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clinical and epidemiological correlations between the infection with hpv 16 and hpv 18 and female cervical lesions.a number of 66 specimens from female cervical lesions were examined for infection with human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 by nucleic acid hybridization in dot-blot techniques and 35 sera were tested by the immunodot-blot technique, in order to detect the presence of anti e4 and e7 hpv protein antibodies. the findings were compared with the histologic diagnosis. fifty-six per cent of specimens contained hpv dna sequences. in 47% of specimens from cervical carcinoma, hpv 11 was det ...19959179967
prevalence of vaginal infections with bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas vaginalis and candida albicans among pregnant women at the port moresby general hospital antenatal clinic.a clinico-sociodemographic and microbiological survey was carried out at the port moresby general hospital antenatal clinic to determine the prevalences of bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas vaginalis and candida albicans vaginal infections in pregnancy and to examine if the infections had any association with some suspected sociodemographic risk factors. the study was carried out between december 1990 and january 1991. of 206 consecutive subjects surveyed, 79 (38%) had symptomatic infection. howe ...19959522855
routine detection of trichomonas vaginalis in genital specimens using culture in microtitre trays.the culture of genital specimens for the detection of trichomonas vaginalis is generally regarded as the most sensitive technique available for routine use. however, the technique is relatively expensive and time-consuming, involving the preparation of one or more wet mounts from the culture to observe motile trichomonads. considerable savings in cost and time can be achieved by using culture in microtitre trays and visualisation with an inverted microscope.19958520256
trichomonas vaginalis and cervical cancer. a prospective study in china.the relationship between trichomonas vaginalis infection and cervical cancer was investigated prospectively in a cohort of 16,797 women aged 25 years or more who were followed from 1974 to 1985 within the framework of a cervical screening program in jingan, china. personal interviews were conducted by trained interviewers when the women first entered the screening program. at initial screening, 421 (2.51%) women had a positive cytologic diagnosis of t. vaginalis infection. ninety-nine incident c ...19958520717
examination of nonflagellate and flagellate round forms of trichomonas vaginalis by transmission electron microscopy.plasmodium-like round cells without sections of flagella, round flagellar cells with dividing nucleus and binuclear flagellate round forms were represented from the log-phase of trichomonas vaginalis cultures. the fine-structural characteristics of the round cells support the opinion that the cells without flagella as well as the round multinuclear flagellate cells represent developmental stages preceding the appearance of mononuclear flagellate cells. in the round cells, amitotic division was o ...19958528306
endocervical pathogens in women with preterm and term labour.the purpose of this study was to compare the endocervical microflora of women in preterm and term labour and to determine whether the presence of a specific microflora is significantly associated with preterm labor. a prospective study was performed in lithuania among 212 women in preterm labour (latent phase, n = 110; active phase, n = 102) and among 62 healthy women in term labour. microbiological assessment included cultures for aerobic bacteria, yeasts, and trichomonas vaginalis and direct i ...19958529951
free radical detoxification in giardia duodenalis.non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels were used to analyse superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase, peroxidase, nadh oxidase and nadh peroxidase in the microaerophilic protozoan parasite giardia duodenalis. a cytosolic h2o-producing nadh oxidase and membrane-associated nadh peroxidase were readily detected from g. duodenalis. in all giardia strains investigated the nadh oxidase was present in high levels (1.2-2 u (mg protein)-1). using the same technique, nadh oxidase activity was also detected in the ...19958538699
the relationship of experimental pathogenicity in vivo with in vitro cytoadherence and cytotoxicity of 6 different isolates of trichomonas vaginalis.the experimental pathogenic effects in vivo and in vitro of 6 different isolates of trichomonas vaginalis were studied following their inoculation into nmri mice and on to adherent cultures of hela cells. contact between the parasite and the adherent monolayer of cells was necessary to induce the monolayer to detach. the strains which were more virulent to mice also showed a greater weighted index of adherence; the weighted index of cytotoxicity in vitro did not, on the other hand, correlate wit ...19958550301
common genitourinary infections.vulvovaginal pain, itching, and burning are a triad of symptoms for which women frequently seek health care. often accompanied by vaginal discharge and dysuria, these symptoms account for as many as 5 million office visits a year. proper assessment and management of these symptoms by nurses, nurse practitioners, and nurse midwives can help to substantially improve a woman's quality of life and help prevent long-term problems. several differing syndromes or infections can be the cause of these sy ...19958551372
characterization of cdnas encoding adhesin proteins involved in trichomonas vaginalis cytoadherence.trichomonas vaginalis cytoadherence is mediated by four adhesins (ap65, ap51, ap33 and ap23). adhesin gene expression was previously shown to be up-regulated by iron. therefore, a cdna library was constructed from mrna of t. vaginalis grown in a high-iron medium. ten cdna clones (three for ap65, one for ap51, and six for ap33) were recognized with polyclonal antiserum or monoclonal antibody raised against these adhesins. no cross-hybridization among cdnas of the three adhesins was observed in so ...19958555730
sexually transmitted diseases in children and evidence of sexual abuse.during the period june 1989 to march 1991, laboratory evidence of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) was found in 107 patients at the red cross war memorial children's hospital in cape town. data was available on 96 patients aged 23 months to 14 years (mean 75.9 months). vaginal discharge was the most frequent presenting symptom (76%), particularly in those less than 5 years of age (90%). although a history of abuse was not given on presentation in 62%, evidence of abuse was subsequently elici ...19958556444
aetiology of vaginal infections in pregnant and non-pregnant women in barbados.the aetiology of vaginal discharge was studied in 175 barbadian women. pregnant women accounted for 52% (91) of the population studied. candida albicans was detected in 45% of the women, bacterial vaginosis in 28% and trichomonas vaginalis in 8.6%. bacterial vaginosis was more common in non-pregnant women (33% vs 23%) whereas c. albicans was more common in pregnant women (49% vs 39). t. vaginalis was found with almost equal frequency in pregnant and non-pregnant women. mixed infections were foun ...19958560888
serum antibodies to trichomonas vaginalis in invasive cervical cancer patients.to evaluate, by seroepidemiology, the possible role of the sexually-transmitted flagellate, trichomonas vaginalis, in invasive cervical cancer.19958566984
prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis in a male sexually transmitted disease clinic population by interview, wet mount microscopy, and the inpouch tv test.to determine the prevalence of trichomoniasis in male patients from their urine at a sexually transmitted disease (std) clinic using the inpouch tv culture system.19958566985
epidemiologic differences between candidial and trichomonal infections as detected in cytologic smears in taiwan.the epidemiologic differences between cytology-detected candidial and trichomonal infections were assessed in 15,933 women attending the 12 district health centres in the taipei area and a consecutive 1114 patients, visiting venereal disease clinics, whose smears were screened for cervical cancer between july 1991 and december 1992 in taipei. the pap smears were examined for the presence of specific organisms, such as trichomonas vaginalis, vaginal candida, herpes simplex virus, human papillomav ...19958570805
iron mediates trichomonas vaginalis resistance to complement lysis.trichomonas vaginalis, a sexually transmitted disease agent in humans, is readily lysed by activation of the alternative complement pathway. the parasite became resistant following growth in medium supplemented by iron compared to parasites grown in medium depleted of iron, which were readily killed by complement. the resistance to complement was dependent on iron concentration while divalent cations other than iron were ineffective, showing specific regulation of this property by iron. lactofer ...19958577239
the relationship of vaginal trichomoniasis and pelvic inflammatory disease among women colonized with chlamydia trachomatis.trichomonas vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted pathogen that has been linked to upper genital tract bacterial disease. its association with upper tract chlamydial disease has not been assessed.19958578405
[survival ability of trichomonas vaginalis in mineral baths].the role of mineral thermal baths and particularly of bath fittings such as benches and toilet seats in the spreading of trichomonas vaginalis is controversial. in order to clarify the possibility of transmission by smear infection of this ubiquitous urogenital parasite the ability to survive was investigated in 11 mineral baths in baden-württemberg by contamination of water samples of varying mineral content. in addition, trichomonas-contaminated water samples were placed in petri-dishes on dif ...19958580611
two trichomonas vaginalis surface proteinases bind to host epithelial cells and are related to levels of cytoadherence and cytotoxicity.recent reports strongly suggest that cytoadherence and cytotoxicity by trichomonas vaginalis require cysteine proteinase activity. because of the large number of cysteine proteinases synthesized by t. vaginalis, a ligand assay was used to identify specific proteinases which may selectively target host cells. two cysteine proteinases from trichomonal extracts with relative molecular masses (mr) of 65,000 daltons (65-kda) and 30-kda were found to avidly bind to hela cell and vaginal epithelial cel ...19958580681
cytotoxicity of hamycin for trichomonas vaginalis, hela and bhk-21.hamycin, a polyene antibiotic related to amphotericin b, has been used topically to treat fungal and protozoan infections in india. we assessed the cytotoxic activity of hamycin on nine metronidazole resistant or susceptible trichomonas vaginalis strains isolated from symptomatic or asymptomatic patients. cytotoxic activity of hamycin against two mammalian cell lines, bhk-21 and hela, was also determined. tritiated thymidine pulse labeling after drug-washout and a recovery period was used to dis ...19958626260
[effect of sodium nitrite on trichomonas vaginalis].we have investigated the action of sodium nitrite on the growth and morphologic changes of t. vaginalis and on the treatment of subcutaneous abscess by trichomonad in mice. sodium nitrite inhibited the growth of metronidazole-sensitive kt9 isolate and metronidazole-resistant cdc85 strain of t. vaginalis as concentration of 6 mm and 10 mm, respectively. intraperitoneal injection of sodium nitrite (70 micrograms, 100 micrograms, 130 micrograms/g body weight) did not reduce the size of abscess prod ...19958591013
an improved method for in vitro susceptibility testing of trichomonas vaginalis.a protocol is presented for in vitro susceptibility testing of trichomonas vaginalis. a 100 ml culture of the microorganisms is prepared for inoculation into antibiotic dilutions and controls by centrifugation, washing with 10 mm hepes (ph 6.2) plus 1.5 x 10(-1) m nacl, a second centrifugation and a resuspension in the hepes-saline buffer. inclusion of the gelling agent carrageenan in the culture medium permits an ease of harvesting the trichomonads and a reproducible initial cell density of 1-4 ...19958718615
cytopathology and release of an rna virus from a strain of trichomonas vaginalis.a strain of trichomonas vaginalis infected with a double-stranded rna virus showed pronounced cytopathology in the form of giant syncytia generated by the recruitment of single cells. the giant cells ultimately lysed, releasing virus into the culture medium. in the infected cells, clusters of electron-dense particles resembling viral structures were found in the cytoplasm. in addition, distinctive inclusions composed of similar particles were present in the nuclei of some cells. double-stranded ...19958719959
papillomavirus in cervicovaginal smears of women infected with human immunodeficiency virus.it has been described that women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) present more frequent cytological abnormalities in cervicovaginal smears, generally related to infection by human papillomavirus (hpv). the present work is a study of cervicovaginal smears of 147 hiv-seropositive women submitted to routine gynecological examinations. the smears were stained by the papanicolaou method. cytopathic effects of hpv were found in 38 (25.8%) cases. nuclear atypias of cervical intraepi ...19958731285
use of an animal model of trichomoniasis as a basis for understanding this disease in women.studies of host-parasite relationships in bovine trichomoniasis are presented as a basis for understanding mechanisms of pathogenesis and protection in trichomoniasis in women. the bovine infection is caused by trichomonas foetus, a trichomonad species closely related to the human pathogen trichomonas vaginalis. an estrogenized murine model infected with t. vaginalis is useful for the study of virulence factors, but the bovine model has advantages for the study of immunity because t. foetus infe ...19958845444
relationship of the virulence of trichomonas vaginalis and the major histocompatibility complex in murine trichomonad infection.a biological assay based upon the induction of abscesses in mice injected subcutaneously with trichomonas vaginalis was shown to be a valid method for comparing the virulence of two isolates of t. vaginalis cultured from two patients, one suffering from severe vaginitis and the other exhibiting only mild disease. the data showed excellent correlation between the physical dimensions of abscesses in mice injected with each trichomonad isolate and the severity of vaginitis produced in the women fro ...19968875571
arsenical pessaries in the successful elimination of metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis. 19968876365
modified thioglycolate medium: a simple and reliable means for detection of trichomonas vaginalis.despite the declining rate of sexually transmitted diseases in developed countries, trichomoniasis is still one of the most common venereal infections. while diagnosis of this condition is commonly based on the microscopic wet-mount method, culture remains the most accurate single procedure for detecting the presence of trichomonas vaginalis in clinical samples. in the present study, the efficacy of a modified formula of the commonly available thioglycolate medium was compared with that of the s ...19968880540
electrostatic effects in electron transfer reactions of [2fe-2s] ferredoxins with inorganic reagents.the kinetics of electron transfer from the reduced [2fe-2s] ferredoxins from the cyanobacterium anabaena 7120 and the protozoan trichomonas vaginalis to select cobalt coordination compounds have been studied in order to gain insight into the mechanism of electron transfer and intrinsic reactivity of [2fe-2s] active sites. with tripositive cobalt complexes, reactions of both proteins displayed saturation kinetics; values of association constants of 12,900 and 1,400 m-1 and limiting rate constants ...19968880903
use of wet mount to predict chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhea cervicitis in primary care.cervicitis is associated with salpingitis, infertility, and complications of pregnancy. universal screening has been recommended for high-prevalence populations but may not be appropriate in the family practice setting. leukocytes on an endocervical gram stain have been associated with infectious cervicitis due to chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhea. this study sought to determine whether the finding of leukocytes in a vaginal wet mount could be used to screen for infectious cervicitis ...19968884256
epidemiology of trichomonas vaginalis. a prospective study in china.trichomonas vaginalis infection is probably one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. the epidemiology of this disease has long been ignored, and not much is known about its natural history and risk factors.19968885075
bacterial vaginosis: prevalence in an italian population of asymptomatic pregnant women and diagnostic aspects.the present study has been carried out with the main objective of determining the prevalence rate of bacterial vaginosis (bv) in a population of asymptomatic pregnant women (8th to 9th month of pregnancy). out of a total 1,441 patients examined bv was found to be present in 70 (4.9%). the diagnosis was made when an analysis of the vaginal discharge revealed the simultaneous presence of at least three out of four of the following laboratory indices: (1) direct gram stain positive (bacterial flora ...19968891543
phylogenetic implication of iron-containing superoxide dismutase genes from trichomonad species. 19968892298
molecular characterisation of adenosylhomocysteinase from trichomonas vaginalis.the enzyme s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (sahh) has been identified as a potential target for chemotherapy in protozoan parasites including trichomonas vaginalis. to investigate this area of trichomonad metabolism in more detail, we have isolated and characterised a gene which encodes this activity from the waa38 strain of this parasite. the gene was isolated by probing a bg/ii genomic mini-library with a fragment of the gene generated by thermal cycling using degenerate oligonucleotide prime ...19968892301
trichomonas vaginalis adhesin proteins display molecular mimicry to metabolic enzymes. 19968895795
etiologic study of genitourinary infections in women of childbearing age in bobo-dioulasso, burkina faso, 1992.genitourinary infections have a major impact on public health, especially in africa. relative distribution of the different pathogens is unknown in bobo-dioulasso.19968919743
molecular characterization and expression of a n-acetylneuraminate lyase gene from trichomonas vaginalis. 19968920014
identification and characterization of [fe]-hydrogenases in the hydrogenosome of trichomonas vaginalis. 19968920017
clinical and microbiological correlates of vaginal trichomoniasis during pregnancy. the vaginal infections and prematurity study group.colonization with trichomonas vaginalis is a possible cause of poor pregnancy outcome. to facilitate the diagnosis of this condition during pregnancy, we conducted a prospective, multicenter study of 13,816 gravid women who were between 23rd and 26th week of gestation. findings significantly associated with t. vaginalis colonization included a yellow, green, or bloody discharge from the vagina or cervix; abnormal odor after koh was added to a vaginal specimen; a vaginal ph of > 5.0; and cervical ...19968922806
[preliminary study on low-trait genital infection and cervical epithelial dysplasia in women from the parakanä tribe of south america].we evaluated the occurrence of low-trait genital infection and cervical epithelial dysplasia in women from a south-american indian tribe in the brazilian amazonia.19968935669
prokaryotic dna sequences in patients with chronic idiopathic prostatitis.half of all men experience symptoms of prostatitis at some time in their lives, but the etiology is unknown for more than 90% of patients. optimal clinical and culture methods were used to select 135 men with chronic prostatitis refractory to multiple previous courses of antimicrobial therapy. the subjects had no evidence of structural or functional lower genitourinary tract abnormalities of bacteriuria or bacterial prostatitis by traditional clinical tests, or of urethritis or urethral pathogen ...19968940458
sequence of a malic enzyme gene of giardia lamblia.the nucleotide sequence and predicted amino acid sequence of malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) or malic enzyme (ec 1.1.1.40) of the amitochondriate protist giardia lamblia were determined. the overall amino acid identity with malic enzyme sequences from other eukaryotes was between 34 and 39%. functional domains previously defined in other malic enzymes, the malate-, the adp- and the nad(p)-binding domains, were present also in the g. lamblia sequence. in phylogenetic reconstructions, the g ...19968946381
[prevalence of bacterial vaginitis and vaginosis: association with clinical and laboratory features, and treatment].this was a cross-sectional study meant to determine the prevalence of vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis among open population females from cuernavaca city. the relationship between clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis and response to therapy were evaluated as well. a group of 405 sexually active women were enrolled between january and july, 1994. the patients were attending the city hospital for a regular gynecological consultation, upon their informed consent, they answered a specifica ...19968948921
presence of a mitochondrial-type 70-kda heat shock protein in trichomonas vaginalis suggests a very early mitochondrial endosymbiosis in eukaryotes.molecular phylogenetic analyses, based mainly on ribosomal rna, show that three amitochondriate protist lineages, diplomonads, microsporidia, and trichomonads, emerge consistently at the base of the eukaryotic tree before groups having mitochondria. this suggests that these groups could have diverged before the mitochondrial endosymbiosis. nevertheless, since all these organisms live in anaerobic environments, the absence of mitochondria might be due to secondary loss, as demonstrated for the la ...19968962101
a possible mitochondrial gene in the early-branching amitochondriate protist trichomonas vaginalis.trichomonads are anaerobic flagellated protists that, based on analyses of ribosomal rna sequences, represent one of the earliest branching lineages among the eukaryotes. the absence of mitochondria in these organisms coupled with their deep phylogenetic position has prompted several authors to suggest that trichomonads, along with other deeply-branching amitochondriate protist groups, diverged from the main eukaryotic lineage prior to the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria. in this report we ...19968962102
[clinico-microbiological findings in women with a genital discharge].the authors compare the prevalence of the most common vaginal infections at present and before 10 years and find that the prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis infection is diminished and there is a tendency for the increase in the incidence of bacterial vaginosis. the determination of the vaginal ph and the application of 10% koh for the "sniff test" may prove very useful in the diagnosis of vaginal infection.19968967532
linked genes for calmodulin and e2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in trichomonas vaginalis.in searching the genomes of early-diverging protists to study whether the possession of calmodulin is ancestral to all eukaryotes, the gene for calmodulin was identified in trichomonas vaginalis. this flagellate is a member of the parabasalia, one of the earliest lineages of recognized eukaryotes to have diverged. this sequence was used to isolate a homologous 1.250-kb fragment from the t. vaginalis genome by inverse polymerase chain reaction. this fragment was also completely sequenced and show ...19968976604
[management of male urethritis]. 19968978204
[microbial associations in trichomonas urethritis].the results on isolation of associated microflora from 190 patients suffering from trichomonas urethritis are given. microorganisms belonged to the species: mycoplasma hominis. ureaplasma urealyticum. streptococcus pyogenes. escherichia coli. klebsiella pneumoniae. proteus mirabilis. moraxella lacunata. acinetobacter calcoaceticus and candida. staphylococcus cultures which were isolated from 100% patients belonged to 8 species: staphylococcus aureus, s. intermedius, s. haemolyticus, s. epidermid ...19968983524
detection of chlamydia trachomatis by immunofluorescence, papanicolaou and immunoperoxidase in women with leucorrhea.bacteriological, papanicolaou, direct immunofluorescense (dif) and immunoperoxidase studies were done in 245 samples from women with vaginal discharge and the frequency of chlamydia trachomatis was investigated. the samples were obtained from two hospitals of the public health services of mexico city. samples were taken from the endocervical and posterior fornix areas and streaked in different cultures media for the isolation and microbiological differentiation. smears were done and stained by g ...19968986105
processing trichomonas vaginalis for scanning electron microscopy. 19968987030
comparable growth of a trichomonas vaginalis strain in pehps and tyi-s-33 media.pehps medium, developed for axenic cultivation of entamoeba histolytica and e. invadens, was also capable of supporting the growth of a trichomonas vaginalis strain, with an inoculum of 1 to 100 trichomonads/ml. the logarithmic growth phase in pehps or in tyi-s-33 medium lasted 72 h; yield (3.33 +/- 0.56 x 10(6) trichomonads/ml), duplication time (4.27 h), number of duplications (16.85), or increase ratio (33,328) in pehps medium showed no significant differences with those obtained in tyi-s-33 ...19968987196
the sequence and organization of the core histone h3 and h4 genes in the early branching amitochondriate protist trichomonas vaginalis.among the unicellular protists, several of which are parasitic, some of the most divergent eukaryotic species are found. the evolutionary distances between protists are so large that even slowly evolving proteins like histones are strongly divergent. in this study we isolated cdna and genomic histone h3 and h4 clones from trichomonas vaginalis. two histone h3 and three histone h4 genes were detected on three genomic clones with one complete h3 and two complete h4 sequences. h3 and h4 genes were ...19968995053
prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis in prostitutes in turkey.prostitutes are an important group for the transmission of a number of sexually transmitted diseases (std) all over the world. infection with t. vaginalis is one of the most common. in this study, the incidence and diagnostic procedures for trichomonas vaginalis infection as one of the sexually transmitted diseases (std's) have been studied. in legal prostitutes in ankara, turkey, 64 (25%) of 225 vaginal wet smears were positive for t. vaginalis. there was no significant difference between the d ...19968996719
high frequency of sexually transmitted diseases among pregnant women in dar es salaam, tanzania: need for intervention.in order to determine the prevalence and characteristics of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) in pregnant women (pw) attending a primary health care antenatal clinic (anc) in metropolitan dar es salaam, tanzania, a randomly selected sample of pw in their second or third trimesters were invited to participate at their first visit. they were interviewed using a questionnaire and underwent genital examination. genital swabs were obtained for microscopy and/or culture isolation of candida albican ...19968997849
sustained estrogenization is insufficient to support long-term experimentally induced genital trichomonas vaginalis infection in balb/c mice. 19969001187
scsb, a cdna encoding the hydrogenosomal beta subunit of succinyl-coa synthetase from the anaerobic fungus neocallimastix frontalis.a clone containing a neocallimastix frontalis cdna assumed to encode the beta subunit of succinyl-coa synthetase (scsb) was identified by sequence homology with prokaryotic and eukaryotic counter-parts. an open reading frame of 1311 bp was found. the deduced 437 amino acid sequence showed a high degree of identity to the beta-succinyl-coa synthetase of escherichia coli (46%), the mitochondrial beta-succinyl-coa synthetase from pig (48%) and the hydrogenosomal beta-succinyl-coa synthetase from tr ...19969003318
metabolic adaptation of trichomonas vaginalis to growth rate and glucose availability.the parasitic protist trichomonas vaginalis adapted the specific activities of twelve of the enzymes involved in glucose metabolism to the growth rate an glucose availability. these changes in enzyme activities were induced by culturing t. vaginalis in chemostats with glucose, present in rate-limiting or excess concentrations, as carbon and energy source. the specific activities were measured in pelleted cells at each steady state, while metabolic end products were determined in filtered culture ...19969004498
[synthesis and antiparasitic activity of new n-alkyl derivatives of 1-(nitrophenyl)-3-(methyl-3-indolyl)-prop-2-ene-1-ones (nitroindolylchalcones)]. 19969008902
[microbiological study of some microorganisms implicated in sexually transmitted diseases among the female prison population].background: sexually transmitted diseases (std) are of over greater interest, particularly since the appearance of the human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv) in the last decade. asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic infections are very frequent, overall in women. the aim of this study was to know the prevalence of certain std producing microorganisms in a female penitentiary population, the clinical characteristics and evaluate the risk factors which may be found in this population. methods: one hundred ...19969011204
iron-ascorbate cleavable malic enzyme from hydrogenosomes of trichomonas vaginalis: purification and characterization.two isoforms of nad(p)(+)-dependent malic enzyme (ec 1.1.1.39) were isolated from hydrogenosomes of trichomonas vaginalis. a positively charged isoform at ph 7 was obtained in a single purification step using cation-exchange chromatography. the second isoform, negatively charged at ph 7.5, was partially purified using a combination of anion-exchange and affinity chromatography. both isoforms displayed similar physical and kinetic properties. molecular weight determination of the native enzyme su ...19969027755
pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase from entamoeba histolytica recognized by a monoclonal antibody.a mouse monoclonal antibody, eh208c2-2 mab, raised against whole cell antigens of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites of the pathogenic strain hm-1: imss and polyclonal antisera (pab) against membrane antigens of e. histolytica trophozoites of strain hth-56: mutm were screened against a cdna library of the pathogenic strain, sfl3. the monoconal antibody detected many phage plaques expressing an e. histolytica protein. the dna sequence encoding the protein was approximately 55% identical, over 1,1 ...19969031403
detection of trichomonas vaginalis in endocervical and ectocervical smears.the objective of this study was to determine the relative sensitivity of detecting trichomonas vaginalis in endocervical as compared to ectocervical papanicolaou-stained smears. the average number of organisms in 10 (200x) high-power fields (hpf) per smear was used for comparing the presence of trichomonads in the two smear types. in every pair of ectocervical-endocervical smears, there were always more trichomonads in the ectocervical smear. fifty percent of cases showed at least 25 more tricho ...19968732661
hemolytic activity of trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus.the hemolytic activity of live isolates and clones of trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus was investigated. the isolates were tested against human erythrocytes. no hemolytic activity was detected by the isolates of t. foetus. whereas the isolates of t. vaginalis lysed erythrocytes from all human blood groups. no hemolysin released by the parasites could be detected. our preliminary results suggest that hemolysis depend on the susceptibility of red cell membranes to destabilization an ...19968734959
is trichomonas vaginalis still a marker for other sexually transmitted infections in women?trichomonas vaginalis (tv) has, in the past, been regarded as a useful marker for other asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhoea and chlamydia in women. the aim of this study was to determine whether tv is still such a marker. all women attending the department of genito-urinary medicine at the leeds general infirmary with a diagnosis of tv during 1983 and 1993 were identified and concurrent infections were tabulated. in 1993 approximately 30% of women with tv had at least ...19968737338
inducible immunity to trichomonas vaginalis in a mouse model of vaginal infection.we studied the protective effect of subcutaneous immunization with trichomonas vaginalis in a mouse model of vaginal infection. balb/c mice were immunized with various doses of t. vaginalis (4.5 x 10(5), 9 x 10(6), and 1 x 10(8) organisms per ml) suspended in freund's complete adjuvant 56 days prior to vaginal infection and were given booster injections of the same doses of t. vaginalis in freund's incomplete adjuvant 4 weeks later. control mice were immunized and given booster injections of pho ...19968751901
production and characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies to blastocystis hominis.several hybridomas producing antibodies detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were established by fusions of mouse myeloma p3.x63.ag8.u1 with spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized against an isolate of blastocystis hominis. five strongly positive hybrids (6b6, 1d5, 1e7, 4f7 and 4g11) were cloned and all were found to secrete igm monoclonal antibodies. four mabs (6b6, 1e7, 4f7 and 4g11) reacted in immunoblots with a number of b. hominis antigens (mol. wt ranging from 25,000 to 2 ...19968773525
patients with genital warts: how are they managed by general practitioners?this study was carried out to assess the management by general practitioners of patients with genital warts. an anonymized postal questionnaire was sent to 2060 general practitioners in the north west of england; 1260 (61.2%) completed questionnaires were returned. a total of 76.69% of gps saw one or more cases per quarter. of 468 (37.1%) gps who managed patients in-house, 393 (83.9%) used podophyllin of concentration between 0.5 and 50%; 169 (43%) did not specify the podophyllin concentration a ...19968799786
tubulin post-translational modifications in the primitive protist trichomonas vaginalis.using several specific monoclonal antibodies, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of different post-translationally modified tubulin during interphase and division of the primitive flagellated protist trichomonas vaginalis. immunoblotting and immunofluorescence experiments revealed that interphasic microtubular structures of t. vaginalis contained acetylated and glutamylated but non-tyrosinated and non-glycylated [brugerolle and adoutte, 1988: bio systems 21: 255-268] tubulin. immuno ...19968801034
molecular data suggest an early acquisition of the mitochondrion endosymbiont.the three deepest branching eucaryotic lineages in small subunit ribosomal rna phylogenies are the amitochondriate microspora, metamonada and parabasala. they are followed by either the euglenozoa (e.g. euglena and trypanosoma) or the percolozoa as the first mitochondria-containing eucaryotes. to investigate the hypothesis of an even earlier timing of the mitochondrion endosymbiosis we have amplified a partial cpn-60 coding region from the parabasalid trichomonas vaginalis and the first such seq ...19968805838
genomic organization and sequence conservation in type i trichomonas vaginalis viruses.to reveal the genetic conservation of type i trichomonas vaginalis viruses (tvv) we cloned and sequenced the 4.6-kb ds rna of a tvv-t5 isolate for comparison with the cdna sequence of a related tvv-t1 ds rna. analogous to tvv-t1, the tvv-t5 ds rna also contains an upstream capsid protein gene overlapped with a downstream rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) gene by a +1 reading frame shift. a conserved ribosomal slippage heptamer (c cuu uuu) was found within the consensus 14-nt overlap, and the c ...19968806533
the contribution of the arginine dihydrolase pathway to energy metabolism by trichomonas vaginalis.the enzymes of the arginine dihydrolase pathway were measured in trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosome-deficient lines mr-5 and mr-100, and the parent strain tv 10-02. the activities and substrate affinities of arginine deiminase, carbamate kinase and ornithine decarboxylase were similar for the hydrogenosome-deficient lines and the parent tv 10-02. the activity of catabolic ornithine carbamyltransferase, however, was found to be 5-7-fold elevated in the hydrogenosome-deficient lines; the apparent ...19968813682
testing for hiv and other sexually transmitted diseases: implications for risk behavior in women.a sample of 808 nonpregnant women residing in an area of high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (stds) was studied with respect to sexual risk behaviors in the 4-month period before and after testing for a series of stds. all women were tested for both chlamydia trachomatis and trichomonas vaginalis and were given the option of also taking a test for the hiv antibody. neither the experience of receiving a negative hiv test result nor that of receiving a positive versus a negative diagn ...19968818671
[characterization of the partially purified proteinase from trichomonasvaginalis].characterization of a purified proteinase from trichomonas vaginalis was carried out using bacitracin-sepharose affinity chromatography. trichomonas vaginalis kt-9 isolate was used as a source of enzyme study. proteinase activity was determined using bz-pro-phe-arg-nan as the substrate. optimum ph for the purified proteinase activity was 7.0 and 6.0, 9.0 with dtt. optimum temperature was 37 degrees c and isoelectric point was 7.2. activity of this proteinase was inhibited by e-64, antipain, leup ...19968820741
trichomonas vaginalis haemolysis: ph regulates a contact-independent mechanism based on pore-forming proteins.there is a controversy in literature about involvement of secreted factors in the pathogenetic mechanisms of trichomonas vaginalis, described mostly as contact-dependent. we found that the protozoan, under triggering conditions, is able to release molecules that lead to lysis without direct contact between parasite and target cells as a prerequisite. in this paper we characterize contact-independent cytotoxicity using the red blood cell as a cellular model. contact-independent haemolysis is a ph ...19968722099
in vitro effect of tinidazole and furazolidone on metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis.trichomonas vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted protozoan parasite. although often considered simply a nuisance infection, t. vaginalis has been implicated in premature rupture of placental membranes and increases in the risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus. metronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole, is currently the drug of choice to treat t. vaginalis infection. because some patients have severe reactions to metronidazole and others are infected with metronidazole-resistant t. vaginal ...19968723451
simultaneous extraction of dna and rna from nuclease-rich pathogenic protozoan trichomonas vaginalis. 19968723918
phylogenetic analysis of beta-tubulin sequences from amitochondrial protozoa.it has been proposed that certain extant anaerobic protozoa are descended from organisms that diverged early in eukaryotic evolution prior to the acquisition of mitochondria. among these are the extracellular parasites giardia lamblia, trichomonas vaginalis, and entamoeba histolytica, and the obligately intracellular microsporidia. phylogenetic analysis of rrna sequences from these amitochondrial organisms suggests that g. lamblia, t. vaginalis, and microsporidia are near the base of the eukaryo ...19968728394
primary structure of a cytosolic malate dehydrogenase of the amitochondriate eukaryote, trichomonas vaginalis.the nucleotide sequence of a gene coding for a 37 kda subunit of a cytosolic malate dehydrogenase of trichomonas vaginalis was established. the sequence of a gdna clone and a cdna clone, which lacked seven amino-terminal codons, were identical, indicating an absence of introns from the gene. cell fractionation combined with sequencing of peptide fragments of the purified enzyme showed that the gene codes for an expressed cytosolic enzyme. the derived amino acid sequence was closely related to cy ...19968595866
evaluation of a deoxyribonucleic acid probe for the detection of trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal secretions.our purpose was to compare affirm vp, a new deoxyribonucleic acid probe test, with standard "wet preparation" microscopic examinations and culture for the identification of trichomonas vaginalis organisms in vaginal secretions.19968623867
[diagnostic value of stamey's test in chronic prostatitis].analysis and technical details of staomey's fractionated urine cultures, the reference method for the evaluation and bacteriological diagnosis of chronic bacterial prostatitis, but the application of which has been rarely described in the literature.19968624520
the relationship between pregnancy and sexual risk taking.we attempted to determine whether risks of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases differ between pregnant and nonpregnant women.19968633632
sexually acquired metronidazole-resistant trichomoniasis in a lesbian couple.a lesbian couple in a monogamous relationship each presented with vaginal discharge demonstrable on culture to contain trichomonas vaginalis. their symptoms had failed to respond to standard regimens of metronidazole, and subsequent microbiological sensitivities confirmed resistance of the trichomonads to metronidazole (minimum inhibitory concentrations in aerobic conditions > 8 mcg/ml). in addition, the couple denied use of penetrative sex toys or recent male partners, supporting the concept of ...19968655171
expression and spectroscopic characterization of the hydrogenosomal [2fe-2s] ferredoxin from the protozoan trichomonas vaginalis.the heterologous expression and spectroscopic characterization of the [2fe-2s] ferredoxin from the sexually transmitted human parasite trichomonas vaginalis is described. using oligonucleotide primers based on the deduced dna sequence, the gene encoding the ferredoxin was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and cloned into a t7 rna polymerase expression vector. expression of the gene in escherichia coli host hms174(de3) resulted in the high level production of the protein with the correctly a ...19968663034
protozoan infections in the male genital tract.we reviewed the literature on protozoan infections in the male genital tract, with special reference to histopathological findings and their repercussions on different andrological functions.19968683676
detection of chlamydia trachomatis and trichomonas vaginalis by polymerase chain reaction in introital specimens from pregnant women.we analyzed whether specimens obtained from the vaginal introitus were comparable to endocervical and posterior vaginal vault specimens for detection of chlamydia trachomatis and trichomonas vaginalis by polymerase chain reaction.19968694044
an in vitro metronidazole susceptibility test for trichomoniasis using the inpouch tv test.an efficient anaerobic culture system, the inpouch tv test, was used to determine the susceptibility of trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole. glacial acetic acid was employed as a solvent for metronidazole.19968698362
genital ulcers associated with human immunodeficiency virus-related immunosuppression. 19968699087
transcription in the early diverging eukaryote trichomonas vaginalis: an unusual rna polymerase ii and alpha-amanitin-resistant transcription of protein-coding genes.we have examined transcription in an early diverging eukaryote by analyzing the effect of the fungus-derived toxin alpha-amanitin on the transcription of protein-coding genes of the protist trichomonas vaginalis. in contrast to that typical in eukaryotes, the rna polymerase that transcribes t. vaginalis protein-coding genes is relatively resistant to alpha-amanitin (50% inhibition = 250 microg alpha-amanitin/ml). we have also characterized the gene encoding the largest subunit of rna polymerase ...19968703091
in vitro activity of metronidazole alone and in combination with clotrimazole against clinical isolates of trichomonas vaginalis.trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis is generally treated with oral metronidazole. widespread use of this drug has led, however, to selection of resistant strains. topical therapy seems appropriate whenever systemic high dosage schedule cannot be adopted in order to overcome resistance. this study was designed to assess the activity of metronidazole alone and in combination with clotrimazole, an imidazole derivative for topical use, against t. vaginalis. tests were performed employing the antitrichom ...19968708753
tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis: the pattern of inactivation of hydrogenase activity by oxygen and activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase.the concentration-dependence of the inhibition of whole-cell hydrogen formation by oxygen has been measured in the trichomonads trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus, and compared with the oxygen inhibition of the in situ hydrogenase activity as measured by a tritium exchange assay. the inhibition profiles closely paralleled each other, suggesting that hydrogenase is the primary site of inhibition of anaerobic fermentative metabolism. in addition the inhibition profile for isolated hyd ...19968581167
entamoeba histolytica encodes a highly divergent beta-tubulin.the microtubules of the amitochondrial parasite entamoeba histolytica are atypical in certain respects. consistent with this, we report that e. histolytica encodes the most divergent beta-tubulin identified to date, with only 54% to 58% identity to beta-tubulins from various species. a similarly divergent beta-tubulin is encoded by the related entamoeba invadens; single gene copies appear to be present in both organisms. the entamoeba sequences were compared with a database of 101 beta-tubulins, ...19968563707
study on ultrastructural cytochemistry and pathogenic mechanism of trichomonas vaginalis.to study the relation among enzymic ultrastructural localizations, cell organelles and functions of trichomonas vaginalis (t. vaginalis) as well as its pathogenic mechanism.19969275338
reported condom use is not associated with incidence of sexually transmitted diseases in malawi.to establish frequency of reported condom use and validate reliability of self-reporting among urban women in malawi.19968838710
an electron microscope study of the interaction between trichomonas vaginalis and epithelial cells of the human amnion membrane.the mechanism of cytopathogenicity of trichomonas vaginalis is not well established. adhesion of t. vaginalis to human epithelial cells is considered a prerequisite for parasitic infection and its pathogenic effect. to investigate cytopathological changes in the host caused by t. vaginalis infection, human amnion membrane was used as an in vitro model. t. vaginalis strain waa38 from axenic culture was allowed to interact with the epithelial layer of the human amnion membrane for 6 and 9 h. struc ...19968825444
molecular characterization of a third malic enzyme-like ap65 adhesin gene of trichomonas vaginalis.adherence to the vaginal epithelium by the sexually transmitted parasite trichomonas vaginalis is mediated by four trichomonad surface proteins (ap65, ap51, ap33 and ap23). we recently showed that the 65-kda adhesin is a member of a multigene family comprised of two similar but distinct proteins, ap65-1 and ap65-2, encoded by the genes ap65-1 and ap65-2, respectively. an additional immuno-crossreactive clone, the 1.2 kb f11.1 cdna, was isolated from a phagemid expression library and encoded a fu ...19968831829
molecular approaches to the diagnosis of male infertility.the introduction of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) as a technique to selectively amplify and identify specific dna and rna sequences has revolutionized the field of molecular medicine. application of these newly developed molecular techniques to the field of male infertility has made the delineation of subtle causes of infertility-an inapparent genital tract infection, immune system activation within the genital tract, mutations in sperm mitochondrial or chromosomal dna, alterations in sper ...19969238679
rapid antigen tests for neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis are not accurate for screening women with disturbed vaginal lactobacillary flora.we studied the accuracy of the rapid antigen detection tests gonozyme and chlamydiazyme in high-risk women in an outpatient prenatal clinic, kalafong university hospital, pretoria, south africa. women (n = 433) presenting with uneventful pregnancy (n = 324), unavoidable miscarriage (n = 41) or infertility of 1 year's duration (n = 68) had a pap smear for lactobacillary grading and detection of pathogens like candida albicans or trichomonas vaginalis, a swab for culture of neisseria gonorrhoeae, ...19969060056
morphogenesis of the hydrogenosome: an ultrastructural study.the morphogenesis of hydrogenosomes in several trichomonad species (tritrichomonas foetus, trichomonas vaginalis, tritrichomonas suis, trichomonas gallinae, tritrichomonas augusta and monocercomonas sp) was investigated by transmission electron microscopy of thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas of whole cells or the isolated organelle. close proximity, and even continuity, between endoplasmic reticulum and hydrogenosomes was observed. structures were seen connecting hydrogenosomes to each ...19969075329
the polyurethane female condom: increasing the choice for women.the polyurethane female condom is manufactured exclusively in london by chartex international and marketed under the names reality, femidom, and femy. the device consists of a disposable, odorless polyurethane sheath 17 cm long. there is a loose inner ring at the closed end of minimum diameter 5.0 cm, and a softer, fixed ring at the open, outer end of minimum diameter 6.5 cm. each condom is prelubricated with dimethicone, a non-spermicidal lubricant. the female condom was designed to be used ...199612291292
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