Publications

prevalence of antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae in an israeli population without clinical evidence of respiratory infection.	to estimate the occurrence of recent, past, and "persistent" infections with chlamydia pneumoniae--as indicated by serology--in an israeli population without clinical evidence of respiratory infection.	2002	11986341
chlamydia pneumoniae serology is associated with thrombosis-related but not with plaque-related microembolization during carotid endarterectomy.	chlamydia pneumoniae has repeatedly been associated with atherosclerotic disease. our study was designed to clarify whether this association is based on c pneumoniae-induced transformation of a stable into an unstable atherosclerotic plaque or on stimulation of hypercoagulability leading to increased thrombotic arterial occlusions by c pneumoniae infection. transcranial doppler ultrasonographic monitoring of the middle cerebral artery during carotid endarterectomy offers the opportunity to study ...	2002	11988599
chlamydial infection in canine atherosclerotic lesions.	we attempted to detect chlamydial antigens in canine atherosclerotic lesions from seven dogs by immunohistochemical technique using anti-chlamydia psittaci (c. psittaci) polyclonal and anti-c. pneumoniae monoclonal antibodies. immunopositive signals to both antibodies were recognized in the atherosclerotic lesions of the aortas, coronary and splenic arteries of all dogs. positive signals were found in the foamy cytoplasm of infiltrated macrophages and extracellular matrices in the lesions. in so ...	2002	11996944
foam cell formation inhibits growth of chlamydia pneumoniae but does not attenuate chlamydia pneumoniae-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.	it has not yet been determined whether lipid-loaded macrophages (foam cells), a major cellular component of atherosclerotic lesions, have the capacity to support growth of chlamydia pneumoniae and be activated to secrete proinflammatory cytokines in response to c pneumoniae infection.	2002	11997286
no evidence of acute chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients with bell's palsy.	the cause of bell's palsy remains unknown even though available evidence suggests that infection could be a factor. in recent studies, chlamydia pneumoniae has been associated with neurologic diseases such as multiple sclerosis. in the present study, the association of c pneumoniae with bell's palsy was studied with the use of serology and polymerase chain reaction to test tear fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 21 patients with bell's palsy and 21 control subjects. c pneumoniae d ...	2002	11997783
[chlamydial diseases of domestic animals--zoonotic potential of the agents and diagnostic issues].	the role of chlamydiae as agents of a number of important animal and human diseases is still the subject of intensive research. recently, a proposal for taxonomic reclassification of this group of obligate intracellular bacteria was published, which was based on a large amount of new data on genetic relatedness. according to this proposal, the family chlamydiaceae now comprises two genera (chlamydia and chlamydophila) with 9 largely host-related species. the previously accepted classification sc ...	2002	11998363
chlamydia pneumoniae infection and nonspecific aortoarteritis: search for a link with a nonatherosclerotic inflammatory arterial disease.	the association between chlamydia pneumoniae infection and atherosclerosis has gained recognition. however, the nature of this association is controversial. the infective link may not be specific for atherosclerosis and may also exist in other nonatherosclerotic arterial diseases. we investigated patients with nonspecific aortoarteritis for serological evidence of prior chlamydia pneumoniae infection.	2002	11999087
etiology and management of community-acquired pneumonia in asia.	the causative organisms of community-acquired pneumonia, especially in japan and korea, are essentially similar to those in western countries. if there are any differences, these are due to the laboratory tests and criteria used to define pathogenicity. overall, streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequently occurring pathogen and haemophilus influenzae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae and viruses follow. legionella spp. look likely to be low frequency pathogens in asian countries, ...	2002	11964917
chlamydia pneumoniae inhibits apoptosis in human epithelial and monocyte cell lines.	chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular pathogen with a tendency to cause persistent infections that has been associated with many chronic conditions such as asthma and coronary artery disease. however, its immunopathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. when aiming to study the impact of c. pneumoniae infection on host cell apoptosis, we found that epithelial infected (hl) cells and macrophages (u937-line) were resistant to staurosporine and tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha-induc ...	2002	11967121
[acute polyradiculoneuropathy after chlamydia pneumoniae infection].	a 36-year-old woman presented acute polyradiculoneuropathy following chlamydia pneumoniae infection. although electrophysiologic studies were normal, clinical features were typical of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). anti-ganglioside gm1 antibodies were positive. two other cases of gbs following chlamydia pneumoniae infection have been reported, but no specific feature emerges. outcome was good in our patient after intravenous globulin then antibiotic therapy. our case supports the notion that chl ...	2002	11976599
[atherosclerosis--progression by nonspecific activation of the immune system].	atherogenesis is a disease of middle-sized and large-caliber blood vessels that can be divided into three major phases. the initial lesions of early atherosclerosis are characterized by the adhesion and subendothelial emigration of blood-borne monocytes, which differentiate into macrophages and provide the morphologic basis for the formation of foam cells and fatty streak lesions. these lesions are found in most children and teenagers in industrialized nations. the next key event in atherogenesi ...	2002	11977579
nasal cellularity in 183 unselected schoolchildren aged 9 to 11 years.	although rhinitis is extremely frequent in children, methods for assessing the severity of nasal inflammation produce results with wide variability and hence weak clinical significance. we designed this epidemiologic investigation to define the clinical usefulness of assessing nasal cellularity in children.	2002	12456911
thermal detection of vulnerable plaque.	in 1996, we showed that inflamed atherosclerotic plaques give off more heat and that vulnerable plaques may be detected by measuring their temperature. plaque temperature is correlated directly with inflammatory cell density and inversely with the distance of the cell clusters from the luminal surface. it is inversely related to the density of the smooth muscle cells. we found no significant association between temperature heterogeneity and presence of chlamydia pneumoniae in plaque or the gross ...	2002	12459426
chlamydia pneumoniae as an emerging risk factor in cardiovascular disease.	recent appreciation of atherosclerosis as a chronic, inflammatory disease has rekindled efforts to examine the role that infectious agents may play in atherogenesis. in particular, much interest has focused on infection with chlamydia pneumoniae. the possibility that a prokaryote contributes to atherogenesis has high clinical interest, as c pneumoniae infection may be a treatable risk factor. to review the evidence implicating c pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we searched medl ...	2002	12460096
intrastrain and interstrain genetic variation within a paralogous gene family in chlamydia pneumoniae.	chlamydia pneumoniae causes human respiratory diseases and has recently been associated with atherosclerosis. analysis of the three recently published c. pneumoniae genomes has led to the identification of a new gene family (the cpn 1054 family) that consists of 11 predicted genes and gene fragments. each member encodes a polypeptide with a hydrophobic domain characteristic of proteins localized to the inclusion membrane.	2002	12460455
primary atypical pneumonia in children.		2002	12466582
chlamydia pneumoniae in carotid artery atherosclerosis: a comparison of its presence in atherosclerotic plaque, healthy vessels, and circulating leukocytes from the same individuals.	there is growing clinical and experimental evidence that infections with chlamydia pneumoniae might contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. however, studies detecting the pathogen in atherosclerotic lesions examined either only atherosclerotic vessels or control vessels without atherosclerosis obtained from a different group of individuals. we analyzed atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid artery, samples of apparently healthy greater saphenous veins, and circulating l ...	2002	12468766
effect of acute chlamydia pneumoniae infection on lipoprotein metabolism in nih/s mice.	chlamydia pneumoniae is a well-known cause of respiratory infections, globally. chronic c. pneumoniae infection has been associated with atherosclerosis. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute c. pneumoniae infection on serum lipid levels and some regulatory proteins/enzymes in nih/s mice. female mice (n=30) were intranasally infected with 5.3*10(5) inclusion forming units (ifu) of c. pneumoniae and control mice (n = 30) were inoculated with buffer. six uninoculated ...	2002	12469903
chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis.	chlamydia pneumoniae, a human respiratory pathogen, has been linked to atherosclerotic disease based on sero-epidemiologic studies, direct detection of the organism in atherosclerotic lesions, animal experiments and tissue culture. in this review paper we propose to interpret results in line with the biology of chlamydia with persistence of chlamydia pneumoniae antigens in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis rather than viable bacteriae.	2002	12471763
chlamydial conjunctivitis (in adults), uveitis, and reactive arthritis, including sara. sexually acquired reactive arthritis.	this chapter deals with chlamydia -induced ocular and rheumatic diseases of the adult. all of these may follow a primary urogenital infection with chlamydia trachomatis in genetically predisposed patients. besides the infection with chlamydia trachomatis, infections with chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydia psittaci are also discussed as possible causative agents. chlamydial conjunctivitis is frequently a secondary infection, and the organism is transferred from the urogenital tract to the eye by ...	2002	12473284
proteome analysis of chlamydia pneumoniae.		2002	12474393
clinical depression and inflammatory risk markers for coronary heart disease.	despite mounting evidence that psychiatric depression heightens risk for cardiac morbidity and mortality, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for this association. the present study examined the relation between depression and the expression of inflammatory risk markers implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (chd). one hundred adults were enrolled (68% women, 48% caucasian, 48% african-american, mean age 30 +/- 2 years). fifty subjects met the diagnostic criteria f ...	2002	12480034
chlamydia pneumoniae infection alters the junctional complex proteins of human brain microvascular endothelial cells.	chlamydia pneumoniae has been identified and associated with multiple sclerosis (ms) and alzheimer's disease (ad) pathogenesis, although the relationship of this organism in these diseases remains controversial. we have hypothesized that one potential avenue of infection is through the junctional complexes between the blood-brain barrier (bbb) endothelia. c. pneumoniae is characteristically a respiratory pathogen, but has been implicated in atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and neuroinfl ...	2002	12480099
infection of myocytes with chlamydiae.	chlamydial infection has been associated with myocarditis in animals and humans. however, the mechanism resulting in myocarditis following infection is not known. here, evidence is presented that both chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae can infect and replicate in myocytes isolated from neonate rats. the infected myocytes contained chlamydial inclusions, indicative of chlamydial growth, and infectious particles were recovered from the infected myocytes. it was also found that chlamydi ...	2002	12480899
chlamydia pneumoniae in central retinal artery occlusion.	there is increasing evidence that the common respiratory human pathogen chlamydia pneumoniae has a causative role in atherosclerosis. we investigated the association of this pathogen with acute central retinal artery occlusion (crao).	2002	12485289
effect of roxithromycin treatment on the endothelial function of chlamydia pneumoniae seropositive men suffering from peripheral arterial occlusive disease.		2002	12485976
chlamydia pneumoniae infection of the central nervous system worsens experimental allergic encephalitis.	experimental allergic encephalitis (eae) is considered by many to be a model for human multiple sclerosis. intraperitoneal inoculation of mice with chlamydia pneumoniae, after immunization with neural antigens, increased the severity of eae. accentuation of eae required live infectious c. pneumoniae, and the severity of the disease was attenuated with antiinfective therapy. after immunization with neural antigens, systemic infection with c. pneumoniae led to the dissemination of the organism int ...	2002	12486106
does chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection increase the risk of myocardial injury? insights from patients with non-st-elevation acute coronary syndromes.	cumulative evidence suggests a positive association between chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) infection and risk of future coronary events among patients with stable coronary artery disease. however, its prognostic role in unstable coronary syndromes is less well defined. because cpn immunoglobulin a (iga) may be a more reliable indicator of chronic infection than immunoglobulin g (igg), we speculated that in patients with non-st-elevation acute coronary syndromes (acs), this marker might serve as a mo ...	2002	12486422
community-acquired chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia in japan: a prospective multicenter community-acquired pneumonia study.	to investigate the clinical features of chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia in japan and to evaluate the newly created japanese community-acquired pneumonia (cap) guidelines.	2002	12487164
the intracellular life of chlamydiae.	the ability to cause persistent infection is one of the major characteristics of all chlamydial species in their appropriate hosts. persistent infection with chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases, some initially not thought to be infectious, including pelvic inflammatory disease, arthritis, asthma, and atherosclerosis. chlamydiae have a unique developmental cycle with morphologically distinct infectious and reproductive fo ...	2002	12491229
microbiology of newer fluoroquinolones: focus on respiratory pathogens.	community-acquired pneumonia, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and acute sinusitis are among the most common bacterial infections encountered in clinical practice. pathogens frequently associated with these infections include streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, chlamydia pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila, and mycoplasma pneumoniae. unfortunately, resistance to antimicrobials commonly used for the treatment of these infections is increasing, limiting ...	2002	12493166
upregulation of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (emmprin) and gelatinases in human atherosclerosis infected with chlamydia pneumoniae: the potential role of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in the progression of atherosclerosis.	chlamydia pneumoniae infection implicated as an important etiologic factor of atherosclerosis, especially in coronary artery disease (cad), was found in vitro to be associated with the induction of matrix metalloproteinases (mmps). an extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (emmprin)/ membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (mt1-mmp) system which induces and activates mmps, is suggested to be functional and were upregulated in the failing myocardium. however, the upstream regulation of m ...	2002	12526080
enterovirus, mycoplasma and other infections as predictors for myocardial infarction.	to study antibodies against five infectious agents for their prediction of major coronary events in men with and without evidence of coronary heart disease at baseline.	2002	12528760
infection of murine precision cut lung slices (pcls) with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and chlamydophila pneumoniae using the krumdieck technique.	the krumdieck technique allows the investigation of the so-called precision cut lung slices (pcls) with a special microtome. it is thus possible to evaluate morphologic changes over a longer period of time using only a small group of animals. chlamydophila pneumoniae (cp) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) proved to be important causes of pneumonia, rhinitis and exacerbations of asthma bronchiale, as well as of lower respiratory tract infections in young children. pcls should be tested for th ...	2002	12530578
[atherosclerosis and chlamydia pneumoniae].	chlamydia pneumoniae could be associated with the risk of developing atherosclerosis and an increased risk of thromboembolic complications. however, the evidence of an association seems to be declining and there is no evidence of causality. the effect of antibiotic treatment in cardiovascular disease has been explored in epidemiologic studies and in randomised controlled trials. data suggest a protective but short-lasting effect of macrolide antibiotics on cardiovascular disease. the effect coul ...	2002	12553110
cutaneous vasculitis and reactive arthritis following respiratory infection due to chlamydia pneumoniae: report of a case.	unlike chlamydia trachomatis and c. psittaci, the association of c. pneumoniae infection with immunological complications, such as reactive arthritis (rea) or erythema nodosum (en) has been rarely reported. here we present the case history of a patient with c. pneumoniae community acquired pneumonia (cap) who subsequently developed a rea and a cutaneous vasculitis. a 45-year-old hla b27 negative male developed an asymmetric and additive arthritis and a cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis with ...	2002	12508779
chlamydia pneumoniae dna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in dialysis patients, renal transplant recipients and healthy controls.	it has been suggested that infection with chlamydia pneumoniae plays a role in the development and maintenance of atherosclerosis based on differences in the prevalence of antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with and without atherosclerotic lesions and on the presence of bacteria in atherosclerotic lesions. it is well known that patients undergoing chronic dialysis treatment and renal transplant recipients have a considerably increased risk of cardiovascular disease. in this stud ...	2002	12512740
chlamydia pneumoniae and the heart: impact of diagnostic methods.		2002	12520645
polymorphisms in the lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein in patients with myocardial infarction.	gram-negative bacterial infection, namely chlamydia pneumoniae has been recently discussed as a risk factor for myocardial infarction. the lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (lbp) and the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi) play a role in the processes leading to recognition and neutralisation of the chlamydia pneumoniae and their endotoxins lipopolysaccharides (lps). lps interact with plasma lbp, and lbp-lps complex activates monocytes/macrophages, which can influence the atheros ...	2002	12521224
atypical pathogens in adult patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia in korea.	this study examined the prevalence of atypical pathogens causing community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in korea. we collected sera and clinical data for a period of 1 year for the adult patients consecutively admitted to chunchon sacred heart hospital with cap. the diagnosis was made using serologic methods to detect antibodies for mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, legionella spp., chlamydia psittaci, and coxiella burnetii. among 81 recruited patients, c. pneumoniae (n = 10, 12.3%) was t ...	2002	12501255
[chlamydia infections in children with acquired cicatricial laryngeal and tracheal stenosis].	the examination for chlamydial infection was carried out in 49 children aged from 1 year 10 months to 15 years (mean age 9 years 6 months +/- 3 years 8 months) with laryngotracheal cicatricial stenosis (cs) provoked by long nasotracheal intubation. antibodies to c. pneumoniae in diagnostically significant titers were detected in 13 of 49 children (26.5%), to c. trachomatis--in 1 patient who had both infections. all the infected patients except the latter carried tracheal canules or were decanula ...	2002	12501774
[multisystemic severe infection with chlamydia pneumoniae].	chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) is responsible for 8-10% of community acquired pneumonia. however, multiorgan disease is rare and the association with a cutaneous vasculitis has only been described once. we report a case of serious systemic cp infection with capillary leak syndrome and cutaneus vasculitis who was treated successfully with levofloxacin.	2002	12522935
sensitivity and specificity of three new commercially available chlamydia trachomatis tests.	in order to determine the value of new chlamydia trachomatis (ct) specific tests for routine serological diagnosis of ct infections, we evaluated several commercially available assays (c. trachomatis enzyme immunoassay (eia), labsystems (ctl); seroct, savyon (cts); pelisa, medac (ctmp)) in various study populations. the prevalence of c. trachomatis-specific iga antibodies in a blood donor population (n = 443) as determined by the peptide based tests ctl, the cts and the ctmp was 5%, while for ig ...	2002	12537721
chlamydiae host cell interactions revealed using dna microarrays.	chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacterial parasites that infect eukaryotic cells and live their entire life cycle within a cytoplasmic vacuole or inclusion. we have employed cdna microarray and conventional biological approaches to study the pathogen-host cell interaction during c. pneumoniae infection of eukaryotic cells. two host cell signaling pathways, mek/erk and pi 3-kinase/akt, were activated within 5 and 20 minutes, respectively, following infection with chlamydiae. pharmacological ...	2002	12538165
immunofluorescence in situ and the serologic indices of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm.	the aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa) using selected methods. the histological specimens of aneurysm wall were evaluated, the method of immunofluorescence was used to reveal the antigen in the wall of aaa and the titers of specific antibodies of igg, igm and iga classes in blood plasma were marked. atherosclerotic changes in the aneurysm wall were found in all patients. in 20(87%) patients the c. pneu ...	2002	12597340
[current views on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis from the position of infectious pathology].	the role of immune inflammation at atherogenesis is studied in the paper. two etiological factors of atherosclerosis pathogeny are under examination: the role of modified low density lipoproteins (mldl) and essential parasites (chlamydia pneumoniae and cytomegaloviruses). generality of immune response during persistent infection into a blood vessel wall and deposit or formation of mldl are discussed. the point of view is substantiated that the development of atherosclerotic damages of blood vess ...	2002	12611168
anti chlamydia antibodies in patients with thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms.	chlamydia species are suspected of being involved in the pathogenesis and progression of aortic aneurysms. we investigated serum levels of chlamydia antibodies in patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms (taa) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (aaa) compared to levels in healthy individuals.	2002	12635464
prospective epidemiologic survey of patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization in switzerland.	community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a common problem and the principal infection requiring hospitalization, but its treatment is complicated by the difficulty in microbiological diagnosis and the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance among respiratory pathogens. the purpose of this paper is to present the main epidemiologic features of patients with cap requiring hospitalization in our country.	2002	12718823
[bacterial flora from bronchoalveolar lavage and occurrence of class igg and iga antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)].	bronchoalveolar lavage taken from 46 patients (ranging in age from 21 to 71 years, mean 50.6 +/- 13.9) was examined for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora. sera taken from 39 of patients as well as sera taken from 25 healthy blood donors of similar age (p = 0.99) were examined to determine igg and iga antibodies to c. pneumoniae. bacterial flora was routinely cultured and determined using atb computer system (biomérieux,). igg and iga antibodies were tested by the enzyme immunoassays (labsyst ...	2002	12632661
[etiological diagnosis of pneumonia--a critical view].	to search literature related to the etiological diagnosis of acute pneumonia in children.	2002	14676852
secondary prevention of coronary artery disease with antimicrobials: current status and future directions.	over the past several decades, coronary artery disease (cad) has become the major health problem in the western world with more than 50% of deaths attributed to its complications. the exact causes of atherosclerosis are not clearly known, although multiple risk factors (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, family history, and smoking) have been well described. however, these risk factors account for only about 50% of the total risk of cad. consequently, an ongoing search is unde ...	2002	14727986
[chronic chlamydia pneumonia--complications].		2002	14750263
chlamydia pneumoniae and multiple infections in the aorta contribute to atherosclerosis.	our previous study on herpesvirus infection including herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegalovirus (cmv) and atherosclerosis revealed that the prevalence of herpesvirus is higher in atherosclerotic aorta than in non-atherosclerotic aorta. infections with two or three forms of the virus have been found only in atherosclerotic aorta. in our current study, we examined both chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydia trachomatis in herpesvirus-infected aortic tissues, by mea ...	2002	12588444
[the role of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in the pathology of respiratory organs].		2002	12593168
[chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies and other atherosclerosis risk factors in haemodialysed patients. preliminary report].	nowadays, it is considered that viral or bacterial infections can influence atherosclerosis development rate. one of them is infection by chlamydia pneumoniae. the aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of anti-chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies (achpa) and their relationship with biochemical and clinical atherosclerosis risk factors in haemodialysed patients. there were 38 patients (24m, 14f) at the mean age 63.3 +/- 14.5 years, haemodialysed for 30.9 +/- 26.1 months. previous ch. pneumonia ...	2002	12621753
chlamydia pneumoniae and aortic aneurysms.		2002	12626197
chlamydia pneumoniae in patients undergoing surgery for thoracic aortic disease.	to investigate if chlamydia pneumoniae is present in the wall of the thoracic aorta in patients operated on for aneurysm or aortic dissection.	2002	12626198
[the role of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in the development of atherosclerosis in humans].		2002	12687938
[evaluation of community-acquired pneumonia guidelines of japanese respiratory society: differentiation of atypical pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia].	to evaluate the usefulness of differentiation of atypical pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia in the community-acquired pneumonia guidelines of the japanese respiratory society, we investigated 124 cases of three atypical pneumonias (mycoplasma pneumonia, 62 cases; chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia, 46 cases; chlamydia psittaci pneumonia, 13 cases) and 403 cases of bacterial pneumonia at our hospital over seven years. overall, the sensitivity and specificity of the criteria in the guideline were 70.4 ...	2002	12692942
[a case of pneumonia due to coinfection by mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae].	few cases of mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae coinfection in pneumonia have been reported in adults. we report a case of such a double infection in a young adult. a 16-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital with dry cough and fever. laboratory findings revealed elevated serum got and gpt levels. the patient had been administered a beta-lactam antibiotic before admission to our hospital. antibodies to m. pneumoniae were significantly elevated. titers of igm and igg specific for c ...	2002	12692948
detection of chlamydophila pneumoniae in mouse respiratory ciliated epithelium using targeted sections of the lung tissue.	chlamiophila pneumoniae were detected in targeted sections of mouse lung tissue by means of transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescent staining. incorporation of microorganisms into the axonemal matrix of cilia was observed 24 h after infection. the ciliary axoneme was characterized by pronounced swelling. at the late stages chlamiophila pneumoniae were present in cytoplasmic vacuoles. structural abnormalities and dysfunction of mucociliary clearance followed by incorporation of chla ...	2002	12802452
antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae and haemostatic factors in acute coronary syndrome without st segment elevation.	various chronic infections, including chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae), are regarded as one of the possible factors which initiates, progresses and exacerbates atherosclerotic process. the relationship between c. pneumoniae infection and haemostatic factors which also may promote atherosclerosis, has not yet been established.	2002	12917724
[risk factors for cerebral infarction: current topics and new developments].	current topics and new developments in risk factors for ischemic stroke were reviewed. hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, cigarrette smoking, and heavy alcohol drinking have been established as being common treatable risk factors for stroke. recent studies have clarified that homocysteine, various cardiac sources of embolism such as patent foramen ovale, antiphopholipid antibodies, lipoprotein (lp) abnormalities including lp(a) and remnant-like particle, insuli ...	2002	12784667
infection and venous thrombosis.	chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been linked to atherosclerosis, but a possible relationship with venous thromboembolism (vte) had not been sought. we determined circulating anti-c. pneumoniae antibody levels in patients with vte. fifty-four percent of the cases and 15.9% of the controls had specific igg titers of at least 256 (p<0.0001). the crude odds ratio for vte was 6.2 (95% ci, 3.8-10.1), and rose to 7.7 (4.5-13.2) after excluding subjects carrying the factor v arg 506 gln or factor ii g ...	2002	13679672
chlamydial heat shock protein 60 and lipopolysaccharide: potential virulence determinants in atherogenesis.	chlamydia pneumoniae infection is associated with atherosclerosis and may be an emerging risk factor in coronary artery disease. c. pneumoniae can infect, multiply within and modulate the function of all atheroma cell types. specific chlamydial virulence determinants have been identified that permit interaction with host cells and dysregulate cell function. in particular, chlamydial heat shock protein 60 and lipopolysaccharide may modulate cell function to dysregulate lipid metabolism, induce in ...	2002	14561189
interactions of oral pathogens with toll-like receptors: possible role in atherosclerosis.	toll-like receptors (tlr) function as important signal transducers that mediate innate immune and inflammatory responses to pathogens through pattern recognition of virulence molecules. although tlrs mediate protection against infection, it is also likely that they may have a pathophysiologic role in certain inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. in atherosclerotic lesions, endothelial cells and macrophages have been shown to upregulate tlr expression and may respond to tlr agonists of ...	2002	16013219
[mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae are associated to inflammation and rupture of the atherosclerotic coronary plaques].	in this review we report recent findings of our lab showing that mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae are present in higher amount, associated with adventitial inflammation and positive vessel remodeling, in thrombosed coronary artery segments (cas) of patients who died due to acute myocardial infarction. cd8t cell was the predominant lymphocytes in the plaque and cd24(b) cell in the adventitia. the mean numbers of lymphocytes were significantly higher in adventitia than in the plaque. ...	2002	15626350
infectious aetiology in acute coronary syndromes.	to ascertain the relationship between seropositivity to chronic infections with helicobacter pylori, chlamydia pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus (cmv) and acute coronary syndromes and association of each of these infective agent with biochemical parameters and cardiovascular risk factors.	2002	17657038
a european pathogenic microorganism proteome database: construction and maintenance.	a relational database structure based on ms-access and mysql to store and manage proteomics data was established. this system may be used to publish two-dimensional electrophoretic proteomics data, and also may be accessed by external users who want to compare their own data with those in the databases. the maintenance of the database is managed centrally. the producers of proteomics data do not need to construct a database themselves. users can introduce mass spectra into the database, which al ...	2002	18628887
community-acquired pneumonia in children.	community acquired pneumonia (cap) is common in childhood. viruses account for most cases of cap during the first two years of life. after this period, bacteria such as streptococcus pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae become more frequent. cap symptoms are nonspecific in younger infants, but cough and tachypnea are usually present in older children. chest x-ray is useful for confirming the diagnosis. most children can be managed empirically with oral antibiotics as outpat ...	2003	20019854
chlamydia pneumoniae infection in asthmatic patients.	this study was conducted on 30 asthmatic patients and 10 healthy controls. they were subjected to complete history talking, thorough clinical examination, and assessment of their ventilatory functions before and after bronchodilator. two specimens were obtained from each patients, bronchoalveolar lavage and serum samples. chlamydia pneumoniae antigens and antibodies (igg and igm) were detected using microimmunoflourescence technique. samples giving positive results for c. pneumoniae antigen were ...	2003	15719627
chlamydia pneumoniae and coronary artery disease: legitimized linkages?	chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) infection in early life may accelerate atherosclerosis over ensuing decades, leading to cardiovascular complications. cp promotes endothelial dysfunction and may modulate inflammation underlying atherosclerosis. it represents a biologically plausible candidate for the causation of atherosclerosis. other infections simultaneously occurring with cp may result in a synergistic effect to promote atherosclerosis. studies on the treatment of cp with antibiotics indicates decr ...	2003	15030265
chlamydia pneumoniae carriage and infection in hospitalized children with respiratory tract diseases.	the importance of chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory tract infection in childhood is under discussion.	2003	14735384
rovamycine as add-on treatment in unstable angina and 4 year evolution with major cardiovascular events.	major antibiotic trials targeting chlamydia pneumoniae or the pathogen burden in acute coronary syndromes reported conflicting data. only a minor impact of antibiotic treatment on major cardiovascular events (mace) incidence was demonstrated in some studies.	2003	15526507
chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity in patients with cerebral ischemic attack with or without silent brain infarcts.	we examined the seropositivity of specific antibodies igg and iga to chlamydia pneumoniae in the patients with ischemic stroke and examined if it has a notability in stroke patients with or without silent brain infarcts.	2003	15000458
characterization of antiapoptotic activities of chlamydia pneumoniae in infected cells.	c. pneumoniae has the capacity to inhibit apoptosis. here we provide further insight into how infection with c. pneumoniae affects the apoptotic signal transduction in infected human epitheloid cells. for assessing changes in the apoptotic response, intact cells and cell extracts were used. these results show that c. pneumoniae is able to interfere with the host cell's apoptotic apparatus at least at two steps in the signal transduction.	2003	15033792
[infectious and inflammatory factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis].	although the metabolic syndrome together with insulin resistance and their consequences are probably basic factors in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, inflammatory and infectious aspects of this process are unquestionable only in some of the patients. endothelial dysfunction was identified both in the experiment and in patients after herpes virus simplex 1 infection, cytomegaloviral infection, chlamydia pneumoniae infection, or helicobacter pylori infection. however, it is not clear whether it i ...	2003	15040164
[molecular diagnosis of chlamydia pneumoniae diseases].	chlamydia pneumoniae (c. p.) is an intracellular parasite directly involved in respiratory disease and more recently in chronic degenerative pathologies as atherosclerosis and asthma. its peculiar life cycle makes cultural isolation difficult, thus, troublesome the diagnosis of the disease. serology is so far the most common method of diagnosis of the, although the indirect based evidence of the serology may give clinically misleading results. nucleic acid amplification methods offer indeed rapi ...	2003	15049542
advances in the management of chlamydia pneumoniae infections.	one of the major characteristics of chlamydia spp. is its ability to cause prolonged, often subclinical infections. chronic, persistent infection with chlamydia pneumoniae has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases initially not thought to be infectious, including asthma, arthritis and atherosclerosis. c. pneumoniae is susceptible in vitro to a wide range of antimicrobial agents that target either protein or dna synthesis, including macrolides, ketolides, tetracyclines, ...	2003	15482145
evaluation of an anti-chlamydial antibiotic therapy influence on asthma patients.	chlamydia pneumoniae is one of the most frequent pathogens causing airways infections. contribution of chronic chlamydial infection to the following diseases: asthma, pochp, coronary heart disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, is particularly interesting. the connection between such infection and bronchial asthma was described in the literature in 1991. c. pneumoniae often causes asthma exacerbation; it is suggested that it also may be an etiologic factor of the disease. in a group of 55 subjects ...	2003	15315030
comparative study of the effects of acepromazine and structurally related compounds on the tnf-a release by monocytes stimulated by chlamydia pneumoniae.		2003	28404432
the development of asthma in children infected with chlamydia pneumoniae is dependent on the modifying effect of mannose-binding lectin.	although several studies found associations between infection with chlamydia pneumoniae and asthma, these were mainly restricted to the exacerbation of the symptoms in adults with known asthma. data about the role of c pneumoniae in the initiation and development of asthma in children are controversial.	2003	14564351
characterization of human humoral responses to the major outer membrane protein and omp2 of chlamydophila pneumoniae.	chlamydophila pneumoniae infection is associated with a range of diseases including pneumonia, asthma and heart disease. although an obligate intracellular pathogen, high levels of antigen-specific antibody are induced and serology is frequently used to diagnose these infections. proteins targeted by the humoral response include the major outer membrane protein (momp) and outer membrane protein 2 (omp2). using human anti-chlamydial sera we have defined the b cell epitopes recognized on momp and ...	2003	14568150
the role of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in children with chronic sinusitis.	chlamydia pneumoniae infection is a frequent cause of lower respiratory disease in both adults and children. however, its role in upper respiratory disease, including sinusitis, is less clear.	2003	14568794
chlamydia pneumoniae accelerates coronary artery disease progression in transgenic hyperlipidemia-genetic hypertension rat model.	chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) has been associated with human coronary artery disease but causal relevance as a risk factor has not been shown. several rabbit and mouse model studies demonstrate exacerbation of aortic atherosclerosis by cpn, however impact of cpn on coronary artery disease (cad) and survival outcomes has not been shown. to study this, we used specific pathogen-free, inbred, transgenic-cad dahl salt-sensitive (s) hypertensive (tg53) rats and control inbred, non-transgenic dahl s (non ...	2003	14571321
comments on the failure to detect chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerosis.		2003	14574617
chlamydia pneumoniae igg seropositivity and clinical history of ischemic heart disease in singapore.	there is still substantial uncertainty concerning the association between chlamydia pneumoniae and ischemic heart disease. this may partly be explained by the adjustment for potential confounders in different population studies. this is the first study in singapore to look at the association of c. pneumoniae seropositivity with ischemic heart disease in a multivariate analysis. a random sample of 714 persons aged between 35 and 69 years was selected from the participants of the singapore nationa ...	2003	14582560
an mri study of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in italian multiple sclerosis patients.	we amplified sequences of the chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) major-outer membrane protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from 23 of 107 (21.5%) relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (ms) patients and two of 77 (2.6%) patients with other neurological diseases (ond) (p = 0.00022). cp+ patients showed magnetic resonance imaging (mri) evidence of more active disease (p = 0.02) compared to cp- ms patients and tended to have an anticipation of age at disease onset (32.3 +/- 12 v ...	2003	14582771
in vitro inhibitory effects of tea polyphenols on the proliferation of chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae.	in vitro inhibitory effects of tea polyphenols on chlamydia trachomatis and c. pneumoniae were investigated. a product of tea polyphenols, polyphenon 70s was used. chlamydial strains used were c. trachomatis d/uw-3/cx and l(2)/434/bu, and c. pneumoniae ar-39 and ac-43 strains. hela229 cells and hl cells were used for cultivation of c. trachomatis and c. pneumoniae, respectively. in the post-inoculation method, no inclusions of c. trachomatis were observed at 0.5 mg/ml of polyphenon 70s. however, ...	2003	14583635
chlamydophila pneumoniae infection among young children with respiratory diseases in thailand.	a total of 136 children aged 5 years and under with respiratory tract diseases were examined for chlamydophila pneumoniae infection. by means of the micro-immunofluorescence test, an acute infection was suggested in 37 (27.2%) of them. infection was found in 23 (43.4%) of 53 children with bronchitis, seven (70.0%) of 10 with pharyngitis, and two (22.2%) of nine with pneumonia. c. pneumoniae dna was detected in seven of 55 children by means of nasopharyngeal swabs, and serological evidence was pr ...	2003	14583636
[relationship between chlamydia pneumoniae and classical risk factors of coronary heart disease].	in order to elucidate relationship between chlamydia pneumonia infection and established risk factors of coronary heart disease (hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, smoking, age) chlamydial iga and igg antibodies were determined by solid phase enzyme immunoassay in 122 patients with ischemic heart disease and 40 healthy subjects. elevated titers of iga class antibodies were found to be associated with presence of ischemic heart disease as well as with hypercholesterolemia, ...	2003	14593353
infection of u937 monocytic cells with chlamydia pneumoniae induces extensive changes in host cell gene expression.	the effect of infection with chlamydia pneumoniae on host messenger rna expression in human monocytic cells with complement dna microarrays was studied. the data chronicle a cascade of transcriptional events affecting 128 genes, many of which have not previously been reported to be affected by c. pneumoniae infection. down-regulated genes are primarily associated with rna and dna metabolism, chromosomal stability, and cell-cycle regulation. up-regulated messages include those for a variety of ge ...	2003	14593587
[the influence of chlamydia pneumoniae infection on acute coronary syndromes].	chlamydia pneumoniae is one of the infectious factors the role of which is considered in the process of atherosclerosis and its complications.	2003	14593953
chlamydia pneumoniae dna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy control subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and arterial hypertension.	infection with chlamydia pneumoniae has been suggested to play a role in the development and maintenance of atherosclerosis based on differences in the prevalence of antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with and without atherosclerotic lesions. we evaluated the prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae dna in the white cells of the peripheral blood in 194 patients with diabetes mellitus, 50 patients with acute coronary syndrome, 102 hypertensive patients, 193 patients having suffered a s ...	2003	14606608
problem of chlamydia pneumoniae serology today.		2003	14606697
prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae in japanese rural districts; association of smoking and physical activity with chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity.	we conducted a large-scale cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae and clarify the association between seropositivity and risk factors, such as smoking status, physical activity and body mass index in japanese rural districts.	2003	14606708
role of chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae as causative agents of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalised children and adolescents.	the aim of the study presented here was to determine the prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae versus mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in paediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia. a total of 50 patients (mean age, 5.5 years; median, 3.9 years) with community-acquired pneumonia were enrolled. four patients were found to have chlamydia pneumoniae infection (1 culture positive, 1 pcr positive and 2 serology positive) and 16 patients had mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (2 pcr positive, 4 p ...	2003	14610659
is there an increased prevalence of c. pneumoniae and h. pylori in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?		2003	14611127
update of practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults.		2003	14614663
aetiology and clinical presentation of mild community-acquired bacterial pneumonia.	a prospective study was initiated to analyse the bacterial aetiology and clinical picture of mild community-acquired pneumonia in slovenia using the previously described pneumonia severity index. radiographically confirmed cases of pneumonia in patients treated with oral antibiotics in seven study centres were included. an aetiological diagnosis was attempted using culture of blood and sputum, urinary antigen testing for streptococcus pneumoniae and legionella pneumophila, and antibody testing f ...	2003	13680399