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model complexes of key intermediates in fungal cytochrome p450 nitric oxide reductase (p450nor).denitrifying bacteria and fungi efficiently detoxify the toxic metabolite nitric oxide (no) through reduction to nitrous oxide (n2o) using nitric oxide reductase (nor) enzymes. in fungi, for example fusarium oxysporum, no is reduced by a cytochrome p450 nor (p450nor). this enzyme contains a heme b center coordinated to a proximal cysteinate ligand in the active site. in the proposed mechanism of p450nor, the ferric heme binds no first to form a ferric heme-nitrosyl complex, which is subsequently ...201424658055
phylogenetic relationship between different race representative populations of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris in respect of translation elongation factor-1α, β-tubulin, and internal transcribed spacer region genes.genetic diversity of 70 isolates of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris originated from various states of india representing eight races causing wilt in chickpea (cicer arietinum) was analyzed using translation elongation factor-1α (tef-1α), β-tubulin, and internal transcribed spacer (its) gene regions. tef-1α, β-tubulin, and its gene-specific markers produced ~720-, ~500-, and ~550-bp amplicons, respectively, in all the isolates of the pathogen. a phylogenetic tree constructed from the sequences ...201424639029
antimicrobial activity and physical characterization of silver nanoparticles green synthesized using nitrate reductase from fusarium oxysporum.nanostructures from natural sources have received major attention due to wide array of biological activities and less toxicity for humans, animals, and the environment. in the present study, silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a fungal nitrate reductase, and their biological activity was assessed against human pathogenic fungi and bacteria. the enzyme was isolated from fusarium oxysporum iran 31c after culturing on malt extract-glucose-yeast extract-peptone (mgyp) medium. th ...201424610039
studies of detailed biofilm characterization on fly ash concrete in comparison with normal and superplasticizer concrete in seawater environments.in cooling water systems, many concrete structures in the form of tanks, pillars and reservoirs that come in contact with aggressive seawater are being deteriorated by chemical and biological factors. the nuclear industry has decided to partially replace the portland cement with appropriate pozzolans such as fly ash, which could densify the matrix and make the concrete impermeable. three types of concrete mixes, viz., normal concrete (nc), concrete with fly ash and superplasticizer (fa) and conc ...201424600839
the pqqc gene is essential for antifungal activity of pseudomonas kilonensis jx22 against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.strain jx22, exhibiting a broad range of antimicrobial activities to fungal pathogens, was isolated and classified as representing pseudomonas kilonensis. in this study, the mutant jx22mt1 was obtained by the ez-tn5 transposon mutation and showed no antifungal activity against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici as compared with wild-type strain jx22. the pqqc gene was disrupted in the mutant. antifungal activity at the wild-type level was restored from the mutant jx22mt1 with the introduction ...201424588744
murine model for fusarium oxysporum invasive fusariosis reveals organ-specific structures for dissemination and long-term persistence.the soil-borne plant pathogen fusarium oxysporum causes life-threatening invasive fusariosis in immunocompromised individuals. the mechanism of infection in mammalian hosts is largely unknown. in the present study we show that the symptoms of disseminated fusariosis caused by f. oxysporum in immunosuppressed mice are remarkably similar to those reported in humans. distinct fungal structures were observed inside the host, depending on the infected organ. invasive hyphae developed in the heart and ...201424587124
identification of the main toxins isolated from fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi race 2 and their relation with isolates' pathogenicity.fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi (fop) is a pathogen of field pea inducing severe vascular wilt worldwide. plant resistance to races 1, 5, and 6, producing wilt symptoms, is conferred by a single dominant gene, while resistance to race 2, which gives near-wilt symptoms, have been recently showed to be quantitative. among the virulence factors reported to play a role in the infection process, toxin production is one of the best studied. thus, five race 2 isolates have been investigated for toxin pr ...201424568659
agp2p, the plasma membrane transregulator of polyamine uptake, regulates the antifungal activities of the plant defensin nad1 and other cationic peptides.cationic antifungal peptides (afps) act through a variety of mechanisms but share the common feature of interacting with the fungal cell surface. nad1, a defensin from nicotiana alata, has potent antifungal activity against a variety of fungi of both hyphal and yeast morphologies. the mechanism of action of nad1 occurs via three steps: binding to the fungal cell surface, permeabilization of the plasma membrane, and internalization and interaction with intracellular targets to induce fungal cell ...201424566173
in vitro antifugal activity of medicinal plant extract against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 the causal agent of tomato wilt.medicinal plant extracts of five plants; adhatoda vasica, eucalyptus globulus, lantana camara, nerium oleander and ocimum basilicum collected from cairo, egypt were evaluated against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 in vitro conditions using water and certain organic solvents. the results revealed that cold distilled water extracts of o. basilicum and e. globulus were the most effective ones for inhibiting the growth of f. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. butanolic and ethanolic extract ...201424561899
manipulating cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cad) expression in flax affects fibre composition and properties.in recent decades cultivation of flax and its application have dramatically decreased. one of the reasons for this is unpredictable quality and properties of flax fibre, because they depend on environmental factors, retting duration and growing conditions. these factors have contribution to the fibre composition, which consists of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and pectin. by far, it is largely established that in flax, lignin reduces an accessibility of enzymes either to pectin, hemicellulos ...201424552628
functional analysis of the conserved transcriptional regulator cfwor1 in cladosporium fulvum reveals diverse roles in the virulence of plant pathogenic fungi.fungal wor1-like proteins are conserved transcriptional regulators that are reported to regulate the virulence of several plant pathogenic fungi by affecting the expression of virulence genes. here, we report the functional analysis of cfwor1, the homologue of wor1 in cladosporium fulvum. δcfwor1 mutants produce sclerotium-like structures and rough hyphae, which are covered with a black extracellular matrix. these mutants do not sporulate and are no longer virulent on tomato. a ce.cfwor1 transfo ...201424521437
first report of potato stem-end rot caused by fusarium oxysporum in korea.in this study, we identified the causative agent of stem-end rot in potatoes that were grown in gangwon alpine areas of korea in 2013. the disease symptoms included appearance of slightly sunken circular lesion with corky rot on the potato surface at the stem-end portion. the fungal species isolated from the infected potatoes were grown on potato dextrose agar and produced white aerial mycelia with dark violet pigments. the conidiophores were branched and monophialidic. the microconidia had elli ...201425071394
biocontrol of fusarium crown and root rot and promotion of growth of tomato by paenibacillus strains isolated from soil.in this study, bacterial strains were isolated from soils from 30 locations of samcheok, gangwon province. of the isolated strains, seven showed potential plant growth promoting and antagonistic activities. based on cultural and morphological characterization, and 16s rrna gene sequencing, these strains were identified as paenibacillus species. all seven strains produced ammonia, cellulase, hydrocyanic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, protease, phosphatase, and siderophores. they also inhibited the m ...201425071385
siderophore as a potential plant growth-promoting agent produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa jas-25.siderophores scavenges fe(+3) from the vicinity of the roots of plants, and thus limit the amount of iron required for the growth of pathogens such as fusarium oxysporum, pythium ultimum, and fusarium udum, which cause wilt and root rot disease in crops. the ability of pseudomonas to grow and to produce siderophore depends upon the iron content, ph, and temperature. maximum yield of siderophore of 130 μm was observed at ph 7.0 ± 0.2 and temperature of 30 °c at 30 h. the threshold level of iron w ...201425062779
[biological characteristics of fusarium oxysporum and inhibitory effects of five fungicides].the mycelium growth and sporulation in different temperature, ph value and light conditions were detected by using the crossing and haemocytometer method. the toxicity of five fungicides to fusarium oxysporum was tested by mycelia growth method, so as to provide the reference for prevention and control against f. oxysporum. the optimum temperature and ph value of f. oxysporum to grow and spore were 28 degrees c and 6-7. alternating light and darkness promoted growth and sporulation of bacterial ...201425039169
characterization of a yam class iv chitinase produced by recombinant pichia pastoris x-33.a yam (dioscorea opposita thunb) class iv chitinase, whose genomic dna was cloned by mitsunaga et al. (2004), was produced by the recombinant pichia pastoris x-33 in high yields such as 66 mg/l of culture medium. the chitinase was purified by column chromatography after endoglycosidase h treatment and then characterized. it showed properties similar to the original chitinase e purified from the yam tuber reported by arakane et al. (2000). this pichia-produced chitinase also showed strong lytic a ...201425036674
staurosporine from the endophytic streptomyces sp. strain cns-42 acts as a potential biocontrol agent and growth elicitor in cucumber.chinese medicinal plants and their surrounding rhizospheric soil serve as promising sources of actinobacteria. a total of 180 actinobacteria strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil, leaves, stems, and roots of nine selected plants and have been identified as potential biocontrol agents against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. an endophytic strain cns-42 isolated from alisma orientale showed the largest zone of inhibition demonstrating a potent effect against f. oxysporum f. sp. cuc ...201425035061
reduction of fusarium rot and maintenance of fruit quality in melon using eco-friendly hot water treatment.significant losses in harvested fruit can be directly attributable to decay fungi and quality deterioration. hot water treatment (hwt) has been demonstrated to be an effective and economic environment-friendly approach for managing postharvest decay and maintaining fruit quality. in this study, the effects of hwt (45 °c for 10, 15, 20, and 25 min) on in vitro growth of fusarium oxysporum, in vivo fusarium rot, and natural decay of melon were investigated. hwt inhibited spore germination and germ ...201425030787
hyphal growth of phagocytosed fusarium oxysporum causes cell lysis and death of murine macrophages.fusarium oxysporum is an important plant pathogen and an opportunistic pathogen of humans. here we investigated phagocytosis of f. oxysporum by j774.1 murine cell line macrophages using live cell video microscopy. macrophages avidly migrated towards f. oxysporum germlings and were rapidly engulfed after cell-cell contact was established. f. oxysporum germlings continued hyphal growth after engulfment by macrophages, leading to associated macrophage lysis and escape. macrophage killing depended o ...201425025395
phytohormone profiles induced by trichoderma isolates correspond with their biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activity on melon plants.the application of trichoderma strains with biocontrol and plant growth-promoting capacities to plant substrates can help reduce the input of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture. some trichoderma isolates can directly affect plant pathogens, but they also are known to influence the phytohormonal network of their host plant, thus leading to an improvement of plant growth and stress tolerance. in this study, we tested whether alterations in the phytohormone signature induced by diff ...201425023078
marker assisted selection (mas) for chickpea fusarium oxysporum wilt resistant genotypes using pcr based molecular markers.the exploration of genetically superior accessions is the key source of germplasm conservation and potential breeding material for the future. to meet the demand of better yielding chickpea cultivars in pakistan the present study was organized to select more stable and resistant lines from indigenous as well as exotic chickpea germplasm obtained from plant genetic resource institute (pgri), national agricultural research centre, islamabad, pakistan. for the identification and evaluation of chick ...201425017202
native cell-death genes as candidates for developing wilt resistance in transgenic banana plants.in order to feed an ever-increasing world population, there is an urgent need to improve the production of staple food and fruit crops. the productivity of important food and fruit crops is constrained by numerous biotic and abiotic factors. the cultivation of banana, which is an important fruit crop, is severely threatened by fusarium wilt disease caused by infestation by an ascomycetes fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (foc). since there are no established edible cultivars of banana res ...201424996429
genotypic and phenotypic characterization of fungi in the fusarium oxysporum species complex from soybean roots.isolates in the fusarium oxysporum species complex (fosc) from soybean range from nonpathogenic to aggressive pathogens causing seedling damping-off, wilt, and root rot. the objective of this research was to characterize the genotype and phenotype of isolates within the fosc recovered predominantly from soybean roots and seedlings. sequence analyses of the translation elongation factor (tef1α) gene and the mitochondrial small subunit (mtssu), polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length ...201424983844
toxicity of abiotic stressors to fusarium species: differences in hydrogen peroxide and fungicide tolerance.stress sensitivity of three related phytopathogenic fusarium species (fusarium graminearum, fusarium oxysporum and fusarium verticillioides) to different oxidative, osmotic, cell wall, membrane, fungicide stressors and an antifungal protein (paf) were studied in vitro. the most prominent and significant differences were found in oxidative stress tolerance: all the three f. graminearum strains showed much higher sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and, to a lesser extent, to menadione than the other ...201424939687
purification, characterization, and in vitro activity of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol from pseudomonas monteilii psf84: conformational and molecular docking studies.a novel strain of pseudomonas monteilii, psf84, was isolated from tannery waste soil from jajmau, kanpur, india. 16s rrna gene sequence phylogenetic analysis confirmed the taxonomic affiliation of psf84 as p. monteilii. an antifungal volatile organic compound (voc) active against hyphal growth of fusarium oxysporum (cimap-imi-357464) in vitro was isolated from strain psf84 by using chromatographic techniques. the molecular formula of the antifungal voc was deduced to be c₁₄h₂₂o by ei-ms and 1d a ...201424934765
molecular determination of mixed infections of dermatophytes and nondermatophyte molds in individuals with onychomycosis.reports of mixed infections with nondermatophyte molds (ndms) and dermatophytes in onychomycosis are rare, possibly owing to the inhibition of ndm growth during traditional culture. we sought to determine the prevalence of mixed infections in onychomycosis using molecular identification.201425076075
exploring microrna-like small rnas in the filamentous fungus fusarium oxysporum.rna silencing such as quelling and meiotic silencing by unpaired dna (msud) and several other classes of special small rnas have been discovered in filamentous fungi recently. more than four different mechanisms of microrna-like rnas (milrnas) production have been illustrated in the model fungus neurospora crassa including a dicer-independent pathway. to date, very little work focusing on small rnas in fungi has been reported and no universal or particular characteristic of milrnas were defined ...201425141304
fusarium oxysporum induces the production of proteins and volatile organic compounds by trichoderma harzianum t-e5.trichoderma species have been used widely as biocontrol agents for the suppression of soil-borne pathogens. however, some antagonistic mechanisms of trichoderma are not well characterized. in this study, a series of laboratory experiments were designed to characterize the importance of mycoparasitism, exoenzymes, and volatile organic compounds (vocs) by trichoderma harzianum t-e5 for the control of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (foc). we further tested whether these mechanisms were induc ...201425135494
extracellular chitin deacetylase production in solid state fermentation by native soil isolates of penicillium monoverticillium and fusarium oxysporum.extracellular chitin deacetylase production by native soil isolates of penicillium monoverticillium cfr 2 and fusarium oxysporum cfr 8 in solid state fermentation (ssf) using commercial wheat bran (cwb) and shrimp processing by-products (spp) as solid substrate has been studied. p. monoverticillium produced maximum chitin deacetylase activity of 547.7 ± 45 and 390.2 ± 31 units/g initial dry substrate (u/g ids) at 96 h of incubation in cwb and spp media, respectively. while, f. oxysporum produced ...201425114353
a major qtl associated with fusarium oxysporum race 1 resistance identified in genetic populations derived from closely related watermelon lines using selective genotyping and genotyping-by-sequencing for snp discovery.a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) for fusarium oxysporum fr. f. sp. niveum race 1 resistance was identified by employing a "selective genotyping" approach together with genotyping-by-sequencing technology to identify qtls and single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the resistance among closely related watermelon genotypes. fusarium wilt is a major disease of watermelon caused by the soil-borne fungus fusarium oxysporum schlechtend.:fr. f. sp. niveum (e.f. sm.) w.c. snyder & h.n. han ...201425104326
benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrid molecules: synthesis and evaluation for antibacterial/antifungal activity.a novel series of hybrid molecules 4a-i and 5a-i were prepared by condensation of 4-(trimethylsilylethynyl)benzaldehyde 1 with substituted o-phenylenediamines. these in turn were reacted with 2-(azidomethoxy)ethyl acetate in a cu alkyne-azide cycloaddition (cuaac) to generate the 1,2,3-triazole pharmacophore under microwave assistance. the newly synthesized compounds were examined for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and the phytopathogenic ...201425088180
genome sequence of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis strain nrrl 26406, a fungus causing wilt disease on melon.horizontal chromosome transfer introduces host-specific pathogenicity among members of the fusarium oxysporum species complex and is responsible for some of the most destructive and intractable plant diseases. this paper reports the genome sequence of f. oxysporum f. sp. melonis (nrrl 26406), a causal agent of fusarium wilt disease on melon.201425081257
fungus-mediated preferential bioleaching of waste material such as fly - ash as a means of producing extracellular, protein capped, fluorescent and water soluble silica nanoparticles.in this paper, we for the first time show the ability of the mesophilic fungus fusarium oxysporum in the bioleaching of waste material such as fly-ash for the extracellular production of highly crystalline and highly stable, protein capped, fluorescent and water soluble silica nanoparticles at ambient conditions. when the fungus fusarium oxysporum is exposed to fly-ash, it is capable of selectively leaching out silica nanoparticles of quasi-spherical morphology within 24 h of reaction. these sil ...201425244567
fungal infections after liver transplantation: incidence and outcome.fungal infections, although less frequent than bacterial infections, represent a severe comorbidity with an exponential increase in mortality rate in liver transplantation patients. the incidence of invasive fungal infections (ifis) after solid organ transplantation ranges from 7% to 42%, with candida spp. and aspergillus spp. as the most common pathogens. fungal infections in liver transplant recipients have been associated with poor outcome and mortality rates ranging from 65% to 90% for invas ...201425242777
characterization of fusarium secorum, a new species causing fusarium yellowing decline of sugar beet in north central usa.this study characterized a novel sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) pathogen from the red river valley in north central usa, which was formally named fusarium secorum. molecular phylogenetic analyses of three loci (translation elongation factor1α, calmodulin, mitochondrial small subunit) and phenotypic data strongly supported the inclusion of f. secorum in the fusarium fujikuroi species complex (ffsc). phylogenetic analyses identified f. secorum as a sister taxon of f. acutatum and a member of the af ...201425209635
rapid and quantitative detection of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 in soil by real-time fluorescence loop-mediated isothermal amplification.in this study, a real-time fluorescence loop-mediated isothermal amplification (realamp) was developed and evaluated for the rapid and quantitative detection of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (r4) in soil.201425200557
[biodegradation of agricultural plant residues by fusarium oxysporum strains].the cellulolytic and endoglucanase activity of fusarium oxysporum strains isolated from soil and plants in the media with plant waste as carbon source has been studied. it was established that the majority of studied strains were able to hydrolyze the filter paper, husk of sunflower seeds, wheat straw and corn stalks. cellulolytic activity depended on the strain of microscopic fungi, type of substrate and duration of cultivation. the maximum cellulase activity 1 u/ml and the concentration of red ...201425199344
phylogeny and pathogenicity of fusarium spp. isolated from greenhouse melon soil in liaoning province.fungi of the fusarium oxysporum are widely distributed around the world in all types of soils, and they are all anamorphic species. in order to investigate the relationships and differences among fusarium spp., 25 fusarium spp. were isolated from greenhouse melon soils in liaoning province, china. with these 25 strains, three positive control fusarium strains were analyzed using universally primed pcr (up-pcr). seventy-three bands appeared after amplification using 6 primers, and 66 of these ban ...201425183948
effects of endogenous signals and fusarium oxysporum on the mechanism regulating genistein synthesis and accumulation in yellow lupine and their impact on plant cell cytoskeleton.the aim of the study was to examine cross-talk interactions of soluble sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) and infection caused by fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lupini on the synthesis of genistein in embryo axes of lupinus luteus l.cv. juno. genistein is a free aglycone, highly reactive and with the potential to inhibit fungal infection and development of plant diseases. as signal molecules, sugars strongly stimulated accumulation of isoflavones, including genistein, and the expression of the iso ...201425178062
in vitro inhibition activity of essential oils from some lamiaceae species against phytopathogenic fungi.natural products have been in focus as alternative, effective and safe materials against the phytopathogens. investigations show nepeta oils as effective in controlling the food crops decay. the inhibitory effects of essential oils derived from nepeta leucophylla, nepeta ciliaris, nepeta clarkei and calamintha umbrosa against five phytopthogenic fungi have been determined. in vitro antifungal activity varied with their constituents and target species. more active being the oils containing oxygen ...201425175652
tomato susceptibility to fusarium crown and root rot: effect of grafting combination and proteomic analysis of tolerance expression in the rootstock.grafting can enhance the tolerance of vegetable crops to soilborne diseases. the aim of this study was to investigate whether different tomato scion-rootstock combinations may affect the plant susceptibility to fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (forl), the causal agent of crown and root rot. a proteomic approach was used to investigate whenever the protein repertoire of the rootstock can be modified by forl infection, in relation to cultivar susceptibility/tolerance to the disease. t ...201425173633
characterization of fusarium wilt resistant somaclonal variants of banana cv. rasthali by cdna-rapd.fusarium wilt of banana, caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (foc), is counted among the most destructive diseases of crop plants in india. in the absence of any credible control measure to manage this disease, development of resistant cultivars is the best option. somaclonal variations arising out of long term in vitro culture of plant tissues is an important source of genetic variability and the selection of somaclones having desired characteristics is a promising strategy to develop p ...201425160909
[faba bean fusarium wilt (fusarium oxysporum )control and its mechanism in different wheat varieties and faba bean intercropping system].field experiment and hydroponic culture were conducted to investigate effects of three wheat varieties (yunmai 42, yunmai 47 and mianyang 29) and faba bean intercropping on the shoot biomass, disease index of fusarium wilt, functional diversity of microbial community and the amount of fusarium oxysporum in rhizosphere of faba bean. contents and components of the soluble sugars, free amino acids and organic acids in the root exudates were also examined. results showed that, compared with monocrop ...201425345048
construction of cdna expression library of watermelon for isolation of clwrky1 transcription factors gene involved in resistance to fusarium wilt.full-length cdnas are very important for genome annotation and functional analysis of genes. the number of full-length cdnas from watermelon remains limited. here we report first the construction of a full-length enriched cdna library from fusarium wilt stressed watermelon (citrullus lanatus thunb.) cultivar pi296341 root tissues using the smart method. the titer of primary cdna library and amplified library was 2.21 x 10(6) and 2.0 x 10(10) pfu/ml, respectively and the rate of recombinant was a ...201425296501
identification and characterization of wilt and salt stress-responsive micrornas in chickpea through high-throughput sequencing.chickpea (cicer arietinum) is the second most widely grown legume worldwide and is the most important pulse crop in the indian subcontinent. chickpea productivity is adversely affected by a large number of biotic and abiotic stresses. micrornas (mirnas) have been implicated in the regulation of plant responses to several biotic and abiotic stresses. this study is the first attempt to identify chickpea mirnas that are associated with biotic and abiotic stresses. the wilt infection that is caused ...201425295754
proteomics of fusarium oxysporum race 1 and race 4 reveals enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and ion transport that might play important roles in banana fusarium wilt.banana fusarium wilt is a soil-spread fungal disease caused by fusarium oxysporum. in china, the main virulence fungi in banana are f. oxysporum race 1 (f1, weak virulence) and race 4 (f4, strong virulence). to date, no proteomic analyses have compared the two races, but the difference in virulence between f1 and f4 might result from their differentially expressed proteins. here we report the first comparative proteomics of f1 and f4 cultured under various conditions, and finally identify 99 pro ...201425460190
lignin and lignans in plant defence: insight from expression profiling of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase genes during development and following fungal infection in populus.cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cad) catalyses the final step in the biosynthesis of monolignol, the main component of lignin. lignins, deposited in the secondary cell wall, play a role in plant defence against pathogens. we re-analysed the phylogeny of cad/cad-like genes using sequences from recently sequenced genomes, and analysed the temporal and spatial expression profiles of cad/cad-like genes in populus trichocarpa healthy and infected plants. three fungal pathogens (rhizoctonia solani, fu ...201425443838
challenges in ethanol production with fusarium oxysporum through consolidated bioprocessing.fusarium oxysporum has been reported as being able to both produce the enzymes necessary to degrade lignocellulosic biomass to sugars and also ferment the monosaccharides to ethanol under anaerobic or microaerobic conditions. however, in order to become an economically feasible alternative to other ethanol-producing microorganisms, a better understanding of its physiology, metabolic pathways, and bottlenecks is required, together with an improvement in its efficiency and robustness. in this repo ...201425424444
onychomycosis by fusarium oxysporum probably acquired in utero.fusarium oxysporum has been described as a pathogen causing onychomycosis, its incidence has been increasing in immunocompetent and disseminated infection can occur in immunosuppressed individuals. we describe the first case of congenital onychomycosis in a child caused by fusarium oxysporum. the infection being acquired in utero was proven by molecular methods with the identification of the fungus both in the nail and placenta, most probably as an ascending contamination/infection in a hiv-posi ...201425383318
endophytic bacteria from banana cultivars and their antifungal activity.endophytic microorganisms consist of fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes that play important roles in the process of plant adaptation to the environment. currently, the natural associations between microorganisms and plant species are being explored for a large number of biotechnological applications. in this study, 122 endophytic bacteria were isolated from 5 cultivars of musa spp from the state of amazonas (brazil). four strains were selected because they exhibited antagonistic activities again ...201425366756
[biological characteristics of an hog1 mapk homologous gene fohog1 knock-out mutant of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense].this study was aimed to obtain a mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) gene namely fohog1 from fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and to verify its function.201425752133
[allelopathic effects of phenolic compounds of melon root exudates on fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis].in this study, the phenolic compounds of melon root exudates were identified by hplc and seven phenolic compounds including gallic acid, phthalic acid, syringic acid, salicylic acid, ferulic acid, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid were observed. the laboratory experiment showed that ferulic acid, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid of 0.1 and 0.25 mmol x l(-1) could significantly promote the germination of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis spore while salicylic acid inhibited the spore germination to so ...201425509089
molecular defense responses in roots and the rhizosphere against fusarium oxysporum.plants face many different concurrent and consecutive abiotic and biotic stresses during their lifetime. roots can be infected by numerous pathogens and parasitic organisms. unlike foliar pathogens, root pathogens have not been explored enough to fully understand root-pathogen interactions and the underlying mechanism of defense and resistance. pr gene expression, structural responses, secondary metabolite and root exudate production, as well as the recruitment of plant defense-assisting "soldie ...201425482759
microbial contamination of domiciliary nebulisers and clinical implications in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.domiciliary nebulisers are widely used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) but nebuliser cleaning practice has not been assessed in patients with copd who are often elderly and may have severe disease and multiple comorbidities. we aimed to evaluate microbial contamination of home nebulisers used by patients with copd.201425478172
antimicrobial constituents from three endophytic fungi.to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of extracts of the endophytic fungi plectophomella sp., physalospora sp., and crataegus monogyna (c. monogyna) and study the tentative identification of their active constituents.201425312126
occurrence of root rot and vascular wilt diseases in roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) in upper egypt.roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) family malvaceae is an important crop used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutics industries. roselle is cultivated mainly in upper egypt (qena and aswan governorates) producing 94% of total production. root rot disease of roselle is one of the most important diseases that attack both seedlings and adult plants causing serious losses in crop productivity and quality. the main objective of the present study is to identify and characterize pathogens associated with r ...201424808737
isolation and characterization of genetic variability in bacteria with β-hemolytic and antifungal activity isolated from the rhizosphere of medicago truncatula plants.in the present study, we analyzed the frequency of hemolytic and antifungal activities in bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere of medicago truncatula plants. of the 2000 bacterial colonies, 96 showed β-hemolytic activities (frequency, 4.8 x 10(-2)). hemolytic isolates were analyzed for their genetic diversity by using random amplification of polymorphic dna, yielding 88 haplotypes. the similarity coefficient of nei and li showed a polymorphic diversity ranging from 0.3 to 1. additionally, 8 o ...201425062484
in vitro antifungal potentials of bioactive compound oleic acid, 3-(octadecyloxy) propyl ester isolated from lepidagathis cristata willd. (acanthaceae) inflorescence.to identify bioactive compound oleic acid, 3-(octadecyloxy) propyl ester from lepidagathis cristata willd. (l. cristata) and to assess antifungal potentials of the isolated compound.201425312119
novel phl-producing genotypes of finger millet rhizosphere associated pseudomonads and assessment of their functional and genetic diversity.genetic diversity of phld gene, an essential gene in the biosynthesis of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, was studied by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) in 20 phl-producing pseudomonads isolated from finger millet rhizosphere. rflp analysis of phld gene displayed three patterns with haeiii and taqi enzymes. phld gene sequence closely correlated with rflp results and revealed the existence of three new genotypes g, h and i. further, the phylogenetic and concatenated sequence analysis o ...201424819774
biochemical characterization of fruit-specific pathogenesis-related antifungal protein from basrai banana.pathogenesis-related/thaumatin like (pr-5/tl) antifungal protein from basrai banana was purified by using a simple protocol consisting of ammonium sulphate precipitation, affinity chromatography (affi-gel blue gel), q-sepharose chromatography and gel filtration on sephadex g-75. the purified protein with acidic character (pi 6.67) has molecular weight of 21.155 kda, as determined by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. the purified protein shared n-terminal sequence homology with other tlps. crude banan ...201424192113
galactose oxidase from fusarium oxysporum--expression in e. coli and p. pastoris and biochemical characterization.a gene coding for galactose 6-oxidase from fusarium oxysporum g12 was cloned together with its native preprosequence and a c-terminal his-tag, and successfully expressed both in escherichia coli and pichia pastoris. the enzyme was subsequently purified and characterized. among all tested substrates, the highest catalytic efficiency (kcat/km) was found with 1-methyl-β-d-galactopyranoside (2.2 mm(-1) s(-1)). the michaelis constant (km) for d-galactose was determined to be 47 mm. optimal ph and tem ...201424967652
fusarium species isolated from pennisetum clandestinum collected during outbreaks of kikuyu poisoning in cattle in south africa.kikuyu poisoning occurs sporadically in south africa. it is of major economic importance, as valuable dairy cows are often poisoned by it, and once affected, the mortality rate is high. pennisetum clandestinum samples were collected during eight outbreaks of kikuyu poisoning in cattle in the eastern cape province of south africa from 2008 to 2010. the kikuyu grass samples were submitted specifically for the isolation and molecular identification of fusarium species, as it was recently suggested ...201425686222
<i>fusarium</i> species isolated from <i>pennisetum clandestinum</i> collected during outbreaks of kikuyu poisoning in cattle in south africa.kikuyu poisoning occurs sporadically in south africa. it is of major economic importance, as valuable dairy cows are often poisoned by it, and once affected, the mortality rate is high. pennisetum clandestinum samples were collected during eight outbreaks of kikuyu poisoning in cattle in the eastern cape province of south africa from 2008 to 2010. the kikuyu grass samples were submitted specifically for the isolation and molecular identification of fusarium species, as it was recently suggested ...201428235286
root-associated fungi of rosa rugosa grown on the frontal dunes of the baltic sea coast in lithuania.the aim of the present study was to assess fungal communities associated with fine living roots of rosa rugosa thunb grown on the frontal dunes of curonian spit at the baltic sea coast in lithuania. the roots of r. rugosa were sampled at five sites (nida, preila, pervalka, juodkrante and smiltyne) situated at a distance ca. 5-15 km from each other. direct amplification, cloning and sequencing of fungal its rrna from the fine roots resulted in 134 high-quality sequences, representing 31 fungal ta ...201424402365
antimicrobial activity of ammodaucus leucotrichus fruit oil from algerian sahara.three fruit oil samples of ammodaucus leucotrichus cosson & durieu from algerian sahara were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc(ri), gc-ms and 13c nmr spectroscopy. the main compounds were perillaldehyde (87.0-87.9%) and limonene (7.4-8.2%). the antimicrobial effect of the essential oil was evaluated against bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi. high antibacterial activity was observed against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus. enterobacter cloaceae, bacillus cereus and sal ...201425026729
morphological and molecular characterization of fusarium spp pathogenic to pecan tree in brazil.the occurrence of fusarium spp associated with pecan tree (carya illinoinensis) diseases in brazil has been observed in recent laboratory analyses in rio grande do sul state. thus, in this study, we i) obtained fusarium isolates from plants with disease symptoms; ii) tested the pathogenicity of these fusarium isolates to pecan; iii) characterized and grouped fusarium isolates that were pathogenic to the pecan tree based on morphological characteristics; iv) identified fusarium spp to the species ...201425501150
silver nanoparticle production by the fungus fusarium oxysporum: nanoparticle characterisation and analysis of antifungal activity against pathogenic yeasts.the microbial synthesis of nanoparticles is a green chemistry approach that combines nanotechnology and microbial biotechnology. the aim of this study was to obtain silver nanoparticles (snps) using aqueous extract from the filamentous fungus fusarium oxysporum as an alternative to chemical procedures and to evaluate its antifungal activity. snps production increased in a concentration-dependent way up to 1 mm silver nitrate until 30 days of reaction. monodispersed and spherical snps were predom ...201424714966
marine-derived penicillium in korea: diversity, enzyme activity, and antifungal properties.the diversity of marine-derived penicillium from korea was investigated using morphological and multigene phylogenetic approaches, analyzing sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region, β-tubulin gene, and rna polymerase subunit ii gene. in addition, the biological activity of all isolated strains was evaluated. we tested for the extracellular enzyme activity of alginase, endoglucanase, and β-glucosidase, and antifungal activity against two plant pathogens (colletotrichum acutatum and fu ...201424908060
synergistic effect of dazomet soil fumigation and clonostachys rosea against cucumber fusarium wilt.soil fumigation and biological control are two control measures frequently used against soilborne diseases. in this study, the chemical fumigant dazomet was applied in combination with the biocontrol agent (bca) clonostachys rosea 67-1 to combat cucumber wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum kw2-1. when the mycoparasite c. rosea 67-1 was applied after dazomet fumigation, disease control reached 100%, compared with 88.1 and 69.8% for dazomet and 67-1 agent, respectively, applied al ...201424941326
in-vitro antimicrobial, antibiofilm, cytotoxic, antifeedant and larvicidal properties of novel quinone isolated from aegle marmelos (linn.) correa.plant metabolites have wide applications and have the potential to cure different diseases caused by microorganisms. the aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, cytotoxic, antifeedant and larvicidal properties of novel quinine isolated from aegle marmelos (linn.) correa.201425359605
efficacy of oryza sativa husk and quercus phillyraeoides extracts for the in vitro and in vivo control of fungal rot disease of white yam (dioscorea rotundata poir).tuber rot disease is a major constraint to white yam (dioscorea rotundata) production, accounting for 50-60% of annual yield losses in nigeria. the main method of control using synthetic fungicides is being discouraged due to human and environmental health hazards. the potential of oryza sativa husk (osh) and quercus phillyraeoides (qp) extracts for the in vitro and in vivo control of six virulent rot-causing fungal pathogens, lasiodiplodia theobromae, aspergillus niger, rhizoctonia solani, peni ...201425674452
[biological activity of lipids and photosynthetic pigments of sargassum pallidum c. agardh].the biological activity of lipids and photosynthetic pigments of the kelp sargassum pallidum (turner) c. agardh has been studied. free fatty acids and their esters demonstrated considerable antimicrobial activity against bacteria (staphylococcus aureus[ital] and escherichia coli), yeast-like fungi (candida albicans), and opportunistic pathogenic (aspergilius niger) and phytopathogenic (fusarium oxysporum, and septoria glycines) fungi. glyceroglycolipids and neutral lipids demonstrated moderate a ...201425272757
exopolysaccharides and antimicrobial biosurfactants produced by paenibacillus macerans tku029.paenibacillus macerans tku029 can produce exopolysaccharides (epss; 3.46 g/l) and a biosurfactant (1.78 g/l) in a medium with 2 % (w/v) squid pen powder as the sole carbon/nitrogen source. the biosurfactant can reduce the surface tension of water from 72.30 to 35.34 mn/m at a concentration of 2.76 g/l and reach an emulsification index of 56 % after a 24-h reaction with machine oil. this biosurfactant is stable at 121 °c for 20 min, over a ph range from 3 to 11, and in <5 % salt solutions. it als ...201424122708
fungal model systems and the elucidation of pathogenicity determinants.fungi have the capacity to cause devastating diseases of both plants and animals, causing significant harvest losses that threaten food security and human mycoses with high mortality rates. as a consequence, there is a critical need to promote development of new antifungal drugs, which requires a comprehensive molecular knowledge of fungal pathogenesis. in this review, we critically evaluate current knowledge of seven fungal organisms used as major research models for fungal pathogenesis. these ...201425011008
influence of acetylation degree and molecular weight of homogeneous chitosans on antibacterial and antifungal activities.the results given in the literature are conflicting when considering the relationship between antimicrobial activity and chitosan characteristics. to be able to clarify, we prepared fifteen homogeneous chitosans with different acetylation degrees (da) and molecular weights (mw) by reacetylation of a fully deacetylated chitin under homogeneous conditions. they were tested at different ph values for their antimicrobial activities against four gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas a ...201424929684
sequence analysis and heterologous expression of the wool cuticle-degrading enzyme encoding genes in fusarium oxysporum 26-1.two protease-like proteins, krta and krtc, were identified in fusarium oxysporum 26-1. genes coding these proteins, krta and krtc, were isolated and characterized. recombinant krta (rkrta) and krtc (rkrtc) were successfully expressed in aspergillus oryzae and secreted. the combination of rkrta and rkrtc completely removed the cuticle of wool fibers.201424360406
conversion of fusaric acid to fusarinol by aspergillus tubingensis: a detoxification reaction.the fungus fusarium oxysporum causes wilt diseases of plants and produces a potent phytotoxin fusaric acid (fa), which is also toxic to many microorganisms. an aspergillus tubingensis strain with high tolerance to fa was isolated from soil and designated as cdrat01. hplc analysis of culture filtrates from a. tubingensis isolate cdrat01 grown with the addition of fa indicated the formation of a metabolite over time that was associated with a decrease of fa. spectral analysis and chemical synthesi ...201424352475
[superficial mycoses in patients from anzoátegui state, venezuela, period 2002-2012].superficial fungal diseases that affect the skin and its appendages are frequently seen in basic triage and in dermatology services. these diseases are distributed in venezuela with an incidence of 92.9%. the aim of this study was to determine the genera and species that cause dermatomycoses in residents of anzoátegui state, venezuela, during the period 2002-2012. a total of 4257 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of superficial mycoses were studied, with ages from 7 months to 79 years. the o ...201425558751
isolation of bacillus amyloliquefaciens s20 and its application in control of eggplant bacterial wilt.bacterial strain s20 was isolated and identified as bacillus amyloliquefaciens based on physiological and biochemical characteristics and a 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. strain s20 inhibits the growth of fusarium oxysporum and ralstonia solanacearum. some genes associated with the synthesis of some lipopeptides were detected in strain s20 by pcr. iturins a were identified as the main antagonistic substrates by analysis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry/collision-induced dissociat ...201424632400
enhanced rhizosphere colonization of beneficial bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 by pathogen infection.root exudates play important roles in root-soil microorganism interactions and can mediate tripartite interactions of beneficial microorganisms-plant-pathogen in the rhizosphere. however, the roles of organic acid components in this process have not been well studied. in this study the colonization of a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9, on cucumber root infected by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum j. h. owen (foc) was investigated. chemotaxis and biofil ...201424612247
bacillus amyloliquefaciens q-426 as a potential biocontrol agent against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae.in recent years, bacillus species have received considerable attention for the biological control of many fungal diseases. in this study, bacillus amyloliquefaciens q-426 was tested for its potential use against a variety of plant pathogens. our screen for genes involved in the biosynthesis of antifungal agents revealed that the fen and bmy gene clusters are present in the q-426 genome. lipopeptides such as bacillomycin d, fengycin a, and fengycin b were purified from the bacterial culture broth ...201423553741
constitutive homologous expression of phosphoglucomutase and transaldolase increases the metabolic flux of fusarium oxysporum.fusarium oxysporum is among the few filamentous fungi that have been reported of being able to directly ferment biomass to ethanol in a consolidated bioprocess. understanding its metabolic pathways and their limitations can provide some insights on the genetic modifications required to enhance its growth and subsequent fermentation capability. in this study, we investigated the hypothesis reported previously that phosphoglucomutase and transaldolase are metabolic bottlenecks in the glycolysis an ...201424649884
inhibition of cereal rust fungi by both class i and ii defensins derived from the flowers of nicotiana alata.defensins are a large family of small, cysteine-rich, basic proteins, produced by most plants and plant tissues. they have a primary function in defence against fungal disease, although other functions have been described. this study reports the isolation and characterization of a class i secreted defensin (nad2) from the flowers of nicotiana alata, and compares its antifungal activity with the class ii defensin (nad1) from n. alata flowers, which is stored in the vacuole. nad2, like all other c ...201424015961
structural and functional diversity of rhizobacteria associated with rauwolfia spp. across the western ghat regions of karnataka, india.the present study carried out with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of dna extracted from rhizosphere soils of rauwolfia spp. collected from western ghat (wg) regions of karnataka indicated that pseudomonas sp. was prevalently found followed by methylobacterium sp., bacillus sp. and uncultured bacteria. a total of 200 rhizobacteria were isolated from 58 rhizosphere soil samples comprising of 15 different bacterial genera. the shannon weaver diversity index (h') and simpson's diversity ind ...201423864441
asterisulphoxide and asterisulphone: two new antibacterial and antifungal metabolites from the tunisian asteriscus maritimus (l.) less.two new sulphur-containing metabolites, asterisulphoxide 1 and asterisulphone 2, together with six known compounds, coniferaldehyde 4, 4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzaldehyde 3, methylcaffeate 5, isobutyrate 10-isobutyryloxy-8,9-epoxythymyle 6, 8,9-dihydroxy-10-isobutyryloxythymol 7 and 8-hydroxy-9,14-diisobutyryloxythymol 8, were isolated from asteriscus maritimus roots. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and comparison with authentic samples. compounds 1-8 were ass ...201424824823
control of root rot and wilt diseases of roselle under field conditions.roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) is one of the most important medicinal crops in many parts of the world. in this study, the effects of microelements, antioxidants, and bioagents on fusarium oxysporum, f. solani, and macrophomina phaseolina, the causal pathogens of root rot and wilt diseases in roselle, were examined under field conditions. preliminary studies were carried out in vitro in order to select the most effective members to be used in field control trials. our results showed that micro ...201425606010
preparative thin-layer chromatographic separation followed by identification of antifungal compound in cassia laevigata by rp-hplc and gc-ms.several species of the genus cassia are known for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities, but some of the lesser-known cassia species, e.g. c. renigera, c. biflora and c. laevigata have not been studied for their biological activities.201423749313
characterization of volatile constituents from origanum onites and their antifungal and antibacterial activity.essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation (hd) and microwave-assisted hd (mwhd) of origanum onites aerial parts were analyzed by gc and gcims. thirty-one constituents representing 98.6% of the water-distilled oil and 52 constituents representing 99.6% of the microwave-distilled oil were identified. carvacrol (76.8% hd and 79.2% mwhd) and thymol (4.7% hd and 4.4% mwhd) were characterized as major constituents in both essential oils. separation of carvacrol and thymol was achieved by overpressu ...201424645494
combination of endophytic bacillus and beauveria for the management of fusarium wilt and fruit borer in tomato.most of the approaches for biocontrol of pests and diseases have used a single biocontrol agent as antagonist to a single pest or pathogen. this accounts for the inconsistency in the performance of biocontrol agents. the development of a bioformulation possessing a mixture of bioagents could be a viable option for the management of major pests and diseases in crop plants.201424376014
bioassays guided isolation of compounds from chaetomium globosum.the aim of the present study was to evaluate different biological activities of the fungus chaetomium globosum (family chaetomiaceae). the evaluation was done through testing its antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer effects. c. globosum was isolated from the cucumber soil (rhizosphere) and caused inhibition of the mycelial growth of fusarium solani, rhizoctonia solani and sclerotium rolfsii in the biculture test. petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of the liquid culture of c. globosu ...201424361402
purification and identification of two antifungal cyclic dipeptides from bacillus cereus subsp. thuringiensis associated with a rhabditid entomopathogenic nematode especially against fusarium oxysporum.the cell-free culture filtrate of bacillus cereus subsp. thuringiensis associated with an entomopathogenic nematode (epn), rhabditis (oscheius) sp., exhibited strong antimicrobial activity. the ethyl acetate extract of the bacterial culture filtrate was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain two cyclic dipeptides (cdps). the structure and absolute stereochemistry of this compound were determined based on extensive spectroscopic analyses (fabms, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, (1)h-(1)h cosy ...201423402421
antifungal attributes of siderophore produced by the pseudomonas aeruginosa jas-25.siderophores produced by pseudomonas sp. play a vital role in controlling several plant diseases. public concern about chemical pesticides has fostered an interest to seek alternative control strategies. production of siderophore by pseudomonas aeruginosa jas-25 in king b medium was estimated at 400 nm and was partially purified by gel filtration chromatography using sephadex g 25. antifungal activity and inhibition of spore germination was studied against the phytopathogens like fusarium oxyspo ...201423686966
production and characterization of iturinic lipopeptides as antifungal agents and biosurfactants produced by a marine pinctada martensii-derived bacillus mojavensis b0621a.bacillus mojavensis b0621a was isolated from a pearl oyster pinctada martensii collected from south china sea. while screening for cyclic lipopeptides potentially useful as lead compounds for biological control against soil-bone fungal plant pathogens, three lipopeptides were isolated and purified from the fermentation broth of b. mojavensis b0621a via vacuum flash chromatography coupled with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc). the structural characterization and ide ...201424699814
control of spoilage fungi by protective lactic acid bacteria displaying probiotic properties.thirty-six lactic acid bacteria belong to lactococcus, lactobacillus, enterococcus, and pediococcus were isolated, and the spectrum of antifungal activity was verified against fusarium oxysporum (kacc 42109), aspergillus niger (kacc 42589), fusarium moniliforme (kacc 08141), penicillium chrysogenum (nii 08137), and the yeast candida albicans (mtcc 3017). three isolates, identified as pediococcus pentosaceus (tg2), lactobacillus casei (dy2), and lactococcus (bsn) were selected further, and their ...201424532445
in vitro screening of antifungal activity of marine sponge extracts against five phytopathogenic fungi.the aim of our research is the screening of extracts of marine sponges for their antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi. the in vitro screening of hydroalcoholic and organic extracts of ten marine sponges from atlantic coast of morocco against five phytopathogenic fungi (fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis, fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici, fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris, botrytis cinerea and penicillium digitatum) showed that only two sponges (haliclona viscosa and cynachi ...201425392799
molecular inversion probe: a new tool for highly specific detection of plant pathogens.highly specific detection methods, capable of reliably identifying plant pathogens are crucial in plant disease management strategies to reduce losses in agriculture by preventing the spread of diseases. we describe a novel molecular inversion probe (mip) assay that can be potentially developed into a robust multiplex platform to detect and identify plant pathogens. a mip has been designed for the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans and the proof of concept for the effi ...201425343255
antifungal activity of paenibacillus kribbensis strain t-9 isolated from soils against several plant pathogenic fungi.the bacterial strain t-9, which shows strong antifungal activity, is isolated from the soils of samcheok, gangwondo and identified as paenibacillus kribbensis according to morphological and taxonomic characteristics and 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. the p. kribbensis strain t-9 strongly inhibits the growth of various phytopathogenic fungi including botrytis cinerea, colletotricum acutatum, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, magnaporthe oryzae, phytophthora capsici, rhizoctonia sol ...201425288992
design, synthesis and fungicidal activities of some novel pyrazole derivatives.in order to discover new compounds with good fungicidal activities, 32 pyrazole derivatives were designed and synthesized. the structures of the target compounds were confirmed by 1h-nmr, 13c-nmr, and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (hr-esi-ms), and their fungicidal activities against botrytis cinerea, rhizoctonia solani kuhn, valsa mali miyabe et yamada, thanatephorus cucumeris (frank) donk, fusarium oxysporum (s-chl) f.sp. cucumerinum owen, and fusarium graminearum sc ...201425203055
isolation of a trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor and its functional properties.a novel trypsin inhibitor with thermal and ph stability, designated merrtine, was isolated from glycine max l. merr. the procedure involved ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on cm-sephadex c-50, and affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel. the 20 n-terminal amino acid sequences were determined to be deyskpccdlcmctrrcppq, demonstrating high homology with the sequence of bowman-birk type trypsin inhibitors. the molecular mass and isoelectric point of the inhibitor we ...201424499360
application of silica nanoparticles in maize to enhance fungal resistance.in this study, maize treated with nanosilica (20-40 nm) is screened for resistance against phytopathogens such as fusarium oxysporum and aspergillus niger and compared with that of bulk silica. the resistivity is measured for disease index and expression of plant responsive compounds such as total phenols, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. the results indicate that nanosilica-treated plant shows a higher expression of phenolic compounds (2056 and 743 mg/ml) and a lo ...201425082220
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