminal hel ... | 2007 | 17902703 |
| prevalence of diphtheria and tetanus antibodies and circulation of corynebacterium diphtheriae in são paulo, brazil. | the introduction of routine vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria in brazil has decreased the incidence and changed the epidemiology of both diseases. we then investigated the prevalence of corynebacterium diphtheriae carrier status and diphtheria and tetanus immunity in são paulo, brazil. from november 2001 to march 2003, 374 individuals were tested for the presence of c. diphtheriae in the naso-oropharynx and of serum diphtheria and tetanus antibodies. participants were all healthy indivi ... | 2007 | 17906776 |
| housekeeping sortase facilitates the cell wall anchoring of pilus polymers in corynebacterium diphtheriae. | many surface proteins in gram-positive bacteria are covalently linked to the cell wall through a transpeptidation reaction catalysed by the enzyme sortase. corynebacterium diphtheriae encodes six sortases, five of which are devoted to the assembly of three distinct types of pilus fibres--srta for the spaa-type pilus, srtb/srtc for the spad-type pilus, and srtd/srte for the spah-type pilus. we demonstrate here the function of srtf, the so-called housekeeping sortase, in the cell wall anchoring of ... | 2007 | 17919283 |
| backbone dynamics in an intramolecular prolylpeptide-sh3 complex from the diphtheria toxin repressor, dtxr. | the diphtheria toxin repressor contains an sh3-like domain that forms an intramolecular complex with a proline-rich (pr) peptide segment and stabilizes the inactive state of the repressor. upon activation of diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) by transition metals, this intramolecular complex must dissociate as the sh3 domain and pr segment form different interactions in the active repressor. here we investigate the dynamics of this intramolecular complex using backbone amide nuclear spin relaxati ... | 2007 | 17976643 |
| analysis of toxigenic corynebacterium ulcerans strains revealing potential for false-negative real-time pcr results. | diphtheria surveillance depends on the rapid and reliable recognition of the toxin gene in corynebacterium diphtheriae. real-time pcr is a rapid tool to confirm the presence of the diphtheria toxin gene (tox) in an isolate or specimen. we report that some toxigenic corynebacterium ulcerans strains show atypical results in a real-time pcr for tox. | 2008 | 17989189 |
| a multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of corynebacterium diphtheriae and differentiation between non-toxigenic and toxigenic isolates. | 2008 | 18927428 | |
| antibacterial and antifungal activities of different parts of tribulus terrestris l. growing in iraq. | antimicrobial activity of organic and aqueous extracts from fruits, leaves and roots of tribulus terrestris l., an iraqi medicinal plant used as urinary anti-infective in folk medicine, was examined against 11 species of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms: staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, corynebacterium diphtheriae, escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, serratia marcescens, salmonella typhimurium, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and candida albica ... | 2008 | 18257138 |
| skin microbiota: a source of disease or defence? | microbes found on the skin are usually regarded as pathogens, potential pathogens or innocuous symbiotic organisms. advances in microbiology and immunology are revising our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of microbial virulence and the specific events involved in the host-microbe interaction. current data contradict some historical classifications of cutaneous microbiota and suggest that these organisms may protect the host, defining them not as simple symbiotic microbes but rather as ... | 2008 | 18275522 |
| dnase test as a novel approach for the routine screening of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | to examine the value of the dnase test as an alternative procedure for differentiating corynebacterium diphtheriae from corynebacterium-like colonies. | 2008 | 18290809 |
| investigation of immunity level against diphtheria and reinforcement of immunity by booster vaccination for infection control staff in okayama prefecture. | the prevalence of immunity against diphtheria among okayama local government staff members involved in diphtheria infection control was measured. diphtheria booster vaccination was administered to staff members with low antitoxin levels (<0.1 iu/ml) in order to reinforce of immunity. ninety-one (36.7%) of 248 staff members, 20-69 years of age, had fully protective antitoxin levels (> or =0.1 iu/ml), and the remaining 157 (63.3%) showed levels of <0.1 iu/ml. the rate of full protection was higher ... | 2008 | 18362396 |
| properties of corynephage attachment site and molecular epidemiology of corynebacterium ulcerans isolated from humans and animals in japan. | sporadic reports of corynebacterium ulcerans infection in humans and animals have become increasingly common throughout the world. between 2001 and 2006, five human cases, in addition to isolation of the bacterium from the carcasses of orcinus orca and panthera leo, were reported in japan. while an isolate from p. leo generated only phospholipase d (pld), the other isolates produced both pld and diphtheria-like toxin (dlt). pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis showed that isolates from p. l ... | 2008 | 18362399 |
| [mechanisms of immune response during diphtheria infection]. | state-of-the-art data about mechanisms of immune response against diphtheria are presented. antitoxic and antibacterial immunity as well as factors of natural resistance are characterized. allergic and autoimmune reactions during diphtheria and their role in the development of complications are reviewed. literature data and results of authors' studies in area of immunity against diphtheria are included in the review. | 2008 | 18376469 |
| a pcr for dtxr gene: application to diagnosis of non-toxigenic and toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae. | the significant rise in the percentage of adults susceptible to diphtheria and the emergence of non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae strains as the causative agent of endocarditis and other systemic infections emphasize the need for alternative laboratory diagnostic procedures. in this study, for the first time, the value of a species-specific pcr assay that targets the dtxr gene is documented as a procedure for differentiating c. diphtheriae from corynebacterium-like colonies. the results ... | 2008 | 18378421 |
| cutaneous diphtheria masquerading as a sexually transmitted disease. | a 41 year-old, sexually promiscuous, married male, an agricultural laborer by occupation, presented to our sexually transmitted diseases (std) clinic with multiple ulcers over the scrotum and genitalia of 20 days' duration. bacterial culture from swabs taken from the genital ulcer, grew organisms morphologically and biochemically characteristic of corynebacterium diphtheriae. he made a complete and uneventful recovery after two weeks of therapy with antidiphtheria serum and crystalline penicilli ... | 2008 | 18404803 |
| antimicrobial and antioxidative activities of bioactive constituents from hydnophytum formicarum jack. | hydnophytum formicarum jack. (rubiaceae) is a medicinal plant whose tubers possesses cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic effects and have been used for the treatment of hepatitis, rheumatism and diarrhea. herein we report the isolation of its active constituents and the testing of their antimicrobial activity against 27 strains of microorganisms using an agar dilution method and of their antioxidative activity using the dpph and sod assays. the results show that the crude hexane, ... | 2008 | 18463592 |
| detection of toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium ulcerans strains by a novel real-time pcr. | 2008 | 18550743 | |
| novel lipoarabinomannan-like lipoglycan (cdilam) contributes to the adherence of corynebacterium diphtheriae to epithelial cells. | the genus corynebacterium is part of the phylogenetic group nocardioform actinomycetes. members of this group have a characteristic cell envelope structure composed primarily of branched long-chain lipids, termed mycolic acids, and a rich number of lipoglycans such as lipoarabinomanans (lam) and lipomannans. in this study, we identified a novel lam variant isolated from corynebacterium diphtheriae named cdilam. the key structural features of cdilam are a linear alpha-1-->6-mannan with side chain ... | 2008 | 18575847 |
| [development of growth medium from meat processing waste products and assessment of its properties]. | new growth medium based on inedible substrate - meat processing waste products of slaughterhouses - was developed. new medium was characterized by physical, chemical, and biological properties using exacting and non-exacting microorganisms, as well as by periodical cultivation of corynebacterium diphtheriae strain and obtaining the preparation of its antigens. the experimental medium provided the growth of chosen test-strains with typical properties. from biomass obtained during the periodic cul ... | 2008 | 18595471 |
| polish up on past pestilence and present pathogens. | the cases presented here illustrate potential epidemic or pandemic events that once-silent pathogens portend. developing countries, where defenses are limited, are primary targets. of future concern are the developed countries that fail to use rigorous control measures established by the cdc, the who, and others to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. international travel has brought changes in demographics and a greater need for surveillance programs to control selective antibiotic resist ... | 2008 | 18630097 |
| development of an online database for diphtheria molecular epidemiology under the remit of the dipnet project. | 2008 | 18761980 | |
| the molecular switch that activates the cell wall anchoring step of pilus assembly in gram-positive bacteria. | cell surface pili in gram-positive bacteria orchestrate the colonization of host tissues, evasion of immunity, and the development of biofilms. recent work revealed that pilus assembly is a biphasic process wherein pilus polymerization is catalyzed by a pilus-specific sortase followed by cell wall anchoring of the pilus that is promoted by the housekeeping sortase. here, we present molecular genetic and biochemical studies of a heterotrimeric pilus in corynebacterium diphtheriae, uncovering the ... | 2008 | 18779588 |
| comparison of four molecular typing methods for characterization of corynebacterium diphtheriae and determination of transcontinental spread of c. diphtheriae based on bsteii rrna gene profiles. | the diphtheria epidemic in the russian federation in the 1990s made diphtheria a focus of global concern once again. the development of rapid and reproducible typing methods for the molecular characterization of corynebacterium diphtheriae has become a priority in order to be able to monitor the spread of this important pathogen on a global scale. we report on a comparison of four molecular typing methods (ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [pfge], random amplification of polymorphic d ... | 2008 | 18784317 |
| antimicrobial resistance among brazilian corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. | the increasing problems with multidrug resistance in relation to corynebacterium, including c. diphtheriae, are examples of challenges confronting many countries. for this reason, brazilian c. diphtheriae strains were evaluated by the e-test for their susceptibility to nine antibacterial drugs used in therapy. resistance (mic < 0.002; 0.38 microg/ml) to penicillin g was found in 14.8% of the strains tested. although erythromycin (mic90 0.75 microg/ml) and azithromycin (mic90 0.064 microg/ml) wer ... | 2008 | 18797769 |
| implications from predictions of hla-drb1 binding peptides in the membrane proteins of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | the aerobic gram positive bacterium corynebacterium diphtheriae causes diphtheria, a respiratory tract illness characterized by symptoms such as sore throat, low fever, and an adherent membrane on the tonsils, pharynx, and/or nasal cavity. therefore, it is important to develop preventive vaccines for diphtheria. the availability of the 2,488,635 bp long complete sequence for the c. diphtheriae genome provides an opportunity to understand cell mediated immune response using computational biology ... | 2008 | 19238246 |
| potential pathogenic role of aggregative-adhering corynebacterium diphtheriae of different clonal groups in endocarditis. | invasive diseases caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae have been described increasingly. several reports indicate the destructive feature of endocarditis attributable to nontoxigenic strains. however, few reports have dealt with the pathogenicity of invasive strains. the present investigation demonstrates a phenotypic trait that may be used to identify potentially invasive strains. the study also draws attention to clinical and microbiological aspects observed in 5 cases of endocarditis due to ... | 2008 | 19099151 |
| [types of corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in poland in 2004-2008]. | biotyping and genotyping were performed for corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated from humans in poland during last several years. all the strains belonged to the same biotype and genetic clone. similar situation has not yet been described in international literature, although nontoxigenic c. diphtheriae strains have been isolated more frequently in developed countries. however, strains isolated and investigated in other countries revealed heterogeneity of biotypes and genotypes. | 2008 | 19143171 |
| [immunization of adult population of russia against diphtheria in 2006-2007]. | the vaccination coverage against diphtheria in the adult population of russia in 2006-2007 was analyzed in different age, professional and social groups and reasons of absent immunization. vaccination coverage in adults was 95.3%, of them 92.5% were boosted (i.e. completely immunized) and only 7.5% were in process of vaccination. vaccination coverage was high in the majority of regions. mean vaccination coverage in adults aged 25-49 ages was 96.2-96.5% whereas in adults > or =50 years it was low ... | 2008 | 19186541 |
| [identification of heterologous antitoxin in sera of patients with diphtheria]. | using immobilized diphtheria toxin and peroxidase conjugate of monoclonal antibodies to light chains of equine immunoglobulin a method of quantification of equine antibodies against diphtheria in sera of patients after serotherapy was developed. the sensitivity of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 0.0005 iu/ml, and coefficient of variation did not exceed 10%. it was shown that in patients with toxic diphtheria heterologous antitoxin is eliminated within 4-6 weeks. level of anti-diph ... | 2008 | 19186546 |
| conservative management of upper eyelid entropion. | the authors report for the first time two cases of upper eyelid entropion secondary to neonatal conjunctivitis that resolved spontaneously following the insertion of a bandage contact lens. previous reports advocate early surgical intervention to correct the eyelid abnormality and prevent any permanent corneal scarring and visual loss. | 2008 | 19043953 |
| immunogenicity, reactogenicity and consistency of production of a brazilian combined vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and haemophilus influenzae type b. | a randomized, double-blinded study evaluating the immunogenicity, safety and consistency of production of a combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine entirely produced in brazil by bio-manguinhos and instituto butantan (dtp/hib-bm) was undertaken. the reference vaccine had the same dtp vaccine but the hib component was produced using purified materials supplied by glaxosmithkline (dtp/hib-gsk), which is registered and has supplied the brazilian national immuniza ... | 2008 | 19057823 |
| regulation and activity of a zinc uptake regulator, zur, in corynebacterium diphtheriae. | regulation of metal ion homeostasis is essential to bacterial cell survival, and in most species it is controlled by metal-dependent transcriptional regulators. in this study, we describe a corynebacterium diphtheriae ferric uptake regulator-family protein, zur, that controls expression of genes involved in zinc uptake. by measuring promoter activities and mrna levels, we demonstrate that zur represses transcription of three genes (zrg, cmra, and troa) in zinc-replete conditions. all three of th ... | 2009 | 19074382 |
| novel macroarray-based method of corynebacterium diphtheriae genotyping: evaluation in a field study in belarus. | in this study, we evaluated a novel macroarray-based spoligotyping method for corynebacterium diphtheriae strain typing. a total of 20 c. diphtheriae biotype gravis toxigenic isolates collected in belarus from suspected foci of diphtheria infection (diphtheria cases, carriers, or contacts) were subjected to dna fingerprinting. all strains had an identical ribotyping profile that was identified as ribotype 'rossija' by comparison with the international ribotype database at the institut pasteur of ... | 2009 | 19089478 |
| htaa is an iron-regulated hemin binding protein involved in the utilization of heme iron in corynebacterium diphtheriae. | many human pathogens, including corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative agent of diphtheria, use host compounds such as heme and hemoglobin as essential iron sources. in this study, we examined the corynebacterium hmu hemin transport region, a genetic cluster that contains the hmutuv genes encoding a previously described abc-type hemin transporter and three additional genes, which we have designated htaa, htab, and htac. the hmu gene cluster is composed of three distinct transcriptional units ... | 2009 | 19201805 |
| development and use of a selectable, broad-host-range reporter transposon for identifying environmentally regulated promoters in bacteria. | this report describes the development and use of tnknxsp, a selectable broad-host-range reporter transposon with a promoterless apha gene. insertion of tnknxsp into the chromosome of a kanamycin-susceptible bacterium confers resistance to kanamycin only if apha is transcribed from an active promoter adjacent to the insertion site. we designed tnknxsp as a tool for identifying environmentally regulated promoters in bacteria and developed general methods for initial characterization of any tnknxsp ... | 2009 | 19146571 |
| a simple mycobacterial monomycolated glycerol lipid has potent immunostimulatory activity. | it is a long held belief that the strong immunostimulatory activity of the mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin vaccine and freund's complete adjuvant is due to specific mycobacterial cell envelope components, such as lipids and polysaccharides. implicated mycobacterial lipids include, among others, the so-called cord factor or trehalose dimycolate, but limited information is available regarding the precise molecular nature of the stimulatory components responsible for the interaction wi ... | 2009 | 19109174 |
| the oligomeric assembly of the novel haem-degrading protein hbps is essential for interaction with its cognate two-component sensor kinase. | hbps, a novel protein of previously unknown function from streptomyces reticuli, is up-regulated in response to haemin- and peroxide-based oxidative stress and interacts with the sens/senr two-component signal transduction system. in this study, we report the high-resolution crystal structures (2.2 and 1.6 a) of octomeric hbps crystallized in the presence and in the absence of haem and demonstrate that iron binds to surface-exposed lysine residues of an octomeric assembly. based on an analysis o ... | 2009 | 19244623 |
| bioactive metabolites from spilanthes acmella murr. | spilanthes acmella murr. (compositae) has been used as a traditional medicine for toothache, rheumatism and fever. its extracts had been shown to exhibit vasorelaxant and antioxidant activities. herein, its antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were evaluated. agar dilution method assays against 27 strains of microorganisms were performed. results showed that fractions from the chloroform and methanol extracts inhibited the growth of many tested organisms, e.g. corynebacterium diph ... | 2009 | 19255544 |
| expression of a multi-epitope dpt fusion protein in transplastomic tobacco plants retains both antigenicity and immunogenicity of all three components of the functional oligomer. | expression of genes in plant chloroplasts provides an opportunity for enhanced production of target proteins. we report the introduction and expression of a fusion dpt protein containing immunoprotective exotoxin epitopes of corynebacterium diphtheriae, bordetella pertussis, and clostridium tetani in tobacco chloroplasts. using biolistic-mediated transformation, a plant-optimized synthetic dpt gene was successfully transferred to tobacco plastomes. putative transplastomic t0 plants were identifi ... | 2009 | 19306020 |
| [polymorphism of tox and dtxr genes in circulating strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae]. | polymorphism of tox and dtxr genes responsible for diphtheria toxin synthesis was revealed. seven point mutations in tox gene were detected; study of their combinations allowed to determine 10 allelic variants of the tox gene in c. diphtheriae strains. majority of mutations did not lead to changes in substitutions in amino acid sequence of diphtheria toxin. in tox gene from 2 strains of mitis biovar, ribotype "otchakov" isolated in saint-petersburg, mutation in position 1252 (g --> c), which cor ... | 2009 | 19340963 |
| diphtheria: a zoonotic disease in france? | thanks to vaccination, diphtheria has almost disappeared in france. the case definition, used for mandatory notification, was expanded in 2003 to include toxin-producing strains of corynebacterium ulcerans. we describe the epidemiology of diphtheria in france from 1990 to 2008. no cases occurred between 1990 and 2001. since 2002, 19 cases have been reported: 4 cases due to corynebacterium diphtheriae related to exposure in endemic countries, and 15 cases due to other corynebacteria, including 4 ... | 2009 | 19393707 |
| decreased sensitivity to changes in the concentration of metal ions as the basis for the hyperactivity of dtxr(e175k). | the metal-ion-activated diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) is responsible for the regulation of virulence and other genes in corynebacterium diphtheriae. a single point mutation in dtxr, dtxr(e175k), causes this mutant repressor to have a hyperactive phenotype. mice infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis transformed with plasmids carrying this mutant gene show reduced signs of the tuberculosis infection. corynebacterial dtxr is able to complement mycobacterial ider and vice versa. to date, an e ... | 2009 | 19433095 |
| [influence of polyoxydonium on adhesive properties of corynebacterium diphtheriae]. | to study the ability of polyoxydonium (po) to influence on adhesive properties of c. diphtheriae. | 2009 | 19459470 |
| generation of plant-derived recombinant dtp subunit vaccine. | the current diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (dtp) pediatric vaccine is produced from the corresponding pathogenic bacteria corynebacterium diphtheriae, clostridium tetani and bordetella pertussis; five injected doses of dtap (acellular) vaccine are required for every child in the standard us vaccination schedule. because the vaccine is derived from native live sources, adverse effects are possible and production is complex and costly. to address issues of safety, ease of renewability and expense, w ... | 2009 | 19464556 |
| heme-dependent autophosphorylation of a heme sensor kinase, chrs, from corynebacterium diphtheriae reconstituted in proteoliposomes. | corynebacterium diphteriae employs the response regulator, chra, and the sensor kinase, chrs, of a two-component signal transduction system to utilize host heme iron. although chrs is predicted to encode a heme sensor, the sensing mechanism remains to be characterized. in this report, chrs expressed in eshcherichia coli membranes was solubilized and purified using decylmaltoside. chrs protein incorporated into proteoliposomes catalyzed heme-dependent autophosphorylation by atp. other metalloporp ... | 2009 | 19505463 |
| quantitative high-throughput screening identifies inhibitors of anthrax-induced cell death. | here, we report the results of a quantitative high-throughput screen (qhts) measuring the endocytosis and translocation of a beta-lactamase-fused-lethal factor and the identification of small molecules capable of obstructing the process of anthrax toxin internalization. several small molecules protect raw264.7 macrophages and cho cells from anthrax lethal toxin and protected cells from an lf-pseudomonas exotoxin fusion protein and diphtheria toxin. further efforts demonstrated that these compoun ... | 2009 | 19540764 |
| efficacy of diphtheria and tetanus vaccination in gaza, palestine. | this study evaluated the effectiveness and usefulness of vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus in different age groups in gaza, palestine. blood samples were collected from 180 children aged <12 years, 90 males and 90 females. using elisa methods, the efficacy of vaccination was estimated at 87.8% for diphtheria and 98.3% for tetanus. mean serum titres varied significantly by age group: for diphtheria 0.24 iu/ml at age 2-4 years, 0.63 iu/ml at 7-8 years and 0.46 iu/ml at 11-12 years, and fo ... | 2009 | 19554974 |
| acyl enzyme intermediates in sortase-catalyzed pilus morphogenesis in gram-positive bacteria. | in gram-positive bacteria, covalently linked pilus polymers are assembled by a specific transpeptidase enzyme called pilus-specific sortase. this sortase is postulated to cleave the lpxtg motif of a pilin precursor between threonine and glycine and to form an acyl enzyme intermediate with the substrate. pilus polymerization is believed to occur through the resolution of this intermediate upon specific nucleophilic attack by the conserved lysine located within the pilin motif of another pilin mon ... | 2009 | 19592583 |
| expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of spaa, a major pilin from corynebacterium diphtheriae. | bacterial pili are cell-surface organelles that are critically involved in adhesion to host cells, leading to the colonization of host tissues and the establishment of infections. whereas the pili of gram-negative bacteria have been extensively studied, those of gram-positive bacteria came to light only recently after the discovery and characterization of corynebacterium diphtheriae pili. these newly discovered pili are formed by the covalent polymerization of pilin subunits catalyzed by sortase ... | 2009 | 19652344 |
| a new, simple, rapid test for detection of dnase activity of microorganisms: dnase tube test. | the dnase test is a simple, economical method that has traditionally been used as a supplemental test to identify pathogenic staphylococcus. this test also aids in the differentiation of closely-related genera within the klebsiella-enterobacter-serratia division of enterobacteriaceae and several other pathogens, including screening of c. diphtheriae. currently dnase activity of microorganisms was tested using dnase agar plate methods. these tests have some drawbacks including the necessity of th ... | 2009 | 19700923 |
| the corynebacterium diphtheriae shaft pilin spaa is built of tandem ig-like modules with stabilizing isopeptide and disulfide bonds. | cell-surface pili are important virulence factors that enable bacterial pathogens to adhere to specific host tissues and modulate host immune response. relatively little is known about the structure of gram-positive bacterial pili, which are built by the sortase-catalyzed covalent crosslinking of individual pilin proteins. here we report the 1.6-a resolution crystal structure of the shaft pilin component spaa from corynebacterium diphtheriae, revealing both common and unique features. the spaa p ... | 2009 | 19805181 |
| detection and hazard assessment of pathogenic microorganisms in medical wastes. | this study was undertaken to investigate the types and concentrations of microbial agents in various medical wastes as well as to characterize their survivals in these wastes at different temperatures for microbial risk assessment. medical wastes collected from 5 major hospitals in south korea were classified and stored at three different temperatures (-20, 6, and 30 degrees c). presence of various microorganisms such as pathogenic viruses and bacteria were investigated by both cultivation and b ... | 2009 | 19827491 |
| international external quality assurance for laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria. | the diphtheria surveillance network (dipnet) encompassing national diphtheria reference centers from 25 european countries is a dedicated surveillance network recognized by the european commission. a key dipnet objective is the quality assessment of microbiological procedures for diphtheria across the european union and beyond. a detailed questionnaire on the level of reference laboratory services and an external quality assessment (eqa) panel comprising six simulated throat specimens were sent ... | 2009 | 19828749 |
| [features of biologic characteristics of corynebacterium diphtheriae circulating in postepidemic period]. | to study main biologic characteristics of c. diphtheriae strains circulating in north-west region of russia for the last 15 years. | 2009 | 19623714 |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae as an emerging pathogen in nephrostomy catheter-related infection: evaluation of traits associated with bacterial virulence. | corynebacterium diphtheriae still represents a global medical challenge, particularly due to the significant number of individuals susceptible to diphtheria and the emergence of non-toxigenic strains as the causative agents of invasive infections. in this study, we characterized the clinical and microbiological features of what we believe to be the first case of c. diphtheriae infection of a percutaneous nephrostomy catheter insertion site in an elderly patient with a fatal bladder cancer. moreo ... | 2009 | 19628642 |
| a case of afebrile pneumonia caused by non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 2009 | 19628919 | |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae: genome diversity, population structure and genotyping perspectives. | the epidemic re-emergence of diphtheria in russia and the newly independent states (nis) of the former soviet union in the 1990s demonstrated the continued threat of this thought to be rare disease. the bacteriophage encoded toxin is a main virulence factor of corynebacterium diphtheriae, however, an analysis of the first complete genome sequence of c. diphtheriae revealed a recent acquisition of other pathogenicity factors including iron-uptake systems, adhesins and fimbrial proteins as indeed ... | 2009 | 19007916 |
| [axillary lymphadenitis due to corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in a 63-year-old patient]. | a 63-year-old woman living in a rural area presented in 2004 with a granulomatous necrotizing axillary lymphadenitis caused by corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, a gram positive bacillus belonging to the group of corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is found primarily in animal infections. in the human being, around 30 cases of infection due to c. pseudotuberculosis have been described, mainly among people working in contact with infected animals. for this reason, this infection, which induces ex ... | 2009 | 19013041 |
| [a woman with cutaneous diphtheria]. | a 67-year-old woman had multiple ulcers due to cutaneous diphtheria, following a trip to the philippines. | 2009 | 20712914 |
| [wound care with essential oils after enucleation of a chronic abscess]. | advances in wound care over the past years have led to a growing number of products, techniques and interventions which are extremely costly and tend to neglect the individual patient and their specific needs. | 2009 | 20090353 |