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abortive infection of bacillus subtilis bacteriophage pbs1 in the presence of actinomycin d.actinomycin d caused the irreversible loss of pbs1 phage infectious centers and pbs1-mediated transductants. the loss of infectious centers occurred only within the first 4 min after the addition of phage to cells. actinomycin did not inactivate free phage or inhibit phage adsorption. electron micrographs indicated that phage adsorbed to cells in the presence of actinomycin ejected their deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) normally. however, when cells were infected in the presence of actinomycin, 15 to ...19694978941
physical and genetic mapping of the spo2 prophage on the chromosome of bacillus subtilis 168.it has been found by density transfer and genetic mapping experiments that prophage spo2 is linked to the antibiotic resistance marker ery-1 in bacillus subtilis 168.19694978943
association between the chromosome and the cytoplasmic membrane in bacillus subtilis. 19694977972
chromosomal location of genes regulating resistance to bacteriophage in bacillus subtilis.many of the viruses which infect bacillus subtilis require glucosylated polyglycerol teichoic acid for adsorption. these mutants can be divided into three classes on the basis of enzymatic defects and growth on galactose-minimal medium. transduction with phage pbs1 reveals that two of these, gtaa and gtab, are linked to hisa1, whereas the gtac locus is linked to argc. analysis by deoxyribonucleic acid-mediated transformation indicates that these loci exist in a cluster between the hisa1 and argc ...19694977981
physical heterogeneity among bacillus subtilis deoxyribonucleic acid molecules carrying particular genetic markers.in a bacillus subtilis deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) preparation, extracted and purified by the marmur procedure, the dna molecules carrying a particular marker are heterogeneous with respect to molecular weight, buoyant density, and thermal stability. this finding constitutes evidence against unique points of breakage during dna isolation. the variation in buoyant density suggests a local compositional heterogeneity in the chromosomal region of certain markers. the variation in molecular weight p ...19694977986
linked transformation of bacterial and prophage markers in bacillus subtilis 168 lysogenic for bacteriophage phi 105.level of competence reached by bacillus subtilis 168 lysogenic for temperate phage phi 105 was reduced compared to that reached by nonlysogenic cells. this effect was probably related to an alteration of the bacterial surface. deoxyribonucleic acid extracted from phi 105 lysogenic bacteria was used to transform other lysogenic bacteria. about 25% linkage was found between the bacterial phe-1 marker and prophage marker ts n15. the order of a few prophage markers relative to phe-1 was established ...19694977990
citromycin, a new antibiotic. i. isolation and characterization. 19694978096
[studies on the influence of bacteria and intestinal helminths of host, taking in consideration germ-free animals. ii. studies on the influence of bacteria on the development of helminths in germ-free animals]. 19694978124
column chromatography of rna and oligonucleotides on denatured proteins. 19694978217
enzymes of the tryptophan operon of bacillus subtilis. 19694978220
[effect of bacillus subtilis on the course of experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs evoked by the strain of drug-resistant bacilli]. 19694978153
[composition and use of bacterial cultures for therapeutic purposes]. 19694978159
mutants with altered dna-base composition. 19694979322
"transcriptional mapping". i. introduction to the method and the use of actinomycin d as a transcriptional mapping agent.the transcription process can in theory be used for genetic mapping on the "intraoperonal" level. we have shown that such an approach, utilizing actinomycin d to create blocks to the travel of the transcription enzyme, is indeed feasible, and the effects of actinomycin d on the synthesis of general pulse-labeled rna are reported herein.19694979328
spectral and dosimetric characteristics of soft x rays for studies in radiobiology. 19694979330
studies on tryptophan synthetases from various strains of bacillus subtilis.1. tryptophan synthetase b of three strains of bacillus subtilis was prepared from ;exo-protoplastic' and ;endo-protoplastic' fractions; the enzyme from ;exo-protoplastic' fraction was purified 30- to 120-fold by ammonium sulphate precipitation and deae-cellulose column chromatography; the latter step separated this enzyme from tryptophan synthetase a, tryptophanase and proteolytic enzymes, but the purified preparations were not stable. 2. the activity of tryptophan synthetase b did not depend o ...19694979348
preservation of the ultrastructure of bacillus subtilis by chemical fixation as verified by freeze-etching.the present study on the ultrastructure of bacillus subtilis was undertaken in order to examine by means of the freeze-etching technique possible structural changes occurring during the chemical fixation procedure (ryter-kellenberger (r-k) fixation). three stages were followed by freeze-etching, viz.: (a) fixation in osmium tetroxide, (b) fixation in osmium tetroxide and posttreatment with uranyl acetate, and (c) fixation in osmium tetroxide, posttreatment in uranyl acetate, and dehydration in a ...19694979363
low temperature dry heat sterilization. 19694979368
[considerations on the pathogenic role of bacillus subtilis. apropos of a case of purulent meningitis]. 19694979400
synthesis of bacterial flagella. ii. pbs1 transduction of flagella-specific markers in bacillus subtilis.the linkage relationship of mutants involved in the synthesis of flagella was determined by pbsl transduction. mutants that affect the structure of flagellin (hag) and temperature-sensitive mutants (flats) that produce flagella when grown at 37 c but not when grown at 46 c were examined. all of the mutants were found to be linked to the hisa1 marker. the flats mutants fell into three clusters. group a contained the majority of mutants which were loosely grouped around the hag locus. group b muta ...19694979438
organization of enzymes in the polyaromatic synthetic pathway: separability in bacteria.ultracentrifugation in sucrose density gradients was employed to estimate the molecular weights and to determine possible physical aggregation of the five enzymes catalyzing steps two to six in the prechorismic acid portion of the polyaromatic synthetic pathway in six species of bacteria: escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, aerobacter aerogenes, bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and streptomyces coelicolor. the five enzymes were not aggregated in extracts of any of the species exa ...19694979440
phospholipid composition of bacillus subtilis.bacillus subtilis contained at least five phospholipids, four of which have been isolated and identified as a polyglycerol phospholipid, probably cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and lysylphosphatidylglycerol. further purification of the latter phosphoglyceride was obtained by high-voltage electrophoresis, and it was shown that this treatment removed amino acid-containing, nonlipidic material from the phosphoglyceride. this associated material, which is not covalently ...19694979443
bacteria-shaped gymnoplasts (protoplasts) of bacillus subtilis.addition of glucose to the medium in which bacillus subtilis was grown lowered the ph and increased the amount of lysylphosphatidylglycerol relative to the phosphatidylglycerol content of the membrane fraction. this change in phospholipid composition was accompanied by changes in the shape and behavior of the gymnoplasts obtained by cell wall removal with lysozyme. these gymnoplasts appeared to retain most of their original cell shape and internal organization, often with preservation of the mes ...19694979444
modification of transcription following interaction of template specific monomers of bacillus subtilis rna polymerase. 19694979457
acquisition of thymidylate synthetase activity by a thymine-requiring mutant of bacillus subtilis following infection by the temperate phage phi 3. 19694979518
methyl anthranilate, an inhibitor for thegermination of spores of aerobic bacilli.methylanthranilate inhibited the germination of spores of aerobic bacilli without affecting growth and sporulation. the inhibition of germination could not be reversed by removal of methylanthranilate.19694979580
thin-layer chromatography on sephadex for the identification of antibiotics. 19694979585
thymidine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase: a phage-induced enzyme in bacillus subtilis. 19694979604
synthesis of dna in phage-infected bacillus subtilis. 19694979605
inhibition of bacterial dna and protein synthesis in bacillus subtilis by phage sp82. effect of changes of temperature on the inhibition. 19694979606
kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of phenyl alpha-maltos- ide by saccharifying alpha-amylase of bacillus subtilis. ii. dependence of the rates of formation of phenol, phenyl alpha-glucoside and maltotriose on the substrate concentration. 19694979925
analysis of an apparent case of "gene-controlled mutational stability": the auxotrophic preemption of a specific growth requirement. 19694979961
[rapid method for the study of percutaneous absorption of antibacterial agents]. 19694979965
[use of a new method for study of percutaneous streptomycin absorption]. 19694979966
gas sterilizer evaluation with sporicidal testing. 19694979976
separation of microbial deoxyribonucleic acids into complementary strands.dna preparations from seven bacterial species and from the e. coli phage t4 can, after denaturation with alkali, be separated chromatographically into two distinct components (l and h) through intermittent gradient elution from methylated albumin kieselguhr columns. the direct chemical analysis of the l and h fractions isolated from dna specimens of the at type shows them to exhibit a high degree of complementarity; but despite a bias in the distribution of purines and pyrimidines, either fracti ...19694980029
structure and functions of mesosomes of gram positive bacteria. 19694980055
effect of bacteria on chemotaxis in the cellular slime molds.the effect of chemotactic substances, secreted by escherichia coli, on the cellular slime molds was studied by deposition of bacteria near myxamoebae populations. droplets of a bacterial suspension and a myxamoebae suspension were placed separately, at predetermined distances from each other, on a hydrophobic agar surface of low rigidity. myxamoebae remained confined inside the droplets, except when they were activated by the bacterial products. the sphere of attraction increased at higher bacte ...19694980065
transcriptional mapping: functional organization of the ribosomal and transfer ribonucleic acid cistrons in the bacillus subtilis genome.the transcriptional mapping method developed previously has been used to investigate the functional organization of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rrna) and transfer ribonucleic acid (trna) cistrons in the bacillus subtilis genome. the sensitivities of the syntheses of these rna species to actinomycin d indicated that (i) large polycistronic groupings of the trna cistrons exist, but (ii) the 16s and 23s rrna cistrons are probably transcribed as individual units, and (iii) each 5s rrna cistron i ...19694980067
gelatin-induced reversion of protoplasts of bacillus subtilis to the bacillary form: biosynthesis of macromolecules and wall during successive steps.protoplasts of bacillus subtilis plated on sdg medium formed l colonies in quantative yield and propagated in the l-form indefinitely. protoplasts or l bodies placed in 25% gelatin medium formed bacillary colonies. details of the reversion of these naked bodies to the walled form are reported here. protoplasts prepared in minimal medium reverted fairly synchronously 3 to 4 hr after inoculation into gelatin, but protoplasts preincubated in casein hydrolysate (ch)-enriched minimal medium were prim ...19694980068
evidence that bacillus subtilis bacteriophage sp02 is temperate and heteroimmune to bacteriophage phi-105.some characteristics of bacillus subtilis phage spo2 which show that it is a temperate phage are presented. wild-type spo2 forms turbid plaques, similar to those of other temperate phages. spo2 lysogenic strains which are resistant to spo2 can be isolated; these strains remain stable lysogens despite the fact that they can no longer adsorb spo2. spo2 lysogenic strains can be grown for many generations in spo2 antiserum and remain lysogenic. phage spo2 plates on phi105 lysogens and phage phi105 p ...19694980071
mechanism of transfection with deoxyribonucleic acid from the temperate bacillus bacteriophage phi-105.bacteriophage phi105 is a temperate phage for the transformable bacillus subtilis 168. the infectivity of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) extracted from mature phi105 phage particles, from bacteria lysogenic for phi105 (prophage dna), and from induced lysogenic bacteria (vegetative dna) was examined in the b. subtilis transformation system. about one infectious center was formed per 10(8) mature dna molecules added to competent cells, but single markers could be rescued from mature dna by a superinf ...19694980072
changes in the cell-wqall composition of a strain of bacillus subtilis grown in a chemostat. 19694980103
initiation and control of dna synthesis. 19694979651
biochemical genetics of bacterial sporulation. i. unidirectional pleiotropic interactions among genes controlling sporulation in bacillus subtilis. 19694979686
comparative ultrastructure of selected aerobic spore-forming bacteria: a freeze-etching study. 19694979698
effect of caffeine on adenylosuccinate lyase synthesis in bacillus subtilis. 19694979710
fate of exogenous bacterial deoxyribonucleic acids in barley seedlings. 19694979716
prolongation of canine kidney-homograft survival by heterologous ribonucleic acid (rna) perfusion. 19694979756
[on the suppression of protein synthesis and stimulation of rna synthesis during the action of some antibiotics on bacillus subtilis mutants]. 19694979790
inconstancy of "constantly" infused penicillin. 19694979863
the integration of donor and recipient deoxyribonucleic acid during transformation of bacillus subtilis.1. dna labelled with 5-bromo[(3)h]uracil was used to transform auxotrophic strains of bacillus subtilis. 2. after various times of incubation, dna was extracted from the transformed culture and subjected to equilibrium sedimentation in caesium chloride gradients. 3. in addition to heavy donor dna and light recipient dna, a component with an intermediate density was found and is believed to consist of a biological hybrid of donor and recipient. 4. the component of intermediate density was isolate ...19694979894
the lack of in vitro photoreactivation of dna extracted from ultraviolet irradiated b. subtilis spores. 19694976714
[residual activity of antibiotics of the penicillin and tetracycline groups during their administration in different concentrations to blood serum proteins]. 19694976741
[on the complex formation of antibiotic-bases with heparin]. 19694976746
two types of binding of erythromycin to ribosomes from antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant bacillus subtilis 168. 19694976759
[evidence for glycogen bound to membranes of rat liver microsome vesicles]. 19694976840
[selection of mutants of bacillus subtilis blocked at the beginning of sporulation. nature of selected mutations]. 19694977153
the dormant spore-specific state of dna and macromolecular synthesis in spheroplasts of bacillus subtilis spores. 19694977158
on the two deoxyribonucleases, k1 and k2, isolated from mycelia of aspergillus oryzae. v. piece-meal hydrolysis of native dna effected by dnase k2. 19694977164
the transcribing strands of bacillus subtilis dna for ribosomal and transfer rna.h(3)-labeled purified 16s and 23s ribosomal rna's and transfer rna's were found to hybridize exclusively with the h strand of the separated complementary strands of b. subtilis dna. these results indicate that these rna's are transcribed in vivo from a strand with a composition similar to that from which messenger rna's are copied and presumably by the same mechanism.19694976948
enzymatic cleabage and repair of transforming dna.single-strand nicks caused by dnase i are capable of inactivating b. subtilis transforming dna. under suitable conditions, the polynucleotide joining enzyme from e. coli and a similar dpn-requiring activity from b. subtilis can completely repair this damage, restore biological activity, and increase the single-strand molecular weight. the rates of inactivation of a single genetic marker and of a four-marker linkage group suggest that a single-strand nick is inactivating even when far from the si ...19694976949
hazards from experimental skin painting of carcinogens. a study based on use of a spore model. 19694976990
[some knowledge on the radiosterilization of drugs. a study]. 19694977040
effects of bacillus subtilis protease, type 8 (subtilopeptidase a), on mannose and galactose utilization by isolated adipose cells. 19694976425
pyrrolidonyl peptidase in bacteria. the enzyme from bacillus subtilis. 19694976433
relationship between transformation frequency and gene function in the histidine degrading enzymes of bacillus subtilis. 19694976265
effect of polyethylene glycol 300 on the viability of bacterial spores. 19694976277
mechanism and factors influencing the veronal inhibition of bacterial spore germination.the inhibitory effect of sodium 5,5-diethyl barbiturate (veronal) on the l-alanine-induced initiation of germination of bacillus subtilis spores was examined. veronal reversibly inhibited the initiation of germination by a noncompetitive mechanism. the inhibition was time-independent and it took place whether l-alanine was or was not allowed to permeate the spore before the addition of the inhibitor. the concentration of the inhibitor and the ph of the initiation system were important factors de ...19694976323
d-tyrosine as a metabolic inhibitor of bacillus subtilis.the d-isomer of tyrosine is a potent inhibitor of growth in transformable strain 168 of bacillus subtilis. a d-tyrosine-resistant mutant of the inhibited strain was isolated which excreted l-tyrosine, had a diminished growth rate, and required l-phenylalanine to attain the growth rate of the wild-type parent. mapping by deoxyribonucleate transformation located this resistance in the gene coding for prephenate dehydrogenase. this enzyme in the d-tyrosine-resistant mutant was insensitive to the us ...19694976465
relationship between glucose utilization and growth rate in bacillus subtilis.the effect of growth rate on the rate of glucose utilization has been examined with a sporogenic and a weakly sporogenic strain of bacillus subtilis by means of the continuous culture technique. cultures were grown aerobically on a mineral salts medium with glucose as the carbon and energy source. during both nitrogen and l-tryptophan limitation, the rate of glucose consumption (milligrams of glucose per hour per milligrams of cells) decreased when the growth rate was decreased. the coupling bet ...19694976466
biochemical studies of bacterial sporulation and germination. 13. adenylate kinase of vegetative cells and spores of bacillus subtilis.the spore and vegetative cell adenylate kinases of bacillus subtilis, purified about 1,000-fold, proved indistinguishable by several physical and functional tests, including polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, deae cellulose chromatography, and specificity toward substrates. adenylate kinase activity in cell extracts, followed throughout growth and sporulation, was found to reach a maximum near the end of exponential growth, remain at that level during sporulation, until shortly before the appea ...19694976471
effect of nalidixic acid on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in bacteriophage spo1-infected bacillus subtilis.the effect of nalidixic acid on deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) synthesis in bacillus subtilis cells infected with bacteriophage spo1 was studied. nalidixic acid had little inhibitory effect on spo1 dna synthesis at concentrations that drastically inhibited b. subtilis dna synthesis. inhibition of dna synthesis, appropriate to the concentration used, was imposed within 1 min after addition of nalidixic acid, suggesting that it acts directly on dna synthesis in both infected and uninfected cells. the ...19694976473
a novel enzyme, dctp deaminase, found in bacillus subtilis infected with phage pbs i. 19694976547
[amylolytic enzymes]. 19694976589
identification of the predominant protein phosphorylated by atp in extracts of bacillus subtilis as nucleoside diphosphokinase. 19694976093
antigenic heterology between flagellin and flagella of bacillus subtilis.the antigenic properties of bacillus subtilis flagella and periodate-treated flagellin were compared by using immobilization-inhibition and diethylaminoethyl cellulose binding assay. the results suggest that there are both unique and cross-reactive antibodies elicited by b. subtilis flagella and flagellin.19694977479
regulation of synthesis of glutamine synthase in bacillus subtilis.a study of the regulation of the synthesis of the enzyme glutamine synthase in bacillus subtilis was initiated. an assay, based on the measurement of glutamo-hydroxamate, was used to characterize the enzyme in crude preparations and in toluene-treated cells. determinations were made of the michaelis constants for adenosine triphosphate, hydroxylamine, and glutamate (9 x 10(-3), 4 x 10(-3), and 2.2 x 10(-2)m, respectively), the ph optimum (7.6 to 7.7), and the stability. the differential rate of ...19694977484
actinomycin d sensitivity of bacteria with simple and complex cell surfaces.the sensitivity of different bacteria to actinimycin d was not related to their cell surface morphology. bacteria with simple and complex surfaces were both extremely susceptible.19694977487
survival of micro-organisms in aerosols produced in cleaning and disinfecting. 19694977536
[study of bacillus subtilis membranes by nuclear magnetic resonance]. 19694977590
fractionation of nucleic acids using polylysine kieselguhr chromatography. 19694977604
the effect of uv light and mitomycin c on the transfection of bacillus subtilis 168 i. 19694977618
[current thoughts on the l forms of bacteria. their relations with the course of infectious diseases]. 19694977627
portable ethylene oxide sterilization chamber.a portable ethylene oxide sterilization chamber was designed, constructed, and tested for use in the sterilization of embolectomy catheters. the unit can accommodate catheters up to 40 inches (101.6 cm) in length and can be operated for less than 4 cents per cycle. a constant concentration of 500 mg of ethylene oxide per liter of space and holding periods of 4 and 6 hr at 43 and 22 c, respectively, were adequate when tested with b. subtilis spores. the estimated cost of construction was $165.00. ...19694977644
transformation of phage-resistance in bacillus subtilis. 19694977685
regulated enzymes of aromatic amino acid synthesis: control, isozymic nature, and aggregation in bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis.several regulated enzymes involved in aromatic amino acid synthesis were studied in bacillus subtilis and b. licheniformis with reference to organization and control mechanisms. b. subtilis has been previously shown (23) to have a single 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate (dahp) synthetase but to have two isozymic forms of both chorismate mutase and shikimate kinase. extracts of b. licheniformis chromatographed on diethylaminoethyl (deae) cellulose indicated a single dahp synthetase and ...19694977689
biochemical studies of bacterial sporulation and germination. xii. a sulfonic acid as a major sulfur compound of bacillus subtilis spores.a sulfonic acid found to be a major constituent of spores of bacillus subtilis was provisionally identified as 3-l-sulfolactic acid. this compound was completely absent from vegetative cells during growth, but large amounts accumulated in sporulating cells just before the development of refractile spores. essentially all of the accumulated sulfolactic acid was eventually incorporated into the nature spore, where it may represent more than 5% of the dry weight of the spore. germination resulted i ...19694977690
biochemical studies of bacterial sporulation and germination. xiv. phospholipids in bacillus megaterium.the principal phospholipids of bacillus megaterium throughout the cycle of growth and sporulation were found to be phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and a hitherto unidentified isomer of glycosaminyl-phosphatidylglycerol. phosphatidylglycerol predominated during vegetative cell growth and then declined as spores developed, whereas diphosphatidylglycerol became more prominent during spore maturation. the latter phosphatide was relatively inaccessible in the v ...19694977691
inhibition of genetic transformation in bacillus subtilis by phenethyl alcohol. 19694977732
temperature-sensitive dna synthesis in a mutant of bacillus subtilis. 19694977733
preferential synthesis of extracellular ribonuclease and some intracellular proteins in actinomycin d-treated bacillus subtilis. 19694977821
restoration of valine acceptor activity by combining oligonucleotide fragments derived from a bacillus subtilis ribonuclease digest of escherichia coli valine transfer rna. 19694977822
the inactivation of bacillus subtilis transforming dna by mutagenic agents. 19694977832
abortion of infection by bacillus subtilis phage pbs-1 caused by actinomycin-d. 19694977836
paraformaldehyde for surface sterilization and detoxification.paraformaldehyde powder, depolymerized by heat, produced formaldehyde gas that was effective in sterilizing laboratory rooms, a mobile laboratory trailer, various surfaces, fiberglass filter medium, and specialized laboratory equipment. a sporulating and nonsporulating strain of bacteria, a virus, and a bacterial toxin were used as test agents. the dissemination procedures and equipment, the assay techniques, and the facilities and equipment sterilized were described.19694977223
potassium requirement for synthesis of macromolecules in bacillus subtilis infected with bacteriophage 2c.a mutant of bacillus subtilis 168 (strain 168 kw), defective in its ability to concentrate k(+) from low levels in the growth medium, was used to study the role of k(+) in the development of phage 2c. both the final burst size and the duration of the rise period depended on the k(+) concentration in the medium. during normal infection (in the presence of k(+)), host deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) synthesis stopped. the synthesis of host messenger ribonucleic acid (rna) continued throughout infectio ...19694977239
mapping of a temperate bacteriophage active on bacillus subtilis.bacteriophage phi105 is a temperate bacteriophage for bacillus subtilis 168. temperature-sensitive and plaque mutants of phi105 were isolated. the results of two- and three-factor crosses with these mutants suggest the vegetative map of phi105 to be circular. the location of prophage phi105 between bacterial markers phe-1 and ilva1 was shown by means of pbs1 transduction. five markers in the prophage were linearly ordered with respect to the bacterial markers. linkage between bacterial and proph ...19694977240
comparison of alpha-chymotrypsin and subtilisin bpn': size and specificity of the active site. 19694977270
requirements for adsorption of subtilis phage sp-50. 19694977296
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