Publications

glutamate limitation, bvgas activation, and (p)ppgpp regulate the expression of the bordetella pertussis type 3 secretion system.	bordetella pertussis is a bacterium that is considered to be highly adapted to humans, and it has not been isolated from the environment. as this bacterium does not utilize sugars, the abundant supply of glutamate in stainer scholte (ss) medium enables b. pertussis to grow efficiently in liquid culture in vitro, and as such, ss medium is a popular choice for laboratory experiments. however, the concentration of glutamate in the in vivo niche of b. pertussis is quite low. we investigated the bact ...	2015	26527639
glutamate limitation, bvgas activation, and (p)ppgpp regulate the expression of the bordetella pertussis type 3 secretion system.	bordetella pertussis is a bacterium that is considered to be highly adapted to humans, and it has not been isolated from the environment. as this bacterium does not utilize sugars, the abundant supply of glutamate in stainer scholte (ss) medium enables b. pertussis to grow efficiently in liquid culture in vitro, and as such, ss medium is a popular choice for laboratory experiments. however, the concentration of glutamate in the in vivo niche of b. pertussis is quite low. we investigated the bact ...	2015	26527639
bordetella biofilms: a lifestyle leading to persistent infections.	bordetella bronchiseptica and b. pertussis are gram-negative bacteria that cause respiratory diseases in animals and humans. the current incidence of whooping cough or pertussis caused by b. pertussis has reached levels not observed since the 1950s. although pertussis is traditionally known as an acute childhood disease, it has recently resurged in vaccinated adolescents and adults. these individuals often become silent carriers, facilitating bacterial circulation and transmission. similarly, va ...	2015	26586694
bordetella biofilms: a lifestyle leading to persistent infections.	bordetella bronchiseptica and b. pertussis are gram-negative bacteria that cause respiratory diseases in animals and humans. the current incidence of whooping cough or pertussis caused by b. pertussis has reached levels not observed since the 1950s. although pertussis is traditionally known as an acute childhood disease, it has recently resurged in vaccinated adolescents and adults. these individuals often become silent carriers, facilitating bacterial circulation and transmission. similarly, va ...	2015	26586694
feline calicivirus and other respiratory pathogens in cats with feline calicivirus-related symptoms and in clinically healthy cats in switzerland.	cats with feline calicivirus (fcv)-related symptoms are commonly presented to veterinary practitioners. various clinical manifestations have been attributed to fcv, i.e. upper respiratory tract disease (urtd), oral ulcerations, gingivostomatitis, limping syndrome and virulent systemic disease. additionally, healthy cats can shed fcv. the aims of this study were 1) to investigate the frequency of fcv in cats with fcv-related symptoms and in healthy cats in switzerland, 2) to assess risk and prote ...	2015	26566897
enzymatic enantioselective decarboxylative protonation of heteroaryl malonates.	the enzyme aryl/alkenyl malonate decarboxylase (amdase) catalyses the enantioselective decarboxylative protonation (edp) of a range of disubstituted malonic acids to give homochiral carboxylic acids that are valuable synthetic intermediates. amdase exhibits a number of advantages over the non-enzymatic edp methods developed to date including higher enantioselectivity and more environmentally benign reaction conditions. in this report, amdase and engineered variants have been used to produce a ra ...	2015	25766433
myxoma virus and the leporipoxviruses: an evolutionary paradigm.	myxoma virus (myxv) is the type species of the leporipoxviruses, a genus of chordopoxvirinae, double stranded dna viruses, whose members infect leporids and squirrels, inducing cutaneous fibromas from which virus is mechanically transmitted by biting arthropods. however, in the european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus), myxv causes the lethal disease myxomatosis. the release of myxv as a biological control for the wild european rabbit population in australia, initiated one of the great experiments ...	2015	25757062
isolation of bordetella bronchiseptica from blood and a pancreatic abscess.	bordetella bronchiseptica is a respiratory pathogen rarely encountered in human hosts. we describe a case of bacteremia and pancreatic abscess caused by this organism. to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of b. bronchiseptica causing intra-abdominal infection in the form of an abscess.	2015	25740781
novel, host-restricted genotypes of bordetella bronchiseptica associated with phocine respiratory tract isolates.	during a succession of phocine morbillivirus outbreaks spanning the past 25 years, bordetella bronchiseptica was identified as a frequent secondary invader and cause of death. the goal of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity and the molecular basis for host specificity among seal isolates from these outbreaks. mlst and pvuii ribotyping of 54 isolates from scottish, english or danish coasts of the atlantic or north sea revealed a single, host-restricted genotype. a single, novel genotype, ...	2015	25627438
endotracheal tube biofilm translocation in the lateral trendelenburg position.	laboratory studies demonstrated that the lateral trendelenburg position (ltp) is superior to the semirecumbent position (srp) in the prevention of ventilator-associated pulmonary infections. we assessed whether the ltp could also prevent pulmonary colonization and infections caused by an endotracheal tube (ett) biofilm.	2015	25887536
effects of vendor and genetic background on the composition of the fecal microbiota of inbred mice.	the commensal gut microbiota has been implicated as a determinant in several human diseases and conditions. there is mounting evidence that the gut microbiota of laboratory mice (mus musculus) similarly modulates the phenotype of mouse models used to study human disease and development. while differing model phenotypes have been reported using mice purchased from different vendors, the composition and uniformity of the fecal microbiota in mice of various genetic backgrounds from different vendor ...	2015	25675094
oligella ureolytica bacteremia in elderly woman, united states.		2015	26079071
diode laser coagulation for the treatment of epistaxis in a scottish fold cat.	we report the case of a 4-year-old, castrated 4.2-kg scottish fold cat with recurrent epistaxis that was unresponsive to medical therapy. diathermocoagulation of the nasal mucosa with a diode laser controlled the epistaxis and there was no significant recurrence of epistaxis during 1 year of follow-up.	2015	26130838
comparison of culture versus quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of taylorella equigenitalis in field samples from naturally infected horses in canada and germany.	a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method (qpcr) was developed and tested for the detection of taylorella equigenitalis. it was shown to have an analytical sensitivity of 5 colony-forming units (cfu) of t. equigenitalis when applied to the testing of culture swabs that mimicked field samples, and a high analytical specificity in not reacting to 8 other commensal bacterial species associated with horses. as designed, it could also differentiate specifically between t. equigenitali ...	2015	26130847
polymorphisms influencing expression of dermonecrotic toxin in bordetella bronchiseptica.	bordetella bronchiseptica is a pathogenic bacterium causing respiratory infections in a broad range of mammals. recently, we determined the whole genome sequence of b. bronchiseptica s798 strain isolated from a pig infected with atrophic rhinitis and found four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) at positions -129, -72, +22, and +38 in the region upstream of dnt encoding dermonecrotic toxin (dnt), when compared with a rabbit isolate, rb50. dnt is known to be involved in turbinate atrophy obse ...	2015	25642712
effect of hypochlorous acid solution on the eradication and prevention of pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, serum biochemical variables, and cecum microbiota in rats.	in this study, hypochlorous acid solution, a weak acid, provided as drinking water to rats, was evaluated for its ability to eradicate and prevent pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, while monitoring its simultaneous effect on serum biochemical variables and microbiota in the rat cecum. the results suggest that the solution could not eliminate the bacteria in the experimentally infected rats; however, the administration of a 10-parts-per-million (ppm) hypochlorous acid solution as drinking water w ...	2015	25736708
studying bordetella pertussis populations by use of snpex, a simple high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism typing method.	large outbreaks of pertussis occur despite vaccination. a first step in the analyses of outbreaks is strain typing. however, the typing of bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis, is problematic because the available assays are insufficiently discriminatory, not unequivocal, time-consuming, and/or costly. here, we describe a single nucleotide primer extension assay for the study of b. pertussis populations, snpex (single nucleotide primer extension), which addresses these problems ...	2015	25568442
molecular characteristics of canine parainfluenza viruses type 5 (cpiv-5) isolated in korea.	three canine parainfluenza viruses type 5 (cpiv-5) were isolated from lung tissues of 3 korean dogs with mild pneumonia between 2008 and 2009. the isolates were fully sequenced and compared with published reference sequences. the size of the genome was 15 246 nucleotides long and no remarkable differences were found when compared with previously published reference sequences. in phylogenetic analysis based on the f and p genes, parainfluenza virus 5 (piv-5) strains were divided into at least 3 s ...	2015	25673911
bacterial community structure in treated sewage sludge with mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion.	stabilized sewage sludge is applied to agricultural fields and farmland due to its high organic matter content. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two types of sludge stabilization, mesophilic anaerobic digestion (mad) and thermophilic anaerobic digestion (tad), on bacterial communities in sludge, including the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. bacterial community structure and phylogenetic diversity were analyzed in four sewage sludge samples from the czech republic. a ...	2015	25921720
direct detection of erythromycin-resistant bordetella pertussis in clinical specimens by pcr.	resistance of bordetella pertussis to erythromycin has been increasingly reported. we developed an allele-specific pcr method for rapid detection of erythromycin-resistant b. pertussis directly from nasopharyngeal (np) swab samples submitted for diagnostic pcr. based on the proven association of erythromycin resistance with the a2047g mutation in the 23s rrna of b. pertussis, four primers, two of which were designed to be specific for either the wild-type or the mutant allele, were used in two d ...	2015	26224847
complement evasion by bordetella pertussis: implications for improving current vaccines.	bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough or pertussis, a highly contagious disease of the respiratory tract. despite high vaccination coverage, reported cases of pertussis are rising worldwide and it has become clear that the current vaccines must be improved. in addition to the well-known protective role of antibodies and t cells during b. pertussis infection, innate immune responses such as the complement system play an essential role in b. pertussis killing. in order to evade this complemen ...	2015	25686752
abstracts.		2015	26096672
structure-function analysis reveals that the pseudomonas aeruginosa tps4 two-partner secretion system is involved in cupb5 translocation.	pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative opportunistic bacterium, synonymous with cystic fibrosis patients, which can cause chronic infection of the lungs. this pathogen is a model organism to study biofilms: a bacterial population embedded in an extracellular matrix that provide protection from environmental pressures and lead to persistence. a number of chaperone-usher pathways, namely cupa-cupe, play key roles in these processes by assembling adhesive pili on the bacterial surface. one of th ...	2015	25641651
identification of putative adhesins of actinobacillus suis and their homologues in other members of the family pasteurellaceae.	actinobacillus suis disease has been reported in a wide range of vertebrate species, but is most commonly found in swine. a. suis is a commensal of the tonsils of the soft palate of swine, but in the presence of unknown stimuli it can invade the bloodstream, causing septicaemia and sequelae such as meningitis, arthritis, and death. it is genotypically and phenotypically similar to a. pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of pleuropneumonia, and to other members of the family pasteurellaceae that ...	2015	26567540
complete genome and gene expression analyses of asaia bogorensis reveal unique responses to culture with mammalian cells as a potential opportunistic human pathogen.	asaia bogorensis, a member of acetic acid bacteria (aab), is an aerobic bacterium isolated from flowers and fruits, as well as an opportunistic pathogen that causes human peritonitis and bacteraemia. here, we determined the complete genomic sequence of the as. bogorensis type strain nbrc 16594, and conducted comparative analyses of gene expression under different conditions of co-culture with mammalian cells and standard aab culture. the genome of as. bogorensis contained 2,758 protein-coding ge ...	2015	26358298
the bordetella secreted regulator bspr is translocated into the nucleus of host cells via its n-terminal moiety: evaluation of bacterial effector translocation by the escherichia coli type iii secretion system.	bordetella bronchiseptica is genetically related to b. pertussis and b. parapertussis, which cause respiratory tract infections in humans. these pathogens possess a large number of virulence factors, including the type iii secretion system (t3ss), which is required for the delivery of effectors into the host cells. in a previous study, we identified a transcriptional regulator, bspr, that is involved in the regulation of the t3ss-related genes in response to iron-starved conditions. a unique fea ...	2015	26247360
abundant toxin-related genes in the genomes of beneficial symbionts from deep-sea hydrothermal vent mussels.	bathymodiolus mussels live in symbiosis with intracellular sulfur-oxidizing (sox) bacteria that provide them with nutrition. we sequenced the sox symbiont genomes from two bathymodiolus species. comparison of these symbiont genomes with those of their closest relatives revealed that the symbionts have undergone genome rearrangements, and up to 35% of their genes may have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer. many of the genes specific to the symbionts were homologs of virulence genes. we di ...	2015	26371554
vitamin d every day to keep the infection away?	within the last decade, vitamin d has emerged as a central regulator of host defense against infections. in this regard, vitamin d triggers effective antimicrobial pathways against bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens in cells of the human innate immune system. however, vitamin d also mediates potent tolerogenic effects: it is generally believed that vitamin d attenuates inflammation and acquired immunity, and thus potentially limits collateral tissue damage. nevertheless, several studies indic ...	2015	26035244
perioperative microbiologic monitoring of sputum on postoperative day one as a predictor of pneumonia after hepatectomy.	the purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate microbial examination of sputum on postoperative day one (pod1) and to determine risk factors for postoperative pneumonia (pop) after hepatectomy.	2015	26105551
mechanisms of bacterial colonization of the respiratory tract.	respiratory tract infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. chief among these are infections involving the lower airways. the opportunistic bacterial pathogens responsible for most cases of pneumonia can cause a range of local and invasive infections. however, bacterial colonization (or carriage) in the upper airway is the prerequisite of all these infections. successful colonizers must attach to the epithelial lining, grow on the nutrient-limited mucosal surface, e ...	2015	26488280
development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification methods for detecting taylorella equigenitalis and taylorella asinigenitalis.	taylorella equigenitalis is a causative bacterium of contagious equine metritis (cem), and taylorella asinigenitalis is species belonging to genus taylorella. the authors developed two loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) methods, te-lamp and ta-lamp, for detecting t. equigenitalis and t. asinigenitalis, respectively. using experimentally spiked samples, te-lamp was as sensitive as a published semi-nested pcr method, and ta-lamp was more sensitive than conventional pcr. multiplex lamp w ...	2015	25829868
contribution of the bact/alert mb mycobacterium bottle to bloodstream infection surveillance in thailand: added yield for burkholderia pseudomallei.	community-acquired bloodstream infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, but microbiology capacity and surveillance limitations have challenged good descriptions of pathogen distribution in many regions, including southeast asia. active surveillance for bloodstream infections has been conducted in two rural thailand provinces for >7 years. blood specimens were divided into two culture bottles, one optimized for aerobic growth (f bottle) and a second for enhanced growth of m ...	2015	25588650
multicenter evaluation of the bruker maldi biotyper ca system for the identification of clinical aerobic gram-negative bacterial isolates.	the prompt and accurate identification of bacterial pathogens is fundamental to patient health and outcome. recent advances in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) have revolutionized bacterial identification in the clinical laboratory, but uniform incorporation of this technology in the u.s. market has been delayed by a lack of fda-cleared systems. in this study, we conducted a multicenter evaluation of the maldi biotyper ca (mbt-ca) system ...	2015	26529504
determinants of bacteriological outcomes in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	changes in sputum microbiology following antibiotic treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd), including patterns of bacteriological relapse and superinfection are not well understood. sputum microbiology at exacerbation is not routinely performed, but pathogen presence and species are determinants of outcomes. therefore, we determined whether baseline clinical factors could predict the presence of bacterial pathogens at exacerbation. bacterial eradicatio ...	2015	26370552
determinants of bacteriological outcomes in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	changes in sputum microbiology following antibiotic treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd), including patterns of bacteriological relapse and superinfection are not well understood. sputum microbiology at exacerbation is not routinely performed, but pathogen presence and species are determinants of outcomes. therefore, we determined whether baseline clinical factors could predict the presence of bacterial pathogens at exacerbation. bacterial eradicatio ...	2015	26370552
the origin and evolution of baeyer-villiger monooxygenases (bvmos): an ancestral family of flavin monooxygenases.	the baeyer-villiger monooxygenases (bvmos) are enzymes belonging to the "class b" of flavin monooxygenases and are capable of performing exquisite selective oxidations. these enzymes have been studied from a biotechnological perspective, but their physiological substrates and functional roles are widely unknown. here, we investigated the origin, taxonomic distribution and evolutionary history of the bvmo genes. by using in silico approaches, 98 bvmo encoding genes were detected in the three doma ...	2015	26161776
the type vi secretion system modulates flagellar gene expression and secretion in citrobacter freundii and contributes to adhesion and cytotoxicity to host cells.	the type vi secretion system (t6ss) as a virulence factor-releasing system contributes to virulence development of various pathogens and is often activated upon contact with target cells. citrobacter freundii strain cf74 has a complete t6ss genomic island (gi) that contains clpv, hcp-2, and vgr t6ss genes. we constructed clpv, hcp-2, vgr, and t6ss gi deletion mutants in cf74 and analyzed their effects on the transcriptome overall and, specifically, on the flagellar system at the levels of transc ...	2015	25870231
on the in vivo significance of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial peptides.	antimicrobial peptides (amps) are at the front-line of host defense during infection and play critical roles both in reducing the microbial load early during infection and in linking innate to adaptive immunity. however, successful pathogens have developed mechanisms to resist amps. although considerable progress has been made in elucidating amp-resistance mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria in vitro, less is known regarding the in vivo significance of such resistance. nevertheless, progress has b ...	2015	25701234
a versatile strategy for production of membrane proteins with diverse topologies: application to investigation of bacterial homologues of human divalent metal ion and nucleoside transporters.	membrane proteins play key roles in many biological processes, from acquisition of nutrients to neurotransmission, and are targets for more than 50% of current therapeutic drugs. however, their investigation is hampered by difficulties in their production and purification on a scale suitable for structural studies. in particular, the nature and location of affinity tags introduced for the purification of recombinant membrane proteins can greatly influence their expression levels by affecting the ...	2015	26606682
suicin 3908, a new lantibiotic produced by a strain of streptococcus suis serotype 2 isolated from a healthy carrier pig.	while streptococcus suis serotype 2 is known to cause severe infections in pigs, it can also be isolated from the tonsils of healthy animals that do not develop infections. we hypothesized that s. suis strains in healthy carrier pigs may have the ability to produce bacteriocins, which may contribute to preventing infections by pathogenic s. suis strains. two of ten s. suis serotype 2 strains isolated from healthy carrier pigs exhibited antibacterial activity against pathogenic s. suis isolates. ...	2015	25659110
the variability of the order burkholderiales representatives in the healthcare units.	the order burkholderiales became more abundant in the healthcare units since the late 1970s; it is especially dangerous for intensive care unit patients and patients with chronic lung diseases. the goal of this investigation was to reveal the real variability of the order burkholderiales representatives and to estimate their phylogenetic relationships.	2015	26114111
novel real-time pcr detection assay for brucella suis.	brucella suis is the causative agent of brucellosis in suidae and is differentiated into five biovars (bv). biovars 1 and 3 possess zoonotic potential and can infect humans, whereas biovar 2 represents the main source of brucellosis in feral and domestic pigs in europe. both aspects, the zoonotic threat and the economic loss, emphasize the necessity to monitor feral and domestic pig populations. available serological or pcr based methods lack sensitivity and specificity.	2015	26392898
data from computational analysis of the peptide linkers in the mocr bacterial transcriptional regulators.	detailed data from statistical analyses of the structural properties of the inter-domain linker peptides of the bacterial regulators of the family mocr are herein reported. mocr regulators are a recently discovered subfamily of bacterial regulators possessing an n-terminal domain, 60 residue long on average, folded as the winged-helix-turn-helix architecture responsible for dna recognition and binding, and a large c-terminal domain (350 residue on average) that belongs to the fold type-i pyridox ...	2016	27668276
homologs of the lapd-lapg c-di-gmp effector system control biofilm formation by bordetella bronchiseptica.	biofilm formation is important for infection by many pathogens. bordetella bronchiseptica causes respiratory tract infections in mammals and forms biofilm structures in nasal epithelium of infected mice. we previously demonstrated that cyclic di-gmp is involved in biofilm formation in b. bronchiseptica. in the present work, based on their previously reported function in pseudomonas fluorescens, we identified three genes in the b. bronchiseptica genome likely involved in c-di-gmp-dependent biofil ...	2016	27380521
going beyond the control of quorum-sensing to combat biofilm infections.	most bacteria attach to surfaces where they form a biofilm, cells embedded in a complex matrix of polymers. cells in biofilms are much better protected against noxious agents than free-living cells. as a consequence it is very difficult to control pathogens with antibiotics in biofilm infections and novel targets are urgently needed. one approach aims at the communication between cells to form and to maintain a biofilm, a process called quorum-sensing. water soluble small-sized molecules mediate ...	2016	27025518
surveillance of a ventilated rack system for corynebacterium bovis by sampling exhaust-air manifolds.	corynebacterium bovis causes an opportunistic infection of nude (foxn1, nu/nu) mice, leading to nude mouse hyperkeratotic dermatitis (scaly skin disease). enzootic in many nude mouse colonies, c. bovis spreads rapidly to naive nude mice, despite modern husbandry practices, and is very difficult to eradicate. to facilitate rapid detection in support of eradication efforts, we investigated a surveillance method based on quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) evaluation of swabs collected from the horiz ...	2016	26817981
gut microbiome, surgical complications and probiotics.	the trigger for infectious complications in patients following major abdominal operations is classically attributed to endogenous enteral bacterial translocation, due to the critical condition of the gut. today, extensive gut microbiome analysis has enabled us to understand that almost all "evidence-based" surgical or medical intervention (antibiotics, bowel preparation, opioids, deprivation of nutrition), in addition to stress-released hormones, could affect the relative abundance and diversity ...	2016	28042237
gut microbiome, surgical complications and probiotics.	the trigger for infectious complications in patients following major abdominal operations is classically attributed to endogenous enteral bacterial translocation, due to the critical condition of the gut. today, extensive gut microbiome analysis has enabled us to understand that almost all "evidence-based" surgical or medical intervention (antibiotics, bowel preparation, opioids, deprivation of nutrition), in addition to stress-released hormones, could affect the relative abundance and diversity ...	2016	28042237
development of a fast and low-cost qpcr assay for diagnosis of acute gas pharyngitis.	group a streptococci (gas) are the most common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis and account for 15-30 % of cases of acute pharyngitis in children and 5-10 % of cases in adults. in this study, a real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) based gas detection assay in pharyngeal swab specimens was developed.	2016	27501688
burkholderia contaminans biofilm regulating operon and its distribution in bacterial genomes.	biofilm formation by burkholderia spp. is a principal cause of lung chronic infections in cystic fibrosis patients. a "lacking biofilm production" (lbp) strain b. contaminans gimc4587:bct370-19 has been obtained by insertion modification of clinical strain with plasposon mutagenesis. it has an interrupted transcriptional response regulator (rr) gene. the focus of our investigation was a two-component signal transduction system determination, including this rr. b. contaminans clinical and lbp str ...	2016	28070515
antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic origanum vulgare extract and its major constituents.	oregano is a perennial shrub that grows in the mountains of the mediterranean and euro/irano-siberian regions. this study was conducted to identify the major constituents of the ethanolic origanum vulgare extract and examine the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of the extract but more importantly the contribution of its specific major constituent(s) or their combination to the overall extract biological activity. gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis showed that the e ...	2016	27051475
evaluation of the bruker maldi biotyper for identification of fastidious gram-negative rods.	matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has entered clinical laboratories, facilitating identification of bacteria. here, we evaluated the maldi biotyper (bruker daltonics) for the identification of fastidious gram-negative rods (gnr). three sample preparation methods, direct colony transfer, direct transfer plus on-target formic acid preparation, and ethanol-formic acid extraction, were analyzed for 151 clinical isolates. direct colony transfe ...	2016	26659214
chronic suppurative lung disease in adults.	chronic suppurative lung disease (csld), characterized by a bronchiectasis-like syndrome in the absence of bronchial dilatation, is well described in the pediatric literature. in some patients, it may be a precursor of bronchiectasis. in adults, this syndrome has not been well described. we present four adult patients without obvious causative exposures who presented with prolonged cough and purulent sputum. sputum cultures revealed a variety of gram negative bacteria, fungi and mycobacteria. hi ...	2016	27747039
maximal mid-expiratory flow is a surrogate marker of lung clearance index for assessment of adults with bronchiectasis.	little is known about the comparative diagnostic value of lung clearance index (lci) and maximal mid-expiratory flow (mmef) in bronchiectasis. we compared the diagnostic performance, correlation and concordance with clinical variables, and changes of lci and mmef% predicted during bronchiectasis exacerbations (bes). patients with stable bronchiectasis underwent history inquiry, chest high-resolution computed tomography (hrct), multiple-breath nitrogen wash-out test, spirometry and sputum culture ...	2016	27339787
auxotrophic actinobacillus pleurpneumoniae grows in multispecies biofilms without the need for nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (nad) supplementation.	actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiologic agent of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia, which causes important worldwide economic losses in the swine industry. several respiratory tract infections are associated with biofilm formation, and a. pleuropneumoniae has the ability to form biofilms in vitro. biofilms are structured communities of bacterial cells enclosed in a self-produced polymer matrix that are attached to an abiotic or biotic surface. virtually all bacteria can grow as a biofi ...	2016	27349384
intramacrophage infection reinforces the virulence of edwardsiella tarda.	edwardsiella tarda is an important pathogenic bacterium that can replicate in macrophages. however, how the intramacrophage infection process affects the virulence of this bacterium is essentially unknown. here, we show that e. tarda replicates and induces a caspase-1-dependent cell pyroptosis in a murine macrophage model. via pyroptosis, intracellular e. tarda escapes to the extracellular milieu, forming a unique bacterial population. being different from the bacteria cultured alone, this uniqu ...	2016	26953340
bacterial evasion of host antimicrobial peptide defenses.	antimicrobial peptides (amps), also known as host defense peptides, are small naturally occurring microbicidal molecules produced by the host innate immune response that function as a first line of defense to kill pathogenic microorganisms by inducing deleterious cell membrane damage. amps also possess signaling and chemoattractant activities and can modulate the innate immune response to enhance protective immunity or suppress inflammation. human pathogens have evolved defense molecules and str ...	2016	26999396
abstracts.		2016	27243148
rainbow vectors for broad-range bacterial fluorescence labeling.	since their discovery, fluorescent proteins have been widely used to study protein function, localization or interaction, promoter activity and regulation, drug discovery or for non-invasive imaging. they have been extensively modified to improve brightness, stability, and oligomerization state. however, only a few studies have focused on understanding the dynamics of fluorescent proteins expression in bacteria. in this work, we developed a set plasmids encoding 12 fluorescent proteins for bacte ...	2016	26937640
coincidence detection and bi-directional transmembrane signaling control a bacterial second messenger receptor.	the second messenger c-di-gmp (or cyclic diguanylate) regulates biofilm formation, a physiological adaptation process in bacteria, via a widely conserved signaling node comprising a prototypical transmembrane receptor for c-di-gmp, lapd, and a cognate periplasmic protease, lapg. previously, we reported a structure-function study of a soluble lapd•lapg complex, which established conformational changes in the receptor that lead to c-di-gmp-dependent protease recruitment (chatterjee et al., 2014). ...	2016	28001128
pseudomonas fluorescens filamentous hemagglutinin, an iron-regulated protein, is an important virulence factor that modulates bacterial pathogenicity.	pseudomonas fluorescens is a common bacterial pathogen to a wide range of aquaculture animals including various species of fish. in this study, we employed proteomic analysis and identified filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) as an iron-responsive protein secreted by tss, a pathogenic p. fluorescens isolate. in vitro study showed that compared to the wild type, the fha mutant tssfha (i) exhibited a largely similar vegetative growth profile but significantly retarded in the ability of biofilm growth ...	2016	27602029
anti-biofilm activity as a health issue.	the formation and persistence of surface-attached microbial communities, known as biofilms, are responsible for 75% of human microbial infections (national institutes of health). biofilm lifestyle confers several advantages to the pathogens, notably during the colonization process of medical devices and/or patients' organs. in addition, sessile bacteria have a high tolerance to exogenous stress including anti-infectious agents. biofilms are highly competitive communities and some microorganisms ...	2016	27199924
assignment of function to a domain of unknown function: duf1537 is a new kinase family in catabolic pathways for acid sugars.	using a large-scale "genomic enzymology" approach, we (i) assigned novel atp-dependent four-carbon acid sugar kinase functions to members of the duf1537 protein family (domain of unknown function; pfam families pf07005 and pf17042) and (ii) discovered novel catabolic pathways for d-threonate, l-threonate, and d-erythronate. the experimentally determined ligand specificities of several solute binding proteins (sbps) for trap (tripartite atp-independent permease) transporters for four-carbon acids ...	2016	27402745
co-regulation of iron metabolism and virulence associated functions by iron and xibr, a novel iron binding transcription factor, in the plant pathogen xanthomonas.	abilities of bacterial pathogens to adapt to the iron limitation present in hosts is critical to their virulence. bacterial pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to coordinately regulate iron metabolism and virulence associated functions to maintain iron homeostasis in response to changing iron availability in the environment. in many bacteria the ferric uptake regulator (fur) functions as transcription factor that utilize ferrous form of iron as cofactor to regulate transcription of iron me ...	2016	27902780
immune homeostatic macrophages programmed by the bacterial surface protein nhha potentiate nasopharyngeal carriage of neisseria meningitidis.	neisseria meningitidis colonizes the nasopharyngeal mucosa of healthy populations asymptomatically, although the bacterial surface is rich in motifs that activate the host innate immunity. what determines the tolerant host response to this bacterium in asymptomatic carriers is poorly understood. we demonstrated that the conserved meningococcal surface protein nhha orchestrates monocyte (mo) differentiation specifically into macrophage-like cells with a cd200r(hi) phenotype (nhha-mφ). in response ...	2016	26884432
identification of a new antibacterial sulfur compound from raphanus sativus seeds.	raphanus sativus l. (radish), a member of brassicaceae, is widely used in traditional medicine in various cultures for treatment of several diseases and disorders associated with microbial infections. the antibacterial activity of the different plant parts has been mainly attributed to several isothiocyanate (itc) compounds. however, the low correlation between the itc content and antibacterial activity suggests the involvement of other unknown compounds. the objective of this study was to inves ...	2016	27781070
updates on feline aelurostrongylosis and research priorities for the next decade.	feline aelurostrongylosis, caused by the metastrongyloid nematode aelurostrongylus abstrusus, is an important gastropod-borne parasitic lung disease in cats. infection with a. abstrusus is widespread globally, but the increasing awareness of this parasite and the advent of more sensitive diagnostics have contributed to the apparent increase in its prevalence and geographic expansion. clinical features may range in severity from subclinical to life-threatening respiratory disease. parasitological ...	2016	27387914
monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens isolated from diseased cattle and pigs across europe, 2009-2012: vetpath results.	vetpath is an ongoing pan-european antibiotic susceptibility monitoring programme that collects pathogens from diseased cattle, pigs and poultry. in the current study, 996 isolates from cattle and pig respiratory tract infections were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibilities. non-replicate lung samples or nasopharyngeal/nasal swabs were collected from animals with acute clinical signs in 10 countries during 2009-2012. pasteurella multocida, mannheimia haemolytica and histophilus somni fro ...	2016	27102206
generating chimeric mice by using embryos from nonsuperovulated balb/c mice compared with superovulated balb/c and albino c57bl/6 mice.	the reliable generation of high-percentage chimeras from gene-targeted c57bl/6 embryonic stem cells has proven challenging, despite optimization of cell culture and microinjection techniques. to improve the efficiency of this procedure, we compared the generation of chimeras by using 3 different inbred, albino host, embryo-generating protocols: balb/canntac (balb/c) donor mice superovulated at 4 wk of age, 12-wk-old balb/c donor mice without superovulation, and c57bl/6ntac-tyr(tm1arte) (albino b ...	2016	27423145
simultaneous quantification and differentiation of streptococcus suis serotypes 2 and 9 by quantitative real-time pcr, evaluated in tonsillar and nasal samples of pigs.	invasive streptococcus suis (s. suis) infections in pigs are often associated with serotypes 2 and 9. mucosal sites of healthy pigs can be colonized with these serotypes, often multiple serotypes per pig. to unravel the contribution of these serotypes in pathogenesis and epidemiology, simultaneous quantification of serotypes is needed. a quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) targeting cps2j (serotypes 2 and 1/2) and cps9h (serotype 9) was evaluated with nasal and tonsillar samples from s. suis expos ...	2016	27376336
heterologous expression of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus glycoprotein 5 in bordetella bronchisepticaaroa mutant.	porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is an economically important disease around the globe. protection against this virus remains problematic. here, we evaluated antibody (igg & iga) inducibility of a heterologous prrsv glycoprotein 5 (gp5) expressed in a live attenuated bordetella bronchisepticaaroa mutant strain (bbs-gp5). mice and pigs were primed with recombinant gp5 (rgp5) subcutaneously followed by boosting with live bbs-gp5. as a result, anti-gp5 igg was induced in ...	2016	27349762
clinical assessment of a point-of-care serum amyloid a assay in foals with bronchopneumonia.	despite the paucity of data available, stall-side serum amyloid (saa) assays are commonly used to make diagnostic and treatment decisions in foals with bronchopneumonia.	2016	27296082
medicinal attributes of major phenylpropanoids present in cinnamon.	excessive production of free radicals has been implicated in many diseases including cancer. they are highly reactive and bring about oxidation of biomolecules i.e., proteins, lipids and nucleic acids which are associated with many degenerative diseases. natural products acting as antioxidants have ability to neutralize free radicals and their actions and hence they mitigate their harmful effects. the present study was designed to investigate pharmacological properties viz., antioxidant, antibac ...	2016	27245453
pre-natal exposure to mouse parvovirus at day 5 and 12 gestation does not induce immune tolerance.	parvoviruses have a predilection for rapidly dividing cells such as occurs during embryonic development. potentially, in utero exposure could lead to immune tolerance in progeny mice. to determine if mpv infection in utero results in immune tolerance, pregnant mice were inoculated by oral gavage with 50 id50 mpv1e or sham inoculated with phosphate buffered saline at day 5 and 12 gestation. offspring were fostered to mpv-negative recipient dams prior to development of a milk spot. after confirmin ...	2016	27219540
a functional orit in the ptw plasmid of burkholderia cenocepacia can be recognized by the r388 relaxase trwc.	burkholderia cenocepacia is both a plant pathogen and the cause of serious opportunistic infections, particularly in cystic fibrosis patients. b. cenocepacia k56-2 harbors a native plasmid named ptw for its involvement in the plant tissue watersoaking phenotype. ptw has also been reported to be important for survival in human cells. interestingly, the presence of ptwc, a homolog of the conjugative relaxase trwc of plasmid r388, suggests a possible function for ptw in conjugative dna transfer. th ...	2016	27200362
serum antibody responses to vaccinal antigens in lean and obese geriatric dogs.	the immune responses in control dogs [1 to 4 years of age, body condition score (bcs): 4 to 5 out of 9] were compared to those of aging dogs (based on breed and body size) either categorized as lean (bcs: 4 to 5 out of 9) or obese (bcs: 8 to 9 out of 9). of interest were the serum titers to the following common agents found in vaccines, canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper virus (cdv), canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov), and bordetella bronchiseptica. ...	2016	27152043
bordetella bronchiseptica antigen enhances the production of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigen-specific immunoglobulin g in mice.	we previously demonstrated that bordetella bronchiseptica (b. bronchiseptica) antigen (ag) showed high immunostimulatory effects on mouse bone marrow cells (bms) while mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (m. hyopneumoniae) ag showed low. the focus of this study was if b. bronchiseptica ag may enhance m. hyopneumoniae ag-specific immune response, and also the host immune system can recognize both ags. mtt assay revealed that each or both ags did not significantly change the cell metabolic activity of bms. f ...	2016	27659847
efficacy of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination before and at weaning against experimental challenge infection in pigs.	commercial bacterins are widely used at weaning to control mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in pigs. however, it is not known whether the efficacy of vaccinating against m. hyopneumoniae can be influenced by the weaning process when vaccination is applied at the day of weaning. the present study assessed the efficacy of a single m. hyopneumoniae vaccination (ingelvac mycoflex®) three days before weaning (v1) or at weaning (v2) against experimental challenge infection. four weeks after vaccina ...	2016	27025924
gastrointestinal degradation of fumonisin b₁ by carboxylesterase fumd prevents fumonisin induced alteration of sphingolipid metabolism in turkey and swine.	the mycotoxin fumonisin b₁ (fb₁) is a frequent contaminant of feed and causes various adverse health effects in domestic animals. hence, effective strategies are needed to prevent the impact of fumonisins on livestock productivity. here we evaluated the capability of the fumonisin carboxylesterase fumd to degrade fb₁ to its less toxic metabolite hydrolyzed fb₁ (hfb₁) in the gastrointestinal tract of turkeys and pigs. first, an ex vivo pig model was used to examine the activity of fumd under dige ...	2016	27007395
purification, crystallization and structural elucidation of d-galactaro-1,4-lactone cycloisomerase from agrobacterium tumefaciens involved in pectin degradation.	pectin is found in the cell wall of plants and is often discarded as waste. a number of research groups are interested in redirecting this biomass waste stream for the production of fuel and bulk chemicals. the primary monomeric subunit of this polysaccharide is d-galacturonate, a six-carbon acid sugar that is degraded in a five-step pathway to central metabolic intermediates by some bacteria, including agrobacterium tumefaciens. in the third step of the pathway, d-galactaro-1,4-lactone is conve ...	2016	26750482
severe community-acquired bloodstream infection with acinetobacter ursingii in person who injects drugs.	we report a community-acquired bloodstream infection with acinteobacter ursingii in an hiv-negative woman who injected drugs. the infection was successfully treated with meropenem. species identification was performed by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. improved identification of acinetobacter spp. by using this method will help identify clinical effects of this underdiagnosed pathogen.	2016	26689082
factors associated with development of canine infectious respiratory disease complex (cirdc) in dogs in 5 canadian small animal clinics.	this study investigated the association between presence of respiratory pathogens and development of canine infectious respiratory disease complex (cirdc) in dogs in 5 canadian small animal clinics. in total, 86 dogs were tested using a commercial pcr respiratory panel; 64 dogs were considered as cases and 22 were control dogs matched by veterinary clinic. no control animals (0/22) were positive for canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), whereas 27/64 (42%) cirdc cases were positive. furthermore, 81 ...	2016	26740697
pandemic h1n1 influenza virus infection in a canadian cat.	a cat was presented for necropsy after being found dead at home. histologic findings suggested viral pneumonia. polymerase chain reaction and viral typing revealed influenza a(h1n1)pdm09. this is the first report of influenza in a canadian cat and highlights the importance of considering influenza virus in the differential diagnosis for feline respiratory distress.	2016	27152036
rare detection of the acinetobacter class d carbapenemase blaoxa-23 gene in proteus mirabilis.		2016	26902769
safety and early onset of immunity with a novel european porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine in young piglets.	porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) can be difficult to manage in commercial settings. a novel type i prrsv vaccinal strain (94881) was evaluated for safety and efficacy/onset of immunity (ooi) in piglets. in 2 experiments, groups of piglets were vaccinated intramuscularly (im) at approximately 14 d of age with a maximum-range commercial dose, an overdose, or a placebo in experiment 1 and either a minimum-range commercial dose or a placebo in experiment 2. the piglets in ...	2016	27127339
florfenicol as a modulator enhancing antimicrobial activity: example using combination with thiamphenicol against pasteurella multocida.	synergistic effects between the same class of antibiotics are rarely reported. our previous study found synergistic-like interaction between florfenicol (ffc) and thiamphenicol (tap) against staphylococcus aureus. here, the enhanced antimicrobial activity was evaluated in 97 clinical isolates of both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. susceptible strains were initially identified by checkerboard microdilution assay (fractional inhibitory concentration index [fici] ≤ 0.625), followed by co ...	2016	27065961
preparation, characterization, and potential application of chitosan, chitosan derivatives, and chitosan metal nanoparticles in pharmaceutical drug delivery.	naturally occurring polymers, particularly of the polysaccharide type, have been used pharmaceutically for the delivery of a wide variety of therapeutic agents. chitosan, the second abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide next to cellulose, is a biocompatible and biodegradable mucoadhesive polymer that has been extensively used in the preparation of micro-as well as nanoparticles. the prepared particles have been exploited as a potential carrier for different therapeutic agents such as pepti ...	2016	26869768
an incidence of pseudopregnancy associated with the social enrichment of rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculi).	here we describe a case of pseudopregnancy in a new zealand white rabbit as a result of pair housing with an aggressive conspecific. clinical signs included fur pulling and nest building that developed shortly after separation from the aggressor. an ovariohysterectomy was performed, and histopathologic findings support the diagnosis of pseudopregnancy. when introducing adult female rabbits to pair housing, stable pairs may be difficult to achieve because of the dominance-associated behavior that ...	2016	26817987
characterization of polymyxin b biodistribution and disposition in an animal model.	despite dose-limiting nephrotoxicity concerns, polymyxin b has resurged as the treatment of last resort for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. however, the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and nephrotoxic properties of polymyxin b still are not thoroughly understood. the objective of this study was to provide additional insights into the overall biodistribution and disposition of polymyxin b in an animal model. sprague-dawley rats were dosed with intravenous polymyxin b (3 ...	2016	26643340
development and application of multiplex pcr assays for detection of virus-induced respiratory disease complex in dogs.	canine infectious respiratory disease complex (cirdc) viruses have been detected in dogs with respiratory illness. canine influenza virus (civ), canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), canine distemper virus (cdv), canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov), canine adenovirus type 2 (cadv-2) and canine herpesvirus 1 (cahv-1), are all associated with the cirdc. to allow diagnosis, two conventional multiplex polymerase chain reactions (pcr) were developed to simultaneously identify four rna and two dna vir ...	2016	27628592
multiple molecular detection of respiratory viruses and associated signs of airway inflammation in racehorses.	the potential involvement of viruses in inflammatory airway disease (iad) was previously investigated through either serology or pcr from nasopharyngeal swabs (ns). the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and incidence of viral genome detection by qpcr in the equine airways, and their association with respiratory clinical signs.	2016	27899161
high-throughput detection of respiratory pathogens in animal specimens by nanoscale pcr.	nanoliter scale real-time pcr uses spatial multiplexing to allow multiple assays to be run in parallel on a single plate without the typical drawbacks of combining reactions together. we designed and evaluated a panel based on this principle to rapidly identify the presence of common disease agents in dogs and horses with acute respiratory illness. this manuscript describes a nanoscale diagnostic pcr workflow for sample preparation, amplification, and analysis of target pathogen sequences, focus ...	2016	27929456
comparing the yield of nasopharyngeal swabs, nasal aspirates, and induced sputum for detection of bordetella pertussis in hospitalized infants.	advances in molecular laboratory techniques are changing the landscape of bordetella pertussis illness diagnosis. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays have greatly improved the sensitivity detection and the turnaround time to diagnosis compared to culture. moreover, different respiratory specimens, such as flocked nasopharyngeal swabs (npss), nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas), and induced sputum, have been used for b. pertussis detection, although there is limited head-to-head comparison to eval ...	2016	27838671
recent nanotechnology approaches for prevention and treatment of biofilm-associated infections on medical devices.	bacterial colonization in the form of biofilms on surfaces causes persistent infections and is an issue of considerable concern to healthcare providers. there is an urgent need for novel antimicrobial or antibiofilm surfaces and biomedical devices that provide protection against biofilm formation and planktonic pathogens, including antibiotic resistant strains. in this context, recent developments in the material science and engineering fields and steady progress in the nanotechnology field have ...	2016	27872845
pertussis-like syndrome associated with adenovirus presenting with hyperleukocytosis: case report.	adenovirus is an infectious viral agent that causes variety of clinical presentations such as respiratory disease, conjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis. hepatitis, pancreatitis, myocarditis, encephalitis, and disseminated infection are primarily seen in immunocompromised patients. rarely, adenovirus infection can present with pertussis-like syndrome. described here is case of pertussis-like syndrome associated with adenovirus presenting with hyperleukocytosis.	2016	28058402
complete genome sequences of bordetella flabilis, bordetella bronchialis, and "bordetella pseudohinzii".	we report here the complete genome sequences of bordetella flabilis and bordetella bronchialis recovered from cultures of individuals with cystic fibrosis (cf), and "bordetella pseudohinzii" recovered from a cf mouse model.	2016	27738041
pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in clinically healthy dogs (canis lupus familiaris).	economical, injectable antibiotics are beneficial when clinical manifestations of an animal model prevent the use of oral antibiotics. ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (ccfa) is an injectable, sustained-release form of ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin that is labeled for use in swine, cattle, and horses. because ccfa is an economical, injectable antibiotic that could be of value for use in research dogs, the objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of ccf ...	2016	27025816
differential regulation of type iii secretion and virulence genes in bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica by a secreted anti-σ factor.	the bvgas phosphorelay regulates ∼10% of the annotated genomes of bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica and controls their infectious cycles. the hierarchical organization of the regulatory network allows the integration of contextual signals to control all or specific subsets of bvgas-regulated genes. here, we characterize a regulatory node involving a type iii secretion system (t3ss)-exported protein, btra, and demonstrate its role in determining fundamental differences in t3ss ph ...	2016	26884180
histopathological and immunohistochemical approaches for the diagnosis of pasteurellosis in swine population of punjab.	infectious porcine bronchopneumonia, caused by pasteurella multocida, is a widespread disease of major economic significance. thus, the aim of the present study was to diagnose swine pasteurellosis using gross, histopathological, and immunopathological approaches in the swine population of punjab and to compare the efficacy of immunohistochemical (ihc) techniques with conventional diagnostic techniques.	2016	27733801
the multifaceted risa regulon of bordetella pertussis.	the whooping cough agent bordetella pertussis regulates the production of its virulence factors by the bvga/s system. phosphorylated bvga activates the virulence-activated genes (vags) and represses the expression of the virulence-repressed genes (vrgs) via the activation of the bvgr gene. in modulating conditions, with mgso4, the bvga/s system is inactive, and the vrgs are expressed. here, we show that the expression of almost all vrgs depends on risa, another transcriptional regulator. we also ...	2016	27620673