Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
identification of phakopsora pachyrhizi candidate effectors with virulence activity in a distantly related pathosystem.phakopsora pachyrhizi is the causal agent of asian soybean rust, a disease that causes enormous economic losses, most markedly in south america. p. pachyrhizi is a biotrophic pathogen that utilizes specialized feeding structures called haustoria to colonize its hosts. in rusts and other filamentous plant pathogens, haustoria have been shown to secrete effector proteins into their hosts to permit successful completion of their life cycle. we have constructed a cdna library from p. pachyrhizi haus ...201627014295
transcriptional dynamics of phytophthora infestans during sequential stages of hemibiotrophic infection of tomato.hemibiotrophic plant pathogens, such as the oomycete phytophthora infestans, employ a biphasic infection strategy, initially behaving as biotrophs, where minimal symptoms are exhibited by the plant, and subsequently as necrotrophs, feeding on dead plant tissue. the regulation of this transition and the breadth of molecular mechanisms that modulate plant defences are not well understood, although effector proteins secreted by the pathogen are thought to play a key role. we examined the transcript ...201625845484
ectopic expression of arabidopsis l-type lectin receptor kinase genes lecrk-i.9 and lecrk-ix.1 in nicotiana benthamiana confers phytophthora resistance.transgenic nicotiana benthamiana lines with constitutive expression of an arabidopsis lectin receptor kinase gene (lecrk - i.9 or lecrk - ix.1) show enhanced resistance to phytophthora pathogens, demonstrating conserved gene functionality after interfamily transfer. in plants, cell surface receptors mediate the first layer of innate immunity against pathogenic microbes. in arabidopsis several l-type lectin receptor kinases (lecrks) were previously found to function as phytophthora resistance com ...201626795144
identification and characterization of suppressors of plant cell death (spd) effectors from magnaporthe oryzae.phytopathogenic microorganisms, including the fungal pathogen magnaporthe oryzae, secrete a myriad of effector proteins to facilitate infection. utilizing the transient expression of candidate effectors in the leaves of the model plant nicotiana benthamiana, we identified 11 suppressors of plant cell death (spd) effectors from m. oryzae that were able to block the host cell death reaction induced by nep1. ten of these 11 were also able to suppress bax-mediated plant cell death. five of the 11 sp ...201627301772
an e3 ligase affects the nlr receptor stability and immunity to powdery mildew.following the detection of pathogen cognate effectors, plant nod-like receptors (nlrs) trigger isolate-specific immunity that is generally associated with cell death. the regulation of nlr stability is important to ensure effective immunity. in barley (hordeum vulgare), the allelic mildew locus a (mla) receptors mediate isolate-specific disease resistance against powdery mildew fungus (blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). currently, how mla stability is controlled remains unknown. here, we identifi ...201627780896
heterologous expression screens in nicotiana benthamiana identify a candidate effector of the wheat yellow rust pathogen that associates with processing bodies.rust fungal pathogens of wheat (triticum spp.) affect crop yields worldwide. the molecular mechanisms underlying the virulence of these pathogens remain elusive, due to the limited availability of suitable molecular genetic research tools. notably, the inability to perform high-throughput analyses of candidate virulence proteins (also known as effectors) impairs progress. we previously established a pipeline for the fast-forward screens of rust fungal candidate effectors in the model plant nicot ...201626863009
knocking down expression of the auxin-amidohydrolase iar3 alters defense responses in solanaceae family plants.in plants, indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) amido hydrolases (ahs) participate in auxin homeostasis by releasing free iaa from iaa-amino acid conjugates. we investigated the role of iar3, a member of the iaa amido hydrolase family, in the response of solanaceous plants challenged by biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens. by means of genome inspection and phylogenic analysis we firstly identified iaa-ah sequences and putative iar3 orthologs in nicotiana benthamiana, tomato and potato. we evaluated t ...201627968994
comprehensive transcriptional and functional analyses of melatonin synthesis genes in cassava reveal their novel role in hypersensitive-like cell death.melatonin is a widely known hormone in animals. since melatonin was discovered in plants, more and more studies highlight its involvement in a wide range of physiological processes including plant development and stress responses. many advances have been made in the terms of melatonin-mediated abiotic stress resistance and innate immunity in plants, focusing on model plants such as rice and arabidopsis. in this study, 7 melatonin synthesis genes were systematically analyzed in cassava. quantitat ...201627739451
the c2 protein of tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus acts as a pathogenicity determinant and a 16-amino acid domain is responsible for inducing a hypersensitive response in plants.the role of the c2 protein in the pathogenicity of tomato yellow leaf curl sardinia virus (tylcsv) was investigated. here we report that agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of tylcsv c2 resulted in a strong hypersensitive response (hr) in nicotiana benthamiana, n. tabacum, and arabidopsis thaliana, with induction of plant cell death and production of h2o2. since hr is not evident in plants infected by tylcsv, it is expected that tylcsv encodes a gene (or genes) that counters this respons ...201626826600
comparison of helper component-protease rna silencing suppression activity, subcellular localization, and aggregation of three korean isolates of turnip mosaic virus.in 2014, we performed a nationwide survey in korean radish fields to investigate the distribution and variability of turnip mosaic virus (tumv). brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis sap-inoculated with three isolates of tumv from infected radish tissue showed different symptom severities, whereas symptoms in raphanus sativus were similar for each isolate. the helper component-protease (hc-pro) genes of each isolate were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the three korean isolates were clu ...201627059238
magnaporthe oryzae effectors moheg13 and moheg16 interfere with host infection and moheg13 counteracts cell death caused by magnaporthe-nlps in tobacco.adapted pathogens are able to modulate cell responses of their hosts most likely due to the activity of secreted effector molecules thereby enabling colonisation by ostensible nonhost pathogens. it is postulated that host and nonhost pathogens of a given plant species differ in their repertoire of secreted effector molecules that are able to suppress plant resistance. we pursued the strategy of identifying novel effectors of magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of blast disease, by comparing the ...201626883226
studying the mechanism of plasmopara viticola rxlr effectors on suppressing plant immunity.the rxlr effector family, produced by oomycete pathogens, may manipulate host physiological and biochemical events inside host cells. a group of putative rxlr effectors from plasmopara viticola have been recently identified by rna-seq analysis in our lab. however, their roles in pathogenesis are poorly understood. in this study, we attempted to characterize 23 pvrxlr effector candidates identified from a p. viticola isolate "zj-1-1." during host infection stages, expression patterns of the effec ...201627242731
pstha5a23, a candidate effector from the obligate biotrophic pathogen puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is involved in plant defense suppression and rust pathogenicity.during the infection of host plants, pathogens can deliver virulence-associated 'effector' proteins to promote plant susceptibility. however, little is known about effector function in the obligate biotrophic pathogen puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst) that is an important fungal pathogen in wheat production worldwide. here, they report their findings on an in planta highly induced candidate effector from pst, pstha5a23. the pstha5a23 gene is unique to pst and shows a low level of intra-s ...201627871149
tasyp71, a qc-snare, contributes to wheat resistance against puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (snares) are involved in plant resistance; however, the role of syp71 in the regulation of plant-pathogen interactions is not well known. in this study, we characterized a plant-specific snare in wheat, tasyp71, which contains a qc-snare domain. three homologs are localized on chromosome 1al, 1bl, and 1dl. using agrobacterium-mediated transient expression, tasyp71 was localized to the plasma membrane in nicotiana benthamiana. quantit ...201627148348
an in vitro reprogrammable antiviral risc with size-preferential ribonuclease activity.infection of nicotiana benthamiana plants with tomato bushy stunt virus (tbsv) mutants compromised for silencing suppression induces formation of an antiviral risc (vrisc) that can be isolated using chromatography procedures. the isolated vrisc sequence-specifically degrades tbsv rna in vitro, its activity can be down-regulated by removing sirnas, and re-stimulated by exogenous supply of sirnas. vrisc is most effective at hydrolyzing the ~4.8kb genomic rna, but less so for a ~2.2kb tbsv subgenom ...201626812224
the involvement of ros producing aldehyde oxidase in plant response to tombusvirus infection.the influence of tomato bushy stunt virus (tbsv) infection on the activity and isoformic composition of aldehyde oxidase and catalase in nicotiana benthamiana plants was investigated. it was shown that the infection of plants with tbsv results in enhancement of leaf aldehyde oxidase (ao) isoforms ao2 and ao3. significantly enhanced levels of superoxide radical producing activity of ao isoforms were also detected. this is the first demonstration of involvement of plant ao in defense mechanisms ag ...201627632242
evaluation and identification of candidate genes for artificial microrna-mediated resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus.tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is an economically important viral pathogen of a wide range of field and horticultural crops. we developed an artificial microrna (amirna) strategy against tswv, targeting the nucleoprotein (n) and silencing suppressor (nss) genes. the amirna constructs replaced the natural mirna in a shortened arabidopsis 173-nucleotide (nt) mir159a precursor backbone (athmir159a) without the stem base extending beyond the mir/mir* duplex. further, each amirna was modified to co ...201626454192
comparison of small rna profiles in nicotiana benthamiana and solanum lycopersicum infected by polygonum ringspot tospovirus reveals host-specific responses to viral infection.viral small rnas (vsrnas) are one of the key elements involved in rna silencing-based defense against viruses in plants. we analyzed the vsrna profiles in nicotiana benthamiana and solanum lycopersicum infected by polygonum ringspot virus (polrsv) (tospovirus, bunyaviridae). vsrnas were abundant in both hosts, but a different size profile was observed, with an abundance peak at 21 in n. benthamiana and at 22 nt in tomato. vsrnas mapping to the polrsv l genomic segment were under-represented in b ...201626432447
a single amino acid substitution in movement protein of tomato torrado virus influences totv infectivity in solanum lycopersicum.tomato torrado virus (totv), which is a tomato-infecting member of the genus torradovirus, induces severe systemic necrosis in solanum lycopersicum cv. beta lux as well as leaf malformation and chlorosis in nicotiana benthamiana. to date, neither the tomato gene conferring resistance to the pathogen nor the totv-encoded necrosis determinant have been characterized. we herein revealed that the phenylalanine 210 residue in the movement protein domain encoded by totv rna2 is a necrosis-inducing pat ...201626562559
reduced susceptibility to xanthomonas citri in transgenic citrus expressing the fls2 receptor from nicotiana benthamiana.overexpression of plant pattern-recognition receptors by genetic engineering provides a novel approach to enhance plant immunity and broad-spectrum disease resistance. citrus canker disease associated with xanthomonas citri is one of the most important diseases damaging citrus production worldwide. in this study, we cloned the fls2 gene from nicotiana benthamiana cdna and inserted it into the binary vector pbinplus/ars to transform hamlin sweet orange and carrizo citrange. transgene presence was ...201626554734
tobacco rattle virus 16k silencing suppressor binds argonaute 4 and inhibits formation of rna silencing complexes.the cysteine-rich 16k protein of tobacco rattle virus (trv), the type member of the genus tobravirus, is known to suppress rna silencing. however, the mechanism of action of the 16k suppressor is not well understood. in this study, we used a gfp-based sensor strategy and an agrobacterium-mediated transient assay in nicotiana benthamiana to show that 16k was unable to inhibit the activity of existing small interfering rna (sirna)- and microrna (mirna)-programmed rna-induced silencing effector com ...201626498945
host-specific accumulation and temperature effects on the generation of dimeric viral rna species derived from the s-rna of members of the tospovirus genus.polygonum ringspot virus (polrsv) is a recently characterized tospovirus reported in italy. northern blot analyses of polrsv infections in nicotiana benthamiana and tomato plants showed that a viral rna species with nearly twice the length of the small genomic rna (s-rna) accumulated abundantly in the former host, but was not detected in the latter. additional assays confirmed that biogenesis of this novel rna species was common to all polrsv isolates tested and also to an isolate of tomato spot ...201627600541
transcriptomic changes in nicotiana benthamiana plants inoculated with the wild-type or an attenuated mutant of tobacco vein banding mosaic virus.tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (tvbmv) is a potyvirus which mainly infects solanaceous crops. the helper component proteinase (hcpro) of a potyvirus is an rna silencing suppressor protein and determines the severity of disease symptoms caused by different potyviruses, including tvbmv. it has been shown that substitution mutations introduced into the hcpro open reading frame (orf) in a tvbmv infectious clone result in changes of asp189 to lys or ile250 -gln251 to asp-glu (asp, aspartic acid; g ...201627539720
the p22 rna silencing suppressor of the crinivirus tomato chlorosis virus is dispensable for local viral replication but important for counteracting an antiviral rdr6-mediated response during systemic infection.among the components of the rna silencing pathway in plants, rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrs) play fundamental roles in antiviral defence. here, we demonstrate that the nicotiana benthamiana rdr6 is involved in defence against the bipartite crinivirus (genus crinivirus, family closteroviridae) tomato chlorosis virus (tocv). additionally, by producing a p22-deficient tocv infectious mutant clone (tocvδp22), we studied the role of this viral suppressor of rna silencing in viral infection in bo ...201627367718
identification and regulation of host genes related to rice stripe virus symptom production.viral infections cause plant chlorosis, stunting, necrosis or other symptoms. the down-regulation of chloroplast-related genes (chrgs) is assumed to be responsible for chlorosis. we identified the differentially expressed genes (degs) in rice stripe virus (rsv)-infected nicotiana benthamiana, and examined the contribution of 75 down-regulated degs to rsv symptoms by silencing them one by one using tobacco rattle virus (trv)-induced gene silencing. silencing of 11 of the 75 down-regulated degs ca ...201626487490
the ralstonia solanacearum type iii effector ripay targets plant redox regulators to suppress immune responses.the subversion of plant cellular functions is essential for bacterial pathogens to proliferate in host plants and cause disease. most bacterial plant pathogens employ a type iii secretion system to inject type iii effector (t3e) proteins inside plant cells, where they contribute to the pathogen-induced alteration of plant physiology. in this work, we found that the ralstonia solanacearum t3e ripay suppresses plant immune responses triggered by bacterial elicitors and by the phytohormone salicyli ...201627768829
efficient in vitro and in vivo activity of glyco-engineered plant-produced rabies monoclonal antibodies e559 and 62-71-3.rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease that has no effective treatment after onset of illness. however the disease can be prevented effectively by prompt administration of post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (rabies immune globulin, rig). currently, human rig suffers from many restrictions including limited availability, batch-to batch inconsistencies and potential for contamination with blood-borne pathogens. anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies ...201627427976
identification and characterization of privet leaf blotch-associated virus, a novel idaeovirus.a novel virus has been identified by next-generation sequencing (ngs) in privet (ligustrum japonicum l.) affected by a graft-transmissible disease characterized by leaf blotch symptoms resembling infectious variegation, a virus-like privet disease with an unclear aetiology. this virus, which has been tentatively named 'privet leaf blotch-associated virus' (prlbav), was absent in non-symptomatic privet plants, as revealed by ngs and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). molecu ...201627349357
root-mediated signal transmission of systemic acquired resistance against above-ground and below-ground pathogens.plants modulate defence signalling networks in response to various biotic stresses via inter-organ communications. the root-mediated transmission of systemic acquired resistance (sar) against soil-borne and air-borne plant pathogens from sar-induced plants to neighbouring plants subjected to local chemical and pathogen treatments was evaluated.201627555496
two subclasses of differentially expressed tps1 genes and biochemically active tps1 proteins may contribute to sugar signalling in kiwifruit actinidia chinensis.trehalose metabolism and its intermediate trehalose-6-phosphate (t6p) are implicated in sensing and signalling sucrose availability. four class i trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (tps1) genes were identified in kiwifruit, three of which have both the tps and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (tpp) domain, while the fourth gene gives rise to a truncated transcript. the transcript with highest sequence homology to arabidopsis tps1, designated tps1.1a was the most highly abundant tps1 transcript in a ...201627992562
a r2r3-myb transcription factor regulates the flavonol biosynthetic pathway in a traditional chinese medicinal plant, epimedium sagittatum.flavonols as plant secondary metabolites with vital roles in plant development and defense against uv light, have been demonstrated to be the main bioactive components (bcs) in the genus epimedium plants, several species of which are used as materials for herba epimedii, an important traditional chinese medicine. the flavonol biosynthetic pathway genes had been already isolated from epimedium sagittatum, but a r2r3-myb transcription factor regulating the flavonol synthesis has not been functiona ...201627493658
soybean golgi snare 12 protein interacts with soybean mosaic virus encoded p3n-pipo protein.soybean mosaic virus (smv), a member of the potyvirus genus, is one of the most prevalent and devastating viral pathogens in soybean-growing regions worldwide. it is generally accepted that symptom development of a viral plant disease results from molecular interactions between the virus and its host plant. p3n-pipo, as a trans-frame protein consisting of the amino-terminal half of p3 fused to pipo of the potyvirus, plays a key role of viral cell-to-cell movement. this study provides evidence th ...201627553272
analysis of magnaporthe oryzae genome reveals a fungal effector, which is able to induce resistance response in transgenic rice line containing resistance gene, pi54.rice blast caused by magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most important diseases of rice. pi54, a rice gene that imparts resistance to m. oryzae isolates prevalent in india, was already cloned but its avirulent counterpart in the pathogen was not known. after decoding the whole genome of an avirulent isolate of m. oryzae, we predicted 11440 protein coding genes and then identified four candidate effector proteins which are exclusively expressed in the infectious structure, appresoria. in silico pro ...201627551285
the grapevine uncharacterized intrinsic protein 1 (vvxip1) is regulated by drought stress and transports glycerol, hydrogen peroxide, heavy metals but not water.a mip (major intrinsic protein) subfamily called uncharacterized intrinsic proteins (xip) was recently described in several fungi and eudicot plants. in this work, we cloned a xip from grapevine, vvxip1, and agrobacterium-mediated transformation studies in nicotiana benthamiana revealed that the encoded aquaporin shows a preferential localization at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. stopped-flow spectrometry in vesicles from the aqy-null yeast strain ysh1172 overexpressing vvxip1 showed that v ...201627504956
potato nph3/rpt2-like protein stnrl1, targeted by a phytophthora infestans rxlr effector, is a susceptibility factor.plant pathogens deliver effectors to manipulate host processes. we know little about how fungal and oomycete effectors target host proteins to promote susceptibility, yet such knowledge is vital to understand crop disease. we show that either transient expression in nicotiana benthamiana, or stable transgenic expression in potato (solanum tuberosum), of the phytophthora infestans rxlr effector pi02860 enhances leaf colonization by the pathogen. expression of pi02860 also attenuates cell death tr ...201626966171
mir169 and its target paghap2-6 regulated by aba are involved in poplar cambium dormancy.dormancy is an effective strategy for perennial plants in temperate zones to survive the winter stress. micrornas (mirnas) have been well known as important regulators for various biological processes. in this study, we checked the expression of mir169 members in the cambium zone during dormancy and active growth in poplar and found that they had distinct expression patterns. we identified and characterized a dormancy-specific target gene of mir169, paghap2-6. 5' race assays confirmed the direct ...201627111502
tobacco ring e3 ligase ntrfp1 mediates ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of a geminivirus-encoded βc1.the βc1 protein encoded by the tomato yellow leaf curl china virus-associated betasatellite functions as a pathogenicity determinant. to better understand the molecular basis whereby βc1 functions in pathogenicity, a yeast two-hybrid screen of a tobacco cdna library was carried out using βc1 as the bait. the screen revealed that βc1 interacts with a tobacco ring-finger protein designated ntrfp1, which was further confirmed by the bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitatio ...201627018391
the aquaporin splice variant nbxip1;1α is permeable to boric acid and is phosphorylated in the n-terminal domain.aquaporins (aqps) are membrane channel proteins that transport water and uncharged solutes across different membranes in organisms in all kingdoms of life. in plants, the aqps can be divided into seven different subfamilies and five of these are present in higher plants. the most recently characterized of these subfamilies is the xip subfamily, which is found in most dicots but not in monocots. in this article, we present data on two different splice variants (α and β) of nbxip1;1 from nicotiana ...201627379142
14-3-3 protein mediates plant seed oil biosynthesis through interaction with atwri1.plant 14-3-3 proteins are phosphopeptide-binding proteins, belonging to a large family of proteins involved in numerous physiological processes including primary metabolism, although knowledge about the function of 14-3-3s in plant lipid metabolism is sparse. wrinkled1 (wri1) is a key transcription factor that governs plant oil biosynthesis. at present, atwri1-interacting partners remain largely unknown. here, we show that 14-3-3 proteins are able to interact with atwri1, both in yeast and plant ...201627322486
comparative analyses of ubiquitin-like atg8 and cysteine protease atg4 autophagy genes in the plant lineage and cross-kingdom processing of atg8 by atg4.autophagy is important for degradation and recycling of intracellular components. in a diversity of genera and species, orthologs and paralogs of the yeast atg4 and atg8 proteins are crucial in the biogenesis of double-membrane autophagosomes that carry the cellular cargoes to vacuoles and lysosomes. although many plant genome sequences are available, the atg4 and atg8 sequence analysis is limited to some model plants. we identified 28 atg4 and 116 atg8 genes from the available 18 different plan ...201627540766
aldo-keto reductase enzymes detoxify glyphosate and improve herbicide resistance in plants.in recent years, concerns about the use of glyphosate-resistant (gr) crops have increased because of glyphosate residual levels in plants and development of herbicide-resistant weeds. in spite of identifying glyphosate detoxifying genes from microorganisms, the plant mechanism to detoxify glyphosate has not been studied. we characterized an aldo-keto reductase gene from pseudomonas (psakr1) and rice (osakr1) and showed, by docking studies, both psakr1 and osakr1 can efficiently bind to glyphosat ...201627611904
an extracellular zn-only superoxide dismutase from puccinia striiformis confers enhanced resistance to host-derived oxidative stress.accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) following plant-pathogen interactions can trigger plant defence responses and directly damage pathogens. thus, it is essential for pathogens to scavenge host-derived ros to establish a parasitic relationship. however, the mechanisms protecting pathogens from host-derived oxidative stress remain unclear. in this study, a superoxide dismutase (sod) gene, pssod1, was cloned from a wheat-puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst) interaction cdna library. ...201627399209
identification and characterization of plant cell death-inducing secreted proteins from ustilaginoidea virens.ustilaginoidea virens (cooke) takah (telemorph villosiclava virens) is an ascomycetous fungus that causes rice false smut, one of the most important rice diseases. fungal effectors often play essential roles in host-pathogen coevolutionary interactions. however, little is known about the functions of u. virens effectors. here, we performed functional studies on putative effectors in u. virens and demonstrated that 13 of 119 putative effectors caused necrosis or necrosis-like phenotypes in nicoti ...201626927000
a novel rice protein family of oshigds may be involved in early signalling of hypoxia-promoted stem growth in deepwater rice.oshigds was identified as a novel hypoxia-responsive protein family. among them, oshigd2 is characterized as a mitochondrial protein and is related to hypoxia signalling through interacting with mitochondrial proteins of critical functions in reducing cell damages caused by hypoxia. recent evidence supports ethylene as a key factor in modulating plant responses to submergence stress. meanwhile, there has been general consent that ethylene is not the only signal for the submergence-induced stem g ...201627306456
overexpression of a stress-responsive nac transcription factor gene onac022 improves drought and salt tolerance in rice.the nac transcription factors play critical roles in regulating stress responses in plants. however, the functions for many of the nac family members in rice are yet to be identified. in the present study, a novel stress-responsive rice nac gene, onac022, was identified. expression of onac022 was induced by drought, high salinity, and abscisic acid (aba). the onac022 protein was found to bind specifically to a canonical nac recognition cis-element sequence and showed transactivation activity at ...201626834774
identification, cloning and characterization of r2r3-myb gene family in canola (brassica napus l.) identify a novel member modulating ros accumulation and hypersensitive-like cell death.the r2r3-myb proteins comprise one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants. although genome-wide analysis of this family has been carried out in some plant species, little is known about r2r3-myb genes in canola (brassica napus l.). in this study, we have identified 76 r2r3-myb genes in the canola genome through mining of expressed sequence tags (ests). the cdna sequences of 44 myb genes were successfully cloned. the transcriptional activities of bnamyb proteins encoded by the ...201626800702
a member of the phosphate transporter 1 (pht1) family from the arsenic-hyperaccumulating fern pteris vittata is a high-affinity arsenate transporter.pteris vittata exhibits enhanced arsenic uptake, but the corresponding mechanisms are not well known. the prevalent form of arsenic in most soils is arsenate, which is a phosphate analog and a substrate for phosphate transporter 1 (pht1) transporters. herein we identify and characterize three p. vittata pht1 transporters. pteris vittata pht1 cdnas were isolated and characterized via heterologous expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and nicotiana benthamiana leaves. expression of the pv ...201626010225
elucidation of the first committed step in betalain biosynthesis enables the heterologous engineering of betalain pigments in plants.betalains are tyrosine-derived red-violet and yellow pigments, found in plants only of the caryophyllales order. although much progress has been made in recent years in the understanding of the betalain biosynthetic process, many questions remain open with regards to several of the proposed steps in the pathway. most conspicuous by its absence is the characterization of the first committed step in the pathway, namely the 3-hydroxylation of tyrosine to form l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-dopa). ...201626683006
soil-borne wheat mosaic virus infectious clone and manipulation for gene-carrying capacity.a full-length infectious cdna clone of soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (sbwmv; genus furovirus; family virgaviridae) was developed for agrobacterium delivery. the cloned virus can be agroinfiltrated to nicotiana benthamiana for subsequent infection of wheat (triticum aestivum, l.). the utility of the virus as a vector for gene silencing and expression was assessed through sequence insertions in multiple sites of rna2. virus-induced photobleaching was observed in n. benthamiana but not in wheat, de ...201627236459
production of recombinant cholera toxin b subunit in nicotiana benthamiana using geneware® tobacco mosaic virus vector.here, we describe a method to produce a recombinant cholera toxin b subunit in nicotiana benthamiana plants (ctbp) using the geneware(®) tobacco mosaic virus vector system. infectious transcripts of the vector rna are generated in vitro and inoculated on n. benthamiana seedlings. after 11 days, ctbp is extracted in a simple tris buffer at room temperature. no protease inhibitor is required. the leaf homogenate is treated with mild heat and a ph shift to selectively precipitate host-derived prote ...201626614286
transient expression of tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase in nicotiana benthamiana.to optimize the expression, extraction and purification of plant-derived tetrameric recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (prbche), we describe the development and use of plant viral amplicon-based gene expression system; tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) rna-based overexpression vector (trbo) to express enzymatically active flag-tagged plant made recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (rbche) in nicotiana benthamiana leaves using transient agroinfiltration. two gene expression cassettes were designed to ...201627379103
production of bioactive wheat puroindoline proteins in nicotiana benthamiana using a virus-based transient expression system.the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic strains of bacteria has necessitated the development of novel antimicrobial agents. the puroindoline a and b (pina and pinb) proteins of wheat, well-known for their roles in determining the important phenotype of grain texture, are also antimicrobial, making them attractive as natural bio-control agents. however, the biochemical basis of pin functionality remains unclear due to limitations in expressing them at the required yield and purity and la ...201626363114
endoplasmic reticulum stress responses function in the hrt-mediated hypersensitive response in nicotiana benthamiana.hrt is a plant coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (cc-nb-lrr) disease resistance protein that triggers the hypersensitive response (hr) on recognition of turnip crinkle virus (tcv) coat protein (cp). the molecular mechanism and significance of hr-mediated cell death for tcv resistance have not been fully elucidated. to identify the genes involved in hrt/tcv cp-mediated hr in nicotiana benthamiana, we performed virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) of 459 expressed sequence tag ...201626780303
the p1n-pispo trans-frame gene of sweet potato feathery mottle potyvirus is produced during virus infection and functions as an rna silencing suppressor.the positive-sense rna genome of sweet potato feathery mottle virus (spfmv) (genus potyvirus, family potyviridae) contains a large open reading frame (orf) of 3,494 codons translatable as a polyprotein and two embedded shorter orfs in the -1 frame: pispo, of 230 codons, and pipo, of 66 codons, located in the p1 and p3 regions, respectively. pispo is specific to some sweet potato-infecting potyviruses, while pipo is present in all potyvirids. in spfmv these two extra orfs are preceded by conserve ...201626792740
identification of amino acid residues of the coat protein of sri lankan cassava mosaic virus affecting symptom production and viral titer in nicotiana benthamiana.sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) is bipartite begomovirus infecting cassava in india and sri lanka. interestingly, the dna-a component of the slcmv alone is able to infect nicotiana benthamiana causing symptoms of upward leaf rolling and stunting. one of the differences between monopartite and bipartite begomoviruses is the requirement of coat protein (cp) for infectivity; cp being essential for the former, but dispensable in the latter. this investigation was aimed to determine the impor ...201626948262
two ugt84 family glycosyltransferases catalyze a critical reaction of hydrolyzable tannin biosynthesis in pomegranate (punica granatum).hydrolyzable tannins (hts) play important roles in plant herbivore deterrence and promotion of human health. a critical step in ht production is the formation of 1-o-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (β-glucogallin, ester-linked gallic acid and glucose) by a udp-glucosyltransferase (ugt) activity. we cloned and biochemically characterized four candidate ugts from pomegranate (punica granatum), of which only ugt84a23 and ugt84a24 exhibited β-glucogallin forming activities in enzyme assays. although ove ...201627227328
the poplar rust-induced secreted protein (risp) inhibits the growth of the leaf rust pathogen melampsora larici-populina and triggers cell culture alkalinisation.plant cells secrete a wide range of proteins in extracellular spaces in response to pathogen attack. the poplar rust-induced secreted protein (risp) is a small cationic protein of unknown function that was identified as the most induced gene in poplar leaves during immune responses to the leaf rust pathogen melampsora larici-populina, an obligate biotrophic parasite. here, we combined in planta and in vitro molecular biology approaches to tackle the function of risp. using a risp-mcherry fusion ...201626925067
regulation of the cobalt/nickel efflux operon dmerf in agrobacterium tumefaciens and a link between the iron-sensing regulator rira and cobalt/nickel resistance.the agrobacterium tumefaciens c58 genome harbors an operon containing the dmer (atu0890) and dmef (atu0891) genes, which encode a transcriptional regulatory protein belonging to the rcnr/csor family and a metal efflux protein belonging to the cation diffusion facilitator (cdf) family, respectively. the dmerf operon is specifically induced by cobalt and nickel, with cobalt being the more potent inducer. promoter-lacz transcriptional fusion, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and dnase i foo ...201627235438
golgi transport 1b regulates protein export from the endoplasmic reticulum in rice endosperm cells.coat protein complex ii (copii) mediates the first step of anterograde transport of newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) to other endomembrane compartments in eukaryotes. a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins (sar1, sec23, sec24, sec13, and sec31) constitutes the basic copii coat machinery; however, the details of how the copii coat assembly is regulated remain unclear. here, we report a protein transport mutant of rice (oryza sativa), named glutelin precursor ac ...201627803308
the tomato spotted wilt virus genome is processed differentially in its plant host arachis hypogaea and its thrips vector frankliniella fusca.thrips-transmitted tospoviruses are economically important viruses affecting a wide range of field and horticultural crops worldwide. tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is the type member of the tospovirus genus with a broad host range of more than 900 plant species. interactions between these viruses and their plant hosts and insect vectors via rnai pathways are likely a key determinant of pathogenicity. the current investigation, for the first time, compares biogenesis of small rnas between the ...201627656190
transmission blocking potency and immunogenicity of a plant-produced pvs25-based subunit vaccine against plasmodium vivax.malaria transmission blocking (tb) vaccines (tbvs) directed against proteins expressed on the sexual stages of plasmodium parasites are a potentially effective means to reduce transmission. antibodies induced by tbvs block parasite development in the mosquito, and thus inhibit transmission to further human hosts. the ookinete surface protein p25 is a primary target for tbv development. recently, transient expression in plants using hybrid viral vectors has demonstrated potential as a strategy fo ...201627177945
techno-economic analysis of a transient plant-based platform for monoclonal antibody production.plant-based biomanufacturing of therapeutic proteins is a relatively new platform with a small number of commercial-scale facilities, but offers advantages of linear scalability, reduced upstream complexity, reduced time to market, and potentially lower capital and operating costs. in this study we present a detailed process simulation model for a large-scale new "greenfield" biomanufacturing facility that uses transient agroinfiltration of nicotiana benthamiana plants grown hydroponically indoo ...201627559626
an accessory protease inhibitor to increase the yield and quality of a tumour-targeting mab in nicotiana benthamiana leaves.the overall quality of recombinant igg antibodies in plants is dramatically compromised by host endogenous proteases. different approaches have been developed to reduce the impact of endogenous proteolysis on iggs, notably involving site-directed mutagenesis to eliminate protease-susceptible sites or the in situ mitigation of host protease activities to minimize antibody processing in the cell secretory pathway. we here characterized the degradation profile of h10, a human tumour-targeting monoc ...201627893815
role of viral rna and co-opted cellular escrt-i and escrt-iii factors in formation of tombusvirus spherules harboring the tombusvirus replicase.plus-stranded rna viruses induce membrane deformations in infected cells in order to build viral replication complexes (vrcs). tomato bushy stunt virus (tbsv) co-opts cellular escrt (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) proteins to induce the formation of vesicle (spherule)-like structures in the peroxisomal membrane with tight openings toward the cytosol. in this study, using a yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) vps23δ bro1δ double-deletion mutant, we showed that the vps23p escrt-i ...201626792735
in-plant protection against helicoverpa armigera by production of long hprna in chloroplasts.expressing double-stranded rna (dsrna) in transgenic plants to silence essential genes within herbivorous pests is referred to as trans-kingdom rna interference (tk-rnai) and has emerged as a promising strategy for crop protection. however, the dicing of dsrna into sirnas by the plant's intrinsic rnai machinery may reduce this pesticidal activity. therefore, genetic constructs, encoding ∼200 nt duplex-stemmed-hairpin (hp) rnas, targeting the acetylcholinesterase gene of the cotton bollworm, heli ...201627746796
promotion of bamboo mosaic virus accumulation in nicotiana benthamiana by 5'→3' exonuclease nbxrn4.bamboo mosaic virus (bamv) has a 6.4-kb (+) sense rna genome with a 5' cap and a 3' poly(a) tail. orf1 of this potexvirus encodes a 155-kda replication protein responsible for the viral rna replication/transcription and 5' cap formation. to learn more about the replication complex of bamv, a protein preparation enriched in the 155-kda replication protein was obtained from nicotiana benthamiana by a protocol involving agroinfiltration and immunoprecipitation. subsequent analysis by sds-page and m ...201626779163
production of a tumour-targeting antibody with a human-compatible glycosylation profile in n. benthamiana hairy root cultures.hairy root (hr) cultures derived from agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation of plant tissues are an advantageous biotechnological manufacturing platform due to the accumulation of recombinant proteins in an otherwise largely protein free culture medium. in this context, hrs descending from transgenic nicotiana tabacum plants were successfully used for the production of several functional mabs with plant-type glycans. here, we expressed the tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody mab h10 in hrs obt ...201627313150
differential methylation of the circular dna in geminiviral minichromosomes.geminiviral minichromosomes were purified to explore epigenetic modifications. the levels of methylation in their covalently closed circular dna were examined with the help of methylation-dependent restriction (mdr). dna with 12 superhelical turns was preferentially modified, indicating minichromosomes with 12 nucleosomes leaving an open gap. mdr digestion yielded a specific product of genomic length, which was cloned and sanger-sequenced, or amplified following ligation-mediated rolling circle ...201627716464
translation, modification and cellular distribution of two ac4 variants of african cassava mosaic virus in yeast and their pathogenic potential in plants.plant infecting geminiviruses encode a small (a)c4 protein within the open reading frame of the replication-initiator protein. in african cassava mosaic virus, two in-frame start codons may be used for the translation of a longer and a shorter ac4 variant. both were fused to green fluorescent protein or glutathione-s-transferase genes and expressed in fission yeast. the longer variant accumulated in discrete spots in the cytoplasm, whereas the shorter variant localized to the plasma membrane. a ...201627584591
deciphering the biology of deltasatellites from the new world: maintenance by new world begomoviruses and whitefly transmission.deltasatellites are small noncoding dna satellites associated with begomoviruses. the study presented here has investigated the biology of two deltasatellites found in wild malvaceous plants in the new world (nw). infectious clones of two nw deltasatellites (from malvastrum coromandelianum and sidastrum micranthum) and associated begomoviruses were constructed. infectivity in nicotiana benthamiana and their natural malvaceous hosts was assessed. the nw deltasatellites were not able to spread aut ...201627400152
non-host resistance induced by the xanthomonas effector xopq is widespread within the genus nicotiana and functionally depends on eds1.most gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria translocate effector proteins (t3es) directly into plant cells via a conserved type iii secretion system, which is essential for pathogenicity in susceptible plants. in resistant plants, recognition of some t3es is mediated by corresponding resistance (r) genes or r proteins and induces effector triggered immunity (eti) that often results in programmed cell death reactions. the identification of r genes and understanding their evolution/distribution b ...201627965697
infiltration-rnaseq: transcriptome profiling of agrobacterium-mediated infiltration of transcription factors to discover gene function and expression networks in plants.transcription factors (tfs) coordinate precise gene expression patterns that give rise to distinct phenotypic outputs. the identification of genes and transcriptional networks regulated by a tf often requires stable transformation and expression changes in plant cells. however, the production of stable transformants can be slow and laborious with no guarantee of success. furthermore, transgenic plants overexpressing a tf of interest can present pleiotropic phenotypes and/or result in a high numb ...201627777610
recombination-based generation of the agroinfectious clones of peanut stunt virus.full-length cdna clones of peanut stunt virus strain p (psv-p) were constructed and introduced into nicotiana benthamiana plants via agrobacterium tumefaciens. the cdna fragments corresponding to three psv genomic rnas and satellite rna were cloned into pgreen binary vector between cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and nopaline synthase (nos) terminator employing seamless recombinational cloning system. the plasmids were delivered into a. tumefaciens, followed by infiltration of hosts ...201627659243
the n-terminal fragment of the tomato torrado virus rna1-encoded polyprotein induces a hypersensitive response (hr)-like reaction in nicotiana benthamiana.the hypersensitive response (hr) is a defence reaction observed during incompatible plant-pathogen interactions in plants infected with a wide range of fungi, bacteria and viruses. here, we show that an n-terminal polyprotein fragment encoded by tomato torrado virus rna1, located between the first atg codon and the protease cofactor (proco) motif, induces an hr-like reaction in nicotiana benthamiana. agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression of the first 105 amino acids (the calcul ...201627072852
characterization and functional analysis of calmodulin and calmodulin-like genes in fragaria vesca.calcium is a universal messenger that is involved in the modulation of diverse developmental and adaptive processes in response to various stimuli. calmodulin (cam) and calmodulin-like (cml) proteins are major calcium sensors in all eukaryotes, and they have been extensively investigated for many years in plants and animals. however, little is known about cams and cmls in woodland strawberry (fragaria vesca). in this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the strawberry genome and identif ...201627990153
sacb-sacr gene cassette as the negative selection marker to suppress agrobacterium overgrowth in agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation.agrobacterium overgrowth is a common problem in agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. to suppress the agrobacterium overgrowth, various antibiotics have been used during plant tissue culture steps. the antibiotics are expensive and may adversely affect plant cell differentiation and reduce plant transformation efficiency. the sacb-sacr proteins are toxic to most agrobacterium tumefaciens strains when they are grown on culture medium supplemented with sucrose. therefore, sacb-sacr genes ca ...201627833912
transient expression of p-type atpases in tobacco epidermal cells.transient expression in tobacco cells is a convenient method for several purposes such as analysis of protein-protein interactions and the subcellular localization of plant proteins. a suspension of agrobacterium tumefaciens cells carrying the plasmid of interest is injected into the intracellular space between leaf epidermal cells, which results in dna transfer from the bacteria to the plant and expression of the corresponding proteins. by injecting mixes of agrobacterium strains, this system o ...201626695049
removal of bacterial suspension water occupying the intercellular space of detached leaves after agroinfiltration improves the yield of recombinant hemagglutinin in a nicotiana benthamiana transient gene expression system.the use of detached leaves instead of whole plants provides an alternative means for recombinant protein production based on agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient gene overexpression. however, the process for high-level protein production in detached leaves has not yet been established. in this study, we focused on leaf handling and maintenance conditions immediately after infiltration with agrobacterium suspension (agroinfiltration) to improve recombinant protein expression in detached n ...201626461274
transient expression in nicotiana benthamiana for rapid functional analysis of genes involved in non-photochemical quenching and carotenoid biosynthesis.plants must switch rapidly between light harvesting and photoprotection in response to environmental fluctuations in light intensity. this switch can lead to losses in absorbed energy usage, as photoprotective energy dissipation mechanisms can take minutes to hours to fully relax. one possible way to improve photosynthesis is to engineer these energy dissipation mechanisms (measured as non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence, npq) to induce and relax more quickly, resulting in ...201627407008
salivary proteins of spider mites suppress defenses in nicotiana benthamiana and promote mite reproduction.spider mites (tetranychidae sp.) are widely occurring arthropod pests on cultivated plants. feeding by the two-spotted spider mite t. urticae, a generalist herbivore, induces a defense response in plants that mainly depends on the phytohormones jasmonic acid and salicylic acid (sa). on tomato (solanum lycopersicum), however, certain genotypes of t. urticae and the specialist species t. evansi were found to suppress these defenses. this phenomenon occurs downstream of phytohormone accumulation vi ...201626946468
in vivo rna visualization in plants using ms2 tagging.intracellular trafficking and asymmetric localization of rna molecules within cells are a prevalent process across phyla involved in developmental control and signaling and thus in the determination of cell fate. in addition to intracellular localization, plants support the trafficking of rna molecules also between cells through plasmodesmata (pd), which has important roles in the cell-to-cell and systemic communication during plant growth and development. viruses have developed strategies to ex ...201627241752
transient expression of viral proteins in plants using agrobacterium tumefaciens.transient expression of viral proteins in plants is a novel alternative to other expression platforms. the viral proteins can be used as potential vaccines or in diagnostics. nicotiana benthamiana leaves or whole plants are infiltrated with recombinant agrobacterium that harbor the gene of interest. protein expression in the plants is rapid and results are obtained within 2-7 days. here we describe how to make electrocompetent agrobacterium, how to transform agrobacterium, how to infiltrate leav ...201627076324
autophagy under attack.pathogens target proteins involved in autophagy to inhibit immune responses in plants.201626906167
cloning and expression analysis of cinnamoyl-coa reductase (ccr) genes in sorghum.cinnamoyl-coa reductase (ccr) is the first enzyme in the monolignol-specific branch of the lignin biosynthetic pathway. in this research, three sorghum ccr genes including sbccr1, sbccr2-1 and sbccr2-2 were cloned and characterized. analyses of the structure and phylogeny of the three ccr genes showed evolutionary conservation of the functional domains and divergence of function. transient expression assays in nicotiana benthamiana leaves demonstrated that the three ccr proteins were localized i ...201627231650
avrrxo1 is a bifunctional type iii secreted effector and toxin-antitoxin system component with homologs in diverse environmental contexts.toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems are ubiquitous bacterial systems that may function in genome maintenance and metabolic stress management, but are also thought to play a role in virulence by helping pathogens survive stress. we previously demonstrated that the xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola protein avrrxo1 is a type iii-secreted virulence factor that has structural similarities to the zeta family of ta toxins, and is toxic to plants and bacteria in the absence of its predicted chaperone arc1. in t ...201627391081
cucumber necrosis virus recruits cellular heat shock protein 70 homologs at several stages of infection.rna viruses often depend on host factors for multiplication inside cells due to the constraints of their small genome size and limited coding capacity. one such factor that has been exploited by several plant and animal viruses is heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) family homologs which have been shown to play roles for different viruses in viral rna replication, viral assembly, disassembly, and cell-to-cell movement. using next generation sequence analysis, we reveal that several isoforms of hsp70 a ...201626719261
detecting n-myristoylation and s-acylation of host and pathogen proteins in plants using click chemistry.the plant plasma membrane is a key battleground in the war between plants and their pathogens. plants detect the presence of pathogens at the plasma membrane using sensor proteins, many of which are targeted to this lipophilic locale by way of fatty acid modifications. pathogens secrete effector proteins into the plant cell to suppress the plant's defense mechanisms. these effectors are able to access and interfere with the surveillance machinery at the plant plasma membrane by hijacking the hos ...201627493678
alternative splicing of rice wrky62 and wrky76 transcription factor genes in pathogen defense.the wrky family of transcription factors (tfs) functions as transcriptional activators or repressors in various signaling pathways. in this study, we discovered that oswrky62 and oswrky76, two genes of the wrky iia subfamily, undergo constitutive and inducible alternative splicing. the full-length oswrky62.1 and oswrky76.1 proteins formed homocomplexes and heterocomplexes, and the heterocomplex dominates in the nuclei when analyzed in nicotiana benthamiana leaves. transgenic overexpression of os ...201627208272
environmental and genetic factors associated with solanesol accumulation in potato leaves.solanesol is a high value 45-carbon, unsaturated, all-trans-nonaprenol isoprenoid. recently solanesol has received particular attention because of its utility, both in its own right and as a precursor in the production of numerous compounds used in the treatment of disease states. solanesol is found mainly in solanaceous crops such as potato, tomato, tobacco and pepper where it accumulates in the foliage. there is considerable potential to explore the extraction of solanesol from these sources a ...201627610114
overexpression of nictaba-like lectin genes from glycine max confers tolerance toward pseudomonas syringae infection, aphid infestation and salt stress in transgenic arabidopsis plants.plants have evolved a sophisticated immune system that allows them to recognize invading pathogens by specialized receptors. carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins are part of this immune system and especially the lectins that reside in the nucleocytoplasmic compartment are known to be implicated in biotic and abiotic stress responses. the class of nictaba-like lectins (nll) groups all proteins with homology to the tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) lectin, known as a stress-inducible lectin. here we ...201627826309
a cysteine-rich protein kinase associates with a membrane immune complex and is required for cell death.membrane localized proteins perceive and respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. we performed quantitative proteomics on plasma membrane-enriched samples from arabidopsis treated with bacterial flagellin. we identified multiple receptor-like protein kinases (rlks) changing in abundance, including cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (crks) that are upregulated upon perception of flagellin. crks possess extracellular cysteine-rich domains and comprise a gene family consisting of 46 members in arab ...201627852951
apoplastic recognition of multiple candidate effectors from the wheat pathogen zymoseptoria tritici in the nonhost plant nicotiana benthamiana.the fungus zymoseptoria tritici is a strictly apoplastic, host-specific pathogen of wheat leaves and causal agent of septoria tritici blotch (stb) disease. all other plants are considered nonhosts, but the mechanism of nonhost resistance (nhr) to z. tritici has not been addressed previously. we sought to develop nicotiana benthamiana as a system to study nhr against z. tritici. fluorescence microscopy and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions were used to establish the in ...201627696417
a rice gene homologous to arabidopsis agd2-like defense1 participates in disease resistance response against infection with magnaporthe oryzae.ald1 (aberrant growth and death2 [agd2]-like defense1) is one of the key defense regulators in arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana benthamiana. in these model plants, ald1 is responsible for triggering basal defense response and systemic resistance against bacterial infection. as well ald1 is involved in the production of pipecolic acid and an unidentified compound(s) for systemic resistance and priming syndrome, respectively. these previous studies proposed that ald1 is a potential candidate for ...201627493611
role of brassinosteroid signaling in modulating tobacco mosaic virus resistance in nicotiana benthamiana.plant steroid hormones, brassinosteroids (brs), play essential roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. however, mechanisms by which brs interfere with plant resistance to virus remain largely unclear. in this study, we used pharmacological and genetic approaches in combination with infection experiments to investigate the role of brs in plant defense against tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) in nicotiana benthamiana. exogenous applied brs enhanced plant resistance to virus infection, w ...201626838475
nbcspr underlies age-dependent immune responses to bacterial cold shock protein in nicotiana benthamiana.plants use receptor kinases (rks) and receptor-like proteins (rlps) as pattern recognition receptors (prrs) to sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) that are typical of whole classes of microbes. after ligand perception, many leucine-rich repeat (lrr)-containing prrs interact with the lrr-rk bri1-associated kinase 1 (bak1). bak1 is thus expected to interact with unknown prrs. here, we used bak1 as molecular bait to identify a previously unknown lrr-rlp required for the recognition ...201626944079
an effector of the irish potato famine pathogen antagonizes a host autophagy cargo receptor.plants use autophagy to safeguard against infectious diseases. however, how plant pathogens interfere with autophagy-related processes is unknown. here, we show that pexrd54, an effector from the irish potato famine pathogen phytophthora infestans, binds host autophagy protein atg8cl to stimulate autophagosome formation. pexrd54 depletes the autophagy cargo receptor joka2 out of atg8cl complexes and interferes with joka2's positive effect on pathogen defense. thus, a plant pathogen effector has ...201626765567
isolation and characterization of pepper genes interacting with the cmv-p1 helicase domain.cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) is a destructive pathogen affecting capsicum annuum (pepper) production. the pepper cmr1 gene confers resistance to most cmv strains, but is overcome by cmv-p1 in a process dependent on the cmv-p1 rna1 helicase domain (p1 helicase). here, to identify host factors involved in cmv-p1 infection in pepper, a yeast two-hybrid library derived from a c. annuum 'bukang' cdna library was screened, producing a total of 76 potential clones interacting with the p1 helicase. beta- ...201626751216
artificial microrna-derived resistance to cassava brown streak disease.artificial mirnas (amirna) were generated targeting conserved sequences within the genomes of the two causal agents of cassava brown streak disease (cbsd): cassava brown streak virus (cbsv) and ugandan cassava brown streak virus (ucbsv). transient expression studies on ten amirnas targeting 21nt conserved sequences of p1(cbsv and ucbsv), p3(cbsv and ucbsv), ci(ucbsv), nib(cbsv and ucbsv), cp(ucbsv) and the un-translated region (3'-utr) were tested in nicotiana benthamiana. four out of the ten am ...201626912232
salicylic acid treatment and expression of an rna-dependent rna polymerase 1 transgene inhibit lethal symptoms and meristem invasion during tobacco mosaic virus infection in nicotiana benthamiana.host rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrs) 1 and 6 contribute to antiviral rna silencing in plants. rdr6 is constitutively expressed and was previously shown to limit invasion of nicotiana benthamiana meristem tissue by potato virus x and thereby inhibit disease development. rdr1 is inducible by salicylic acid (sa) and several other phytohormones. but although it contributes to basal resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) it is dispensable for sa-induced resistance in inoculated leaves. the lab ...201626757721
a viral satellite dna vector-induced transcriptional gene silencing via dna methylation of gene promoter in nicotiana benthamiana.virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) has been widely used for plant functional genomics study at the post-transcriptional level using various dna or rna viral vectors. however, while virus-induced transcriptional gene silencing (vitgs) via dna methylation of gene promoter was achieved using several plant rna viral vectors, it has not yet been done using a satellite dna viral vector. in this study, a viral satellite dna associated with tomato yellow leaf curl china virus (tylccnv), which has been ...201627422476
Refresh
firstprev
...2122232425
nextlast
Displaying items 2201 - 2300 of 2488