Publications

immunologic tools in the diagnosis of amebiasis: epidemiology in the united states.	several immunodiagnostic tests that detect antibody to entamoeba histolytica are now available. such tests are useful when demonstration of the etiologic agent is difficult (as in liver abscess), when routine diagnostic tests fail to disclose the organisms (as in severe intestinal disease compromised by failure of the laboratory to identify the organism or by the patient's use of interfering substances), and as epidemiologic tools for determining the prevalence of invasive disease in populations ...	1986	2871620
pathogenesis of disease caused by entamoeba histolytica: studies of adherence, secreted toxins, and contact-dependent cytolysis.	amebiasis is due to invasion of the colonic mucosa by the enteric protozoan entamoeba histolytica. the biology of the parasite and the pathogenic mechanisms of e. histolytica have been extensively studied. recent studies provide new insights into the mechanism by which amebas colonize the gut, interact with bacterial flora, adhere to and lyse tissue, and combat the host's inflammatory response. elucidation of the biochemical and cellular bases of the pathogenesis of disease caused by e. histolyt ...	1986	2871621
review of the human immune mechanisms directed against entamoeba histolytica.	the human immune mechanisms effective against the destructive parasite entamoeba histolytica have not been established. humoral responses develop with invasive disease but have not positively correlated with protection against recurrent invasive infection. though complement is amebicidal, invasive strains of amebas may be resistant. polymorphonuclear neutrophils have not been active in vitro against virulent amebic strains and could contribute to the pathogenesis of disease. in vitro studies hav ...	1986	2871622
nonresolution of an amebic liver abscess after parasitologic cure.	a 43-year-old filipino male was admitted to a manila hospital with a 1 month history of epigastric pain and fever, and was found to have a palpable epigastric mass. computerized tomography revealed a large hepatic abscess which serologically was shown to be amebic. chemotherapy resulted in clinical cure and an initial reduction in size of the liver abscess. however, resolution of the abscess cavity did not occur, and on closed needle aspiration, 80 cc of characteristic amebic pus was recovered. ...	1986	2871768
fulminant amebic colitis.	nine patients with fulminating amebic colitis who were treated surgically from 1975 to 1982 are presented. only those who had bowel resections with exteriorization of the cut ends survived. the pertinent literature is reviewed briefly.	1986	2872021
specific circulating immune complexes in amoebic liver abscess.	a micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the presence of amoebic antigen in polyethylene-glycol-precipitated circulating immune complexes (cic). a cutoff dilution of greater than 1:160 for the precipitates was taken to be of clinical significance. among the patients with amoebic liver abscess, 93% (14 of 15 confirmed cases) had indications of amoebic antigen in cic. in 57% of the suspected cases of amoebic liver abscess, amoebic antigen could be detected in cic. the specifici ...	1986	2872230
the interaction of human neutrophils and entamoeba histolytica increases cytopathogenicity for liver cell monolayers.	the in vitro interaction of neutrophils and virulent axenic entamoeba histolytica trophozoites on chang liver cells was studied to determine if the presence of neutrophils enhanced destruction of liver cell monolayers. axenic amoebae (strain hm1:imss) destroy liver cell monolayers in a dose-dependent manner (p less than .001). human neutrophils had no effect on the liver cell monolayers; however, when neutrophils were added to amoebae, destruction of monolayers was enhanced (p less than .05 comp ...	1986	2872253
isolation and characterization of phagocytosis- and virulence-deficient mutants of entamoeba histolytica.	we have used chemical mutagenesis to isolate 10 independent phagocytosis-deficient mutants of entamoeba histolytica from a highly virulent clone (strain hm1:imss). phagocytosis-deficient mutants were characterized by several biologic properties related to amoebic pathogenic mechanisms: virulence, adhesion to red blood cells, cytopathic effect of live trophozoites on cell culture monolayers, ability of amoebic extracts to destroy cell culture monolayers, and growth in semisolid agar. all of these ...	1986	2872254
purine-metabolising enzymes in entamoeba histolytica.	the enzymes that catalyse the salvage of purines in entamoeba histolytica trophozoites have been surveyed. adenine deaminase (ec 3.5.4.2), adenosine deaminase (ec 3.5.4.4), guanine deaminase (ec 3.5.4.3), adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (prtase) (ec 2.4.2.7), xanthine prtase (ec 2.4.2.22) and hypoxanthine prtase (ec 2.4.2.8) were all detected in cell homogenates but only at low activities, whereas amp deaminase (ec 3.5.4.6) and guanine prtase (ec 2.4.2.8) were not found. phosphorylases (ec 2.4 ...	1986	2872591
non-ulcerative amebiasis of rectum.		1986	2872792
entamoeba histolytica: effect of growth conditions and bacterial associates on isoenzyme patterns and virulence.	in xenic culture, isolates of entamoeba histolytica from asymptomatic carriers are characterized, with rare exception, by possession of a nonpathogenic zymodeme. during the process of axenizing such an isolate, strain cdc:0784:4, a change in the pattern of the isoenzymes from nonpathogenic zymodeme i to pathogenic zymodeme ii was observed 40 days after the amebae had been transferred from a medium for xenic cultivation to one used for axenic cultivation, but before axenization of the amebae had ...	1986	2873049
production of mouse monoclonal antibodies which inhibit in vitro adherence of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites.	adherence by axenic entamoeba histolytica trophozoites to mammalian cells is mediated by an n-acetylgalactosamine (galnac)-inhibitable adhesin on the surface of the parasite. we isolated 35 hybridoma cell lines producing antibodies to e. histolytica as indicated by elisa with sonicated amebic protein or by immunofluorescence assay with fixed whole trophozoites. tissue culture supernatants were further screened for subcloning by the ability to bind to chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells which were ...	1986	2873102
the effect of colonic bilharzial lesions on the prevalence and invasiveness of intestinal amoebiasis.		1986	2873192
evaluation of different cultures used for cultivation of entamoeba histolytica in arab republic of egypt.		1986	2873193
ionophore a23187 stimulates entamoeba histolytica to release prostaglandin f2 alpha.	high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay were used to identify the prostaglandins synthesized by entamoeba histolytica (nih:200 strain). ca2+ionophore a 23187 stimulated amebae produced elevated levels of prostaglandin f2 alpha when compared with the control cells. there were no significant differences in the levels of prostaglandin e2 and thromboxane b2. this is the first report of a stimulated non-mammalian cell producing prostaglandin f2 alpha.	1986	2873586
stimulation of dna synthesis on animal cell microcultures by a heat-stable cytoplasmic factor of entamoeba histolytica.		1986	2870593
secondary cerebral amebiasis due to infection with entamoeba histolytica. a case report with computer tomographic findings.	the clinical and serological findings and computer tomographic (ct) appearances of a case of secondary cerebral amebiasis due to entamoeba histolytica are presented. the effect of therapy on the neurological symptoms as well as on the ct findings are described in detail. the multiple intracerebral lesions resolved almost completely and the patient survived without any neurological sequelae.	1986	2870923
is entamoeba histolytica in homosexual men a pathogen?	entamoeba histolytica (eh) in homosexual men is generally considered to be pathogenic. to test this hypothesis, the generally accepted features of invasion (haematophagous trophozoites in faeces; high-titre serum antibody; moderate to severe acute inflammatory change; and presence of eh in the mucosa on rectal biopsy) and the zymodeme pattern of cultured trophozoites were assessed in twenty-three eh excretors and eleven control homosexual men. no trophozoites or antibody to eh were found in eith ...	1986	2869346
fulminant amebic colitis in a homosexual man.	this report describes a case of fulminant amebic colitis leading to perforation and death in a 35-yr-old homosexual man. although entamoeba histolytica may be isolated from stool specimens in 20 to 30% of selected homosexual populations, reports of severe or invasive disease are rare. some workers have suggested that amebae are only passive colonizers of the colon in homosexual men. in our patient, pathological examination confirmed the presence of extensive colitis with penetration of amebae th ...	1986	2869684
cysteine proteinase of entamoeba histolytica. i. partial purification and action on different enzymes.	a method for a 50-60-fold purification of a cysteine proteinase from trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica using 35-80% ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel chromatography on sephadex g-75, and preparative isoelectric focusing is described. the enzyme was examined for its proteolytic potencies towards native enzyme substrates. the amebic proteinase directly inactivates aldolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from rabbit muscle as well as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from yeast ...	1986	2870430
cysteine proteinase of entamoeba histolytica. ii. identification of the major split position in bovine insulin b-chain.	the substrate specificity of a cysteine proteinase of entamoeba histolytica was tested using the oxidized b-chain of bovine insulin. 28 proteolytic peptides were formed after different intervals of incubation and could be separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. two dominant peptides appearing after 10 min of incubation were isolated and analyzed for amino acid composition. the results obtained indicate that these two peptides were formed by cleavage of the peptide bond between the a ...	1986	2870431
activation of complement by pathogenic and nonpathogenic entamoeba histolytica.	previous studies had demonstrated that strains of entamoeba histolytica isolated from patients with colitis or amebic liver abscess were resistant to complement-mediated killing, whereas strains from asymptomatic patients were readily lysed by non-immune serum. both serum-sensitive and serum-resistant strains of e. histolytica depleted complement rapidly as assessed by ch50, c3, and c7, and c5-9 hemolytic activities. activation of the alternative pathway was important in lysis of nonpathogenic s ...	1986	2869084
patients treated for amebic liver abscess develop cell-mediated immune responses effective in vitro against entamoeba histolytica.	we studied the afferent and efferent cell-mediated immune response in 15 patients treated for amebic liver abscess. patients had a lower t4 to t8 ratio (1.25 +/- 0.65) compared with age- and sex-matched controls (1.89 +/- 0.44, p less than 0.01) due to a decrease in t4-"helper" cells and an increase in t8-"suppressor" cells (p less than 0.01). the in vitro proliferative response of patient t lymphocytes to the plant mitogen concanavalin a (con a) was depressed; responses to phytohemagglutinin we ...	1986	2869086
isoenzyme analysis of entamoeba histolytica isolated from homosexual men.		1986	2869090
the major neutral proteinase of entamoeba histolytica.	fplc anion-exchange and chromatofocusing chromatography were used to purify the major neutral proteinase from secretions of axenically cultured entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. hm-1 strain trophozoites, which were more proteolytically active than the less virulent hk-9 strain, were used for purification of the enzyme. it is a thiol proteinase with a subunit mr of approximately 56,000, a neutral ph optimum, and a pi of 6. the importance of this enzyme in extraintestinal amoebiasis is suggested ...	1986	2869098
distinction between entamoeba gingivalis and entamoeba histolytica, revisited.		1986	2868598
cutaneous amebiasis of the face: a case report.	this paper describes a case of cutaneous amebiasis of the face in a 17-month-old girl. about four weeks prior to admission she had diarrhea with high suspicion of intestinal amebiasis. fifteen days later she presented with edema of the right lower eyelid and epiphora. there was a vesicle in the inner angle of the eye which spontaneously drained, causing loss of the underlying tissue. the ulcer developed rapidly, destroying periorbital tissue. both cytology and biopsy of the ulceration border sho ...	1986	2868670
immune consequences of amebiasis.		1986	2418425
effects of amiloride on na+ content and pinocytosis in entamoeba histolytica.	amiloride, a blocker of na+ leak and na+-h+ exchange in animal cells, caused cells of entamoeba histolytica to release na+ (up to 40% of their original na+ content within 90 min, at an amiloride concentration of 3 mm); k+ content was not affected. by comparing the unidirectional uptake of 22na+ with that of the fluid-phase marker 125i-labeled poly(vinylpyrrolidone) we established that the amiloride-induced na+ loss was due to inhibition of pinocytic na+ uptake rather than to blockage of an amilo ...	1986	2867784
[isolation, characterization and in vitro translation of rna from clones of entamoeba histolytica deficient in adhesion].		1986	2439050
[axenic encystment of e. histolytica].		1986	2439051
wall synthesis in axenic cultures of entamoeba histolytica grown in pehps medium.		1986	2439052
[role of histamine in the local anti-amebic immune response].		1986	2439053
susceptibility of entamoeba histolytica to oxidants.	the effect of hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite on culture forms of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites was examined by using two strains of e. histolytica, virulent (ip:0682:1) and nonvirulent (dkb). the amoebae were incubated with various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite, and their viability was determined at different times after incubation. when the viability of the virulent and nonvirulent strains was compared to different oxidant strengths, it became apparent that the v ...	1986	2867045
studies on the substrate specificity of alpha- and beta-amylase of entamoeba histolytica.	from the supernatant fraction of cell homogenates of entamoeba histolytica alpha-amylase (1,4-alpha-d-glucan glucanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.1) and beta-amylase (1,4-alpha-d-glucan maltohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.2) were separated and purified by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing, followed by deae- and cm-chromatography, respectively. both enzymes catalyzed the degradation of amylose, amylopectin and glycogen. hydrolysis of polysaccharides by alpha-amylase yielded as reaction products maltose, maltotr ...	1986	2421162
separation and characterization of four different amylases of entamoeba histolytica. i. purification and properties.	cell homogenate of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites was investigated for amylolytic activity against various biogenic and synthetic substrates. after gel filtration of the cell homogenate on sephadex g-150, six partly separated amylases (i to vi) differing in their substrate specificities were detected using maltose, amylose, amylopectin, 4-nitrophenyl alpha-glucoside and 4-nitrophenyl alpha-maltotetraoside. all enzymes are able to degrade amylose, amylopectin, glycogen and biogenic malto-olig ...	1986	2423097
separation and characterization of four different amylases of entamoeba histolytica. ii. characterization of amylases.	purified e. histolytica amylases iii to vi were characterized by their hydrolytic behaviour towards 4-nitrophenyl alpha-malto-oligosaccharides, malto-oligosaccharides, amylose, amylopectin, glycogen and y-cyclodextrin. the influence of specific inhibitors on the amylase activity of e. histolytica was examined and compared with typical alpha- and beta-amylases. amylases iii and iv showed alpha-glucosidase and glucosyltransferase activity by cleaving terminal non-reducing glucose from pnpg1 (iii, ...	1986	2423098
entamoeba histolytica: specific antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody.	specific antigenic determinants on the membrane surface of entamoeba histolytica that distinguish it from other entamoeba species were demonstrated. evidence for these antigenic determinants was obtained with a monoclonal antibody to e. histolytica which showed not only specificity but also sensitivity as demonstrated in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the monoclonal antibody recognized an epitope present on the membrane surface of e. histolytica trop ...	1986	2423362
assessment of some preservatives and stains for entamoeba histolytica.		1986	2431077
acid intracellular vesicles and the cytolysis of mammalian target cells by entamoeba histolytica trophozoites.	entamoeba histolytica kills mammalian target cells in a multi-step sequential process with separate adherence, cytolytic, and phagocytic events. in the studies reported here, we used fluorescein isothiocyanate linked to dextran to label the endocytic vesicles of the hm1 strain of e. histolytica and measure vesicle ph (5.1 +/- 0.2 by spectrofluorimetry). concentrations of nh4cl (1.0-10.0 mm) sufficient to increase vesicle ph to greater than or equal to 5.7 inhibited amebic killing of target chine ...	1986	2432267
pathogenic and free-living protozoa cultured from the nasopharyngeal and oral regions of dental patients: ii.	protozoa of the nose, mouth, and pharynx of 30 randomly chosen male caries patients at an odontological clinic of the national autonomous university of mexico, in mexico city, were surveyed by culture from swabs. culture tubes from swabs were observed every other day for 5 weeks. pathogens found included entamoeba histolytica, naegleria fowleri, acanthamoeba castellanii, a. culbertsoni, a. polyphaga, and giardia lamblia. such isolations of pathogens suggest that patients may be healthy carriers ...	1986	3956463
entamoeba histolytica schaudinn, 1903: from xenic to axenic cultivation.		1986	3959002
prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in riyadh district, saudi arabia.	a total of 23,516 stool specimens collected from patients attending three medical centres in riyadh, saudi arabia, were examined for intestinal parasites. of these 5737 (24.4%) were positive. entamoeba histolytica (8.8%) and giardia lamblia (6.3%) were the commonest parasites found, and in the age group of one to 15 years. giardia was found in 14.8% of males and 11.9% of females. other intestinal parasites present included ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, schistosoma mansoni, hymeolepi ...	1986	3675035
intestinal parasitic infections in pre-school children in the niger delta.	stool specimens from 1,062 pre-school children in the niger delta were examined for the presence of intestinal parasites. of that number, 77.6% harboured one or more than one species of intestinal parasites. ascaris lumbricoides (51.9%) and trichuris trichiura (41.7%) were the most prevalent species recorded. other parasites harboured by these children included hymenolepis sp. (18.3%), giardia lamblia (9.2%), entamoeba histolytica (4.6%), strongyloides stercoralis (1.4%). hookworm, taenia sp., i ...	1986	3701056
amoebiasis--entamoeba histolytica infections: a review.		1986	3709394
[intestinal parasitoses in children of an indian community of bolivian altiplano].	a survey about motion parasitosis has been carried out on one hundred indians (quechua ethnic group) living in a hamlet called amarete located in the bolivian altiplano. this community is living in a place difficult to reach (11,100 feet) where many pre-colombian traditions are still alive. all children were parasitized, 75% of them were carrier of 3 to 5 parasites. infestation with ascaris (91%) is the most frequent and the risks of getting amebic dysentery (entamoeba histolytica 41%) and balan ...	1986	3731367
[a rare cause of 2 unclear fatalities: undiagnosed acute and chronic amebiasis].	two cases are reported of unexpected and unclarified death caused by an infection with entamoeba histolytica. the first case concerned a german whose disease was not diagnosed during the asymptomatic phase (2 years' duration) or in the acute phase during the last 3 weeks before death. this is typical of the disease. in the final phase, he developed a hepatic abscess. death occurred as a consequence of bilateral apoplexia in the adrenal glands. in the second case a turk fell ill with gastralgia a ...	1986	3765902
blastocystis hominis: pathogen or fellow traveler?	blastocystis hominis, an intestinal organism of uncertain taxonomic position, has long been considered nonpathogenic. some recent studies suggest, however, that it may be associated with diarrhea and may respond to treatment with iodoquinol or metronidazole. to investigate this possibility, we identified 148 persons whose stools contained this organism. of this number, 32 had at least 6 stool examinations performed. twenty-seven of the 32 persons were later found to have greater than or equal to ...	1986	3766850
protozoal enteric infections among expatriates in bangladesh.	in order to study the prevalence, incidence, and symptoms of infections with giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica, we followed 251 expatriates in bangladesh over a 1-year period. microscopic examination of fecal specimens was performed upon enrollment, at 3-month intervals, and during episodes of diarrhea. specimens were cultured for bacteria and samples of serum and saliva were collected for antibody studies (igg and siga). the prevalence of g. lamblia infections was 5.2% and the incidence ...	1986	3789269
intestinal helminthiasis and haemoparasitism in an area of endemic dracunculiasis in oyo state of nigeria.	in the course of a survey of human intestinal and haemoparasites in oluyole local government area of nigeria known to be endemic for dracunculiasis, most of the inhabitants were burdened with parasitic infections which include ascariasis (43.7%), hookworm infection (27.1%), trichuriasis (31%), strongyloidiasis (2.5%), entamoeba histolytica infestation (3.9%), e. coli infestation (2.7%) and plasmodiasis (43.7%). peak of ascariasis was among the 1-10 years age group while those of trichuriasis, ho ...	1986	2944853
cell-mediated immunity in amoebic liver abscess.	cell-mediated immunity studies were carried out in 26 cases of amoebic liver abscess by the leucocyte migration inhibition test and in 23 cases by t-cell counting. the tests were repeated after treatment and clinical recovery in 20 and 18 cases respectively. in addition, the leucocyte migration inhibition test was performed on 20 normal healthy controls and 11 entamoeba histolytica cyst passers, and t-cell counting was carried out on 18 normal healthy controls and nine e. histolytica passers. th ...	1986	3491219
human amoebiasis: epidemiological studies at two hospitals in ibadan, nigeria.	investigations were conducted into the prevalence rates of entamoeba histolytica over a five year period in ibadan, qyo state of nigeria. between 1979 and 1983, 1465 (17.23%) patients out of 8499 people examined at the university of ibadan teaching hospital were positive for the infection. within the same period only 37 (0.88%) out of 4196 people examined at the adeoyo state hospital were infected. both male and female were affected. there is also no influence of age on the prevalence rates as b ...	1986	3557832
an 88,000-mr giardia lamblia surface protein which is immunogenic in humans.	human anti-giardia lamblia sera specifically immunoprecipitated an 88,000-mr surface protein from radioiodinated trophozoites, establishing this protein as a potentially important immunogen in humans. a mouse monoclonal antibody (gl-1) was isolated which immunoprecipitated the same 88,000-mr surface protein recognized by the human sera. gl-1 gave uniform fluorescent staining of the cell surface and flagella of g. lamblia trophozoites from the portland 1 and wb strains as well as fresh clinical i ...	1986	3536744
[intestinal parasite survey in seoul by stool examination at hanyang university hospital]	the present study was undertaken to evaluate the present status of intestinal parasitic infection in seoul area, korea. during the period from june 1985 to july 1986, a total of 5,251 stool samples were collected in department of clinical pathology, hanyang university hospital and examined by formalin-ether sedimentation technique once for helminth ova and protozoan cysts. the results were summerized as follows: the overall egg positive rate of intestinal helminthes was 2.53 per cent; and 1.43 p ...	1986	12886099
[a survey on intestinal parasites of soldiers in korea]	total of 2,643 korean soldiers were examined of their stool for parasitic infections by both cellophane thick smear and formalin-ether concentration techniques from august 1983 to december 1985. out of them, 73.6% were free from any parasite, 22.6% were ova positive and 4.0% cyst positive. the ova positive rates by species were ascaris lumbricoides 2.0%, trichuris trichiura 13.0%, hookworm and trichostrongylus orientalis 0.08% respectively, clonorchis sinensis 7.6%, metagonimus yokogawai 1.1%, p ...	1986	12886100
clinical studies on amoebiasis and giardiasis evaluating the efficacy of kutaja (holarrhena antidysenterica) in entamoeba histolytica cyst passers.	the clinical study records the clinical presentations of forty cases with amoebias and / or giardiasis including the efficacy of kutaja (holarrhena antidysenterica) in intestinal amoebiasis. e. h. cyst passers also have symptoms like loose motions, constipation, flatulence, abdominal cramping, diminished appetite and mucus in stools. patients with giardiasis have more tendency to diarrhoea and flatulence with no mucus in stools. 70 per cent good response was observed in e. h. cyst passers when t ...	1986	22557529
entamoeba histolytica spread by food.		1986	18749951
limitation of communal latrines in changing the prevalence of parasites and diarrhoeal attack rate in dhaka peri-urban slums.	a study of the effects of communal latrines on diarrhoeal incidence and parasite prevalence rates was conducted in 1983 at tongi, which had five communal oxfam latrines with a manual flushing system for 924 people; and at kalsi, which had 39 open fit latrines for 823 people. inhabitants' stool samples were tested initially and also after twelve months to see the reinfection rates. all inhabitants were dewormed with pyrantel, and were visited weekly to obtain diarrhoea histories. in both communit ...	1987	15092706
entamoeba histolytica: zymodeme and pathogenicity.		1987	15462887
entamoeba histolytica: is it necessary to characterize pathogenic strains?		1987	15462888
effect of culture conditions and bacterial associates on the zymodemes of entamoeba histolytica.		1987	15462903
the reliability of entamoeba histolytica zymodemes in clinical diagnosis.		1987	15462904
the pathogenesis of amoebiasis.	amoebiasis, the infection of humans with entamoeba histolytica, has a worldwide distribution; humans are the main reservoir and source of infection(1), although some other primates can also be infected. the motile trophozoite of e. histolytica (fig. 1) lives in the lumen of the large intestine where it multiplies and eventually differentiates into cysts which are shed in the faeces and are responsible for transmission of infection. two forms of amoebiasis are recognized: luminal amoebiasis where ...	1987	15462926
zymodemes of entamoeba histolytica.		1987	15462942
treatment of intestinal e. histolytica and g. lamblia with metronidazole, tinidazole and ornidazole: a comparative study.	metronidazole, tinidazole and ornidazole were compared in patients treated for entamoeba histolytica or giardia lamblia intestinal infections. only patients with three positive stool specimens for trophozoites and/or cysts of e. histolytica or g. lamblia by the merthiolate iodine formaldehyde (mifc) technique were included. criteria for cure were at least 10 negative stool specimens over 3 weeks after completing therapy. fifty-three male patients (aged 9-65 years) had e. histolytica infection. s ...	1987	3546716
campylobacter hyointestinalis associated with human gastrointestinal disease in the united states.	campylobacter hyointestinalis was isolated from stool specimens of four persons, all of whom were experiencing nonbloody, watery diarrhea. the youngest (8 months of age) and the oldest (79 years of age) individuals were females, and the other two were homosexual men. c. hyointestinalis was the only clinically significant pathogen isolated from stool specimens for three of the individuals. in case 3 (involving a 37-year-old homosexual man), entamoeba histolytica and shigella sonnei were also pres ...	1987	3571477
diarrheal morbidity and mortality in children in the central african republic.	diarrheal morbidity and mortality in children less than 5 years old were studied in bangui, central african republic, by a cluster survey. we found a high prevalence of diarrheal disease with an estimated annual incidence of 7 episodes of diarrhea per child per year. the estimated annual mortality rate for children less than 5 years old was 28.6 per 1,000 and 85.8 per 1,000 for infants; 51.6% of deaths were reported to be associated with diarrhea. during the survey, stool specimens were collecte ...	1987	3578657
cryptosporidiosis in ogun state, south-west nigeria.	during the period of one month in the rainy season in ogun state in south-west nigeria 479 stool samples (420 of which were diarrhoea stool samples) were examined for cryptosporidiosis. oocysts were detected in 2.3% of all stools, in 2.6% of diarrhoeal stools and in 5.3% out of 150 children with diarrhoea. cryptosporidium was the sole pathogen detected in six of 11 cases. in addition to cryptosporidia also entamoeba histolytica, blastocystis hominis, giardia lamblia, ascaris lumbricoides, and tr ...	1987	3602839
entamoeba histolytica: elevated nitroblue tetrazolium reduction activity in polymorphs during amoebic liver abscess.	peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmn) from patients with invasive amoebiasis, i.e. amoebic liver abscess (ala) and acute amoebic dysentery, showed marked elevation of nitroblue tetrazolium dye (nbt) reduction. this dramatic change was not observed in pmn from patients with non-invasive amoebiasis, i.e. non-suppurative hepatic amoebiasis, or in asymptomatic entamoeba histolytica cyst passers. a small number (12%) of patients with viral hepatitis displayed increased nbt reduction. 10 ...	1987	3617192
amebic hepatic abscess.	amebic hepatic abscess can mimic other hepatic disorders and is a commonly missed diagnosis. it occurs when entamoeba histolytica infection of the cecum remains untreated and there is embolic spread to the liver. symptoms include acute or insidious onset of fever, with or without chills, pain in the right hypochondrium or epigastrium with evidence of hepatomegaly, and intercostal or subcostal tenderness. diagnosis is established by a combination of radiologic and nuclear scanning procedures, ser ...	1987	3630882
liver abscess in the tropics: experience in the university hospital, kuala lumpur.	we reviewed 204 cases of liver abscess seen between 1970 and 1985. ninety were found to be amoebic, 24 pyogenic and one tuberculous. the cause of the abscesses in the remaining 89 patients was not established. the patients were predominantly male, indians, and in the 30-60 age group. the majority of patients presented with fever and right hypochondrial pain. the most common laboratory findings were leucocytosis, hypoalbuminaemia and an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. amoebic abscesses were ...	1987	3658864
causes of death in diarrhoeal diseases after rehydration therapy: an autopsy study of 140 patients in bangladesh.	the cause of death (besides dehydration) for 140 diarrhoeal patients who died in hospital following rehydration was determined by autopsy examination. children under 5 years comprised 74% of the patients. diarrhoeal pathogens were identified as shigella spp. in 27%, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in 17%, entamoeba histolytica in 16%, campylobacter jejuni in 12%, salmonella spp. in 4%, vibrio cholerae in 4%, and giardia lambliain 4% of cases. the most frequent underlying causes of death were co ...	1987	3499247
fibronectin in parasitic diseases.	fibronectin, a major interstitial matrix protein with binding sites for a variety of molecules and with multiple biologic activities, may play an important role in certain parasitic diseases. leishmania and trypanosoma cruzi bind host fibronectin, which, in turn, facilitates their association with the cells they parasitize. invasive entamoeba histolytica and schistosoma produce proteases that degrade fibronectin and other matrix proteins, presumably facilitating the breaching of intestinal mucos ...	1987	3326134
[hepatic amebiasis at niamey hospital (nigeria)].	the authors report the results of a prospective study on hepatic amebiasis realized in national hospital of niamey (republic of niger). hepatic amebiasis is uncommon in niger as in other hot and dry countries of africa whereas it is common in hot and damp areas of the continent. these results point out the hypothesis of a hepatotropic strain of entamoeba histolytica uncommon in sahelia area whereas the amebiasis infestation is frequent.	1987	3329987
segmental necrotising enterocolitis: pathological and clinical features of 22 cases in bangladesh.	to describe the pathology and clinical features of segmental necrotising enterocolitis (sne) in children and adults, 22 diarrhoeal patients (median age two years, range two months to 50 years) in bangladesh with this lesion detected at autopsy were examined and compared with two groups of diarrhoeal control patients. gross pathology consisted of purplish or black mucosal or transmural discoloration with erosions or ulcerations in segments of the jejunum or ileum of 18 cases and of the colon alon ...	1987	3428668
human cysticercosis and intestinal parasitism amongst the ekari people of irian jaya.	a random sample of 242 people showed that 42 had palpable cysts of taenia solium. faecal examination recovered eggs of t. solium in seven (3%), while trichuris (83%), ascaris (83%), hookworms (76%), strongyloides stercoralis (10%) and strongyloides sp. (29%), entamoeba histolytica (14%), entamoeba coli (22%), entamoeba hartmanni (7%), entamoeba polecki (7%), balantidium coli (9%) and dientamoeba fragilis (21%) were the most common other intestinal parasites encountered. elisa tests, using antige ...	1987	3430662
serological investigations on the cause of diarrhoea on the cape verde islands.	in the serological tests 45.9% of all samples reacted positive against rota virus. 20.8% of samples revealed entamoeba histolytica positive sera, 25% shigella flexneri positive sera, 12.3% shigella sonnei and 13% shigella dysenteriae positive sera. campylobacter jejuni antibodies were found in 19% of samples, whereas 6.3% of sera reacted positive against yersinia enterocolitica type 3 and 4.8% against type 9.	1987	3443746
serological investigations for the cause of diarrhoea among patients and personnel in the minna and abeokuta hospitals/nigeria.	188 blood samples were investigated for antibodies against bacteria causing diarrhoea in two hospitals in minna and abeokuta in nigeria. antibodies were found against entamoeba histolytica, yersinia enterocolitica, campylobacter jejuni, salmonella typhi, salmonella paratyphi c, shigella dysenteriae, shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, shigella flexneri and rotavirus.	1987	3443752
the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis and other intestinal parasitoses in children in southern guinea-bissau.	in order to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidium and other intestinal parasites, a household sample survey of children under 5 years old was carried out during the late dry season in 8 rural villages in southern guinea-bissau, west africa. cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 10 of 270 stool samples (3.7%), using a safranin-methylene blue staining method. of these 10 children (age range 5-16 months), all non-muslims, 6 had diarrhoea, giving a prevalence of 12.5% in 48 children with diarr ...	1987	3450011
entamoeba histolytica in homosexual men.		1987	3821803
correlation of positive syphilis serology with invasive amebiasis in japan.	approximately 20% of 52 japanese males with invasive amebiasis confirmed by gel diffusion precipitin test (gdp) were positive by both treponema pallidum hemagglutination test (tpha) and nontreponemal antigen tests, and an additional 20% were positive by tpha alone. however, none of 109 gdp-negative japanese males without invasive amebiasis were positive on these serologic tests for syphilis. at least 2 bisexuals and 4 homosexuals were among those with invasive amebiasis. all of these biased male ...	1987	3826490
the interaction of human t-lymphocytes and entamoeba histolytica: killing of virulent amoebae by lectin-dependent lymphocytes.	clinical and experimental studies indicate that following invasive disease due to entamoeba histolytica, development of human cell-mediated immune mechanisms may provide protective immunity. activated, human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro can kill virulent axaenic amoebic trophozoites. this study describes the interaction of lectin-stimulated t-lymphocytes and e. histolytica trophozoites (virulent strain hm1-imss). amoebae progressively killed unstimulated nonimmune t-lymphocytes over 18 ...	1987	2437517
entamoeba histolytica: demonstration by pas/martius yellow technique.		1987	2460714
sensitivity of protein and rna synthesis to emetine in axenic entamoeba histolytica.	the action of emetine on the incorporation of (14c)1-dl-valine and (14c)-8-adenine in tca insoluble fraction of axenic entamoeba histolytica was investigated. these compounds were almost exclusively incorporated in the 'protein' and 'rna' fractions, respectively. incorporation of the purine showed a significantly higher sensitivity to emetine. while the percentage inhibition of valine incorporation by emetine decreased with increasing ph, the susceptibility of adenine incorporation was greater i ...	1987	2449783
modification of the ultrastructure of entamoeba histolytica after phagocytosis of liposomes loaded with phalloidin.	the specific actin-interacting drug phalloidin has been introduced into the cytoplasm of a highly motile amoeba, entamoeba histolytica, by a new technique: the phagocytosis of liposomes containing phalloidin. after ingestion of these liposomes, two important modifications of the ultrastructure of the amoeba were observed. first, large nodules of densely packed fine filaments are formed, which may be due to the polymerization of actin induced by the release of phalloidin within the cell's cytopla ...	1987	2885196
inhibition of growth of entamoeba histolytica by allicin, the active principle of garlic extract (allium sativum).		1987	2885381
use of monoclonal antibodies to identify, characterize, and purify a 96,000-dalton surface antigen of pathogenic entamoeba histolytica.	we identified and partially characterized a surface antigen of entamoeba histolytica by using seven monoclonal antibodies obtained after injecting mice with a pathogenic strain of amoeba. an intrinsically radiolabeled 96,000-dalton antigen was immunoprecipitated by five of the seven monoclonal antibodies; this antigen was present in three strains of e. histolytica. the antigen was situated on the external surface of e. histolytica, as demonstrated by agglutination and immunofluorescence staining ...	1987	2885384
ultrastructural changes associated with the inhibition of monocyte chemotaxis caused by products of axenically grown entamoeba histolytica.	the supernatant fluid of axenically grown entamoeba histolytica-hm1 significantly modifies the ultrastructural features associated with monocyte chemotaxis as assayed in boyden chambers. this morphological evidence supports the existence of a factor, monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (mlif), produced by e. histolytica that inhibits the in vitro locomotion of human monocytes. none of the leucocyte-locomotion modifying drugs included in this study (i.e., cytochalasin-b, colchicine, vinblastine ...	1987	2885445
ameba-bacterium relationship in amebiasis.		1987	2885733
[is this ameba dangerous?].		1987	2885764
in vitro amoebicidal testing of natural products; part 2. alkaloids related to emetine.		1987	2885873
a membrane-associated neuraminidase in entamoeba histolytica trophozoites.	trophozoites of the parasitic amoeba entamoeba histolytica hm-1:imss possess a surface neuraminidase capable of liberating n-acetylneuraminic acid (nana) from n-acetylneuramin-lactose (alpha 2----3 or alpha 2----6) or mucin in their medium. the neuraminidase was found to be membrane associated, with more than 50% of the yield being recovered in the plasma membrane fraction. the neuraminidase specific activity of the plasma membrane fraction was six times that of internal membrane fraction enzyme ...	1987	2878886
amoebae research.		1987	2881059
antiamebic antibodies in homosexual men.		1987	2881205
amoebic research.		1987	2880001
prevalence of amoebic antibody in population affected by epidemic non-a, non-b hepatitis.		1987	2880253
induction of protective immunity to experimental hepatic amoebic infection in hamsters.	immunisation of hamsters with the sephadex g-200 chromatographed fraction-i of the crude amoebic extract afforded protection in 58% of the animals against an intrahepatic challenge with a virulent subline of axenic entamoeba histolytica nih-200 (v). the protected animals had variable levels of anti-fi antiamoebic antibodies, while none of the infected controls had such antibodies. findings suggest that chromatographed fi of crude amoebic extract might function as a potent immunogen affording pro ...	1987	2883233
localization and identification of an entamoeba histolytica adhesin.	the adherence of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites to target cells was studied by using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and adhesion-deficient mutants of the parasite. mabs adh-1 and adh-2 reacted with a surface protein of approximately 112 kda of the total proteins of trophozoites from the wild type strain, clone a, strain hm1:imss. both mabs reacted weakly with the adhesion-deficient mutant clones, c-98, c-919 and c-923, all derived from hm1:imss. mabs adh-1 and adh-2 incubated with trophozoites ...	1987	2883572
genomic and cdna actin sequences from a virulent strain of entamoeba histolytica.	invasiveness of entamoeba histolytica strains that cause acute amoebiasis is characterized by aggressive behavior associated with cell motility and actin function. analysis of actin genes from e. histolytica was initiated by devising methods for the isolation of biologically active nucleic acids, which allowed the preparation of cdna and genomic dna libraries. e. histolytica actin-encoding cdnas and genomic clones have been isolated from libraries prepared from the virulent hm1:imss strain using ...	1987	2883657
comparative inflammatory reactions in mice and hamsters to entamoeba histolytica.		1987	2882461