Publications

variations in equid slc11a1 (nramp1) genes and associations with rhodococcus equi pneumonia in horses.	rhodococcus equi is an important intracellular pathogen of horses, most commonly causing chronic, suppurative bronchopneumonia in foals. although most foals likely are exposed to environmental r. equi within the 1st few days of life, only some develop r. equi pneumonia, and the basis of differences in susceptibility among foals currently is unknown. in this study, we investigated solute carrier family 11 member 1 (slc11a1) gene sequences in the 5' untranslated region, exon 1, and a portion of in ...	2006	16955825
associations between the ecology of virulent rhodococcus equi and the epidemiology of r. equi pneumonia on australian thoroughbred farms.	the ecology of virulent strains of rhodococcus equi on horse farms is likely to influence the prevalence and severity of r. equi pneumonia in foals. this study examined the association between the ecology of virulent r. equi and the epidemiology of r. equi pneumonia by collecting air and soil samples over two breeding seasons (28 farm-year combinations) on thoroughbred breeding farms with different reported prevalences of r. equi pneumonia. colony blotting and dna hybridization were used to dete ...	2006	16957241
transcriptomic assessment of isozymes in the biphenyl pathway of rhodococcus sp. strain rha1.	rhodococcus sp. rha1 grows on a broad range of aromatic compounds and vigorously degrades polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). previous work identified rha1 genes encoding multiple isozymes for most of the seven steps of the biphenyl (bph) pathway, provided evidence for coexpression of some of these isozymes, and indicated the involvement of some of these enzymes in the degradation of bph, ethylbenzene (etb), and pcbs. to investigate the expression of these isozymes and better understand how they c ...	2006	16957245
microbial population dynamics associated with crude-oil biodegradation in diverse soils.	soil bacterial population dynamics were examined in several crude-oil-contaminated soils to identify those organisms associated with alkane degradation and to assess patterns in microbial response across disparate soils. seven soil types obtained from six geographically distinct areas of the united states (arizona, oregon, indiana, virginia, oklahoma, and montana) were used in controlled contamination experiments containing 2% (wt/wt) crude oil spiked with [1-(14)c]hexadecane. microbial populati ...	2006	16957258
a square archaeon, the smallest eukaryote and the largest bacteria.		2006	16958749
a novel nadp+-dependent l-1-amino-2-propanol dehydrogenase from rhodococcus erythropolis mak154: a promising enzyme for the production of double chiral aminoalcohols.	a novel nadp(+)-dependent l-1-amino-2-propanol dehydrogenase was isolated from rhodococcus erythropolis mak154, and characterized.	2006	16965375
intracellular success: cytologic findings in an ulcerated submandibular mass from a cat.	a 1-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat had an ulcerated, proliferative lesion in the submandibular area that did not respond to antibiotic therapy. impression smears from the mass revealed septic pyogranulomatous inflammation, with large numbers of pleomorphic bacteria observed intracellularly within macrophages as well as neutrophils. bacterial culture was consistent with a diagnosis of rhodococcus equi, a facultative intracellular coccobacillus capable of replicating within macropha ...	2006	16967424
functional expression of the particulate methane mono-oxygenase gene in recombinant rhodococcus erythropolis.	in order to construct an expression system for the particulate methane mono-oxygenase (pmmo) gene (pmo), the structural gene cluster pmocab amplified from methylosinus trichosporium ob3b was inserted into a shuttle vector pbs305 under the control of a dsz promoter and transformed into rhodococcus erythropolis lsse8-1. a stable transformant was successfully obtained using ethane as the sole carbon source. fluorescence in situ hybridization results showed that the dsz promoter allowed the pmo gene ...	2006	16978347
cholesterol oxidase (choe) is not important in the virulence of rhodococcus equi.	to analyze further the role in virulence of the prominent cholesterol oxidase (choe) of rhodococcus equi, an allelic exchange choe mutant from strain 103+ was constructed and assessed for virulence in macrophages, in mice, and in foals. there was no difference between the mutant and parent strain in cytotoxic activity for macrophages or in intra-macrophage multiplication. no evidence of attenuation was obtained in macrophages and in mice, but there was slight attenuation apparent in four intra-b ...	2006	16979852
the surfactant tween 80 enhances biodesulfurization.	in biocatalytic conversions, substrates and products may display inhibitory or toxic effects on the biocatalyst. rhodococcus erythropolis 1awq could further remove sulfur from hydrodesulfurized diesel oil, and the biodesulfurization was enhanced by the surfactant tween 80. tween 80 was shown to decrease the product concentration associated with the cells, reducing product inhibition.	2006	16980422
[diagnosis and therapy of rhodococcus equi infection in the horse].	infection with rhodococcus equi is an important cause of pneumonia in foals, but other organ systems may also be affected. the intracellular presence of r. equi and the formation of granulomatous and suppurative inflammatory tissue mean that prolonged treatment is needed. the pharmacological properties of the combination of erythromycin and rifampicin have improved the survival of foals infected with r. equi; however, erythromycin can cause adverse reactions in foals and mares, which has prompte ...	2006	16989420
[vertebral osteomyelitis caused by rhodococcus equi in a three-and-half-month-old dutch warmblood foal].	rhodococcus equi infection occurs worldwide and is especially a problem in foals, where it often causes colitis or pneumonia. other organs are seldom affected, and their involvement is regarded as a complication of pneumonia and/or colitis. vertebral osteomyelitis is one such rare complication and is probably caused by haematogenous spread from inflammatory lesions in the lungs and/or intestine. in rare cases, osteomyelitis can be caused by contamination of a wound. this case study describes a f ...	2006	16989421
pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin and concentrations in body fluids and bronchoalveolar cells of foals.	to determine pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin and concentrations in body fluids and bronchoalveolar (bal) cells of foals.	2006	17014316
mechanism of enhanced conversion of 1,2,3-trichloropropane by mutant haloalkane dehalogenase revealed by molecular modeling.	1,2,3-trichloropropane (tcp) is a highly toxic, recalcitrant byproduct of epichlorohydrin manufacture. haloalkane dehalogenase (dhaa) from rhodococcus sp. hydrolyses the carbon-halogen bond in various halogenated compounds including tcp, but with low efficiency (k (cat)/k (m )= 36 s(-1) m(-1)). a cys176tyr-dhaa mutant with a threefold higher catalytic efficiency for tcp dehalogenation has been previously obtained by error-prone pcr. we have used molecular simulations and quantum mechanical calcu ...	2006	17016745
eukaryotic lipid body proteins in oleogenous actinomycetes and their targeting to intracellular triacylglycerol inclusions: impact on models of lipid body biogenesis.	bacterial neutral lipid inclusions are structurally related to eukaryotic lipid bodies. these lipid inclusions are composed of a matrix of triacylglycerols (tags) or wax esters surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids. whereas the monolayers of lipid bodies from animal and plant cells harbor specific classes of proteins which are involved in the structure of the inclusions and lipid homoestasis, no such proteins are known to be associated with bacterial lipid inclusions. the present study was ...	2006	17021226
[catalysis of the biodegradation of unusable medicines by alkanotrophic rhodococci].	experiments on the biodegradation of unusable medicines containing a phenolic hydroxy group by actinobacteria of the genus rhodococcus were performed. six species and sixty-four strains were tested. it was found that rhodococci could degrade paracetamol, and some r. ruber strains showed high levels of its degradation. an efficient method for the identification and quantification of paracetamol and the products of its conversion (p-aminophenol, pyrocatechol, and hydroquinone) immediately in the c ...	2006	17022454
[improvement of the process of fluorene degradation by rhodococcus rhodochrous strain 172].	the ability of rhodococcus rhodochrous strain 172 to consume fluorene as the sole source of carbon and energy in a liquid medium was successfully increased by an addition of polycapramide fiber to the medium and preliminary adaptation of cells on fluorene agar. a combination of these approaches allowed complete degradation of fluorene without an accumulation of intermediates.	2006	17022455
alkane utilization by rhodococcus strain ntu-1 alone and in its natural association with bacillus fusiformis l-1 and ochrobactrum sp.	linear (n-hexadecane) and branched (pristane) alkanes were degraded by a mixed culture isolated from an oil-contaminated field. the degradation was accompanied by formation of biofloccules. the culture was composed of rhodococcus strain ntu-1, bacillus fusiformis l-1, and ochrobactrum sp. rhodococcus strain ntu-1 carried out the degradation of the alkane via a hydroxylase. bacillus fusiformis l-1 and ochrobactrum sp. did not degrade the alkanes but aided the flocculation by forming more rigid ba ...	2006	17022676
[cloning the amidase gene from rhodococcus rhodochrous m18 and its expression in escherichia coli].	the amidase gene from rhodococcus rhodochrous m18 was cloned by pcr amplification with primers developed by use of peptide amino acid sequences obtained after treating amidase with trypsin. nucleotide sequence analysis of this gene revealed high homology with aliphatic amidases from r. erythropolis r312 and pseudomonas aeruginosa. considering the substrate specificity and the results of dna analysis, amidase from r. rhodochrous m8 was assigned to the group of aliphatic amidases preferentially hy ...	2006	17025157
rhodococcus equi infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. computed tomography aspects.	to present the computed tomography aspects of rhodococcus equi pneumonia in seven patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	2006	17268743
the impact of acrylonitrile and bioaugmentation on the biodegradation activity and bacterial community structure of a topsoil.	the analysis of the bacterial community within the soil using dgge showed acrylonitrile (acn) could lead to the selection of significantly similar communities. moreover, rhodococcus sp. aj270 was successfully established in the soil community. high gc g+-bacteria also responded positively to acn addition. bioaugmentation or carbon addition had no impact on the rate or degree of acn degradation. acn could be readily degraded by the soil bacteria, however, the community structure was significantly ...	2006	17455796
isolation and characterization of gasoline-degrading bacteria from gas station leaking-contaminated soils.	the effects of culture conditions in vitro and biosurfactant detection were studied on bacterial strains capable of degrading gasoline from contaminated soils near gas station. the main results were summarized as follows. three bacteria (strains q 10, q14 and q18) that were considered as efficiently degrading strains were isolated and identified as pseudomonas sp., flavobacterium sp. and rhodococcus sp., respectively. the optimal growth conditions of three bacteria including ph, temperature and ...	2006	17278756
probing the substrate specificity of the catalytically self-sufficient cytochrome p450 rhf from a rhodococcus sp.	analysis of the substrate specificity of the self-sufficient cytochrome p450 rhf revealed that the enzyme tends to catalyse the dealkylation of substituted alkyl-aryl ethers with shorter alkyl moieties more readily than equivalent compounds with longer alkyl groups.	2006	17283795
cerebellar abscess due to rhodococcus equi in an immunocompetent patient: case report and literature review.	rhodococcus equi (r. equi) is a facultative, intracellular, nonmotile, non-spore-forming, gram-positive coccobacillus, primarily causes zoonotic infections that affect grazing animals, mainly horses and foals and is a rare opportunistic pathogen found in severely compromised patients, and most commonly in recent years, in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons. early cases, most in patients receiving immunosuppressant therapy, were more likely to be successfully treated with antimic ...	2006	17285106
[evaluation of api coryne system, version 2.0, for diphteroid gram-positive rods identification with clinical relevance].	the ability of the api coryne system, version 2.0, to identify 178 strains of gram-positive rods was evaluated. seventy eight isolates belonged to genus corynebacterium and one hundred to related genera, all strains were isolated from clinical samples at the laboratory of bacteriology, hospital de clínicas josé de san martin (uba) between 1995 and 2004. the isolates were identified according to von graevenitz and funke's scheme. one hundred and sixty two out of 178 strains (91%) were correctly i ...	2006	17370571
characterization of 2-bromoethanesulfonate as a selective inhibitor of the coenzyme m-dependent pathway and enzymes of bacterial aliphatic epoxide metabolism.	bacterial growth with short-chain aliphatic alkenes requires coenzyme m (com) (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid), which serves as the nucleophile for activation and conversion of epoxide products formed from alkene oxidation to central metabolites. in the present work the com analog 2-bromoethanesulfonate (bes) was shown to be a specific inhibitor of propylene-dependent growth of and epoxypropane metabolism by xanthobacter autotrophicus strain py2. bes (at low [millimolar] concentrations) completel ...	2006	16997966
kinetics of 1,4-dioxane biodegradation by monooxygenase-expressing bacteria.	1,4-dioxane is a probable human carcinogen, and an important emerging water contaminant. in this study, the biodegradation of dioxane by 20 bacterial isolates was evaluated, and 13 were found to be capable of transforming dioxane. dioxane served as a growth substrate for pseudonocardia dioxanivorans cb1190 and pseudonocardia benzenivorans b5, with yields of 0.09 g protein g dioxane(-1) and 0.03 g protein g dioxane(-1), respectively. cometabolic transformation of dioxane was observed for monooxyg ...	2006	16999122
association between the presence of bacterial 16s rna in prostate specimens taken during transurethral resection of prostate and subsequent risk of prostate cancer (sweden).	to study bacterial 16s rna in archival prostate samples from 352 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (bph) and evaluate whether the presence of bacterial dna was different in those who later developed prostate cancer (n = 171) and in the matched controls that did not progress to cancer (n = 181).	2006	17006718
catabolic pathways and biotechnological applications of microbial caffeine degradation.	catabolism of caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) in microorganisms commences via two possible mechanisms: demethylation and oxidation. through the demethylation route, the major metabolite formed in fungi is theophylline (1,3-dimethylxanthine), whereas theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine) is the major metabolite in bacteria. in certain bacterial species, caffeine has also been oxidized directly to trimethyl uric acid in a single step. the conversion of caffeine to its metabolites is primarily brou ...	2006	17009088
seroepidemiological survey of rhodoccocus equi infection in asymptomatic horses from bursa, izmir and istanbul provinces, turkey.	in order to assess the rhodococcus equi infection in three provinces of turkey (bursa, izmir and istanbul), 696 sera from healthy foals and adult horses were tested by indirect elisa using a r. equi reference strain (atcc 6939) as antigen. 103 sera (14.80%) with titres >0.646 resulted positive. seroprevalence was significantly higher (p=0.0053) in male than in female horses of istanbul province, although higher antibody titres (mean value) were observed in the female group of bursa and izmir pro ...	2006	17034856
[identification of mycobacteria by sequencing of rpob gene and 16s rrna].	to classify a specific mycobacterium among various mycobacteria utilizing sequencing of rpob gene. to classify mycobacteria not identified by dna-dna hybridization (ddh) using sequencing of rpob and 16s rrna gene.	2006	17037387
the complete genome of rhodococcus sp. rha1 provides insights into a catabolic powerhouse.	rhodococcus sp. rha1 (rha1) is a potent polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading soil actinomycete that catabolizes a wide range of compounds and represents a genus of considerable industrial interest. rha1 has one of the largest bacterial genomes sequenced to date, comprising 9,702,737 bp (67% g+c) arranged in a linear chromosome and three linear plasmids. a targeted insertion methodology was developed to determine the telomeric sequences. rha1's 9,145 predicted protein-encoding genes are exceptional ...	2006	17030794
chloroform degradation by butane-grown cells of rhodococcus aetherovorans bcp1.	the ability of a rhodococcus aetherovorans strain, bcp1, to grow on butane and to degrade chloroform in the 0-633 microm range (0-75.5 mg l(-1)) via aerobic cometabolism was investigated by means of resting-cell assays. bcp1 degraded chloroform with a complete mineralization of the organic cl. the resulting butane and chloroform maximum specific degradation rates were equal to 118 and 22 micromol mg(protein)(-1)day(-1), respectively. butane inhibition on chloroform degradation was satisfactorily ...	2006	17058077
heterogeneous aerobic benzene-degrading communities in oxygen-depleted groundwaters.	a sandstone aquifer beneath a petrochemicals plant (siren site, uk) is heterogeneously contaminated with benzene and oxygen-depleted. despite low redox potentials in three of the most contaminated groundwaters (benzene concentrations from 17.8 to 294 mg l(-1)), we observed aerobic benzene degradation in microcosms, indicating the presence in situ of a latent community of obligate aerobic microorganisms or an active community of facultative aerobes responding rapidly to oxygen ingress. moreover, ...	2006	17064267
vaccine-associated systemic rhodococcus erythropolis infection in farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar.	in 7 instances between 2000 and 2003, clinical investigation of populations of fresh- and seawater-reared, vaccinated, atlantic salmon salmo salar suffering total losses of between 0.1 and 35 % revealed infection with a gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium. the isolations were geographically widespread, occurring in both norway and scotland. in all cases, a gram-positive bacterium, subsequently identified as rhodococcus erythropolis, was isolated in pure culture. infections, although systemic, wer ...	2006	17067069
the ralstonia eutropha h16 phasin phap1 is targeted to intracellular triacylglycerol inclusions in rhodococcus opacus pd630 and mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155, and provides an anchor to target other proteins.	in ralstonia eutropha, the h16 phasin phap1 represents the major phasin that binds to the surface of polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) inclusions. in this study, c-terminal fusions of phap1 with enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) and with escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lacz) were expressed separately in the triacylglycerol (tag)-accumulating actinomycetes rhodococcus opacus pd630 and mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155, employing the m. smegmatis acetamidase (ace) promoter of the escherichia- ...	2006	17074898
pulmonary disposition of tilmicosin in foals and in vitro activity against rhodococcus equi and other common equine bacterial pathogens.	the objectives of this study were to determine the serum and pulmonary disposition of tilmicosin in foals and to investigate the in vitro activity of the drug against rhodococcus equi and other common bacterial pathogens of horses. a single dose of a new fatty acid salt formulation of tilmicosin (10 mg/kg of body weight) was administered to seven healthy 5- to 8-week-old foals by the intramuscular route. concentrations of tilmicosin were measured in serum, lung tissue, pulmonary epithelial linin ...	2006	17083461
expression of bovine lactoferrin c-lobe in rhodococcus erythropolis and its purification and characterization.	a rhodococcus erythropolis expression system for the bovine lactoferrin c-lobe was constructed. the dna fragments encoding the blf c-lobe were amplified and cloned into vector ptip lch1.2. r. erythropolis carrying the ptip-c-lobe was cultured at 30 degrees c with shaking, and expression of the rblf c-lobe was induced by adding 1 microg/ml (final concentration) thiostrepton. the rblf c-lobe was isolated in native and denatured (8 m urea) form by ni-nta affinity chromatography. to obtain a bioacti ...	2006	17090917
detection and characterization of bacteria from the potato rhizosphere degrading n-acyl-homoserine lactone.	quorum sensing plays a role in the regulation of soft rot diseases caused by the plant pathogenic bacterium pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. the signal molecules involved in quorum sensing in p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum belong to the group of n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls). in our study, we screened bacteria isolated from the potato rhizosphere for the ability to degrade ahls produced by p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. six isolates able to degrade ahls were selected for ...	2006	17110970
molecular diversity studies of bacterial communities of oil polluted microbial mats from the etang de berre (france).	the biodiversity of microbial mats inhabiting the oil-contaminated lagoon etang de berre was determined by molecular approaches. the fingerprint of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and automatic ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (arisa) of mats exposed to different pollution levels showed specific microbial communities for each site but similar diversity richness. species composition of the mats were compared by constructing 16s rrna libraries. amplified rdna restriction analysi ...	2006	17117996
[rhodococcus equi infection].		2006	17144431
the latent promiscuity of newly identified microbial lactonases is linked to a recently diverged phosphotriesterase.	in essence, evolutionary processes occur gradually, while maintaining fitness throughout. along this line, it has been proposed that the ability of a progenitor to promiscuously catalyze a low level of the evolving activity could facilitate the divergence of a new function by providing an immediate selective advantage. to directly establish a role for promiscuity in the divergence of natural enzymes, we attempted to trace the origins of a bacterial phosphotriesterase (pte), an enzyme thought to ...	2006	17105187
an unusual beta-vinyl effect leading to high efficiency and enantioselectivity of the amidase, nitrile biotransformations for the preparation of enantiopure 3-arylpent-4-enoic acids and amides and their applications in synthesis.	biotransformations of 3-arylpent-4-enenitriles catalyzed by rhodococcus erythropolis aj270, a nitrile hydratase/amidase-containing microbial whole-cell catalyst were studied, and an unusual beta-vinyl effect of the substrate on the biocatalytic efficiency and enantioselectivity of the amidase was observed. while 3-arylpent-4-enenitriles and 3-phenylpentanenitrile were efficiently hydrated by the action of the less r-enantioselective nitrile hydratase, the amidase showed greater activity and high ...	2006	17137391
chilling and cultivar type affect the diversity of bacterial endophytes colonizing sweet pepper (capsicum anuum l.).	a climate chamber experiment was conducted to assay the effect of low temperatures (chilling) on the diversity of bacteria colonizing the endospheres of two thermophilic sweet pepper (capsicum anuum l.) cultivars, milder spiral and ziegenhorn bello. structural diversity was analyzed by 16s rrna-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis and by the generation of 16s rrna gene libraries to determine dominant community members in t-rflp profiles. cultivable community ...	2006	17215894
effect of hyperimmune plasma on the severity of pneumonia caused by rhodococcus equi in experimentally infected foals.	this study evaluated the prophylactic effectiveness of hyperimmune plasma (hip) as an aid in the prevention of pneumonia caused by experimental infection with rhodococcus equi. thirty neonatal foals were administered r. equi hip or saline at 2 days of age and were infected with virulent r. equi at 7 days. all foals developed signs or symptoms of respiratory disease. radiographic scores on day 28 and neutrophil concentrations on day 49 were significantly greater in control foals, and time to resp ...	2006	17216591
survey of the large-animal diplomates of the american college of veterinary internal medicine regarding knowledge and clinical use of polymerase chain reaction: implications for veterinary education.	a questionnaire was developed to document the knowledge base of large-animal diplomates of the american college of veterinary internal medicine (acvim) regarding polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology and to identify the common use of this technology in equine practice. ninety-three of the 278 mailed questionnaires were returned, for an overall response rate of 33.4%. ninety respondents (99%) reported being familiar with the general principles of nucleic acid probe technology; however, only ...	2006	17220506
specificity of catechol ortho-cleavage during para-toluate degradation by rhodococcus opacus 1cp.	degradation of para-toluate by rhodococcus opacus 1cp was investigated. activities of the key enzymes of this process, catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and muconate cycloisomerase, are detected in this microorganism. growth on p-toluate was accompanied by induction of two catechol 1,2-dioxygenases. the substrate specificity and physicochemical properties of one enzyme are identical to those of chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase; induction of the latter enzyme was observed during r. opacus 1cp growth on 4-ch ...	2006	17223783
[bacteremia due to rhodococcus equi in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: case report].	rhodococcus equi is an important agent for zoonotic infections, and may cause serious infections in humans, especially immunocompromised patients. in this study, a case of fatal bacteremia due to rhodococcus equi in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv positive) is reported.	2006	17308706
biosurfactant production by rhodococcus erythropolis grown on glycerol as sole carbon source.	the production of biosurfactant by rhodococcus erythropolis during the growth on glycerol was investigated. the process was carried out at 28 degrees c in a 1.5-l bioreactor using glycerol as carbon source. the bioprocess was monitored through measurements of biosurfactant concentration and glycerol consumption. after 51 h of cultivation, 1.7 g/l of biosurfactant, surface, and interfacial tensions values (with n-hexadecane) of 43 and 15 mn/m, respectively, 67% of emulsifying index (e (24)), and ...	2006	18563662
the phytopathogen rhodococcus fascians breaks apical dominance and activates axillary meristems by inducing plant genes involved in hormone metabolism.	summary rhodococcus fascians is a gram-positive bacterium that interacts with many plant species and induces multiple shoots through a combination of activation of dormant axillary meristems and de novo meristem formation. although phenotypic analysis of the symptoms of infected plants clearly demonstrates a disturbance of the phytohormonal balance and an activation of the cell cycle, the actual mechanism of symptom development and the targets of the bacterial signals are unknown. to elucidate t ...	2006	20507431
the tobacco ntann12 gene, encoding an annexin, is induced upon rhodoccocus fascians infection and during leafy gall development.	summary annexins are calcium-binding proteins that have been associated in plants with different biological processes such as responses to abiotic stress and early nodulation stages. until now, the implication of annexins during plant-pathogen interactions has not been reported. here, a novel plant annexin gene induced in tobacco by-2 cell suspension cultures infected with the phytopathogenic bacterium rhodococcus fascians (strain d188) has been identified. expression of this gene, called ntann1 ...	2007	20507490
resistance studies of erythromycin and rifampin for rhodococcus equi over a 10-year period.	this study sought to determine whether an increase in resistance of rhodococcus equi to the antibiotics rifampin and erythromycin occurred over a 10-year period. this was carried out by the use of e test strips for rifampin and erythromycin to determine the mic (minimum inhibitory concentration) values of rhodococcus equi to this combination of antibiotics.the findings of this study indicated that there was an increase in resistance of rhodococcus equi to rifampin and erythromycin over the 10-ye ...	2007	21851690
in vitro immunomodulating activity of biosurfactant glycolipid complex from rhodococcus ruber.	the biosurfactant glycolipid complex synthesized by rhodococcus ruber actinobacteria is not toxic and exhibits no appreciable effect on proliferative activity of peripheral blood leukocytes. in the monocyte fraction, the biosurfactant activates the production of il-1beta and tnf-alpha cytokines without modifying the production of il-6. in the mononuclear fraction, the glycolipid biosurfactant exhibited no effects on the production of il-1beta, tnf-alpha, and il-6. these results indicate good pro ...	2007	18457028
chromate reducing and plant growth promoting activities of psychrotrophic rhodococcus erythropolis mtcc 7,905.	a psychrotrophic bacterial strain resistant to 300 mg l(-1) of cr(6+) was isolated from metal contaminated soil samples from a site situated in the indian himalayan region. based on 16 s rrna analysis the isolate showed maximum similarity to rhodococcus erythropolis. rhodococcus erythropolis mtcc 7,905 reduced substantial amounts of cr(6+) to cr(3+) at 10 degrees c and showed plant growth promotion. the isolate offer promise as inoculant to promote plant growth of pea (pisum sativum) in the pres ...	2007	18072252
[pulmonary malakoplakia and rhodococcus equi infection. a report of two cases and review].	malakoplakia is a rare, chronic, granulomatous disease seen in immunocompromised patients, caused by multiple infectious agents, most often bacteria. microscopically, accumulations of macrophages with granular cytoplasm and intra- or extracellular structures, called michaelis-gutmann bodies are characteristic. main cause of pulmonary malakoplakia is rhodococcus equi infection. we report two cases of pulmonary malakoplakia, in one case r. equi infection was confirmed. we also present a summary of ...	2007	18080992
purification and characterization of a dehydrogenase catalyzing conversion of n alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-aminoadipic-delta-semialdehyde to n alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-aminoadipic acid from rhodococcus sp. aiu z-35-1.	the enzyme catalyzing conversion of n alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-aminoadipic-delta-semialdehyde (n alpha-z-l-aasa) to n alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-aminoadipic acid (n alpha-z-l-aaa) in rhodococcus sp. aiu z-35-1 was identified, and its characteristics were revealed. this reaction was catalyzed by a dehydrogenase with a molecular mass of 59 kda. the dehydrogenase exhibited enzyme activity on not only n alpha-z-l-aasa but also n alpha-z-d-aasa and short chain aliphatic aldehydes, but not on aromatic ...	2007	18086440
soybean oil-degrading bacterial cultures as a potential for control of green peach aphids (myzus persicae).	microorganisms capable of degrading crude oil were isolated and grown in soybean oil as a sole carbon source. the microbial cultures were used to control green peach aphids in vitro. approximately 60% mortality of aphids was observed when the cultures were applied alone onto aphids. to examine the cultures as a pesticide formulation mixture, the cultures were combined with a low dose of the insecticide imidacloprid (one-fourth dose of recommended field-application rate) and applied onto aphids. ...	2007	18156788
rhodococcus equi bacteremia with lung abscess misdiagnosed as corynebacterium: a report of 2 cases.		2007	18209924
characterization and functional analysis of a novel gene cluster involved in biphenyl degradation in rhodococcus sp. strain r04.	isolation of the genes relative to pcb biodegradation and identification of the bph gene function in rhodococcus sp. r04.	2007	18045404
rhodococcus qingshengii sp. nov., a carbendazim-degrading bacterium.	a gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, mesophilic strain, djl-6(t), able to degrade carbendazim, was isolated from a carbendazim-contaminated soil sample from jiangsu province, china. the taxonomic position of this isolate was analysed by using a polyphasic approach. chemotaxonomic analysis including peptidoglycan type, diagnostic sugar composition, fatty acid profile, menaquinones, polar lipids and mycolic acids showed that the characteristics of strain djl-6(t) were in good agreement with those ...	2007	18048720
biosynthesis of bile acids in a variety of marine bacterial taxa.	several marine bacterial strains, which were isolated from seawater off the island dokdo, korea, were screened to find new bioactive compounds such as antibiotics. among them, donghaeana dokdonensis strain dsw-6 was found to produce antibacterial agents, and the agents were then purified and analyzed by lc-ms/ms and 1d- and 2d-nmr spectrometries. the bioactive compounds were successfully identified as cholic acid and glycine-conjugated glycocholic acid, the 7alpha-dehydroxylated derivatives (deo ...	2007	18050942
ocular pathogen or commensal: a pcr-based study of surface bacterial flora in normal and dry eyes.	to compare the bacterial population of the ocular surface of normal and dry eye subjects using conventional culture and 16s rdna pcr.	2007	18055811
construction of a recombinant plasmid as reaction control in routine pcr for detection of contagious equine metritis (cem-pcr).	contagious equine metritis (cem) is a highly contagious bacterial venereal disease of horses caused by taylorella equigenitalis. cem-pcr is a semi-nested pcr method for detecting this bacterium. although this technique is regarded as a sensitive diagnostic method for cem, there are risks of it generating false positive and false negative results. in this study, we constructed a recombinant plasmid (cem-pos) as reaction control to assure adequate pcr reaction and prevent false positive results ca ...	2007	18057840
[study on cooperating degradation of cypermethrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid by two bacteria strains].	the microbial cooperated reaction is one of the most important forms of microbial degradation of organic pollutants. although there were many research reports of cooperating degradation, less report on the microbial cooperated of pyrethroid degradation to be found. we have isolated one degrading-bacteria strain named cdt3 for degradation of cypermethrin, which can degraded the cypermethrin into 3-pba and dcva. at the same time, we also isolated another degrading-bacteria strain named as pbm11, w ...	2007	18062258
[microbial diversity in scorpion intestine (buthus martensii karsch)].	scorpion is an important officinal animal, and has a high nutritional value. in this study, the culture-independent and culture-dependent methods were used to investigate the microbial diversity in the scorpion's intestine. results based on culture-independent method showed the bacteria to be related to alpha, beta, gamma-proteobacteria. bacteria isolated by the culture-dependent method were high g + c, gram-positive bacteria. the genera enterobacter, serratia and ochrobactrum were detected by b ...	2007	18062268
[kinetics of the degradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons by the bacteria rhodococcus ruber and rhodococcus erythropolis].	consumption of aliphatic hydrocarbons by the bacteria rhodococcus ruber ac-1513-d and rhodococcus erythropolis ac-1514-d grown on mixed n-alkanes and diesel fuel was studied. consumption of diesel fuel hydrocarbons by the strains was less intense in comparison with the n-alkane mixture. the strains showed differences in growth rate and consumption of the substrates, which suggests that they possess different mechanisms of hydrocarbon uptake.	2007	18173107
an inducible propane monooxygenase is responsible for n-nitrosodimethylamine degradation by rhodococcus sp. strain rha1.	rhodococci are common soil heterotrophs that possess diverse functional enzymatic activities with economic and ecological significance. in this study, the correlation between gene expression and biological removal of the water contaminant n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma) is explored. ndma is a hydrophilic, potent carcinogen that has gained recent notoriety due to its environmental persistence and emergence as a widespread micropollutant in the subsurface environment. in this study, we demonstrate t ...	2007	17873074
experimental rhodococcus equi and equine infectious anemia virus dna vaccination in adult and neonatal horses: effect of il-12, dose, and route.	improving the ability of dna-based vaccines to induce potent type1/th1 responses against intracellular pathogens in large outbred species is essential. rhodoccocus equi and equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) are two naturally occurring equine pathogens that also serve as important large animal models of neonatal immunity and lentiviral immune control. neonates present a unique challenge for immunization due to their diminished immunologic capabilities and apparent th2 bias. in an effort to au ...	2007	17889970
rhodococcus equi infection in foals: the science of 'rattles'.	infection with rhodococcus (corynebacterium) equi is a well-recognised condition in foals that represents a consistent and serious risk worldwide. the condition manifests itself primarily as one of pulmonary abscessation and bronchitis, hence the terminology of 'rattles' derived from its most obvious clinical sign, frequently terminal when first identified. this review addresses the clinical manifestation, bacteriology and pathogenesis of the condition together with recent developments providing ...	2007	17910275
engineering the phenylacetaldehyde reductase mutant for improved substrate conversion in the presence of concentrated 2-propanol.	phenylacetaldehyde reductase (par) from rhodococcus sp. st-10 is useful for chiral alcohol production because of its broad substrate specificity and high stereoselectivity. the conversion of ketones into alcohols by par requires the coenzyme nadh. par can regenerate nadh by oxidizing additional alcohols, especially 2-propanol. however, substrate conversion by wild-type par is suppressed in concentrated 2-propanol. previously, we developed the sar268 mutant of par, which can convert several subst ...	2007	17912510
engineering and analysis of a self-sufficient biosynthetic cytochrome p450 pikc fused to the rhfred reductase domain.		2007	17915876
pharmacokinetics of gallium maltolate after intragastric administration in neonatal foals.	to determine the pharmacokinetics of gallium maltolate (gam) after intragastric administration in healthy foals.	2007	17916007
isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria.	a study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. these samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. the 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders ...	2007	17918596
rare actinomycete bacteria from the shallow water sediments of the trondheim fjord, norway: isolation, diversity and biological activity.	actinomycete bacteria produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities, some of which have been developed for human medicine. rare actinomycetes are promising sources in search for new drugs, and their potential for producing biologically active molecules is poorly studied. in this work, we have investigated the diversity of actinomycetes in the shallow water sediments of the trondheim fjord (norway). due to the use of different selective isolation methods, an u ...	2007	17922759
high resolution x-ray molecular structure of the nitrile hydratase from rhodococcus erythropolis aj270 reveals posttranslational oxidation of two cysteines into sulfinic acids and a novel biocatalytic nitrile hydration mechanism.	the crystal structure of fe-type nitrile hydratase from rhodococcus erythropolis aj270 was determined at 1.3a resolution. the two cysteine residues (alphacys(112) and alphacys(114)) equatorially coordinated to the ferric ion were post-translationally modified to cysteine sulfinic acids. a glutamine residue (alphagln(90)) in the active center gave double conformations. based on the interactions among the enzyme, substrate and water molecules, a new mechanism of biocatalysis of nitrile hydratase w ...	2007	17716629
biodesulfurization of refractory organic sulfur compounds in fossil fuels.	the stringent new regulations to lower sulfur content in fossil fuels require new economic and efficient methods for desulfurization of recalcitrant organic sulfur. hydrodesulfurization of such compounds is very costly and requires high operating temperature and pressure. biodesulfurization is a non-invasive approach that can specifically remove sulfur from refractory hydrocarbons under mild conditions and it can be potentially used in industrial desulfurization. intensive research has been cond ...	2007	17716849
diagnostic evaluation of real-time pcr in the detection of rhodococcus equi in faeces and nasopharyngeal swabs from foals with pneumonia.		2007	17720966
rhodococcus kyotonensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from soil.	a polyphasic study was undertaken to establish the taxonomic position of an isolate, strain ds472(t), from soil in kyoto, japan. phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16s rrna gene sequences, revealed that this strain constitutes a new subline within the genus rhodococcus, with rhodococcus yunnanensis yim 70056(t) and rhodococcus fascians dsm 20669(t) as its nearest phylogenetic neighbours (98.2 and 97.8 % sequence similarity, respectively). dna-dna hybridization experiments revealed 36 and 29 % r ...	2007	17766854
abortion in a thoroughbred mare associated with an infection with avirulent rhodococcus equi.	an eight-year-old thoroughbred mare with no previous history of illness aborted a fetus at 196 days of gestation, and its internal tissues were examined immunohistologically and bacteriologically. the placenta was not examined, but specimens of the intrauterine fluids and the dam's faeces were collected four days after the abortion and examined bacteriologically. no significant histological lesions were found in the fetus but the amnion and the umbilical cord were oedematous and had petechial ha ...	2007	17827474
exploring the biochemical properties and remediation applications of the unusual explosive-degrading p450 system xpla/b.	widespread contamination of land and groundwater has resulted from the use, manufacture, and storage of the military explosive hexa-hydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx). this contamination has led to a requirement for a sustainable, low-cost method to remediate this problem. here, we present the characterization of an unusual microbial p450 system able to degrade rdx, consisting of flavodoxin reductase xplb and fused flavodoxin-cytochrome p450 xpla. the affinity of xpla for the xenobiotic c ...	2007	17940033
the prestige oil spill: bacterial community dynamics during a field biostimulation assay.	a field bioremediation assay using the oleophilic fertilizer s200 was carried out 12 months after the prestige heavy fuel-oil spill on a beach on the cantabrian coast (north spain). this assay showed that s200-enhanced oil degradation, particularly of high-molecular-weight n-alkanes and alkylated pahs, suggesting an increase in the microbial bioavailability of these compounds. the bacterial community structure was determined by cultivation-independent analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplif ...	2007	17943279
nitrile and amide biotransformations for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure 3-arylaziridine-2-carboxamide derivatives and their stereospecific ring-opening reactions.	catalyzed by rhodococcus erythropolis aj270 (whole cell catalyst) under very mild conditions, a number of racemic trans-3-arylaziridine-2-carbonitriles and amides were efficiently transformed into enantiopure 2r,3s-3-arylaziridine-2-carboxamides. while the nitrile hydratase exhibits low selectivity against nitrile substrates, the amidase is highly enantioselective toward 2s,3r-3-arylaziridine-2-carboxamides. upon the treatment with catalytic hydrogenation, amine, or water in the presence of one ...	2007	17958451
[rhodococcus equi pneumonia in an hiv+ patient: an uncommon association].	the human infection by rhodococcus equi, even in the presence of hiv infection, remains a rare disease. the authors present a case report of pneumonia, occurring in a hiv+ man. after identifying pneumocystis jiroveci in the bal, despite proper medication, the patient didn't improve. another bal was performed and a rhodococcus equi isolated. the therapeutic regimen was changed according to this finding and the patient improved. the authors make a review of the literature, focusing on the rarity o ...	2007	17962888
characterization of nalpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine oxidizing enzyme from rhodococcus sp. aiu z-35-1.	an oxidase catalyzing conversion of n(alpha)-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine (n(alpha)-z-l-lysine) to n(alpha)-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-aminoadipate-delta-semialdehyde (n(alpha)-z-l-aasa) was purified from rhodococcus sp. aiu z-35-1, and its properties were revealed. this enzyme catalyzed an oxidative deamination of the epsilon-amino group of n(alpha)-acyl-l-lysine and the alpha-amino group of n(epsilon)-acyl-l-lysine. the apparent k(m) value for n(alpha)-acetyl-l-lysine was much larger than that for n(ep ...	2007	17964487
rhodococcus equi meningitis after ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion in a preterm infant.		2007	17984829
screening of carbon dioxide-requiring extreme oligotrophs from soil.	we screened soil samples for co(2)-requiring extreme oligotrophs similar to rhodococcus erythropolis n9t-4, which can grow on a basal salt agar medium without an organic carbon source. from 387 soil samples, three isolates were obtained and identified as streptomyces spp. by 16s rdna analysis. the isolates required gaseous co(2) for growth and grew on a basal salt medium solidified by silica gel. these results suggest that such co(2)-requiring oligotrophs occur widely in nature.	2007	17986768
improvement of 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate desulfinase, an enzyme involved in the dibenzothiophene desulfurization pathway, from rhodococcus erythropolis ka2-5-1 by site-directed mutagenesis.	in the microbial dibenzothiophene desulfurization pathway, 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinate is converted to 2-hydroxybiphenyl and sulfinate by desulfinase (dszb) at the last step, and this reaction is rate-limiting for the whole pathway. the catalytic activity and thermostability of dszb were enhanced by the two amino acid substitutions. based on information on the 3-d structure of dszb and a comparison of amino acid sequences between dszb and reported thermophilic and thermostable homologs (tdsb ...	2007	17986771
isolation and characterization of aniline-degrading rhodococcus sp. strain an5.	a pure culture using aniline as a sole source of carbon and energy was isolated by selective enrichment culturing on a minimum salt medium (msm) from the nanjing chemical plant, nanjing, jiangsu province, china. an analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequence and morphological and physiological characteristics showed that this strain was a member of the genus rhodococcus, and it was designated as strain an5. its optimal conditions for aniline biodegradation were 30 degrees c (ph 7.0). due to the water ...	2007	17990163
[isolation and identification of a low temperature hydrocarbon-degrading strain and its degradation characteristics].	a low-temperature hydrocarbon-degrading strain t7-2 was isolated from sea-mud of bohai polluted area and identified as rhodococcus erythropolis, which could use diesel oil as carbon source. the optimal temperature and ph for the strain utilizing ethanol was 15 degrees c and 7.8, and the optimal concentration of ethanol and the seed culture was 0.5% and 10(8) cfu/ml, respectively. inoculated to artificial seawater which was added (nh4)2so5 2.64 g/l, na2hpo4 2.5 g/l and yeast extract 0.015 g/l aft ...	2007	17990565
hyperproduction of sebaceous cis-6-hexadecenoic acid by esterase-reduced mutant of rhodococcus sp. strain.	cis-6-hexadecenoic acid is a major component of human sebaceous lipids that is involved in skin self-sterilization and atopic dermatitis amelioration. it can be prepared by hydrolysis of isopropyl cis-6-hexadecenoate produced by resting cells of rhodococcus sp. strain ksm-mt66. to devise an economical industrial-scale process for the production of this rare fatty acid, we optimized the conditions for growing rhodococcal cells. mg(2+) and fe(2+) ions are essential for the efficient production of ...	2007	18023803
preventing biofilm formation: promoting cell separation with terpenes.	both carveol and carvone were effective in dispersing rhodococcus erythropolis cells that were being stimulated to aggregate by the presence of organic solvents. the two terpenes influenced the fatty acid composition of the cell membrane, decreasing the percentage of fatty acids with more than 16 carbon atoms, and thus cell hydrophobicity, and also the degree of saturation of the fatty acids. in the presence of 250 micromol of terpene, the volume of biofilm was reduced by one third in comparison ...	2007	17617221
lariatins, novel anti-mycobacterial peptides with a lasso structure, produced by rhodococcus jostii k01-b0171.	two anti-mycobacterial peptides with a lasso structure, named lariatins a and b, were separated by hp-20 and ods column chromatographies and purified by hplc from the culture broth of rhodococcus jostii k01-b0171, which was isolated from soil aggregates collected in yunnan, china. lariains a and b showed growth inhibition against mycobacterium smegmatis with mic values of 3.13 and 6.25 microg/ml in agar dilution method, respectively. furthermore, lariatin a inhibited the growth of mycobacterium ...	2007	17617692
biphenyl-utilizing bacteria and their functional genes in a pine root zone contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs).	bacteria and functional genes associated with biphenyl (bp) degradation in the root zone of an austrian pine (pinus nigra l.) growing naturally in polychlorinated-bp (pcb)-contaminated soil were identified using stable isotope probing (sip) integrated with comprehensive functional gene analyses. sip revealed 75 different genera that derived carbon from 13c-bp, with pseudonocardia, kribella, nocardiodes and sphingomonas predominating carbon acquisition. rhodococcus spp. were not detected with sip ...	2007	18043623
rhodococcus equi infection after alemtuzumab therapy for t-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.	rhodococcus equi, mainly known from veterinary medicine as a pathogen in domestic animals, can also cause infections in immunocompromised humans, especially in those with defects in cellular immunity. alemtuzumab, an anti-cd52 monoclonal antibody, causes lymphocytopenia by eliminating cd52-positive cells. we report a patient in whom rhodococcus equi infection developed after alemtuzumab therapy.	2007	18258054
17beta-estradiol-degrading bacteria isolated from activated sludge.	fourteen phylogenetically diverse 17beta-estradiol-degrading bacteria (strains kc1-14) were isolated from activated sludge of a wastewater treatment plant. these isolates widely distributed among eight different genera--aminobacter (strains kc6 and kc7), brevundimonas (strain kc12), escherichia (strain kc13), flavobacterium (strain kc1), microbacterium (strain kc5), nocardioides (strain kc3), rhodococcus (strain kc4), and sphingomonas (strains kc8-kc11 and kc14)--of three phyla: proteobacteria, ...	2007	17310711
structural features of a cold-adapted alaskan bacterial lipase.	the three dimensional model of cold-adapted alaskan psychrotroph pseudomonas species (strain b11-1) lipase has been constructed by homology modeling based on the crystal structure of acetyl esterase from rhodococcus species and refined by molecular dynamics methods. our model locates the substrate-binding cavity and further suggests that ser-155, asp-250, and his-280 are the members of the catalytic triad. substrate specificity of the modeled lipase has been examined by docking experiments, whic ...	2007	17313191
comparative phylogenetic analysis of microbial communities in pristine and hydrocarbon-contaminated alpine soils.	a molecular characterization of pristine and petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated alpine soils sampled in tyrol (austria) was performed. to identify predominant bacteria, pcr-amplified 16s rrna gene fragments from five pristine and nine contaminated soils were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). sequencing and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the majority of the dgge bands represented bacteria in the actinobacteria and proteobacteria phyla: 18 and 73%, respectivel ...	2007	17313586
structural analysis of an acidic, fatty acid ester-bonded extracellular polysaccharide produced by a pristane-assimilating marine bacterium, rhodococcus erythropolis pr4.	rhodococcus erythropolis pr4 is a marine bacterium that can degrade various alkanes including pristane, a c(19) branched alkane. this strain produces a large quantity of extracellular polysaccharides, which are assumed to play an important role in the hydrocarbon tolerance of this bacterium. the strain produced two acidic extracellular polysaccharides, fr1 and fr2, and the latter showed emulsifying activity toward clove oil, whereas the former did not. fr2 was composed of d-galactose, d-glucose, ...	2007	17316581
structural analysis of mucoidan, an acidic extracellular polysaccharide produced by a pristane-assimilating marine bacterium, rhodococcus erythropolis pr4.	rhodococcus erythropolis pr4 is a marine bacterium that can degrade various alkanes including pristane, a c(19) branched alkane. this strain produces a large quantity of extracellular polysaccharides (eps), which are assumed to play an important role in the hydrocarbon tolerance of r. erythropolis pr4. the strain produced an acidic eps, mucoidan, together with a fatty acid-containing eps, pr4 faceps. the chemical structure of the mucoidan was determined using (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy and ...	2007	17316584
profiling mechanisms of alkane hydroxylase activity in vivo using the diagnostic substrate norcarane.	mechanistically informative chemical probes are used to characterize the activity of functional alkane hydroxylases in whole cells. norcarane is a substrate used to reveal the lifetime of radical intermediates formed during alkane oxidation. results from oxidations of this probe with organisms that contain the two most prevalent medium-chain-length alkane-oxidizing metalloenzymes, alkane omega-monooxygenase (alkb) and cytochrome p450 (cyp), are reported. the results--radical lifetimes of 1-7 ns ...	2007	17317570