Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| clinical benefits with oseltamivir in treating influenza in adult populations : results of a pooled and subgroup analysis. | influenza is a potentially life-threatening illness that affects approximately 10% of the population annually, with resulting personal misery and societal disruption. oseltamivir is a novel influenza treatment that has been extensively investigated. we describe a series of retrospective analyses investigating various measures of clinical efficacy across different populations of influenza-infected patients enrolled in studies of oseltamivir (tamiflu((r))) that were conducted within the clinical d ... | 2003 | 17535069 |
| vaccinations may induce diabetes-related autoantibodies in one-year-old children. | vaccinations have been discussed as one among many environmental candidates contributing to the immune process that later may lead to type 1 diabetes. abis (all babies in southeast sweden) is a prospective cohort study following a nonselected birth cohort of general population. in a randomly selected sample collection from 4400 children, gada and ia-2a have been determined at the age of 1 year. the information on vaccinations was collected from questionnaires answered by the parents and was rela ... | 2003 | 14679101 |
| 5'-nor carbocyclic ribavirin. | an efficient synthesis of 5'-nor carbocyclic ribavirin (4) is described in 13 steps from conveniently available (+)-(ir,4s)-4-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-yl acetate (6). compound 4 was evaluated against the following viruses: herpes simplex type 1 and 2, vaccinia, cowpox, smallpox, ebola, hepatitis b, hepatitis c, adenovirus type 1, influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2), influenza b, parainfluenza type 3, pichinde, punta toro a, respiratory syncytial, rhinovirus type 2, venezuelan equine encephalitis, yellow ... | 2003 | 14680022 |
| [seropositivity against atypical pneumonia agents demonstrated in patients with community-acquired pneumonia]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the igg and igm antibody positivities against atypical pneumonia agents in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap), and to compare the results with the controls. the serum samples which were collected from 53 adult patients and 20 healthy donors have been investigated by a commercial indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa, pneumo-slide, vircell sl, spain) in which nine different antigens were fixed onto a slide. in both of the study groups. igg an ... | 2003 | 14748261 |
| the ion channels coded by viruses. | pathogenicity and virulence are multifactorial traits, depending on interaction of viruses with susceptible cells and organisms. the ion channels coded by viruses, viroporins, represent only one factor taking part in the cascade of interactions between virus and cell, leading to the entry of virus, replication and to profound changes in membrane permeability. the m2 protein from influenza a virus forms proton-selective, ph-regulated channel involved in regulating vesicular ph, a function importa ... | 2003 | 14750442 |
| heterogeneous influenza activity across europe during the winter of 2002-2003. | influenza activity varied across europe during the 2002-2003 season both in terms of the intensity of clinical activity and the circulating virus types/subtypes. influenza b was generally predominant in the 'western' parts of europe (portugal, spain, the united kingdom and ireland) and influenza a (h3n2) in the 'central' and 'eastern' areas (germany, italy, denmark, switzerland, poland, slovenia, the slovak republic, the netherlands). a number of countries experienced mixed seasons, first experi ... | 2003 | 14724332 |
| the use of near patient tests in influenza surveillance: swiss experience and eiss recommendations. | surveillance requires time for analysis and for the communication to physicians. in order to reduce this delay, a new surveillance system based on the use of a near patient test (npt) has been evaluated. the high specificity of npt together with the rapidity in obtaining the results, make these tests attractive for surveillance of influenza epidemic in community practice. such surveillance has been used in several countries including switzerland. four different seasons - between 1999 and 2003 - ... | 2003 | 14724333 |
| [the surveillance and facing new challenge of influenza]. | 2003 | 15470772 | |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--united states, 2002-03 season. | 2003 | 12515266 | |
| mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the united states. | influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) cause substantial morbidity and mortality. statistical methods used to estimate deaths in the united states attributable to influenza have not accounted for rsv circulation. | 2003 | 12517228 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 2003-04 season. | influenza began circulating in the united states unusually early this season, and influenza activity nationwide is expected to increase. cases of severe disease, including deaths, have been reported in children. this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states during the weeks ending october 4-december 6, 2003. during the week ending december 6, influenza activity was reported to cdc as widespread in 24 states. the early season and the unusually high and persistent demand for vacci ... | 2003 | 14668710 |
| detection of influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus during asthma attacks in children older than 2 years old. | viral upper respiratory tract infections (urti) have been correlated with the onset of asthma attacks in children and viral identification was reported in 14-49 % of nasal samples. the aim of the present study was to detect influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in older children during acute asthma attacks. | 2003 | 14670285 |
| coexistent yellow nail syndrome and selective antibody deficiency. | yellow nail syndrome (yns) is a rare, often underdiagnosed condition of unknown origin. the clinical features of the syndrome include yellow nails, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, pleural effusion, and lymphoedema. despite the frequent occurrence of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in patients with yns, comprehensive analysis of their humoral immunity has not been previously reported. | 2003 | 14692436 |
| heterocyclic rimantadine analogues with antiviral activity. | 2-(1-adamantyl)pyrrolidines 6, 7, 2-(1-adamantyl)piperidines 10, 12a-c, 15a,b and 2-(1-adamantyl)hexahydroazepines 19, 21, 22 were synthesized and tested for their antiviral activity against influenza a, b viruses and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2). the synthetic procedure followed for the preparation of the parent piperidine 10 represents a general method for the synthesis of 2-alkyl- or cycloalkyl-substituted piperidine alkaloids. parent aminoadamantanes 6, ... | 2003 | 14642592 |
| life events, perceived stress and antibody response to influenza vaccination in young, healthy adults. | chronic stress has been associated with impaired response to influenza vaccination in the elderly. this study investigated whether mild, intermittent stress experienced by young, healthy adults has a similar effect. | 2003 | 14642989 |
| influenza. | although most influenza infections are self-limited, few other diseases exert such a huge toll of suffering and economic loss. despite the importance of influenza, there had been, until recently, little advance in its control since amantadine was licensed almost 40 years ago. during the past decade, evidence has accrued on the protection afforded by inactivated vaccines and the safety and efficacy in children of live influenza-virus vaccines. there have been many new developments in vaccine tech ... | 2003 | 14643124 |
| [community acquired pneumonia and influenza in children]. | children without chronic or serious medical conditions are at increased risk for hospitalization during influenza seasons, mainly with respiratory tract infections. but influenza virus infections frequently remain undiagnosed, even in hospitalized patients. we prospectively studied the rate of concomitant and preceding influenza infections in children hospitalized with a community acquired pneumonia (cap). | 2003 | 14643533 |
| cocirculation and evolution of two lineages of influenza b viruses in europe and israel in the 2001-2002 season. | forty-nine influenza b virus isolates collected in belgium, finland, spain, and israel during the 2001-2002 winter season were categorized into either of two lineages, b/yamagata/16/88 or b/victoria/2/87, based on the phylogenetic studies of ha1 sequences. the data trace the geographic spread of b/victoria/2/87-like viruses and support the emergence of b/hong kong/1351/02-like viruses, possibly due to selective advantages of reassortment. | 2003 | 14662979 |
| molecular characterization of influenza b viruses circulating in northern italy during the 2001-2002 epidemic season. | during the 2001-2002 influenza season, virological surveillance highlighted the predominant circulation of b viruses (86% of isolates) in italy, in contrast to many other countries in europe and north america where ah3n2 viruses were isolated most frequently, and in contrast to the infrequent isolation of b viruses in italy during the previous two years. associated with this predominance of influenza b was the re-emergence of b/victoria/2/87-lineage viruses, closely related to b viruses prevalen ... | 2003 | 12767012 |
| pyrrolidinobenzoic acid inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidase: modifications of essential pyrrolidinone ring substituents. | we recently reported the first benzoic acid, 1-[4-carboxy-2-(3-pentylamino)phenyl]-5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (8), that is a potent inhibitor of avian influenza a neuraminidase (n9) and, unlike other reported potent neuraminidase inhibitors, does not contain a basic aliphatic amine or guanidine nor a simple n-acetyl grouping. however, 8 was a poor inhibitor of influenza b neuraminidase. in the present study we further evaluated 8 as an inhibitor of human influenza a na isolates, and ... | 2003 | 12788348 |
| localization of influenza virus proteins to nuclear dot 10 structures in influenza virus-infected cells. | we studied influenza virus m1 protein by generating hela and mdck cell lines that express m1 genetically fused to green fluorescent protein (gfp). gfp-m1 was incorporated into virions produced by influenza virus infected mdck cells expressing the fusion protein indicating that the fusion protein is at least partially functional. following infection of either hela or mdck cells with influenza a virus (but not influenza b virus), gfp-m1 redistributes from its cytosolic/nuclear location and accumul ... | 2003 | 12788628 |
| effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors in treatment and prevention of influenza a and b: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. | to review the clinical effectiveness of oseltamivir and zanamivir for the treatment and prevention of influenza a and b. | 2003 | 12791735 |
| non-responders to egg grown influenza vaccine seroconvert after booster immunization with mdck cell grown vaccine. | we have investigated whether 'at risk' subjects who did not respond serologically during a pre-study vaccination with a commercial egg grown influenza sub-unit vaccine would respond to a subsequent vaccination with either a single dose of mdck cell grown influenza vaccine or a standard egg grown influenza vaccine containing the same virus strains. we studied 48 non-responder subjects with a mean age 67.5, range: 34-82 years. in this non-responder group the increased immune response that was dete ... | 2003 | 12798612 |
| the immunogenicity of oral poliomyelitis vaccine in a primary vaccination series at 2, 4 and 6 months given concurrently with hib, hepatitis b and diphtheria, tetanus and whole-cell pertussis vaccines administered as three separate injections or as a combination pentavalent vaccine. | the increasing number of infant immunisations has spurred development of novel combination vaccines. this investigation assesses the immunogenicity of oral poliomyelitis vaccine (opv) under current and possible new conditions, to help ensure vaccination regimes continue to provide optimal protection against polio in the final stages of polio eradication. neutralising antibody titres were measured in approximately 200 infants immunised with opv at 2, 4 and 6 months in tandem with either a combine ... | 2003 | 12798634 |
| febrile respiratory tract illness in a 3-month old infant. | 2003 | 12803175 | |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, 2002-03 season, and composition of the 2003-04 influenza vaccine. | in collaboration with the world health organization (who), its collaborating laboratories, state and local health departments, health-care providers, and vital statistic registries, cdc conducts surveillance to monitor influenza activity and to detect antigenic changes in the circulating strains of influenza viruses. during the 2002-03 influenza season, influenza a (h1), a (h3n2), and b viruses co-circulated in the northern hemisphere. human infections with avian influenza a (h5n1) and a (h7n7) ... | 2003 | 12803198 |
| [influenza]. | influenza (flu) is an acute contagious viral infection characterized by inflammation of the respiratory tract that every winter affects more than 100 million people in europe, japan and the united states of america, also being responsible for several thousand of excess deaths (data from the united states reveal between 20,000 to 40,000 excess deaths annually). the mixovirus influenzae is the agent that causes influenza, commonly called flu. there are 3 types of influenza virus: a, b, c, and only ... | 2003 | 12806464 |
| generation of influenza a viruses with chimeric (type a/b) hemagglutinins. | to gain insight into the intertypic incompatibility between type a and b influenza viruses, we focused on the hemagglutinin (ha) gene, systematically studying the compatibility of chimeric (type a/b) has with a type a genetic background. an attempt to generate a reassortant containing an intact type b ha segment in a type a virus background by reverse genetics was unsuccessful despite transcription of the type b ha segment by the type a polymerase complex. although a type a virus with a chimeric ... | 2003 | 12829842 |
| a point mutation in influenza b neuraminidase confers resistance to peramivir and loss of slow binding. | the influenza neuraminidase (na) inhibitors peramivir, oseltamivir, and zanamivir are potent inhibitors of nas from both influenza a and b strains. in general, these inhibitors are slow, tight binders of na, exhibiting time-dependent inhibition. a mutant of influenza virus b/yamagata/16/88 which was resistant to peramivir was generated by passage of the virus in tissue culture, in the presence of increasing concentrations (0.1-120 microm over 15 passages) of the compound. whereas the wild type ( ... | 2003 | 12834856 |
| antiviral activity of inonotus hispidus. | the antiviral activity of two phenolic compounds, hispolon and hispidin, isolated from the fruit bodies of the basidiomycete inonotus hispidus as well as of some extracts prepared from fruit bodies and mycelial cultures of this fungus was investigated in allantois on the shell-test system. ethanolic extracts, hispidin and hispolon showed considerable antiviral activity against influenza viruses type a and b. | 2003 | 12837367 |
| polysaccharide antibody responses are impaired post bone marrow transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency, but not other primary immunodeficiencies. | established treatment of severe combined immunodeficiencies (scid) and other primary immunodeficiencies (pid) is bone marrow transplantation (bmt). normal lymphocyte numbers and protein antigen responses are present within 2 years of bmt, polysaccharide antibody responses appear last. streptococcus pneumoniae infection causes significant morbidity and mortality post-bmt. previous studies have shown good protein antigen responses post-bmt for scid and pid, but had not examined the polysaccharide ... | 2003 | 12838289 |
| suboptimal detection of influenza virus in adults by the directigen flu a+b enzyme immunoassay and correlation of results with the number of antigen-positive cells detected by cytospin immunofluorescence. | to provide 24-h influenza diagnosis for adults presenting to the emergency department, the directigen flu a+b enzyme immunoassay (eia) was performed in the chemistry laboratory during the night shift. nasopharyngeal swabs were retested by cytospin-enhanced direct immunofluorescence (dfa; simulfluor respiratory screen) when the virology laboratory opened. the influenza eia detected 16 influenza a virus infections, whereas cytospin-enhanced dfa detected 31 influenza a virus infections as well as 3 ... | 2003 | 12843105 |
| influenza b virus bm2 protein has ion channel activity that conducts protons across membranes. | successful uncoating of the influenza b virus in endosomes is predicted to require acidification of the interior of the virus particle. we report that a virion component, the bm2 integral membrane protein, when expressed in xenopus oocytes or in mammalian cells, causes acidification of the cells and possesses ion channel activity consistent with proton conduction. furthermore, coexpression of bm2 with hemagglutinin (ha) glycoprotein prevents ha from adopting its low-ph-induced conformation durin ... | 2003 | 12852861 |
| production and characterization of a human recombinant monoclonal fab fragment specific for influenza a viruses. | a human recombinant monoclonal fab fragment that specifically recognizes all the influenza a virus strains tested was produced in transformed escherichia coli using the phage display technique. no strain of influenza b virus reacted with it. it was purified after four cycles of panning and by a single passage through an immunoaffinity column. about 1 mg of pure monoclonal antibody was obtained from 1 liter of culture medium in 3 working days. the fab fragment reacted with a viral 27-kda protein, ... | 2003 | 12853404 |
| neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza a and b: study showed benefits of treatment are marginal. | 2003 | 12855537 | |
| neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza a and b: antivirals need to be protected from adverse conditions to retain effectiveness. | 2003 | 12855538 | |
| neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza a and b: prose may be as useful as poems. | 2003 | 12855540 | |
| winter respiratory viruses and health care use: a population-based study in the northwest united states. | to quantify health care use among adults during influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) seasons, we identified a cohort of veterans aged >or=18 years who used department of veterans affairs (va) facilities in oregon and washington states as their source of health care. during 1998-2000, veterans accrued 237,159 person-years of follow-up. using va data sources, we measured acute cardiopulmonary hospitalizations and primary care and urgent care visits. differences between rates of study ev ... | 2003 | 12856212 |
| respiratory tract viral infections in bone marrow transplant patients. | community respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), adenovirus, influenza a, influenza b, and the parainfluenza group are frequent causes of respiratory disease in bone marrow transplant (bmt) patients. | 2003 | 12865800 |
| [antigenic and genetic characterizations of victoria like strain of influenza b viruses isolated in china in 2001]. | to understand the antigenic and genetic characteristics of victoria like strain of influenza b virus isolated recently and to provide a scientific evidence for influenza surveillance and monitoring of influenza epidemic in future. | 2003 | 12870010 |
| a randomized controlled trial comparing split and subunit influenza vaccines in adults in colombia. | in a two-center, comparative trial, 344 adults were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of inactivated split-virion (imovax gripe) or sub-unit (agrippal s1) influenza vaccine (1999-2000 formulations). for analysis, study groups were subdivided into adult (18-60 years old) and elderly (over 60 years) subjects. blood was drawn immediately before and one month after vaccination, safety was evaluated using a blind-observer design based on reporting of solicited and unsolicited adverse events. ... | 2003 | 12876902 |
| influenza b acute necrotizing encephalopathy: a case report and literature review. | the case of a 9-year-old girl with acute encephalopathy with evidence of influenza b virus infection and bilateral basal ganglia lesions is reported. the literature on acute necrotizing encephalopathy is reviewed, and other causes of bilateral basal ganglia lesions are discussed. | 2003 | 12878304 |
| impact of oseltamivir treatment on influenza-related lower respiratory tract complications and hospitalizations. | influenza causes lower respiratory tract complications (lrtcs), particularly bronchitis and pneumonia, in both otherwise healthy adults and those with underlying conditions. the aim of this study was to assess the effect of oseltamivir treatment on the incidence of lrtcs leading to antibiotic treatment and hospitalizations following influenza illness. | 2003 | 12885681 |
| [differences in oligomerization of nucleocapsid protein of epidemic human influenza a(h1n1), a(h1n2) and b viruses]. | a comparative analysis of involving the nucleocapsid protein (np) into shaping-up of sds-resistant oligomers was carried out presently in circulating epidemic strains of human influenza, viruses a and b. the study results of viral isolates obtained from clinical samples and recent standard strains revealed that the involvement of np in the sds-resistant oligomers, which are different in various subtypes of influenza a viruses. according to this sign, the human viruses a(9h3n2) are close to the a ... | 2003 | 12894477 |
| comparison of the directigen flu a+b test, the quickvue influenza test, and clinical case definition to viral culture and reverse transcription-pcr for rapid diagnosis of influenza virus infection. | the diagnostic performances of the clinical case definition of influenza virus infection based on the combination of fever and cough and of two rapid influenza diagnostic tests, the directigen flu a+b test (directigen; bd diagnostic systems, sparks, md.) and the quickvue influenza test (quickvue; quidel, san diego, calif.), were compared to those of viral culture and an in-house reverse transcription (rt)-pcr during the 2000-2001 flu season. two hundred consecutive nasopharyngeal aspirates were ... | 2003 | 12904343 |
| estimating efficacy of trivalent, cold-adapted, influenza virus vaccine (caiv-t) against influenza a (h1n1) and b using surveillance cultures. | the authors report on a community-based, nonrandomized, open-label study, conducted during the 2000-2001 influenza season in temple-belton, texas, of the protective effectiveness of trivalent, cold-adapted, influenza virus vaccine (caiv-t) in children aged 18 months-18 years. the dominant circulating strains in 2000-2001 were influenza a/new caledonia/20/99 (h1n1) and influenza b/sichuan/379/99. children had access to caiv-t during the 1998-1999, 1999-2000, and 2000-2001 influenza seasons. the v ... | 2003 | 12915495 |
| chimeric influenza a viruses with a functional influenza b virus neuraminidase or hemagglutinin. | reassortment of influenza a and b viruses has never been observed in vivo or in vitro. using reverse genetics techniques, we generated recombinant influenza a/wsn/33 (wsn) viruses carrying the neuraminidase (na) of influenza b virus. chimeric viruses expressing the full-length influenza b/yamagata/16/88 virus na grew to titers similar to that of wild-type influenza wsn virus. recombinant viruses in which the cytoplasmic tail or the cytoplasmic tail and the transmembrane domain of the type b na w ... | 2003 | 12915528 |
| genetic and phenotypic analysis of reassortants of high growth and low growth strains of influenza b virus. | the yield of influenza virus in eggs is critical to influenza vaccine production and availability, but the contribution of specific genes to the growth properties of influenza b viruses is not well understood. influenza b/beijing/184/93 and b/shangdong/7/97 were chosen for study because b/shangdong/7/97 replicated to several fold higher titers in eggs than b/beijing/184/93 as demonstrated by hemagglutination titers and eid50. a reassortant with the ha, np and pb2 genes from b/beijing/184/93 and ... | 2003 | 12922121 |
| [development of a live culture of cold-adapted reassortant influenza vaccines]. | optimal conditions for the cultivation of the mdck cell lines in the laboratory spinner or by using the eagle-mem with or without fetal serum were worked out. the cold-adapted reassortant vaccine strains of virus influenza a/h1n1, a/h3n2 and b are well replicated in the mdck cells both in a monolayer and in the spinner by using the serum-free medium. a maximum virus titer depends on a multiplicity of infection used in a fetal medium and on the addition of trypsin. under the optimal conditions, t ... | 2003 | 12924092 |
| [influenza in poland in 2001]. | in 2001 the number of cases of influenza and influenza-like illness (ili) registered in poland amounted to 576,449. this is 36.1% of the number of cases recorded in 2000. the highest influenza incidence was found in dolnoślaskie voivodship (3013.4 per 100,000), mazowieckie voivodship (2688.5 per 100,000) and zachodniopomorskie voivodship (2132.2 per 100,000). in children aged 0 to 14 years the number of influenza and ili cases amounted to 275,358 (incidence was 3851.4 per 100,000) and this is 47 ... | 2003 | 12926309 |
| annual report of the national influenza surveillance scheme, 2002. | surveillance for influenza in australia in 2002 was based on notifications to the national notifiable diseases surveillance system from all states and territories, national and state-based sentinel practice consultations for influenza-like illness and reports of influenza virus isolations from a laboratory network. the impact of influenza was assessed by absenteeism data from a major national employer. influenza a was the dominant type, 99 per cent of which were subtype h3n2 with only a single h ... | 2003 | 12926731 |
| rapid detection of influenza a and b viruses in clinical specimens by light cycler real time rt-pcr. | the influenza viruses cause morbidity and mortality annually among children and elderly. surveillance and rapid diagnosis is imperative in the reference laboratory, as clinical symptoms are insufficient for proper diagnosis. | 2003 | 12927751 |
| systemic cytokine responses in patients with influenza-associated encephalopathy. | influenza-associated encephalopathy, a severe neurologic complication of influenza, is being reported more frequently in japan. we investigated the transcription of cytokine genes in peripheral blood leukocytes and compared patients with influenza and with encephalopathy or febrile convulsions and patients with influenza but without neurologic complications. a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) revealed that transcription of the interleukin (il)-6, il-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alph ... | 2003 | 12934185 |
| [spread and properties of epidemic influenza a and b virus strains accountable for morbidity in russia during 1999-2002]. | the strains of influenza a -a(h1n1), a(h3n2) and b viruses were shown in the paper to have been circulating in russia in 1999-2002. a co-circulation of viruses of 2 to 3 types was detected in all epidemic seasons. a majority of strains was isolated on the culture of cells mdck. a study of epidemic strains revealed the predominance of viruses a(h3n2) in 1999-2000, the predominance of viruses a(h1n1) in 2000-2001, and the predominance of influenza b viruses in 2001-2002. according to the conducted ... | 2003 | 12945200 |
| antigenic and genomic relation between human influenza viruses that circulated in argentina in the period 1995-1999 and the corresponding vaccine components. | the analysis of epidemic influenza virus has been focused on antigenic and genomic characterization of the hemagglutinin (ha) glycoprotein in order to detect new variants for the recommendation of the vaccine strains in each season. since october 1998, who organized a second meeting to evaluate the vaccine formula for the southern hemisphere. | 2003 | 12957183 |
| genescan reverse transcription-pcr assay for detection of six common respiratory viruses in young children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness. | a reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay based on automated fluorescent capillary electrophoresis and genescan software analysis was developed to detect six common respiratory viruses in clinical specimens from young children. assays for human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv); human parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3 (hpiv1, -2, and -3, respectively); and influenza a and b viruses were incorporated into a single standard assay format. the optimized assay panel was used to test 470 respiratory ... | 2003 | 12958260 |
| hla class ii-restricted cd4+ t cell responses directed against influenza viral antigens postinfluenza vaccination. | the memory t cell response is polyclonal, with the magnitude and specificity of the response controlled in part by the burst size of t cells expanded from effector/memory precursors. sensitive assays using hla class ii multimers were used to detect low-frequency ag-specific t cells directed against influenza viral ags in subjects immunized with the influenza vaccine. direct ex vivo tetramer staining of pbmc from five individuals identified frequencies of hemagglutinin (ha) 306-318 tetramer bindi ... | 2003 | 12960344 |
| crystal structure of the m1 protein-binding domain of the influenza a virus nuclear export protein (nep/ns2). | during influenza virus infection, viral ribonucleoproteins (vrnps) are replicated in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm before assembling into mature viral particles. nuclear export is mediated by the cellular protein crm1 and putatively by the viral protein nep/ns2. proteolytic cleavage of nep defines an n-terminal domain which mediates rangtp-dependent binding to crm1 and a c-terminal domain which binds to the viral matrix protein m1. the 2.6 a crystal structure of the c-termina ... | 2003 | 12970177 |
| organization and expression strategy of the ambisense genome of densonucleosis virus of galleria mellonella. | the expression strategy of parvoviruses of the densovirus genus has as yet not been reported. clones were obtained from the densonucleosis virus of galleria mellonella (gmdnv) that yielded infectious virus upon transfection into ld652 cells. its genome was found to be the longest (6,039 nucleotides [nt]), with the largest inverted terminal repeats (itrs) (550 nt) among all parvoviruses. the distal 136 nt could be folded into hairpins with flop or flip sequence orientations. in contrast to verteb ... | 2003 | 12970420 |
| influenza b virus bm2 protein is transported through the trans-golgi network as an integral membrane protein. | a bicistronic mrna transcribed from the influenza b virus rna segment 7 encodes two viral proteins, matrix protein m1 and uncharacterized small protein bm2. in the present study, we focused on the cytoplasmic transport and cellular membrane association of bm2. immunofluorescence studies of virus-infected cells indicated that bm2 accumulated at the golgi apparatus immediately after synthesis and then was transported to the plasma membrane through the trans-golgi network. localization of a set of ... | 2003 | 12970447 |
| isolation and identification of influenza virus strains circulating in thailand in 2001. | local influenza surveillance plays an important role in preparing for, and responding to, epidemics and pandemics. between january and december 2001, the national institute of health of thailand collected a total of 711 throat swab specimens from outpatients affected with acute respiratory symptoms from several centers throughout thailand, of which 374 were virus-positive. of these, 338 (90.4%) were positive for influenza virus by immunofluorescence testing. by hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) t ... | 2003 | 12971520 |
| [comparative study on safety and immunogenicity between influenza subunit vaccine and split vaccine]. | to compare the reactogenicity and serology between influenza subunit vaccine and split vaccine. | 2003 | 12975010 |
| recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2003-2004 influenza season. | 2003 | 12666272 | |
| rapid antigen testing for the surveillance of influenza epidemics. | to assess the use of a 'near patient' test for rapid antigen detection to obtain the more timely acquisition of data for the surveillance of influenza epidemics. | 2003 | 12667239 |
| [influenza activity in china from 2000 to 2001]. | to understand the epidemics and antigenic drift of influenza viruses in china from 2000 to 2001. | 2003 | 12678953 |
| [application of molecular biological techniques in the surveillance of influenza viruses in infants and young children]. | to establish a rapid, specific and effective technique for identifying subtyping a(1), a(3) and b of influenza virus isolates and clinical specimens as well as to analyze the sequences of nucleotides and deduced amino acids of ha1 regions from isolates of influenza virus a(3) isolated from 1996 to 2002. | 2003 | 12678954 |
| [analysis on the aetiology of influenza in children in tianjin]. | to analyse the pathogen of child patients with influenza in tianjin area. | 2003 | 12678956 |
| an outbreak of coronavirus oc43 respiratory infection in normandy, france. | the 2 groups of human coronaviruses (hcovs) represented by the prototype strains hcov 229e and hcov oc43 are mostly known as viruses responsible for common cold syndrome. hcovs are difficult to detect, and epidemiological data are rare. from october 2000 through april 2001, we tested 1803 respiratory samples for hcov by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. from 8 february through 27 march 2001, hcov oc43 was detected in samples obtained from 30 (6%) of 501 patients. the other viruses ... | 2003 | 12684910 |
| treatment and prevention of influenza: swedish recommendations. | the introduction of the 2 neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) zanamivir and oseltamivir has offered new options for the prevention and treatment of influenza. this article summarizes a swedish consensus guidance document on the rational use of antiviral drugs in the management of influenza virus infections. vaccination remains the cornerstone for influenza prophylaxis. target groups for the annual vaccination programme are the 'at-risk' individuals, i.e. elderly patients ( > or = 65 y) and patients ... | 2003 | 12685876 |
| elevated anticardiolipin antibodies in acute liver failure. | antibodies to cardiolipin (acla), a phospholipid primarily localized in inner mitochondrial membranes, were transiently elevated (p<0.01) when mice were exposed to an industrial surfactant and then infected with influenza b virus, a model of acute liver failure (alf). children with alf also had elevated levels of acla. | 2003 | 12697298 |
| zstatflu-ii test: a chemiluminescent neuraminidase assay for influenza viral diagnostics. | the zstatflu-ii test is a highly sensitive, specific, rapid, point-of-care chemiluminescent diagnostic test for influenza infection. influenza viral neuraminidase-specific substrate, spiroadamantyl-1,2-dioxetane-4,7-dimethoxy-n-acetyl-neuraminic acid, is at the core of the zstatflu-ii test. the enzymatic reaction was carried out at 25 degrees c and neutral ph, representing the optimum assay conditions for influenza types a and b viral neuraminidases. the results were outputted on a polaroid trad ... | 2003 | 12701088 |
| the nb protein of influenza b virus is not necessary for virus replication in vitro. | the nb protein of influenza b virus is thought to function as an ion channel and therefore would be expected to have an essential function in viral replication. because direct evidence for its absolute requirement in the viral life cycle is lacking, we generated nb knockout viruses by reverse genetics and tested their growth properties both in vitro and in vivo. mutants not expressing nb replicated as efficiently as the wild-type virus in cell culture, whereas in mice they showed restricted grow ... | 2003 | 12719596 |
| a large outbreak of influenza a and b on a cruise ship causing widespread morbidity. | in september 2000 an outbreak of influenza-like illness was reported on a cruise ship sailing between sydney and noumea with over 1,100 passengers and 400 crew on board. laboratory testing of passengers and crew indicated that both influenza a and b had been circulating on the ship. the cruise coincided with the peak influenza period in sydney. morbidity was high with 40 passengers hospitalized, two of whom died. a questionnaire was sent to passengers 3 weeks after the cruise and 836 of 1,119 (7 ... | 2003 | 12729195 |
| comparison of lateral-flow immunoassay and enzyme immunoassay with viral culture for rapid detection of influenza virus in nasal wash specimens from children. | the performance of two commercially available rapid test kits for influenza virus detection was compared to that of viral culture by using 356 nasal wash specimens collected during the 2001 to 2002 influenza season. overall, the two rapid tests were easy to perform and showed comparable sensitivities (70.4 and 72.2%) and specificities (97.7 and 98.3%); for both test kit groups, most of the specimens that yielded false-negative results were found to be growing influenza b virus. | 2003 | 12734259 |
| comparison of the denka-seiken influ a.b-quick and bd directigen flu a+b kits with direct fluorescent-antibody staining and shell vial culture methods for rapid detection of influenza viruses. | the influ a.b-quick and directigen flu a+b enzyme immunoassays were compared with direct immunofluorescence and cell culture for detection of influenza a and b viruses in a total of 255 patient specimens. both assays identified 23 of 42 influenza a viruses (sensitivity, 54.8%; specificity, 100%; positive predictive value [ppv], 100%; negative predictive value [npv], 91.8%). the influ a.b-quick assay identified 10 of 16 influenza b viruses (sensitivity, 62.5%; specificity, 99.6%; ppv, 90.9%; npv, ... | 2003 | 12734274 |
| optimized detection of respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions. | nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) from 121 (110 pediatric) patients with acute respiratory infections were examined for respiratory virus detection by: i) conventional virus isolation in cell cultures (cc) using hep-2, llc-mk2, and mdck cells; ii) rapid virus isolation using shell vial cultures (svc) of a mixture (mix) of mink lung epithelial cells (mv1lu) and human lung carcinoma (a549) cells in comparison to llc-mk2 and mdck cells; iii) direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) assay on nps cells. a poo ... | 2003 | 12737194 |
| detection of influenza virus from throat and pharyngeal swabs with a nested duplex light cycler rt-pcr. | a rapid duplex rt-pcr method was developed using the roche lightcycler technology for detection of influenza type a and influenza type b viruses. ninety-seven clinical specimens were analyzed using the lightcycler method compared with conventional viral culture. thirty-seven specimens (38.1%) were positive by rt-pcr using matrix protein (mp) primers for influenza a or b virus, compared to thirteen culture positive specimens (13.4%). all culture positive specimens were also positive by rt-pcr. a ... | 2003 | 12742317 |
| detection of rna viruses in sudden infant death (sid). | continuing previous work, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction approaches for the detection of rna viruses (influenza a+b, parainfluenza virus 3, respiratory syncytial virus) were developed. a total of 118 infant deaths, including 13 cases of non-natural death (nnd), 78 cases of natural death (nd) without morphological signs of interstitial pneumonia (ip), 27 cases showing ip (nd+ip), were investigated using frozen lung tissue ( n=100) and paraffin-embedded material ( n=18). in five o ... | 2003 | 12750907 |
| occurrence of influenza b/hong kong-like strains in brazil, during 2002. | through the influenza virus surveillance from january to october 2002, influenza b/hong kong-like strains circulating in the southeast and centre east regions of brazil have been demonstrated. this strain is a variant from b/victoria/02/88 whose since 1991 and until recently have been isolated relatively infrequently and have been limited to south-eastern asia. a total of 510 respiratory secretions were collected from patients 0 to 60 years of age, with acute respiratory illness, living in the s ... | 2003 | 12751324 |
| differences in clinical features between influenza a h1n1, a h3n2, and b in adult patients. | the differences in clinical features between influenza a h1n1, a h3n2, and b in the past three influenza seasons were examined. | 2003 | 12753540 |
| a rapid method for immunotitration of influenza viruses using flow cytometry. | reliable assays for accurate titration of influenza virus in infectious samples are pivotal to both influenza research and vaccine development. a titration assay adopted commonly for this purpose is the plaque assay on madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells, despite it being time and labour consuming. a novel assay is described for titration of influenza viruses based on the detection of intracellular viral nucleoprotein (np) by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (facs). by using a panel of vir ... | 2003 | 12757922 |
| intracellular warfare between human influenza viruses and human cells: the roles of the viral ns1 protein. | 2003 | 12758165 | |
| use of a pharmacophore model to discover a new class of influenza endonuclease inhibitors. | data from both our own and literature studies of the biochemistry and inhibition of influenza virus endonuclease was combined with data on the mechanism of action and the likely active site mechanism to propose a pharmacophore. the pharmacophore was used to design a novel structural class of inhibitors, some of which were found to have activities similar to that of known influenza endonuclease inhibitors and were also antiviral in cell culture. | 2003 | 12646026 |
| encephalitis associated with influenza b virus infection in 2 children and a review of the literature. | two children with influenza b-associated encephalitis (ibae) presented to our hospital during the winter of 2000-2001, both of whom had cases notable for mutism in association with encephalitis. a review of the literature identified 13 additional reports consistent with ibae that contained sufficient data for analysis. eleven of 15 reported cases occurred in children aged <or=18 years; of these, more than one-half occurred in children <11 years of age. neurologic symptoms appeared within the fir ... | 2003 | 12652406 |
| neutralizing epitopes specific for influenza b virus yamagata group strains are in the 'loop'. | to study the neutralizing epitopes of influenza b virus yamagata group strains, two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were used to select escape mutants of the virus. mabs 5h4 and 3a12 were found to react with b/yamagata group strains in haemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests; no reactivity with b/victoria group strains was observed. most of the mutants reacted poorly to polyclonal ferret antibody against the 1998 isolate. analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences identified a singl ... | 2003 | 12655076 |
| ecological and immunological determinants of influenza evolution. | in pandemic and epidemic forms, influenza causes substantial, sometimes catastrophic, morbidity and mortality. intense selection from the host immune system drives antigenic change in influenza a and b, resulting in continuous replacement of circulating strains with new variants able to re-infect hosts immune to earlier types. this 'antigenic drift' often requires a new vaccine to be formulated before each annual epidemic. however, given the high transmissibility and mutation rate of influenza, ... | 2003 | 12660783 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 2002-03 season. | this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states during september 29, 2002-march 8, 2003, and updates the previous summary. influenza activity was mild in the united states overall but varied by region. preliminary data collected through the four components of the cdc influenza surveillance system suggest that national influenza activity peaked during the week ending february 8, 2003. | 2003 | 12665114 |
| use of induced sputum for the diagnosis of influenza and infections in asthma: a comparison of diagnostic techniques. | influenza (flu) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are important viral pathogens that cause lower respiratory tract infections and severe exacerbations of asthma. molecular biological techniques are permitting a rapid and accurate diagnosis of infections caused by respiratory pathogens, and have typically been applied to upper respiratory samples. sputum induction provides an opportunity to directly sample secretions from the lower respiratory tract. objectives/study design: to determine the ... | 2003 | 12637083 |
| [consensus recommendations for influenza therapy. proper administration of new influenza drugs]. | 2003 | 12638432 | |
| evaluation of neuraminidase enzyme assays using different substrates to measure susceptibility of influenza virus clinical isolates to neuraminidase inhibitors: report of the neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility network. | the increasing use of influenza virus neuraminidase (na) inhibitors (nis) necessitates the development of reliable methods for assessing the ni susceptibility of clinical isolates. we evaluated three na inhibition assays against a panel of five clinical isolates each of influenza virus a/h1n1, a/h3n2, and b strains and four viruses with a defined resistance genotype (r292k, h274y, r152k, and e119v). for fluorometric enzyme assay (fa) 1 (fa-1), 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-d-n-acetylneuraminic ... | 2003 | 12574276 |
| influenza vaccination and antiviral therapy: is there a role for concurrent administration in the institutionalised elderly? | influenza vaccination is estimated to be 50-68% efficacious in preventing pneumonia, hospitalisation or death in nursing home residents. large culture-proven outbreaks may occur despite high resident vaccination rates. there is, therefore, a significant role for concurrent administration of influenza vaccination and antiviral therapy. the use of antiviral treatment and chemoprophylaxis requires community reporting of viral isolates, and contingency plans for rapid case identification and applica ... | 2003 | 12578397 |
| indirect fluorescent antibody testing of nasopharyngeal swabs for influenza diagnosis in lung transplant recipients. | rapid and reliable diagnosis of respiratory viral infections (rvi) in lung transplant recipients is essential to direct therapy of acute graft dysfunction and identify epidemic trends. traditional techniques of serology and viral culture are limited by the lack of antibody response and delay in diagnosis. | 2003 | 12581764 |
| anti-influenza virus activity of crude extract of ribes nigrum l. | this experiment was designed to detect the antiviral activities of crude fruit extracts of wild ribes nigrum l. (kurokarin extract) against influenza virus types a and b. kurokarin extract was prepared as follows: fruits of ribes nigrum l. were heated at 50 degrees c in a heating tank, and then ground under anaerobic conditions. the extracts were centrifuged, and the supernatant fluid was filtered and sterilized by infrared rays. the crude extract was diluted with eagle's minimum essential mediu ... | 2003 | 12601672 |
| immunogenicity and safety of a novel liposomal influenza subunit vaccine (influsome-vac) in young adults. | influenza and its complications account for substantial morbidity and mortality among young adults and especially among the elderly. in young adults, immunization provides 70-90% protection, while among the elderly the vaccine may be only 30-40% effective; hence the need for new, more immunogenic vaccines. we compared the safety and immunogenicity of a novel il-2-supplemented liposomal influenza vaccine (designated influsome-vac) with that of a commercial subunit vaccine and a commercial split v ... | 2003 | 12601765 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 2002-03 season. | although overall influenza activity in the united states remained low from late september through early january, it is expected to increase during the coming weeks. laboratory-confirmed influenza infections have been reported from 25 states. influenza viruses isolated this season are antigenically well matched by this season's influenza vaccine. this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states during september 29, 2002-january 4, 2003, and updates the previous summary. | 2003 | 12608716 |
| detection of type and subtypes of influenza virus by hybrid formation of fret probe with amplified target dna and melting temperature analysis. | fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes were selected for three sets of reverse transcription -polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), each in duplex format to detect: (1). influenza virus type a or b; (2). neuraminidase subtypes n1 or n2; and (3). hemagglutinin subtypes h1 or h3 using lightcycler instrument. a pair of probes targeted a type or subtype specific rt-pcr amplified gene segment. the presence of a target in a set of amplification reaction was detected by increased fluorescence over ... | 2003 | 12609682 |
| influenza b virus bm2 protein is an oligomeric integral membrane protein expressed at the cell surface. | the influenza b virus bm2 protein contains 109 amino acid residues and it is translated from a bicistronic mrna in an open reading frame that is +2 nucleotides with respect to the matrix (m1) protein. the amino acid sequence of bm2 contains a hydrophobic region (residues 7-25) that could act as a transmembrane (tm) anchor. analysis of properties of the bm2 protein, including detergent solubility, insolubility in alkali ph 11, flotation in membrane fractions, and epitope-tagging immunocytochemist ... | 2003 | 12620792 |
| chemoenzymatic synthesis and application of glycopolymers containing multivalent sialyloligosaccharides with a poly(l-glutamic acid) backbone for inhibition of infection by influenza viruses. | highly water-soluble glycopolymers with poly(alpha-l-glutamic acid) (pga) backbones carrying multivalent sialyl oligosaccharides units were chemoenzymatically synthesized as polymeric inhibitors of infection by human influenza viruses. p-aminophenyl disaccharide glycosides were coupled with gamma-carboxyl groups of pga side chains and enzymatically converted to neu5acalpha2-3galbeta1-4glcnacbeta-, neu5acalpha2-6galbeta1-4glcnacbeta-, neu5acalpha2-3galbeta1-3galnacalpha-, and neu5acalpha2-3galbet ... | 2003 | 12626382 |
| n-terminus of m2 protein could induce antibodies with inhibitory activity against influenza virus replication. | new influenza vaccines have been designed based on the fact that the extracellular domain of m2 protein (m2e) is nearly invariant in all influenza a strains. to clarify which exact region of m2e could induce antibodies with inhibitory activities against influenza virus replication, four overlapping peptides covering m2e were synthesized and then coupled to the carrier protein bovine serum albumin through the cysteine of the peptides. after a vaccination course, all these four peptide vaccines co ... | 2003 | 12628550 |
| evolution of surface and nonstructural-1 genes of influenza b viruses isolated in the province of québec, canada, during the 1998-2001 period. | after 2 minor winter seasons, influenza b viruses were predominantly isolated in the province of quebec, canada, during the 2000-2001 season representing 74% of laboratory-confirmed influenza viruses. we performed an antigenic study of the hemagglutinin (ha) protein and a molecular characterization of the ha1 region, nonstructural-1 (ns1) and neuraminidase (na)/nb genes of 20 influenza b strains isolated in the province of quebec during the 1998-2001 period. our isolates were compared to recent ... | 2003 | 14501190 |