Publications

[air-borne microbes in the vicinity of sewage treatment plants].	measurements of air-borne germs were conducted over one year at several sewage treatment plants with different loads and sewage treatment methods. the investigations were intended to show possible air-borne loads in the sewage treatment plants and their immediate vicinity, taking into account different climatic conditions. the results lead to the conclusion that neighboring residential areas or factories in the vicinity of sewage treatment plants are not exposed to air-borne hazards.	1986	3087103
in vitro and in vivo studies of imipenem-cilastatin alone and in combination with gentamicin against listeria monocytogenes.	imipenem was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo activities alone and in combination with gentamicin against a clinical isolate of listeria monocytogenes, and the results were compared with the activities of ampicillin with and without gentamicin. in vitro, the mbc of imipenem was fourfold less than that of ampicillin. checkerboard determinations of the mbcs exhibited a synergistic response for imipenem-gentamicin but an indifferent response for ampicillin-gentamicin. in vivo studies with exp ...	1986	3087277
comparative study of serum bactericidal activity of cefotaxime alone or in combination with tobramycin.	the objectives of this study were to investigate the bactericidal activity in serum of cefotaxime alone or in combination with tobramycin against clinical strains and to determine the influence of tobramycin on the pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime. the peak bactericidal activity in serum of cefotaxime alone against klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter aerogenes, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas cepacia, and listeria monocytogenes varied between 1:4 and 1:256. bactericidal activity could still be detec ...	1986	3087282
unusual clinical features of an epidemic of listeriosis associated with a particular phage type.		1986	3087749
effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on protein synthesis in murine peritoneal macrophages: relationship to activation for macrophage tumoricidal function.	early biochemical events in the response of murine peritoneal macrophages to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) have been examined (i.e., 0-4 hr after initiation of treatment). at concentrations of 10 ng/ml or less, lps stimulated the new or enhanced synthesis of a series of at least six polypeptides of 85, 80, 75, 65, 57, and 38 kd. this effect was dependent upon the lipid a moiety of lps as lipid a itself could induce the changes and the effect of lps could be blocked by inclusion of polymixin ...	1986	3087999
microplate technique to determine hemolytic activity for routine typing of listeria strains.	because the hemolysis produced by listeria monocytogenes and listeria seeligeri on blood agar is frequently difficult to interpret, we developed a microplate technique for the routine determination of hemolytic activity with erythrocyte suspensions. this microtechnique is a simple and reliable test for distinguishing clearly between hemolytic and nonhemolytic strains and could be used instead of the camp (christie-atkins-munch-petersen) test with staphylococcus aureus in the routine typing of li ...	1986	3088037
[a case of transient listeria monocytogenes bacteremia recovering without antimicrobial chemotherapy].		1986	3088179
listeria monocytogenes-reactive t lymphocyte clones with cytolytic activity against infected target cells.	lyt-2+ t cell clones were established from listeria monocytogenes-infected mice. the clones secreted ifn-gamma after stimulation with spleen cells from l. monocytogenes-infected mice plus il-2. spleen cells from normal mice were not stimulatory. furthermore, cloned t cells lysed l. monocytogenes-infected macrophages. cytolysis was antigen-specific and h-2k-restricted. these findings suggest a role for specific cytotoxic t cells in the immune response to intracellular bacteria.	1986	3088201
questionable role of mononuclear phagocytes in the elimination of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus from spleens of acutely infected mice.		1986	3088409
genetic control of macrophage responses.	a short review of current concepts concerning the origin and kinetics of monocytes and macrophages is given, and the humoral regulation of monocyte production by fim, a factor synthesized and secreted by macrophages, is discussed. genetic control of the responsiveness of monocyte precursors to fim and that of the phagocytosis and intracellular killing of bacteria is dealt with.	1986	3089100
selective-enrichment procedure for isolation of listeria monocytogenes from fecal and biologic specimens.	a selective-enrichment procedure (sep) was developed to isolate listeria monocytogenes from fecal and biologic specimens. this procedure was compared with direct plating with mcbride listeria agar and 2-, 4-, and 8-week cold-enrichment procedures in recovering l. monocytogenes from mouse fecal, liver, and brain specimens. although the sep occasionally did not isolate the organism from specimens proved positive by the other procedures, the sep isolated l. monocytogenes from about two and five tim ...	1986	3089147
effect of temperature, sodium chloride, and ph on growth of listeria monocytogenes in cabbage juice.	human illness and death have resulted from the consumption of milk, cheese, and cole slaw contaminated with listeria monocytogenes. since the effects of temperature, nacl, and ph on the growth of the organism in cabbage were unknown, a series of experiments was designed to investigate these factors. two strains (lcdc 81-861 and scott a, both serotype 4b) were examined. at 30 degrees c, the viable population of the lcdc 81-861 strain increased in sterile unclarified cabbage juice (cj) containing ...	1986	3089158
listeria monocytogenes neonatal meningitis in the netherlands.	as part of a collaborative study of the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis, the bacteriological data and some clinical features concerning neonates with listeria monocytogenes meningitis were analysed for the period 1976-1982. in this group of 12 patients the case mortality rate was 17%. seventeen per cent of the children weighed less than 2500 g at birth. sixty-seven % of the cases occurred in the absence of any known risk factor. listeria monocytogenes type iv b was isolated in 75% of the ca ...	1986	3089798
evaluation of phagocytic function in mycobacterium lepraemurium infection.	infection of mice with mycobacterium lepraemurium caused significant functional alterations of the mononuclear phagocyte system. accelerated clearance of sheep red blood cells was consistently demonstrated throughout the infection and the infected mice showed progressive anaemia. infected mice showed an enhanced ability to limit growth of phagocytosed listeria monocytogenes in spleens during the early stages of infection, whereas moribund leprous mice lost this ability. autoradiography showed th ...	1986	3090112
the effect of coumermycin on experimental listeriosis.	the in vitro susceptibilities of listeria spp. to coumermycin and novobiocin were tested. coumermycin (0.015-0.12 mg/l) displayed lower minimum inhibitory concentrations than novobiocin (1-2 mg/l). there was only a narrow range of susceptibilities among 52 strains of listeria spp. bactericidal activity, however, could not be found. the in vivo activities of coumermycin were tested in mice. in normal adult mice infected with a virulent strain of l. monocytogenes the bacterial counts decreased rap ...	1986	3090152
effect of increase in macrophage ia expression on subsequent immune response in vivo.	by the use of a culture supernatant containing a lymphokine capable of inducing ia-rich peritoneal macrophages in vivo, we investigated the effect of increased macrophage ia expression on the induction of antibody response to sheep erythrocytes (srbc) in mice. peritoneal macrophages from mice injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with lymphokine 3 and 4 days earlier contained a high proportion of ia-bearing macrophages without any significant increase in their phagocytic activity for srbc. in lympho ...	1986	3090269
t-cell-independent macrophage activation in mice induced with rrna from listeria monocytogenes and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide.	purified rrna from listeria monocytogenes or pseudomonas aeruginosa injected in combination with dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (dda), protects mice nonspecifically against a lethal challenge of various extra- and intracellular bacteria. in the present study vaccination of balb/c as well as c57bl/ka mice with listerial rna-dda resulted in activation of fixed-tissue macrophages, as measured by an enhanced in vivo l. monocytogenes killing in spleen and liver. evidence was found that macrophag ...	1986	3091505
[establishing recommendations for conducting serological tests for listeriosis in hospitalized women with pregnancy complications].		1986	3092471
alteration of phage- and biotypes of listeria strains.	ethyl-methyl-sulphonate mutants of listeria monocytogenes might be different from the parent strain in phage type and in splitting of lactose, maltose, melezitose, sucrose and trehalose. differences were observed in repeated control studies in phage type and carbohydrate-decomposition of 550 listeria strains isolated from a variety of sources (patients, healthy and dead animals). it has been concluded that certain carbohydrate tests are unsuitable for distinguishing biotypes of listeria. an impr ...	1986	3092557
comparison of listeria serotypes and phage types isolated from sheep, other animals and humans.	a total of 814 different faecal, nasal, vaginal and milk samples of 50 healthy cotted sheep was investigated for listeria during an epidemic-free summer season. forty ewes and 5 tegs excreted listeria strains; 18.1% of all samples were positive. a total of 151 listeria monocytogenes strains belonging to serotypes 1/2, 4, 5, 6 and unknown were identified and phage typed. on the basis of the serotype and phage type of the excreted strains the animals could be divided into 7 groups. characters of s ...	1986	3092560
induction of immunotoxicity in mice by polyhalogenated biphenyls.	acute administration of aroclor-1254 (500 mg/kg) or 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexabromobiphenyl (hbb) (2-6 mg/kg) ip, profoundly inhibited the plaque forming response to subsequent challenge with sheep erythrocytes in ah locus positive (c57bl/6n or b6c3f1n) mice. these studies showed: the immunotoxicity results paralleled enzyme induction results insofar as hbb was approximately 100 times more potent than aroclor 1254; neither aroclor nor hbb treatment caused significant induction in the ah locus negative ...	1986	3092783
characterization of three different rat t-cell clones with specificity to listeria monocytogenes: phenotype, specific proliferation, lymphokine production, and protective capacity in vivo.	splenic t lymphocytes from rats immunized with the facultative intracellular bacterium, listeria monocytogenes, were cloned by the limiting-dilution technique. from several clones obtained, three have been scrutinized in detail. as demonstrated by their reactivity to the monoclonal antibodies, w3/25 and mrc ox8, the clones rviic2 and r23d6 are of helper cell phenotype, whereas cells from clone r30d5 express both the helper and the cytotoxic/suppressor cell markers. proliferation of all three clo ...	1986	3093093
the in vitro bactericidal activity of peritoneal and spleen cells from listeria-resistant and -susceptible mouse strains.	two days after listeria-resistant (lrr) c57bl/10 mice were infected intraperitoneally with listeria, their peritoneal macrophages demonstrated enhanced bactericidal activity beyond that seen in susceptible (lrs) balb/c or cba mice. intravenous infection had no effect on peritoneal cell activity. the induction, but not expression, of the enhanced activity was radiosensitive. there was no significant difference between the strains with respect to the number of cells or cellular composition of the ...	1986	3093099
the effect of so2 on the clearance of listeria monocytogenes from the lungs of emphysematous hamsters.	the effect of sulphur dioxide on the clearance of listeria monocytogenes from normal and emphysematous hamsters was assessed by measuring the number of colony forming units recovered from whole lung homogenates. continuous exposure to so2 after intratracheal instillation of listeria significantly altered the clearance of viable bacteria from the lungs of emphysematous but not normal hamsters. preexposure of hamsters to so2 for 2 weeks prior to respiratory infection had similar effects. the emphy ...	1986	3093218
immunopotentiating activities of cell walls, peptidoglycans, and teichoic acids from two strains of listeria monocytogenes.	crude cell wall (ccw), enzyme purified wall (pf), peptidoglycans (pep), and teichoic acid fractions from two strains of listeria monocytogenes (egd and a human isolate) were analyzed by electron microscopy, chemical analyses, and various immunological assays. electron microscopy and chemical analyses revealed that both strains were quite similar. the ccw, pf, and pep fractions were mitogenic for mouse lymphocytes, could activate macrophages in vivo but not in vitro, and stimulated nonspecific im ...	1986	3093383
[short communication about the influence of quinolone derivatives on the immune system].		1986	3093388
in-vitro activity of sch 34343, a new penam, against gram-positive isolates from cancer patients.	the in-vitro activity of sch 34343, a new penam antibiotic, was tested against 257 gram-positive isolates from cancer patients, and compared with that of imipenem and amifloxacin. sch 34343 was extremely active against beta-haemolytic streptococci (lancefield groups a, b and g) with mic90s ranging from 0.025 to 0.05 mg/l. it was also active against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and had variable activity against coagulase-negative staphylococci. mic90 for listeria monocytogenes wa ...	1986	3093447
structural studies on lipoteichoic acids from four listeria strains.	the lipoteichoic acids were isolated from phenol extracts of four listeria strains representing serotypes 4a, 4b, 6a, and 6 to compare the differences in structure of amphiphilic polysaccharides from various serotypes of listeria spp. the lipoteichoic acids from the four strains examined had the same structure in both hydrophilic chains and lipid portions. on the basis of the results of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and smith degradation, the hydrophilic chains were shown to be 1,3-lin ...	1986	3093460
[study of phages used in lysotyping of listeria monocytogenes and proposal of classification by multidimensional treatment].		1986	3093485
the effect of in vivo modulation of macrophage activities on mycobacterium lepraemurium infection.	during the early stage of mycobacterium lepraemurium (mlm) infection in mice, the mononuclear phagocyte system (mps) was activated non-specifically as demonstrated by enhanced listericidal activity. such listericidal activity could be further increased by corynebacterium parvum treatment, indicating that mlm was not a good mps stimulant. corynebacterium parvum treatment conferred only marginal protection upon mice during mlm infection, as shown by the slight but significant prolongation of survi ...	1986	3093543
role of protein kinase c and intracellular calcium mobilization in the induction of macrophage tumoricidal activity by interferon-gamma.	these studies were designed to test the hypothesis that changes in intracellular ca2+ levels and activation of the calcium ion- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase c were required for the induction of macrophage tumoricidal activity by interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). phenothiazines and r24571, known antagonists of calcium-binding proteins and therefore nonspecific inhibitors of protein kinase c, blocked in a dose-dependent manner the induction of macrophage cytocidal activity by either natur ...	1986	3093574
carriage of listeria monocytogenes and related species in pregnant and non-pregnant women in aberdeen, scotland.	the faecal, cervico-vaginal and oropharyngeal carriage of listeria species in 54 healthy pregnant women and 60 healthy non-pregnant women was investigated. samples were cold-enriched at 4 degrees c and subcultured on selective media containing acriflavin, nalidixic acid and potassium thiocyanate. listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the faeces of one pregnant woman (2%) and two non-pregnant women (3.4%). listeria innocua was isolated from the faeces of one pregnant woman (2%) and one non-pre ...	1986	3093591
characterization of listeria monocytogenes-induced murine natural killer cells.		1986	3093607
effect of ammonium metavanadate on the murine immune response.	female b6c3f1 mice were exposed to ammonium metavanadate (nh4vo3) by intraperitoneal injection every 3 d at 2.5, 5.0, or 10 mg v/kg for 3, 6, or 9 w and were then assayed for alterations in immunoresponsiveness. resistance to escherichia coli endotoxin lethality increased in a dose-dependent manner up to 6 w of exposure, while resistance to viable gram-positive listeria lethality was depressed in a dose-dependent manner. comparison of ld20 values indicated a 250-fold decrease in resistance to li ...	1986	3093687
[acute chorioretinitis caused by listeria monocytogenes].	the present paper reports on a case of acute chorioretinitis caused by listeria monocytogenes in a 16-year-old girl. the inflammatory process was brought to a standstill by antibiotic therapy in combination with systemic cortisone administration. final visual acuity in the affected eye was 0.8-1.0.	1986	3093752
chronic zinc deficiency and listeriosis in rats: acquired cellular resistance and response to vaccination.	the functional significance of zinc deficiency on primary and secondary host responses to infection with a facultative intracellular pathogen was studied in specific pathogen free rats. groups of female rats fed either a low zinc or normal diet for 8 or 10 weeks were infected with listeria monocytogenes five days prior to sacrifice. zinc-deficient rats demonstrated thymic atrophy, reduced delayed hypersensitivity responses to listeria antigen, and impaired lymphocyte response of spleen cells to ...	1986	3093828
effect of liposome-entrapped ampicillin on survival of listeria monocytogenes in murine peritoneal macrophages.	the effect of liposomal encapsulation of ampicillin on the antibacterial activity against intracellular listeria monocytogenes was studied by comparing survival of l. monocytogenes within peritoneal mouse macrophages in the presence of free ampicillin alone or in combination with liposome-entrapped ampicillin. in the presence of 50 micrograms of free ampicillin per ml of the incubation medium, intracellular growth of l. monocytogenes was still observed, although less as compared with intracellul ...	1986	3094440
establishment of beta-hydroxy fatty acids as chemical marker molecules for bacterial endotoxin by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.	selected ion-monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for detection of beta-hydroxy fatty acids as an independent assay for the presence or absence of endotoxin in materials claimed to induce nonspecific activation of limulus amoebocyte lysate. to this end, suspensions of gram-negative and -positive bacteria, one fungal species, cerebrospinal fluid, and hollow-fiber hemodialyzer rinses were assayed for endotoxin by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the limulus amoebocyte l ...	1986	3094448
[quantitative bacteriologic studies on experimentally infected laboratory animals. 3. dynamics of germ counts in mice experimentally infected with listeria monocytogenes].		1986	3094474
analysis of macrophage bactericidal function in genetically resistant and susceptible mice by using the temperature-sensitive mutant of listeria monocytogenes.	innate resistance to infection by listeria monocytogenes is genetically controlled and is critically dependent on prompt macrophage recruitment to the sites of infection. experiments reported here were designed to examine whether there was an additional, qualitative difference between the intrinsic bactericidal activity of the inflammatory macrophages of genetically resistant (c57bl/6j) and susceptible (a/j) hosts. to critically evaluate the bactericidal (rather than bacteriostatic) function of ...	1986	3095238
listeria monocytogenes cholecystitis.		1986	3095439
[a case of purulent meningitis caused by listeria monocytogenes type 4c].		1986	3095452
identification of brucella abortus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of cows, goats, and mice with an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunoenzymatic staining technique.	an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunoenzymatic staining technique was evaluated for light microscopic detection of brucella organisms in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. tissues from cows, goats, and mice inoculated with b abortus strain 2308 were examined, using rabbit antiserum to brucella cell surface protein as primary antibody. stained organisms were identified histologically in tissue sections containing b abortus, as detected by bacteriologic examination of duplicate nonpro ...	1986	3096172
selection and characterization of a listeria monocytogenes vaccinal strain of reduced virulence for mice.	in an attempt to reproduce resistance to listeria monocytogenes induced by primo-infection, a vaccinal strain of low virulence capable of affording a good immunity was looked for. after a double mutation in regard to streptomycin, i.e. dependence then reversion to independence, nine strains were obtained from a listeria monocytogenes field strain of low virulence. in addition, five of these reverse strains were made resistant to erythromycin. measure of virulence of the resulting 14 strains was ...	1986	3096186
vaccination against listeria infection in mice with a mutant strain of reduced virulence.	killed listeria monocytogenes (l.m.) or living listeria innocua, being unable to afford noticeable immunity against l.m. challenge in mice, the efficacy of a living strain of l.m. of reduced virulence was studied. this strain was obtained from a field strain of low virulence by successive mutations for streptomycin dependence, reversion to independence and resistance to erythromycin. its protective immunity was checked in mice against iv, sc and intra-gastric challenges. vaccinated mice were pro ...	1986	3096187
method for flow cytometric detection of listeria monocytogenes in milk.	this report describes a method for the detection of listeria monocytogenes in raw milk by flow cytometric analysis of fluorescently labeled bacterial populations. the use of immunofluorescence in combination with measures of dna content by propidium iodide labeling and size by light scattering enabled specific identification of l. monocytogenes from streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcus uberis, staphylococcus epidermidis, and staphylococcus hyicus. additional specific r ...	1986	3096202
stimulation of the mouse monocytes by listeria monocytogenes.	the bacteria of wellshimer's strain l. monocytogenes and their extract (lma) showed in vitro the mitogenic activity which was demonstrated by increased proliferation of normal bone marrow cells and blood monocytes of the mouse strains resistant (c57bl/6) and susceptible (dba/2) to listeriosis. in the same experimental conditions the proliferation of spleen macrophages and resident peritoneal macrophages was not influenced. besides, c57bl/6 bone marrow cells, activated by live or killed l. monocy ...	1986	3096257
synthesis and secretion of interferon by murine fibroblasts in response to intracellular listeria monocytogenes.	listeria monocytogenes, a gram-positive facultative intracellular bacterium, was shown to be capable of infecting and proliferating in murine embryo fibroblasts. during exponential proliferation, the doubling time of the bacterium was determined to be 2.5 h intracellularly, compared with 25 min extracellularly. progressive intracellular growth of listeriae ultimately resulted in the destruction of initially infected cells and the spread of infection to neighboring cells. listeria infection induc ...	1986	3096891
antimicrobial activity of cefmetazole (cs-1170) and recommendations for susceptibility testing by disk diffusion, dilution, and anaerobic methods.	cefmetazole, formerly cs-1170, was found to have antimicrobial activity slightly superior to that of cefoxitin but a clinically usable antimicrobial spectrum that should be considered identical to that of cefoxitin. disk diffusion and dilution test methods with cefmetazole correlated highly (r, greater than or equal to 0.95) with cefoxitin results. the recommended 30-micrograms cefmetazole disk interpretive breakpoints for susceptibility and resistance were greater than or equal to 18 mm (mic, l ...	1986	3097064
non-neonatal meningitis due to less common bacterial pathogens, the netherlands, 1975-83.	in the netherlands, case histories of 160 patients aged more than 1 month, with meningitis due to bacteria other than neisseria meningitidis, haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae were reviewed in order to look for associations between the bacteriological data and the course of disease. the incidence of such cases was about 0.8/100,000/year. escherichia coli and listeria monocytogenes each accounted for about 15% of the cases. the case-fatality rate was 18.8% (gram-negative bacteri ...	1986	3097121
[virulence of listeria welshimeri].	the species l. welshimeri consists of non-pathogenic bacteria. 16 different strains which were characterized biochemically were unable to multiply within adult nmri mice after injection of a high dose of about 10(7) bacteria. even macrophage depleted animals, which were obtained by treatment with highmolecular dextran sulfate, could eliminate l. welshimeri. 5 day old baby mice were resistant against l. welshimeri. l. innocua was as avirulent as l. welshimeri, whereas l. monocytogenes was virulen ...	1986	3097990
thermal resistance of intracellular listeria monocytogenes cells suspended in raw bovine milk.	the thermal resistance of listeria monocytogenes associated with a milk-borne outbreak of listeriosis was determined in parallel experiments by using freely suspended bacteria and bacteria internalized by phagocytes. the latter inoculum was generated by an in vitro phagocytosis reaction with immune-antigen-elicited murine peritoneal phagocytes. the heat suspension medium was raw whole bovine milk. both suspensions were heated at temperatures ranging from 52.2 to 71.7 degrees c for various period ...	1986	3098172
effects of recombinant interferon-gamma and chemotherapy with isoniazid and rifampicin on infections of mouse peritoneal macrophages with listeria monocytogenes and mycobacterium microti in vitro.	the effect of recombinant murine interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) on the growth of listeria monocytogenes for 4 h and mycobacterium microti for up to 3 days in monolayers of peritoneal macrophages from balb/c mice was examined by serial viable counts of cell-associated bacteria. macrophages pretreated with 10 u ifn-gamma per ml were bacteriostatic and with 100 u or 1000 u per ml were bactericidal against l. monocytogenes. addition of ifn-gamma 3 days before infection caused monolayers to be bacteric ...	1986	3098272
growth and thermal inactivation of listeria monocytogenes in cabbage and cabbage juice.	studies were done to determine the interacting effects of ph, nacl, temperature, and time on growth, survival, and death of two strains of listeria monocytogenes. viable population of the organism steadily declined in heat-sterilized cabbage stored at 5 degrees c for 42 days. in contrast, the organism grew on raw cabbage during the first 25 days of a 64-day storage period at 5 degrees c. growth was observed in heat-sterilized unclarified cabbage juice containing less than or equal to 5% nacl and ...	1986	3098397
neonatal listeriosis due to cross-infection in an obstetric theatre.	two cases of neonatal listeriosis following caesarean section are reported. evidence is presented which suggests that cross-infection took place in the obstetric operating theatre. the first case shows the features of early-onset disease while the second illustrates the late-onset pattern. listeria monocytogenes was isolated also from the mother of the first baby. the two neonatal disease patterns are discussed.	1986	3098856
the evaluation of a phage-typing system for listeria monocytogenes for use in epidemiological studies.	a typing system for strains of listeria monocytogenes based on the lytic properties of 28 phages has been evaluated with a set of strains isolated in the uk and tested in a blind trial. the system was highly reproducible and discriminatory, and 64% of all the strains tested could be typed.	1986	3098978
aspects of the epidemiology of human listeria monocytogenes infections in britain 1967-1984; the use of serotyping and phage typing.	strains of listeria monocytogenes from 475 cases of human listeriosis collected during 1967-1984, belonged to one of three serogroups (1/2, 3 or 4). they were phage typed with a set of 28 phages to investigate three aspects of the epidemiology of listeriosis. three patients each had two episodes of listeriosis, 3 months to 2 years apart, with strains of the same serogroup and indistinguishable by phage typing. ten episodes of possible cross-infection between pairs of neonates in the same hospita ...	1986	3098979
monocyte migration explains the changes in macrophage arachidonate metabolism during the immune response.	the profile of arachidonic acid metabolites in resident peritoneal macrophages is distinctly different from the profile of macrophages isolated after an acute bacterial infection. the latter produce decreased prostaglandins e2 and i2 and leukotriene c4 while conserving the synthesis of thromboxane a2. we show here that the initial changes in peritoneal macrophage arachidonate metabolism during the immune response appear to be the result of the large influx of blood monocytes, which have a charac ...	1986	3099288
brain abscess due to listeria monocytogenes: case report and literature review.	listeria monocytogenes is an uncommon cause of brain abscess. of a total of 14 cases of l. monocytogenes brain abscess (one described for the first time and 13 reported previously in the english-language literature), seven (50%) occurred in patients with leukemia and recipients of renal transplants; four (29%) of the cases occurred in previously healthy individuals. common clinical findings were similar to those in brain abscess due to other causes and included fever (57%), headache (57%), and f ...	1986	3099364
inhibition of growth of listeria monocytogenes in vitro, by immunologically activated mouse resident macrophages.	resident peritoneal macrophages, spleen macrophages and kupffer cells isolated from normal cba mice were treated with supernatants from spleen cells of normal or immunized mice, and cultured in the presence of heat-killed listeria monocytogenes. the capacity of the macrophages, infected in vitro, to control the growth of listeria was tested. in macrophages treated with supernatant from normal spleen cells, the organisms multiplied extensively during 24 h but in those treated with supernatant fro ...	1986	3099823
in vitro activity of sch-34343, a new penam, and other antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates from cancer patients.	the in vitro activity of sch-34343, a new penam antibiotic, was tested against gram-positive and gram-negative isolates from cancer patients, and compared to that of 7 other antimicrobial agents. sch-34343 was extremely active against the enterobacteriaceae with mic90 ranging from 0.39 to 6.25 micrograms/ml for citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus spp. and serratia marcescens. it was less active against acinetobacter spp. (mic90 6.25-12.5 micrograms/ml) ...	1986	3100147
evaluation of dairy and food plant sanitizers against salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes.	six commonly used dairy and food plant sanitizers were evaluated against salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes. of these six, two were acid anionic sanitizers, one contained a quaternary ammonium compound, one was based on active iodine, and two contained active chlorine. of the last two, one contained hypochlorite and the other contained active chlorine in organic form. the chlorine-based sanitizers were effective at 100 ppm of available chlorine against both these organisms. the sa ...	1986	3100591
differences in tumor necrosis factor productive ability among rabbits.		1986	3100847
demonstration of listeria monocytogenes with the pap technique in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues of experimentally infected mice.		1986	3101333
antibacterial activity of primycin against multiple strains of gram-positive bacteria.	crystalline primycin was found to be very active in broth dilution assay against staphylococcus aureus (50 strains), staphylococcus epidermidis (77 strains), streptococcus faecalis (76 strains) and one strain of listeria monocytogenes with minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 0.12-0.5 microgram/ml. the activity was influenced by the ph of the liquid medium with greater activity (lower mics) at ph 8 against the majority of strains, than at ph 6 or 7.3. in disc agar diffusion assay bacillus ...	1986	3101392
bacteremia and fungemia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	forty-nine episodes of bacteremia and fungemia occurred in 38 of 336 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome seen at our institution since 1980. there were five types of infections. infections commonly associated with a t-cell immunodeficiency disorder comprised 16 episodes and included those with salmonella species, listeria monocytogenes, cryptococcus neoformans, and histoplasma capsulatum. infections commonly associated with a b-cell immunodeficiency disorder included those with ...	1986	3485396
effect of cyclosporin a on immunity to listeria monocytogenes.	the effect of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin a (cs-a) on immunity to the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes was investigated in unprimed and primed mice. different treatment protocols were followed to evaluate the time dependence of cs-a-mediated immune suppression and the effect of cs-a on immunological memory to l. monocytogenes. the effect of cs-a was observed only during and after activation of t cell-mediated immunity, whereas early resistance exerted by macr ...	1986	3485573
cyclosporine inhibits macrophage-mediated antigen presentation.	the influence of cyclosporine on antigen-specific, macrophage-dependent t cell activation was analyzed in vitro. murine t cell activation by antigens derived from listeria monocytogenes was monitored by the production of interleukin 2. pretreatment (2 hr, 37 degrees c) of macrophages with cyclosporine resulted in a cell population with a markedly diminished capacity to support the activation of t lymphocytes. when cyclosporine-pretreated macrophages were added to cultures of untreated t cells an ...	1986	3486899
the relative difference in anti-listeria resistance of c57bl/6 and a/j mice is not eliminated by active immunization or by transfer of listeria-immune t cells.	in this study, we examined the effects of active and adoptive immunization on the anti-listeria resistance of innately resistant c57bl/6 and innately susceptible a/j mice. although active immunization with a sublethal dose of viable listeria monocytogenes markedly enhanced the anti-listeria resistance of both c57bl/6 and a/j mice, the 100-fold difference between the two strains in innate anti-listeria resistance was not diminished. following immunization with an equivalent sublethal dose (0.1 ld ...	1986	3488261
colony-forming cells and colony-stimulating activity during listeriosis in genetically resistant or susceptible mice.	serum colony-forming activity (csa) and colony-forming cells (cfc) of resistant (c57bl/10 scsn) and susceptible (balb/cj) mice were studied during listeria monocytogenes infection. key findings were also checked in susceptible cba/h mice. prompt, bacterial dose-dependent increases in serum csa were observed in all mice following infection. in response to the same challenge dose, serum csa increased more in susceptible mice, possibly because rapid bacterial proliferation lead to high bacterial nu ...	1986	3488827
effect of acute nutritional deprivation on macrophage colony-stimulating factor and macrophage progenitor cells in mice.	the effect of short-term nutritional deprivation on host defenses and on the parameters of macrophage production was determined in outbred mice. confirming previous data from this laboratory, initial experiments demonstrated that starved mice were relatively resistant to infection by listeria monocytogenes as determined by spleen and liver bacterial counts. the number of macrophage progenitor cells in bone marrow rose slightly during a 72-h starvation period and returned to normal during refeedi ...	1986	3489677
antigen-specific lyt-2+ cytolytic t lymphocytes from mice infected with the intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes.	in vitro expanded t cell lines were used to determine whether antigen-specific cytolytic t lymphocytes are generated after infection with the intracellular bacterium, listeria monocytogenes. spleen cells from infected mice were cultured in the presence of syngeneic accessory cells, listerial antigen, and interleukin 2 containing supernatants. cell lines were greater than 98% thy-1+, l3t4-, lyt-2+. bone-marrow macrophages were used as target cells in two in vitro cytolytic assay systems. the lyt- ...	1986	3489772
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of two oral cephalosporins, ceftetrame (ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (ro 15-8074).	ceftetrame (ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (ro 15-8074), two new orally administered aminothiazolyl imimomethoxy cephalosporins, inhibited hemolytic streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml but were less active against staphylococci than were cephalexin and cefaclor. they did not inhibit s. faecalis, s. faecium, listeria monocytogenes, corynebacterium jk species, or pseudomonas aeruginosa. haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and neisseria gonor ...	1986	3490827
listeria monocytogenes meningitis treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.		1986	3491979
immunomodulatory effect of listeria monocytogenes infection. iii. expression of fc receptor and antibody-mediated cytotoxicity in infected mice.	the level of cells expressing fc receptor and their ability to antibody mediated cytotoxicity was determined in this study. the adherent cells fraction isolated from blood leukocytes, splenocytes and peritoneal cells of listeria monocytogenes infected balb/c mice were rosetted with ab-srbc or srbc. moreover, blood leukocytes, splenocytes and peritoneal cells were incubated with ab-51cr srbc and 51cr srbc as target cells and their cytotoxic activity was assessed by the per cent of specific 51cr r ...	1986	3592939
enhancement of immunostimulating and immunotherapeutic effect of bcg vaccines using listerial endotoxin-like substances.	on the basis of experience with the immunomodulating effect of the endotoxin-like component of listeria monocytogenes, designated factor ei, the time parameters concerning the onset and duration of hypersensitivity induced by listeriae, mycobacteria and their components were compared. their differences, just like different mechanism of their effect, following their simultaneous and repeated administration, furnish means of significantly enhancing the anti-tuberculosis and anti-tumor effect of st ...	1986	3596044
[epidemiological significance of poultry in the transmission of salmonella, yersinia enterocolitica and listeria monocytogenes: investigation of unchecked specimens for sale in the marketplace].		1986	3144708
enumeration of listeria monocytogenes-reactive l3t4+ t cells activated during infection.	a limiting dilution system was developed which allows minimal estimates of the number of listeria monocytogenes-reactive t cells from infected mice. limiting numbers of t cells were restimulated in vitro with accessory cells in the presence or absence of antigen (heat-killed l. monocytogenes organisms) and proliferative responses determined. the responding t cells resided entirely within the l374+, lyt2- (helper/inducer) t-cell subset. l. monocytogenes-reactive t cells were not demonstrable in u ...	1986	3150026
ampicillin-resistant listeria monocytogenes meningitis.		1986	3947246
an outbreak of type 4b listeria monocytogenes infection involving patients from eight boston hospitals.	during september and october 1979, 23 patients admitted to hospitals in the boston area had systemic listeria monocytogenes infection. twenty (87%) of these isolates were l monocytogenes type 4b, whereas only nine (33%) of the isolates serotyped during the preceding 26 months had been 4b. patients with type 4b listeria infection during the epidemic period (case patients) differed from patients with sporadic listeria infection in the preceding two years in that more of the case patients had hospi ...	1986	3954524
in-vitro activity of ru 28965, a new macrolide, compared to that of erythromycin.	the activity of a novel macrolide, ru 28965, was compared to that of erythromycin against gram-positive organisms isolated mainly from cancer patients. ru 28965 was active against streptococci including streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcal groups a, b and g. it was also active against methicillin-susceptible staphylococci, bacillus cereus and listeria monocytogenes. its activity against these organisms was generally equal to that of erythromycin. ru 28965 was moderately active against ente ...	1986	3700283
an unusual case of cutaneous listeriosis.	listeria monocytogenes was identified as the etiological agent in the cutaneous and febrile illness of a 64-year-old male who acquired the organism as a result of contact with the genital tract of a cow while assisting in the delivery of a stillborn calf.	1986	3711288
[listeria monocytogenes meningitis in the adult. study of 10 cases].		1986	3715117
listeria monocytogenes meningitis in aids.		1986	3719486
[infections of the central nervous system in malignant hemopathies].	central nervous system (cns) infections in immunocompromised hosts are often accompanied by subtle disorders because immunosuppression usually decreases the inflammatory response. cns infections in immunocompromised patients are usually caused by organisms different from those found in the general population. the organism causing cns infection in an immunocompromised host can often be predicted if the type of immune abnormality of the patient is known. the common causes of cns infection in immun ...	1986	3726388
listeria monocytogenes endocarditis in a patient on chronic hemodialysis, successfully treated with vancomycin-gentamicin.	a case of listeria monocytogenes endocarditis occurring as a complication of a vascular access infection in a patient on chronic hemodialysis that was successfully treated with a combination of vancomycin and gentamicin is reported. the difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of l. monocytogenes infections, especially endocarditis, in patients on chronic hemodialysis are discussed.	1986	3733226
rhombencephalitis by listeria monocytogenes: onset of symptoms two days after perianal injections.		1986	3733228
fatal listeria monocytogenes meningitis in two previously healthy adults.		1986	3739064
experimental infection of pregnant ewes with listeria monocytogenes.	eight 18-month-old ewes were infected orally with listeria monocytogenes between 77 and 91 days of pregnancy. only one ewe aborted, 10 days after the first infecting dose, at 94 days of gestation; l monocytogenes was isolated from several sites in both its aborted fetuses. two days after the first infecting dose all the ewes exhibited mild illness and pyrexia lasting for two to three days but the ewe which aborted was seriously ill until nine to 10 days after aborting. agglutination tests carrie ...	1986	3739142
listeria monocytogenes: a rare cause of opportunistic infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and a new cause of meningitis in aids. a case report.	a forty-two year-old male homosexual with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) developed listeria monocytogenes septicemia and meningitis. the gastrointestinal tract was the likely portal of entry. the patient was treated with intravenous ampicillin with complete and permanent resolution of his listerial infection. although l. monocytogenes infection has been reported as an uncommon complications of aids, we are unaware of listeria meningitis being previously reported in an aids patient ...	1986	3755910
oxidative and phagocytic functions of macrophages during infections induced in mice by mycobacterium intracellulare and listeria monocytogenes.	the oxidative metabolism (chemiluminescence and h2o2 release) and phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages during chronic infections induced by mycobacterium intracellulare and more acute infections due to listeria monocytogenes were studied. in m. intracellulare infections, macrophage chemiluminescence in response to phorbol myristate acetate (pma) was greatest at around 2 weeks, with a 1 week lag phase after infection, while the pma-triggered h2o2 release was markedly enhanced even ...	1986	3760821
perinatal listeriosis (early-onset): correlation of antenatal manifestations and neonatal outcome.	listeria monocytogenes is an underdiagnosed and underreported cause of congenital sepsis. twenty mother/infant pairs from whom listeria was isolated were studied at the university of southern california school of medicine and women's hospital during the last ten years to delineate antepartum factors indicative of a fetus at high risk for perinatal listeria sepsis. the combination of high maternal leukocyte count, fetal tachycardia, decreased fetal heart rate variability, and, especially, the abs ...	1986	3763068
immunotoxic effects of t-2 toxin on cell-mediated immunity to listeriosis in mice: comparison with cyclophosphamide.	immunotoxic effects of t-2 toxin and cyclophosphamide on cell-mediated resistance were evaluated in mice exposed to listeria monocytogenes infection. mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 4.0 x 10(5) (ld50) or 4.0 x 10(4) (nonlethal) l monocytogenes and were treated with 4.0 mg of t-2 toxin/kg of body weight or 180 mg of cyclophosphamide/kg. the immunosuppressive effect of the toxin and cyclophosphamide was indicated by the rapid growth of listeria and significant (p less than 0.005) incre ...	1986	3767103
toxicity and induction of resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection by amphotericin b in inbred strains of mice.	amphotericin b (amb) treatment before infection with the bacterium listeria monocytogenes prolonged survival of akr mice but shortened survival of c57bl/6 mice compared with survival of untreated infected controls. c57bl/6 mice were also more sensitive to the acute toxic effects of amb than akr mice, as were (c57bl/6 x akr)f1 hybrid mice. spleen cells and erythrocytes (rbcs) from the c57bl/6 and the f1 hybrid mice were both more sensitive to the lytic and lethal effects of amb than corresponding ...	1986	3770945
[results of a national survey on the antibiotic therapy of neonatal bacterial infection due to materno-fetal contamination].	the aim of the study was to overview the antibiotic treatments usually prescribed in the different neonatal units and nicu's for neonatal primary bacterial infections. maternal or neonatal fever, shock, respiratory distress, leuconeutropenia, hyperfibrinemia as well as an increased level in c-reactive protein appeared to be the best clinical diagnosis criteria. before isolation of the bacteria, the most frequently prescribed treatment was a combination of ampicillin and gentamicin. when no bacte ...	1986	3774424
[epidemiologic study of human listeriosis in france, 1984].	to estimate the incidence rate of listeriosis in france during one year, a census of all the isolates of listeria monocytogenes was made in 1984 by the microbiologists of 78% of the french hospitals. 630 cases of listeriosis were registered giving a yearly incidence rate of 11.3 cases for 1 million inhabitants. 353 cases (56%) were perinatal listeriosis (positive cultures for l. monocytogenes from the mother, the child or the placenta). compared with earlier data, listeriosis seems to be more fr ...	1986	3786876
epidemic perinatal listeriosis at autopsy.	seven cases of listeriosis identified at perinatal autopsy are described. the cases occurred during the time of a 1985 los angeles, california, epidemic of listeriosis from suspected food contamination by listeria monocytogenes. in only one of seven cases were gross pathologic lesions encountered. microscopic lesions in six cases consisted of rare, localized microabscesses or granuloma-like lesions in multiple organs and contained histiocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear leukoc ...	1986	3793087
immune protective mechanisms during pregnancy. i. cell-mediated immunity against listeria monocytogenes in pregnant mice.	characteristics of protective mechanisms during pregnancy were investigated using neonatally thymectomized (ntx) and/or pregnant mice infected with sublethal doses of listeria monocytogenes, of which the explosive growth at an early phase of 2 or 3 days after infection is prevented by non-immune macrophages, and complete elimination at a late phase from 4 to 10 days after infection is attributed to the augmented functions of macrophages in co-operation with lymphokine-producing sensitized t lymp ...	1986	3793136
nonneonatal relapsing meningitis caused by listeria monocytogenes.		1986	3797313
listeria monocytogenes cerebritis, bacteremia, and cutaneous lesions complicating hairy cell leukemia.	hairy cell leukemia is a lymphoreticular malignancy characterized by a chronic course and multiple defects in host defense mechanisms. infections are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in this malignancy. opportunistic infections due to pathogens normally controlled by cell-mediated immune mechanisms have been increasingly described but have not included listerial infections. this report describes a case of disseminated listeria monocytogenes infection including the uncommon manifestatio ...	1986	3799637