Publications

evidence for possible involvement of an elastolytic serine protease in aspergillosis.	a number of isolates of aspergillus fumigatus obtained from the hospital environment produced extracellular elastolytic activity. this activity was found to be catalyzed by a single 33-kda protein which was purified and characterized to be a serine protease. a. fumigatus, when grown on the insoluble structural material obtained from murine and bovine lung, produced the same extracellular 33-kda elastolytic protease, indicating that this enzyme is likely to be produced when the organism infects t ...	1993	8500876
pradimicins t1 and t2, new antifungal antibiotics produced by an actinomycete. i. taxonomy, production, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties.	pradimicins t1 and t2, new members of the pradimicin family of antibiotics, were produced by an actinomycete strain aa3798. pradimicin t1 exhibited potent activity against a wide spectrum of fungi in vitro and demonstrated efficacy against systemic candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus infections in mice.	1993	8501001
application of polymerase chain reaction to fingerprinting aspergillus fumigatus by random amplification of polymorphic dna.	a new method for fingerprinting aspergillus fumigatus by random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) by using single primers with arbitrary sequences is described. five primers were examined with 19 isolates from six patients with aspergilloma as well as with a. fumigatus ncpf 2109. two of the primers (gct ggt gg and gcg cac gg, 5' to 3') gave adequate discrimination between isolates, generating five and six types, respectively. combination of the results obtained with each of these two prime ...	1993	8501211
infectious disease rounds: pneumonia due to aspergillus.	angioinvasive fungi, like aspergillus, can cause invasive infections in patients immunosuppressed by steroid therapy. pulmonary infarction, manifested as pleuritic chest pain, frequently results from in situ thrombosis and is characteristic of aspergillus pneumonia.	1993	8506105
aspergillus fumigatus pneumonia in neutropenic patients during therapy with fluconazole for infection due to candida species.		1993	8507771
immunoblot analysis of aspergillus fumigatus antigen with human antibodies and lectin probes.	components of culture filtrate antigen of aspergillus (a.) fumigatus were electrophoretically separated, transferred to hydrophobic durapore membrane, and then probed with patients' sera and lectins. using human sera from patients with aspergilloma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa), more than 13 igg binding components were identified. igg binding to high molecular weight components (hmw) of over 30 kda was observed in all patient sera tested, but igg binding to low molecular wei ...	1993	8507937
airborne dust and aeroallergen concentration in a horse stable under two different management systems.	airborne dust concentration (adc) was measured in 2 different horse management systems using an andersen cascade impactor in the box-stall, and a personal marple cascade impactor attached to the halter to measure adc in the breathing zone. the levels of aeroallergens implicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were measured by radioallergosorbent-inhibition immunoassay. a conventional management system (system c) utilising hay feed and straw bedding, and a recommended environment (system ...	1993	8508749
liposomal hamycin in the control of experimental aspergillosis in mice: effect of phosphatidic acid with and without cholesterol.	hamycin incorporated into liposomes containing phosphatidylcholine (spc) and phosphatidic acid (pa) had reduced toxicity and an enhanced antifungal activity in experimental aspergillosis in balb/c mice. incorporation of cholesterol into liposomes led to a dose dependent decrease in the toxicity of hamycin. the ld50 (mg/kg) of hamycin contained in spc/cholesterol/pa (molar ratio 4:5:1) liposomes was 2.8 whereas that in spc/pa liposomes (molar ratio 9:1) was 0.35. although the free drug had little ...	1993	8514651
construction and pathogenicity of aspergillus fumigatus mutants that do not produce the ribotoxin restrictocin.	aspergillus fumigatus, the most common cause of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa), produces a potent cytotoxin called restrictocin. to investigate the role of restrictocin in ipa, we have constructed fungal strains in which the res gene has been inactivated by gene disruption. these disruptants lack the specific extracellular ribonucleolytic activity associated with restrictocin, as measured by an in vitro rabbit reticulocyte lysate assay. western blot analysis of one disruptant, using an a ...	1993	7934913
a study of the alkaline proteases secreted by different aspergillus species.	strains from several species of aspergillus were grown in the presence of soluble collagen, and the major secreted proteins present in the culture fluid were examined for proteolytic activity. the possibility of relatedness among the alkaline proteases secreted by aspergillus was studied by probing extracts from the various species with polyclonal antisera raised to the isolated alkaline proteases of a. fumigatus and a. oryzae. the pathogenic species a. flavus, a. terreus and a. nidulans hydroly ...	1993	7935565
amphotericin b refractory aspergillosis after itraconazole: evidence for significant antagonism.	failure of amphotericin b to halt aspergillosis in a patient previously treated with itraconazole raised the question of whether amphotericin b lost its activity as a result of antagonism between the two antifungal drugs. azoles exhaust the target of amphotericin b on the fungal cell membrane. accordingly amphotericin b in vitro lost its activity against six isolates of aspergillus fumigatus after exposure to subfungicidal concentrations of itraconazole. prior treatment of mice with itraconazole ...	1993	7935575
[a case of coexisting allergic aspergillosis of the lungs with branchial candidiasis].	a case is presented of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a 36-year-old man. this disease was accompanied by bronchial candidiasis as the complication after longterm antibiotic therapy administered before the diagnosis was established. diagnostic difficulties and outstanding effects of combined antifungal and corticoid treatment are described.	1993	7900391
production of tremorgenic mycotoxins by isolates of aspergillus fumigatus from sawmills in sweden.	one hundred and six strains of a. fumigatus were isolated from 21 sawmills in sweden, and 73 of these strains were examined for production of fumitremorgen b and verruculogen (tremorgenic mycotoxins) on yes-medium using thin layer chromatography (tlc). twenty-three strains (32%) were tremorgen producers and 50 strains (68%) were non-producers. tremorgenic mycotoxins were detected in conidia of seven a. fumigatus strains. the amount of toxin varied between 0.6-8.0 microgram/10(8) conidia (mean va ...	1993	8008045
humoral immunoresponse of pigeons to aspergillus fumigatus antigens.	the aim of this study was to develop an immunological model of avian aspergillosis by studying the humoral response of pigeons to aspergillus fumigatus antigens. immunization was performed by administering weekly injections of a. fumigatus extracts for 70 days (10 weeks). a new booster injection was given 270 days (9 months) following the last immunization. results showed an early aspergillus-specific humoral immunoresponse which reached a maximum level at 42-63 days (6-9 weeks) post-immunizatio ...	1993	8022463
invasive aspergillosis--a rabbit model.	an invasive aspergillosis model in rabbits was attempted using 3 concentrations of a. fumigatus conidia. conidia concentrations of 1 x 10(6), 1 x 10(7) and 1 x 10(8) were inoculated intravenously into rabbits. the severity of infection was directly proportional to the inoculum size of the conidia. aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from livers, kidneys, spleens, hearts and lungs of infected rabbits at a rate of 82%, 75%, 57%, 54% and 32% respectively. cultures of urine specimens taken by bladder ...	1993	8065172
virulence of alkaline protease-deficient mutants of aspergillus fumigatus.	the gene encoding the secreted alkaline protease, a suspected virulence factor of aspergillus fumigatus, was inactivated by gene disruption. the disruption was performed by transformation of a pathogenic strain of the fungus with a linear dna fragment carrying the gene from which the central part was replaced by the selectable escherichia coli hygromycin b dominant resistance marker. two transformants were shown to produce no alkaline protease. restriction fragment analysis of the dna of these t ...	1993	8095038
development of dna probes for fingerprinting aspergillus fumigatus.	several different dna fragments containing nonribosomal repetitive sequences have been isolated from the genome of aspergillus fumigatus and tested as potential dna fingerprinting probes. eight of these clones generate 19 or more bands when hybridized to ecori-digested dna of a reference strain in southern blots, and they fall into four families. individual clones from two families were tested and were found to generate complex southern blot hybridization patterns which are stable within a singl ...	1993	8100242
efficacy of intravenous itraconazole against experimental pulmonary aspergillosis.	the efficacy of intravenous itraconazole solubilized in hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin was assessed in a rat model of aspergillus fumigatus pneumonia. immunosuppressed rats were infected by intratracheal inoculation of a. fumigatus conidia. intravenous administration of various doses of itraconazole was started immediately after infection and continued once a day for 7 days. a 10-mg dose of intravenous itraconazole per kg was as effective on survival as 1 mg of amphotericin b per kg daily (a su ...	1993	8109952
typing by immunoblot of aspergillus fumigatus from nosocomial infections.	forty-four isolates of aspergillus fumigatus from patients with nosocomial aspergillosis and their hospital environment were collected and typed by immunoblot. laser densitometric analysis of the profiles and homology studies within each case were performed which established relationships between patient and environmental types and showed that patients are often contaminated by several types of a. fumigatus, not all necessarily responsible for the mycosis. one of the cases appeared to be a typic ...	1993	8114802
[aspergillus fumigatus sinusitis in aids].		1993	8115323
management of invasive aspergillosis with itraconazole.		1993	8117553
[inhibition of growth of microscopic fungi with organic acids].	fungicidal effects of five selected organic acids (lactic, acetic, formic, oxalic, and propionic) in concentrations 3, 5, 10, 20 and 50 ml/l on nine selected species of moulds were tested. lactic and oxalic acids did not prove the satisfactory fungicidal activity in any of the chosen concentrations. the antifungal effect of the other three acids, manifested by the growth inhibition of the tested moulds is shown in tab. i and it can be expressed by sequence: propionic acid, formic acid, and aceti ...	1993	8122343
development of infection with streptococcus bovis and aspergillus sp. in irradiated mice after glycopeptide therapy.	the use of ofloxacin and glycopeptides was evaluated for the treatment of infections arising in c3h/hen female mice irradiated with 8.3 gy from a 60co source. the 21 day regimen began 72 h after irradiation when each of five sets of experimental animals received three antimicrobial therapy regimens and a saline-treated control group. with 40 mice in each group, 20 were used to monitor survival, 20 for the recovery of bacteria from the liver culture. treatment groups were oral ofloxacin 20 mg/kg/ ...	1993	8125835
characterization of the 1,3-beta-glucan synthase of aspergillus fumigatus.	1,3-beta-glucan synthase activity has been detected in a membrane fraction extracted from the mycelium of the filamentous fungus aspergillus fumigatus. the enzyme was solubilized by chaps and stabilized by filtration on a bio-gel p30 column. highest activity was obtained in the early exponential phase of growth. four factors--gtp, naf, sucrose and edta--added during the extraction procedure, were essential for optimal 1,3-beta-glucan synthase activity. the soluble enzyme preparation was photolab ...	1993	8126434
in-vitro activity of the new triazole d0870 compared with amphotericin b and itraconazole against aspergillus spp.	the in-vitro activity of d0870, a new triazole, was compared with amphotericin b (amp b) and itraconazole (itz) against 40 aspergillus isolates, which included 25 isolates of aspergillus fumigatus, using a broth macro-dilution method at 37 degrees c. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum fungicidal concentration (mfc) (killing of > or = 98%) were measured. for 40 isolates, geometric mean (gm) mic values and ranges were d0870 10.55 and 2-32, itz 2.26 and 0.5-64, amp b 2.42 and 1-64 m ...	1993	8144422
crossed immunoelectrophoresis of fungal antigens in tissues as a means of diagnosing systemic aspergillosis and zygomycosis in cattle.	a novel method for diagnosing bovine aspergillosis and zygomycosis is described. rabbit hyperimmune antisera raised against somatic antigens of aspergillus fumigatus and absidia corymbifera were used in crossed immunoelectrophoresis with supernatants from disintegrated tissues from acute necrohaemorrhagic mycotic lesions from cattle. the method specifically identified 4 of 5 lesions with aspergillosis and 2 of 5 lesions with zygomycosis. one lesion dually infected with aspergillosis and zygomyco ...	1993	8146952
enhancement of oxidative response and damage caused by human neutrophils to aspergillus fumigatus hyphae by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and gamma interferon.	invasive aspergillosis is a serious fungal infection caused by the proliferation and invasion of aspergillus hyphae in tissue. neutrophils (pmns) are the most important line of defense against aspergillus hyphae. to investigate the role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) against aspergillus fumigatus, we studied the effects of the two cytokines on the oxidative burst and the capacity of normal human pmns to damage hyphae of the organism. g-csf enhan ...	1993	7681040
[pathologico-anatomic and mycotoxicologic studies of aspergillosis in birds].	4.0% of all birds (n = 11249) examined post mortem at the institute of avian diseases, oberschleissheim, showed fungal infections of the respiratory tract. clinical and histopathological findings to date have suggested toxin production in aspergillus fumigatus infections. to obtain detailed information, preselected tissues from the lungs and air sacs (n = 17) were examined by culture and fluorescence microscopy. in 12 cases gliotoxin (0.1-0.45 mg/kg) was found in the a. fumigatus infected tissue ...	1993	7683826
prevention of corticosteroid-induced suppression of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte-induced damage of aspergillus fumigatus hyphae by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and gamma interferon.	neutrophils (pmns) are a critical line of defense against aspergillus fumigatus infection. increased frequency of invasive aspergillosis has been observed in patients receiving corticosteroids, suggesting a deleterious effect of these compounds on pmn antifungal function. to investigate this hypothesis and to determine the potential preventive utility of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma), the effects of hydrocortisone (hcs) and dexamethasone (dxs) on ...	1993	7691757
effect of administration of diethylcarbamazine with and without fluconazole on experimental fungal infections in mice.	other researchers have found that diethylcarbamazine (dec) is effective treatment for filariasis despite a lack of demonstrated in vitro antifilarial activity. the results of our previous investigations using feline and murine leukemia virus models encouraged us to investigate the use of dec with other infections. in our current experiments, dec treatment was associated with lower brain fungal burden in fluconazole-treated mice following intravenous injection of aspergillus fumigatus or increasi ...	1993	18611537
metabolism of p-cresol by the fungus aspergillus fumigatus.	the fungus aspergillus fumigatus atcc 28282 was shown to grow on p-cresol as its sole source of carbon and energy. a pathway for metabolism of this compound was proposed. this has protocatechuate as the ring-fission substrate with cleavage and metabolism by an ortho-fission pathway. the protocatechuate was formed by two alternative routes, either by initial attack on the methyl group, which is oxidized to carboxyl, followed by ring-hydroxylation, or by ring-hydroxylation as the first step with s ...	1993	16348913
production of xylanases byaspergillus fumigatus andaspergillus oryzae on xylan-based media.	aspergillus fumigatus anda. oryzae were cultivated in laboratory fermenters on media containing xylan as the main carbon source.a. fumigatus produced xylanase on unsubstituted, insoluble beech xylan but growth and enzyme production on soluble xylo-oligosaccharides from the steaming of hardwood were poor due to the presence of inhibitors. an essential prerequisite for good xylanase production bya. fumigatus was decrease in the ph of the cultivation below 3.0 at higher ph values, the production of ...	1993	24419846
effects of antifungal agent combinations administered simultaneously and sequentially against aspergillus fumigatus.	the in vitro effects of antifungal agent combinations administered simultaneously and sequentially against 15 strains of aspergillus fumigatus were tested by the yeast-malt broth method. the synergistic effect of the combination of amphotericin b (amph) and miconazole was observed in nine strains (60%). however, the combinations of amph and fluconazole, amph and ketoconazole, and amph and itraconazole administered simultaneously showed antagonistic effects against three (20%), five (34%), and fo ...	1994	7695271
new in vitro assay based on glucose consumption for determining intraconazole and amphotericin b activities against aspergillus fumigatus.	we developed a new in vitro method of evaluating antifungal molecules. fungal growth was determined by measuring glucose consumption, the only carbon source in a synthetic medium. first, the growth of 12 aspergillus fumigatus strains was studied. glucose consumption was an excellent indicator of fungal growth. second, the partial inhibition of growth was calculated in terms of the 90% or 50% inhibitory concentration for the 12 strains after treatment with itraconazole and amphotericin b. with a ...	1994	7695274
in vitro and ex vivo effects of cyclosporin a on phagocytic host defenses against aspergillus fumigatus.	because cyclosporin a (csa) is extensively used as an immunosuppressive agent, its effects on phagocytic defenses against aspergillus fumigatus were studied in vitro and ex vivo. after incubation with 10 to 250 ng of csa per ml at 37 degrees c for 60 min, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) exhibited unaltered superoxide anion (o2-) production in response to phorbol myristate acetate and n-formylmethionyl leucyl phenylalanine, whereas > or = 500 ng/ml significantly suppressed it (p < 0.01). more ...	1994	7695277
adjuvant itraconazole in the treatment of destructive sphenoid aspergillosis.	paranasal aspergillosis is a potentially progressive continuum of disease, classically described as having four forms: allergic, non-invasive, invasive, and fulminant. the first two have been considered together as extramucosal disease whilst the latter two are both variants of tissue-invasive disease. sphenoid aspergillosis, given its anatomical location is a more aggressive disease than that found affecting the other paranasal sinuses, even when non-invasive, and may be fatal. this is compound ...	1994	7701229
cloning and disruption of the gene encoding an extracellular metalloprotease of aspergillus fumigatus.	aspergillus fumigatus secretes a serine alkaline protease (alp) and a metalloprotease (mep) when the fungus is cultivated in the presence of collagen as sole nitrogen and carbon source. the gene encoding alp was isolated and characterized previously. we report here the cloning and the sequencing of the gene encoding mep. genomic and cdna clones were isolated from a. fumigatus libraries using synthetic oligonucleotides as probes. stretches of the deduced amino acid sequence were found to be in ag ...	1994	7715453
diagnosis and management of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.	early diagnosis and treatment is essential for patients afflicted with bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa). inflammatory damage to the airways may be significantly reduced through use of corticosteroids. without treatment, bronchiectasis causing permanent anatomic alteration of the airways may occur. abpa should be considered in any asthmatic who requires oral corticosteroids and has recurrent pulmonary infiltrates. evaluation should include determination of total serum ige, which generally ex ...	1994	7721084
immunodiagnosis of invasive fungal infections.		1994	7722790
prophylactic efficacy of aerosolized liposomal (ambisome) and non-liposomal (fungizone) amphotericin b in murine pulmonary aspergillosis.	pulmonary aspergillosis is a serious opportunistic disease in patients with immune suppression. prophylactic measures would be highly beneficial because treatment often fails after infection occurs. the principle objective of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of aerosolized liposomal (ambisome) and non-liposomal (fungizone) amphotericin b in a murine model. immunocompromised mice were treated prophylactically for 3 days with ambisome or fungizone using a small particle aerosol ...	1994	7730214
purification and characterization of an extracellular aspartic proteinase from aspergillus fumigatus.	an aspartic proteinase (pep) from the culture supernatant of a clinical isolate of aspergillus fumigatus was purified to virtual homogeneity at a yield of 24%. the procedure involved affinity chromatography on pepstatin agarose, the interaction requiring a chaotropic salt (sodium trifluoroacetate) for complete elution of the enzyme. among 11 amino acids of the n-terminal region, nine were identical with the corresponding sequence of the aspartic proteinase aspergillopepsin a from aspergillus nig ...	1994	7738725
aspergillus arvii spec. nov., a new animal pathogen?	aspergillus arvii sp. nov. aho, horie, nishimura & miyaji isolated from liver lesions of a dairy cow in finland, is suggested to represent a new species. it differs from the other members of the aspergillus fumigatus group by its stable brown colony colour, the ornamentation of its conidia as well as the shape of the vesicles and length of conidiophores.	1994	7659124
amphotericin b followed by itraconazole in the treatment of disseminated fungal infections in neutropenic patients.	the role of the new triazoles in the treatment of disseminated fungal infections in neutropenic patients is at present under scrutiny. six neutropenic patients with disseminated fungal infections were treated with amphotericin b during neutropenia and itraconazole after bone marrow recovery. there were three pulmonary aspergillomas, one aspergillus fumigatus sinusitis, one fusarium-mycosis and one disseminated candidosis. four patients were cured of the infection. this approach seems to be safe ...	1994	7659132
diagnostic value of recombinant aspergillus fumigatus allergen i/a for skin testing and serology.	we report a clinical study comparing the recombinant aspergillus fumigatus allergen i/a (rasp f i/a) to two commercial a. fumigatus extracts in skin prick tests, intradermal tests, and serologic assays.	1994	7508461
[pleuropulmonary aspergillosis with defective neutrophil functions--g-csf effects on neutrophil functions].	a 66-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with productive cough and fever. chest x-ray films showed pleural thickening of the right apex and calcification of the lung field. antibiotic therapy was administered but no improvement was obtained. chest ct scan revealed pleural thickening with effusion in the right apex. needle aspiration biopsy was performed and aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from pleural fluid. we began pleural drainage and intrapleural infusion of miconazole, with systemi ...	1994	7509423
in vivo immunosuppressive activity of gliotoxin, a metabolite produced by human pathogenic fungi.	aspergillosis is a disease caused by the opportunistic pathogen aspergillus fumigatus and other related fungi. it occurs mainly in immunosuppressed people and causes very high mortality rates. a fumigatus and other pathogenic fungi have been shown to produce a metabolite, gliotoxin, which has immunosuppressive properties in vitro, but little is known about its in vivo activity. here we report that gliotoxin has increased toxicity in mice after irradiation. a single injection of gliotoxin delayed ...	1994	7510665
postoperative fungal arteritis mimicking vasospasm--case report.	intracranial arteritis due to fungal infection is an uncommon complication of neurosurgical operations. a 36-year-old female developed arteritis caused by aspergillus fumigatus at the site of the temporary clip following the clipping of an initially uncomplicated intracranial aneurysm. the inflammatory, slowly progressing vascular occlusion mimicked the vasospasm common in subarachnoid hemorrhage.	1994	7519756
gliotoxin inhibits transformation and its cytotoxic to turkey peripheral blood lymphocytes.	gliotoxin, an epipolythiodioxopiperizine mycotoxin, has been shown to be produced by, among other fungi, aspergillus fumigatus fresenius. this organism is the major causative agent of the respiratory disease aspergillosis in avian species, especially turkeys. because gliotoxin has been shown to be immunosuppressive and has the potential for being involved in the pathogenesis of aspergillosis, the in vitro activity of this compound with avian lymphocytes was investigated. immunosuppression was in ...	1994	7520534
inhibition of fungal growth by pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas cepacia isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis.	this study was undertaken because of the infrequency of infections due to candida species in patients with cystic fibrosis despite their extensive treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. in vitro susceptibility studies revealed significant inhibition of 11 strains of fungi known to infect human beings by 10 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa and nine strains of pseudomonas cepacia isolated from the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis. the fungi were candida krusei, candida keyfr, candida g ...	1994	7522262
intraorbital injection of amphotericin b for palliative treatment of aspergillus orbital abscess.	we report successful palliative treatment of an aspergillus fumigatus orbital mass in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome by direct injection of amphotericin b into the abscess cavity. this case presents intraorbital injection of amphotericin b as an alternative to surgical debridement of aspergillus orbital infection. in patients who are unable or unwilling to undergo more aggressive treatment, this procedure appears to limit morbidity while still providing effective palliative th ...	1994	7532429
fungal polysaccharides.	fungal polysaccharides are cell wall components which may act as antigens or as structural substrates. as antigens, the role of mannans in saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida albicans, and of glycoproteins in aspergillus fumigatus are discussed. analyses on beta-glucan synthetase in paracoccidioides brasiliensis and the inhibitory effect of hansenula mrakii killer toxin on beta-glucan biosynthesis are also considered.	1994	7536840
pyripyropenes, novel inhibitors of acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase produced by aspergillus fumigatus. i. production, isolation, and biological properties.	aspergillus fumigatus fo-1289, a soil isolate, was found to produce a series of novel inhibitors of acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase (acat). four active compounds, named pyripyropenes a, b, c and d, were isolated from the fermentation broth of the producing strain by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography, ods column chromatography and preparative hplc. pyripyropenes a, b, c and d show very potent acat inhibitory activity in an enzyme assay system using rat liver microsomes wit ...	1994	8150709
pyripyropenes, novel inhibitors of acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase produced by aspergillus fumigatus. ii. structure elucidation of pyripyropenes a, b, c and d.	the structures of pyripyropenes a, b, c and d, novel acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase (acat) inhibitors, were determined mainly by spectroscopic studies including various nmr measurements. pyripyropenes have a common structure which consists of pyridine, alpha-pyrone and sesquiterpene moieties. one of the three o-acetyl residues in the sesquiterpene moiety of pyripyropene a is replaced with an o-propionyl residue in pyripyropenes b, c and d.	1994	8150710
suppression of fungal growth exhibited by pseudomonas aeruginosa.	three surgery patients were monitored postoperatively, with particular reference to lung infection. in each case there was a clinical impression that pseudomonas aeruginosa suppressed the growth of candida albicans in patients with clinically significant lung infections from whom both of these organisms were isolated from serial sputum samples. regrowth of c. albicans after p. aeruginosa eradication occurred in two patients, despite fluconazole therapy, to which both c. albicans isolates were su ...	1994	8150966
use of dna moderately repetitive sequence to type aspergillus fumigatus isolates from aspergilloma patients.	polymorphism of forty-seven sequential clinical isolates from 3 patients with an aspergilloma was analyzed. dna from each isolate was digested with ecori and hybridized in southern blots with a 32p-labeled nonribosomal dna repetitive sequence. most isolates from each patient displayed the same hybridization pattern. southern blot patterns obtained with dna repetitive sequences can be used to type clinical isolates of aspergillus fumigatus and have shown that aspergilloma patients are most probab ...	1994	8158052
sternal osteomyelitis due to aspergillus fumigatus after cardiac surgery.	sternal osteomyelitis due to aspergillus fumigatus after cardiac surgery occurred in two nonimmunosuppressed patients. the clinical features of the infection were markedly different in the two cases. in the first patient, sepsis showed a late and insidious onset followed by slow progression. in the second case, fungi were isolated from wound swabs within a few days of surgery and the clinical picture showed acute onset and rapid progression. only a few cases of sternal osteomyelitis due to asper ...	1994	8162769
immunologic significance of a collagen-derived culture filtrate containing proteolytic activity in aspergillus-related diseases.	despite increasing evidence implicating fungal proteases in the virulence of pulmonary fungal diseases, routine fungal culture media do not favor protease production. hence, filtrates that serve as the source of antigen for serologic determinations are poor in proteases, and consequently, the immunologic significance of these enzymes is unknown.	1994	8163786
disseminated aspergillosis in a patient with cystic fibrosis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.	allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) is a well-known complication of cystic fibrosis (cf), with an estimated incidence of up to 11%. in patients with cf, the diagnosis of abpa must be based on significant elevation of aspergillus fumigatus (af) antibody and total serum ige, since it is common to already have other clinical and laboratory features of abpa (laufer et al., j allergy clin immunol. 1984; 73:44-48). once abpa is identified in a patient, institution of corticosteroids is stan ...	1994	8165040
successful medical therapy of aspergillus osteomyelitis of the spine in an 11-year-old boy with chronic granulomatous disease.		1994	8165091
aspergillus fumigatus metalloproteinase that hydrolyses native collagen: purification by dye-binding chromatography.	a proteinase was purified from the human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus. the four chromatographic steps, a "negative" dye column, a "positive" dye column, hydroxyapatite ultrogel, and modified tsk gel (hw 55), gave a 14% overall yield. the protein migrated as a single band on sds-page and isoelectric focusing, with an m(r) of 82,000 and a pi of 5.6. inhibitor studies suggested that the enzyme was a metalloproteinase. it hydrolyzed phenylazobenzyloxycarbonyl-pro-leu-gly-pro-arg and cleav ...	1994	8167478
a case of aspergillus fumigatus peritonitis complicating liver transplantation.	a 55-year-old male underwent orthotopic liver transplantation for sub-fulminant hepatitis b/delta infection superimposed on probable genetic hemochromatosis with early cirrhosis. pre-operatively, he demonstrated serologic evidence of cytomegalovirus reactivation and developed cytomegalovirus viremia when ganciclovir was discontinued post-operatively. his post-operative course was complicated by chronic ductopenic rejection, biliary anastomotic leak, and persistent confusion and malaise. at the t ...	1994	8168555
inhibition of serine palmitoyl-transferase activity by lipoxamycin.		1994	8175492
serum anti-aspergillus fumigatus antibodies by immunoblot and elisa in cystic fibrosis with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.	allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) occurs with a prevalence of 5% to 15% in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). because of the frequent colonization with aspergillus fumigatus (af) in cf, the causative agent of abpa, antibody reactivity to af proteins is frequently observed, which obscures the diagnosis of abpa. patients with cf are also categorized according to the presence of positive skin test responses to af and/or the presence of positive precipitins. in this study we used elisa ...	1994	8182235
purification and characterization of an elastinolytic metalloprotease from aspergillus fumigatus and immunoelectron microscopic evidence of secretion of this enzyme by the fungus invading the murine lung.	extracellular proteases have been suggested to be virulence factors in invasive aspergillosis. since serine protease gene-disrupted mutants retain virulence, other proteases are suspected to be also involved in the degradation of lung structural material. an elastinolytic neutral metalloprotease was purified 320-fold from the extracellular fluid of aspergillus fumigatus grown on elastin by affinity chromatography on bacitracin-sepharose 4b and gel filtration on sephadex g-75. the molecular mass ...	1994	8188335
specific interaction of aspergillus fumigatus with fibrinogen and its role in cell adhesion.	interaction between aspergillus fumigatus conidia and different proteins known to mediate the attachment of malignant tumor cells or microorganisms to the host tissues was studied in vitro. flow cytometry using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated fibrinogen confirmed that binding of human fibrinogen to the conidia was dose dependent and specific. binding was inhibited by unlabeled fibrinogen and by basement membrane laminin. moreover, the expression of fibrinogen receptors at the surfaces of c ...	1994	8188338
check for mould on non-sterile examination gloves.		1994	8190375
[isolated renal aspergillosis in aids. a case report].		1994	8190949
otic administration of amphotericin b 0.25% in sterile water.	to report otic administration of parenteral amphotericin b 0.25% in sterile water.	1994	8193421
[pulmonary aspergillosis in an immunocompetent female patient].	symptoms of bronchopneumonia developed over 4 months in a 63-year-old woman in previously good health. the symptoms worsened despite treatment with tetracycline (500 mg twice daily for 10 days). middle-lobe pneumonia was diagnosed both clinically and radiologically, but monotherapy with ofloxacin (200 mg twice daily) was ineffective, as well as combined treatment with gentamycin (80 mg), oxacillin (1 g) and azlocillin (5 g), each three times daily intravenously. bronchoscopy revealed obstruction ...	1994	8194452
molecular epidemiology of nosocomial invasive aspergillosis.	moderately repeated dna sequences were used to fingerprint strains of aspergillus fumigatus isolated from patients with invasive aspergillosis and their hospital environment. most strains sampled from the environment displayed different southern blot hybridization patterns. a temporal survey of air contaminants showed that some strains can persist in the same environment for at least 6 months. patients with invasive aspergillosis were infected by a single strain. in two patients, a nosocomial or ...	1994	8195379
aspergillus ribotoxins react with ige and igg antibodies of patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.	asp f i has been identified as a major allergen of aspergillus fumigatus and shows amino acid sequence homology with the mitogillin family of cytotoxins. in this study we compared the various cytotoxins from aspergillus species for their reactivity with immunoglobulin e (ige) and immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies in the serum samples of patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. elevated levels of ige and igg antibodies to all a. fumigatus antigens and ribotoxins were demonstrated in ...	1994	8195680
the bovine placentome in bacterial and mycotic abortions.	placentomes were extracted from the uteri of 22 aborted cows and examined to detect the cause of abortion; fetuses or fetal abomasal contents from 15 of the cows were also examined. firm diagnoses of pasteurella haemolytica, actinomyces pyogenes, listeria monocytogenes, bacillus licheniformis, aspergillus fumigatus or mortierella wolfii abortion were made in 11 cases. the histopathological lesions showed some correlation with the identity of the bacterium isolated; the lesions of mycotic abortio ...	1994	8197693
dose-dependent antifungal activity and nephrotoxicity of amphotericin b colloidal dispersion in experimental pulmonary aspergillosis.	we investigated the safety and efficacy of amphotericin b colloidal dispersion (abcd) for the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in persistently granulocytopenic rabbits. treatment groups included abcd in dosages of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day intravenously or conventional desoxycholate amphotericin b (damb) at 1 mg/kg/day intravenously. antifungal activity was directly related to increasing dosage of abcd as determined by the concentration of aspergillus fumigatus organisms in lungs and t ...	1994	8203848
neuro-ophthalmological presentation of non-invasive aspergillus sinus disease in the non-immunocompromised host.	two cases of non-invasive aspergillosis of the nose and paranasal sinuses are described. the first presented with left proptosis and ophthalmoplegia. imaging and histology showed a maxillary sinus aspergilloma. the second case presented as a compressive optic neuropathy and histology showed allergic aspergillus sinusitis. the pathological distinction between invasive and non-invasive forms of aspergillus sinusitis is important as in invasive aspergillosis surgical treatment is most effectively c ...	1994	8126516
synthesis and structure-activity relationships of the novel homopropargylamine antimycotics.	analogues of the antimycotic allylamine terbinafine were prepared in which the naphthalene and the tert-butyl-acetylene moieties were preserved, but the spacer between these two groups was varied, and the antifungal activity of the new compounds was evaluated. all modifications of the original spacer such as reduction of the double bond, switching the position of the nitrogen atom, shortening, and elongation resulted in decreased potencies with one exception: compounds with the ch2nmech2ch2 grou ...	1994	8126700
aspergillus fumigatus colonisation and population density of place of residence in cystic fibrosis.	the relation between antibody titres of aspergillus in patients with cystic fibrosis and the population density of their place of residence was investigated. patients with high titres of antibodies to aspergillus fumigatus were significantly more likely to live in an area of low population density. living in a rural environment may predispose to a fumigatus colonisation.	1994	8129438
in vitro susceptibility of fungal isolates of clinically important specimens to itraconazole, fluconazole and amphotericin b.	the in vitro activity of itraconazole, fluconazole and amphotericin b was tested against 207 yeast strains and 3 aspergillus fumigatus strains isolated from blood. the other 42 a. fumigatus strains were selected from respiratory tract infections. a microdilution method was employed to determine the inhibitory concentrations to restrain 70% of isolate growth (ic30). the inhibition concentrations of amphotericin b are all around the value 0.25 mg/l with a deviation of two concentration degrees, in ...	1994	8131639
recombinant expression and antigenic properties of a 32-kilodalton extracellular alkaline protease, representing a possible virulence factor from aspergillus fumigatus.	a 32-kda nonglycosylated alkaline protease (ec 3.4.1.14) with elastolytic activity, secreted by the opportunistic pathogen aspergillus fumigatus atcc 42202, is suggested to be a virulence factor of this fungus. the enzyme is a serine protease of the subtilisin family, and its cdna nucleotide sequence has recently been reported. we have cloned the cdna encoding the mature protease into a high-level escherichia coli expression plasmid and produced the recombinant protease as a fusion protein with ...	1994	8112866
[a case of allergic bronchopulmonary fungosis caused by several kinds of fungi].	a 36-year-old man, who had been treated for bronchial asthma since 10 years of age was admitted to haibara general hospital because of asthma attack and abnormal chest x-ray shadows. chest roentgenogram on admission revealed patchy and consolidation shadows in both lung fields. blood eosinophilia (15%, 1,155/mm3) and elevation of total ige (7,800 iu/ml) were demonstrated by laboratory examination. bronchography showed central bronchial ectasia in right b2, b3, b6 and left b1+2, b3 and b6. invest ...	1994	8114374
aspergillus pneumonia successfully treated with itraconazole in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.	the case of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed pneumonia caused by aspergillus fumigatus is described. she was treated with itraconazole 200 mg twice daily, with a rapid response. after a follow-up period of 5 years no recurrence of the infection has been detected. to our knowledge this is the first report on the use of itraconazole in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. considering the poor prognosis associated with aspergillus pneumonia in patients with systemic ...	1994	7894223
anterior decompression and fusion for aspergillus osteomyelitis of the lumbar spine associated with paraparesis.	a very rare case of aspergillus fumigatus osteomyelitis of the spine is described. the differential diagnosis, medical and operative treatment, and follow-up evaluation are reported.	1994	7899969
efficacy of unilamellar liposomal amphotericin b in treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis in persistently granulocytopenic rabbits: the potential role of bronchoalveolar d-mannitol and serum galactomannan as markers of infection.	a model of primary pulmonary aspergillosis in rabbits was developed to reproduce the persistent levels of profound granulocytopenia and the histopathologic features of bronchopneumonia, vascular invasion, and hemorrhagic infarction encountered in humans. d-mannitol was detectable in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy, and galactomannan was measurable in serum by latex agglutination immunoassay. a pharmacokinetically distinctive unilamellar vesicle formula ...	1994	8106769
neurologic complications following pediatric orthotopic liver transplantation.		1994	8108938
characterization and cilofungin inhibition of solubilized aspergillus fumigatus (1,3)-beta-d-glucan synthase.	(1,3)-beta-d-glucan synthase, a major cell wall synthesis enzyme, is the target of antifungal drugs of the lipopeptide class. aspergillus fumigatus (1,3)-beta-d-glucan synthase was prepared and its activity was measured by incorporation of [14c]glucose from udp-[u-14c]glucose into an insoluble polymer in the presence of alpha-amylase. solubilization of the (1,3)-beta-d-glucan synthase was attempted with several detergents, and the maximum percent solubilization was obtained with a polyoxyethylen ...	1994	8067773
microbial and mycotoxic contamination of peppers and food safety.	twelve random samples of pepper powders were analyzed for contamination by microorganisms of public health significance (bacteria, moulds) and for aflatoxin b1 concentration. black peppers were more heavily contaminated than white peppers but the most important bacteria causing foodborne diseases were not isolated; the mould flora was dominated by xerophilic species, particularly aspergillus fumigatus, a. flavus, a. niger and a. ochraceus. these potentially pathogenic species can be dangerous fo ...	1994	8068234
in vitro evaluation of mr hypointensity in aspergillus colonies.	to demonstrate that paramagnetic elements in fungal colonies can cause hypointensity in mr images.	1994	8073984
airborne fungal spore monitoring in a protective environment during hospital construction, and correlation with an outbreak of invasive aspergillosis.	evaluate aerobiological monitoring for fungal spores during hospital construction and correlate results with an outbreak of invasive aspergillosis (ia).	1994	8077640
cloning and nucleotide sequence of cdna encoding asp-hemolysin from aspergillus fumigatus.	the nucleotide sequence of a cdna encoding asp-hemolysin from aspergillus fumigatus was clarified. the deduced amino acid sequence was shown to contain a set of negatively charged domains similar to portions of the cysteine-rich sequence in the ligand-binding domain of ldl-receptor. a potential signal sequence was also identified in the n-terminal domain of the deduced amino acid sequence.	1994	8086452
refinement of physiological roles for cerato-ulmin by analogy with other hydrophobins.	cerato-ulmin, a hydrophobic protein produced by the dutch elm disease fungus ophiostoma ulmi, is toxic to susceptible elms. the physiological role of this protein may be related to its location on hyphal surfaces. cerato-ulmin is a member of the hydrophobins, proteins used in the formation of structures involved in asexual reproduction (sporulation and conidiation).	1994	8087455
effect of glyphosate on fungal population, respiration and the decay of some organic matters in egyptian soil.	glyphosate (roundup), when applied to the soil usually did not exert any significant effect on the total count of soil fungi after all periods of the experiment except after 6 and 10 weeks where the count was inhibited by the two doses used (1.84, 9.2 mg active ingredient/kg dry soil). when the herbicide was incorporated into the agar medium the count of total fungi, acremonium strictum and aspergillus fumigatus was significantly increased by the two doses used and of penicillium glabrum by the ...	1994	8087475
[characterization of fungi isolated from woody-chip piles, especially thermophilic and thermotolerant isolates].	samples were taken in order to isolate fungi from four woodychip piles (three of these were treated with liquid manure) from different depths. 39 species of 121 isolates could be determined. they represent 28 genera. aspergillus fumigatus, trichoderma reseei, corynascus sespedonium and mucor hiemalis were isolated most frequently. the isolates were examined for their temperature requirements. following the definitions of hawskworth (1983) they could be classified into the three groups of "thermo ...	1994	8087476
[keratomycosis, from head injury to aspergillosis].	keratomycosis due to aspergillus fumigatus occurs most often in immuno-competent patients who live and work in a fungus-rich atmosphere. previous trauma with epithelial lesion are reported by most authors. while the new antifungal drugs may be effective, corneal graft is the most effective solution in uncontrolled cases. when performed early, good visual recovery was observed in most cases as reported in the literature and in our case.	1994	8089409
pulmonary aspergillosis: imaging findings with pathologic correlation.	pulmonary involvement with aspergillus fumigatus is varied and largely dependent on the patient's underlying pulmonary and immune status. hypersensitivity reactions from inhalation of spores can cause acute allergic alveolitis, and bronchial colonization can cause allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa). the latter is found mainly in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis. mycetomas develop from secondary colonization of preexisting lung cavities. invasive and semi-invasive aspergillosis ...	1994	8092014
itraconazole for experimental pulmonary aspergillosis: comparison with amphotericin b, interaction with cyclosporin a, and correlation between therapeutic response and itraconazole concentrations in plasma.	itraconazole and amphotericin b were compared by using a newly developed model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in rabbits immunosuppressed with methylprednisolone and cyclosporin a (csa). both itraconazole at 40 mg/kg (given orally) and amphotericin b at 1 mg/kg (given intravenously) had in vivo antifungal activity in comparison with controls. at these dosages, amphotericin b was more effective than itraconazole in reducing the tissue burden (log10 cfu per gram) of aspergillus fumigatus (p < ...	1994	8092829
the effect of elastase-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies on the virulence of aspergillus fumigatus in immunocompromised mice.	elastase has been implicated as a potential virulence factor involved in the invasion process of the opportunistic pathogen, aspergillus fumigatus. monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, known to inhibit elastase in vitro, were employed in an immunocompromised mouse model of invasive aspergillosis to determine if the antibodies could protect mice from fatal infection. individual monoclonal antibodies, known to inhibit elastase partially (13 to 23%), or combinations of monoclonal antibodies, known ...	1994	8028645
4-ethylphenol metabolism by aspergillus fumigatus.	aspergillus fumigatus atcc 28282 was found to be capable of growth on 4-ethylphenol as its sole carbon and energy source. a pathway for the metabolism of this compound has been proposed. the initial step involves hydroxylation of the methylene group of 4-ethylphenol to form 1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol, followed by oxidation to 4-hydroxyacetophenone. the hydroxylase was nadph and oxygen dependent, which is a characteristic of a monooxygenase type of enzyme. the 1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol isolate ...	1994	8031091
a new look at the natural history of aspergillus hypersensitivity in asthmatics.		1994	8036299
allergens in aspergillus fumigatus. i. characterization of two different allergen extracts and evaluation of their stability and the importance of carbohydrate for ige binding.	aspergillus fumigatus grown in submerged and surface cultures was extracted, and the extracts were analyzed separately. the submerged extract contained 31.9% protein and 8.3% carbohydrate, while the corresponding values were 17.0% and 33.3% for the surface material. with individual sera from patients with allergic asthma, sds-page combined with immunoblotting revealed that the submerged extract contained at least six strong ige-binding components (20, 30, 38, 50, 68, and 90 kda) in addition to s ...	1994	8037357
analysis of igg subclass and ige response in allergic disease caused by aspergillus fumigatus by immunoblotting techniques.	analysis of sera from patients suffering from allergic asthma, extrinsic allergic alveolitis (eaa) due to aspergillus fumigatus or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) by means of ief immunoprint and western blot showed characteristic igg subclasses and ige responses. asthmatic patients revealed specific ige antibodies. igg subclass reactivities in asthmatics and healthy blood donors were weak and uncharacteristic. major allergens recognized by asthmatic patients have isoelectric point ...	1994	8038618
sequential pathological studies in the udder of goats intramammarily infected with aspergillus fumigatus.	intramammary inoculation of goats with aspergillus fumigatus spores resulted in the development of mastitis with characteristic gross and microscopic lesions. the mastitis and the lesions were restricted to the infected udder halves only and there was no dissemination of infection to other tissues of the body. the experiment was continued for 45 days. gross changes in the infected udder were observed up to the 45th day post-infection. the lesions, in general, included variable sized abscesses in ...	1994	8052292