Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [persistence of circulation of corynebacterium diphtheriae non-toxigenic strains and low prevalence of carriers in a sample of children vaccinated against diphtheria]. | this study was carried out with the aim to investigate the presence of carriers of diphtheria bacillus in a sample of 1970 healthy children, 6-14 years aged, residing in eight italian towns. three non-toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae biotype mitis were isolated from as many healthy children. molecular characterization by ribotyping showed close genetic relation of two of the wild strains with the c7(b) reference strain whereas one of the wild strains showed close genetic relation ... | 2003 | 12910872 |
| influence of stannous chloride on the adhesive properties of corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. | stannous ion, as a chloride salt, influenced on the survival and adhesive properties of two toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae of the sucrose-fermenting (241 strain) and non-sucrose-fermenting (cdc-e8392 strain) biotypes. differences in survival fractions suggested differences in susceptibility of strains to bactericidal effect of stannous chloride (sncl2). a number of 0.3% bacterial cells of 241 strain and 0.02% of cdc-e8392 strain survived after 220 micro l ml(-1) sncl2 treatment. results o ... | 2003 | 12964050 |
| solution 1h nmr investigation of the active site molecular and electronic structures of substrate-bound, cyanide-inhibited hmuo, a bacterial heme oxygenase from corynebacterium diphtheriae. | the molecular structure and dynamic properties of the active site environment of hmuo, a heme oxygenase (ho) from the pathogenic bacterium corynebacterium diphtheriae, have been investigated by (1)h nmr spectroscopy using the human ho (hho) complex as a homology model. it is demonstrated that not only the spatial contacts among residues and between residues and heme, but the magnetic axes that can be related to the direction and magnitude of the steric tilt of the fecn unit are strongly conserve ... | 2003 | 12480929 |
| protective levels of diphtheria-neutralizing antibody induced in healthy volunteers by unilateral priming-boosting intranasal immunization associated with restricted ipsilateral mucosal secretory immunoglobulin a. | subunit intranasal vaccines offer the prospect of inducing combined systemic-mucosal immunity against mucosally transmitted infections such as human immunodeficiency virus. however, although human studies have demonstrated the induction of active immunity, secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) responses are variable, and no study has demonstrated protection by accepted vaccine-licensing criteria as measured by direct toxin-neutralizing activity. using the genetically inactivated mutant diphtheria to ... | 2003 | 12540551 |
| manganese-dependent regulation of the endocarditis-associated virulence factor efaa of enterococcus faecalis. | there is increasing recognition of the emerging role of manganese regulation and acquisition in some pathogenic bacteria. expression of the enterococcus faecalis endocarditis-associated virulence factor efaa is induced by growth in serum. it is demonstrated here that expression of the efacba operon encoding a putative abc-type transporter is regulated by mn(2+). transcription of efacba and efaa production were repressed in mn(2+)-supplemented medium. a mn(2+)-responsive transcriptional regulator ... | 2003 | 12543916 |
| molecular epidemiology and characteristics of corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium ulcerans strains isolated in italy during the 1990s. | five cases of diphtheria were reported in italy between january 1990 and june 2001. three cases were confirmed microbiologically by the isolation of toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae (two cases) and corynebacterium ulcerans (one case). over the same period, 11 cases of non-toxigenic c. diphtheriae infection were reported to the italian public health institute, from which the causative organism was isolated from a skin infection in one case and from the throat in the other ten. seven of the t ... | 2003 | 12543926 |
| the crystal structures of the ferric and ferrous forms of the heme complex of hmuo, a heme oxygenase of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | crystal structures of the ferric and ferrous heme complexes of hmuo, a 24-kda heme oxygenase of corynebacterium diphtheriae, have been refined to 1.4 and 1.5 a resolution, respectively. the hmuo structures show that the heme group is closely sandwiched between the proximal and distal helices. the imidazole group of his-20 is the proximal heme ligand, which closely eclipses the beta- and delta-meso axis of the porphyrin ring. a long range hydrogen bonding network is present, connecting the iron-b ... | 2004 | 14645223 |
| a polyketide synthase catalyzes the last condensation step of mycolic acid biosynthesis in mycobacteria and related organisms. | mycolic acids are major and specific constituents of the cell envelope of corynebacterineae, a suborder of bacterial species including several important human pathogens such as mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium leprae, or corynebacterium diphtheriae. these long-chain fatty acids are involved in the unusual architecture and impermeability of the cell envelope of these bacteria. the condensase, the enzyme responsible for the final condensation step in mycolic acid biosynthesis, has remaine ... | 2004 | 14695899 |
| electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with diphtheria: a prospective study. | to determine the incidence of and risk factors for electrocardiographic (ecg) abnormalities in adults with diphtheria. | 2004 | 14715320 |
| patterns of adherence to hep-2 cells and actin polymerisation by toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. | corynebacterium diphtheriae strains displayed different degrees of attachment to hep-2 cell monolayers with two distinct adherence patterns, termed localised (la) and diffuse (da). the la phenotype predominated over the da phenotype. the non-sucrose fermenting strains expressing da pattern adhered mostly with high index values (> or =10bact/cell). low adhesion index (<10bact/cell) was mainly observed among sucrose fermenting strains. the fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labelled phalloidin assa ... | 2004 | 14726229 |
| [corynebacterium diphtheriae nontoxigenic strain carrying the gene of diphtheria toxin]. | among 828 c. diphtheriae nontoxigenic cultures isolated in different region of russia in 1994-2002, 114 cultures (13.8%) had the gene of diphtheria toxin (gene tox) and were thus called nontoxigenic tox-carrying (nttc) strains. all nttc strains were found to belong to biovar mitis and formed neither normal, nor "defective" diphtheria toxin. the most of nttc strains (94%) belonged to ribotype "moskva", not occurring among c. diphtheriae toxigenic strains. the incapacity of nntc strains of forming ... | 2004 | 15024972 |
| analysis of genes that encode dtxr-like transcriptional regulators in pathogenic and saprophytic corynebacterial species. | metal-dependent transcriptional regulators of the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) family have been identified in a wide variety of bacterial genera, where they control gene expression in response to one of two metal ions, fe(2+) or mn(2+). dtxr of corynebacterium diphtheriae is the best characterized of these important metal-dependent regulators. the genus corynebacterium includes many phenotypically diverse species, and the prevalence of dtxr-like regulators within the genus is unknown. we as ... | 2004 | 15039307 |
| diphtheria remains a threat to health in the developing world--an overview. | changes in the epidemiology of diphtheria are occurring worldwide. a large proportion of adults in many industrialized and developing countries are now susceptible to diphtheria. vaccine-induced immunity wanes over time unless periodic booster is given or exposure to toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae occurs. immunity gap in adults coupled with large numbers of susceptible children creates the potential for new extensive epidemics. epidemic emergencies may not be long in coming in countries e ... | 2004 | 15049077 |
| international nomenclature for corynebacterium diphtheriae ribotypes. | the nomenclature of corynebacterium diphtheriae ribotypes is presented. a total of 86 ribotypes obtained after bsteii digestion were given a geographic name chosen to reflect the place where one of the strains was isolated or studied. | 2004 | 15059628 |
| antibody response to diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis immunization in preterm infants who receive dexamethasone for chronic lung disease. | to study the effect of dexamethasone in preterm infants with chronic lung disease (cld) on antibody response to routine immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (dtp). | 2004 | 15060220 |
| [evaluation of the reactogenicity and immunogenic potency of combined vaccine "bubo-kok" in the immunization of children against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and viral hepatitis b]. | combined vaccine "bubo-kok" is characterized by safety and high immunological activity. the number of postvaccinal reactions in children aged 1 and 2 years, immunized with vaccine "bubo-kok", was not statistically different from those in groups of children immunized with adsorbed dpt vaccine, as well with such vaccine in combination with vaccine against hepatitis b. after the completion of the primary course of immunization 100% of children had protective antibody titers against diphtheria, teta ... | 2004 | 15554315 |
| qualitative and quantitative analysis of bacterial aerosols. | the objective of this study was to investigate qualitatively and quantitatively the bacterial aerosols before, during, and after clinical work sessions in different areas within a multichair dental clinic, an isolation clinic, the sterilization center, and the prosthetic laboratory in the college of dentistry, king saud university. also, the contributions of aerosols generated by different types of dental procedures were investigated. air sampling using blood and heart infusion agar plates at fo ... | 2004 | 15558094 |
| zentralblatt für bakteriologie--100 years ago: the controversy diphtheria and pseudodiphtheria bacilli versus virulent and avirulent diphtheria bacilli. | 2004 | 15595385 | |
| imported cutaneous diphtheria, united kingdom. | cutaneous diphtheria is endemic in tropical countries but unusual in the united kingdom. four cases occurred in the united kingdom within 2 months in 2002. because cutaneous diphtheria causes outbreaks of both cutaneous and pharyngeal forms, early diagnosis is essential for implementing control measures; high diphtheria vaccination coverage must also be maintained. | 2004 | 15109425 |
| comparative cell wall core biosynthesis in the mycolated pathogens, mycobacterium tuberculosis and corynebacterium diphtheriae. | the recent determination of the complete genome sequence of corynebacterium diphtheriae, the aetiological agent of diphtheria, has allowed a detailed comparison of its physiology with that of its closest sequenced pathogenic relative mycobacterium tuberculosis. of major importance to the pathogenicity and resilience of the latter is its particularly complex cell envelope. the corynebacteria share many of the features of this extraordinary structure although to a lesser level of complexity. the c ... | 2004 | 15109786 |
| assembly of pili in gram-positive bacteria. | 2004 | 15120142 | |
| mixed regioselectivity in the arg-177 mutants of corynebacterium diphtheriae heme oxygenase as a consequence of in-plane heme disorder. | it has been reported that the r183e and r183d mutants of rat heme oxygenase-1 (r-ho-1) produce approximately 30% delta-biliverdin [zhou, h., et al. (2000) j. am. chem. soc. 122, 8311-8312]. two plausible mechanisms were proposed to explain the observations. (a) electrostatic repulsion between e183 (d183) and one of the heme propionates forces the heme to rotate, thereby placing the delta-meso carbon in a position that is susceptible to oxidation. (b) rearrangement of the distal pocket structure ... | 2004 | 15122888 |
| evolutionary process of amino acid biosynthesis in corynebacterium at the whole genome level. | corynebacterium glutamicum, which is the closest relative of corynebacterium efficiens, is widely used for the large scale production of many kinds of amino acids, particularly glutamic acid and lysine, by fermentation. corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is well known as a human pathogen, is also closely related to these two species of corynebacteria, but it lacks such productivity of amino acids. it is an important and interesting question to ask how those closely related bacterial species have ... | 2004 | 15163767 |
| spontaneous corynebacterium discitis in a patient with chronic renal failure. | case report describing spontaneous corynebacterium diptheria discitis in a patient with chronic renal failure. | 2004 | 15181448 |
| hutz is required for efficient heme utilization in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, requires iron for growth. one mechanism by which it acquires iron is the uptake of heme, and several heme utilization genes have been identified in v. cholerae. these include three distinct outer membrane receptors, two tonb systems, and an apparent abc transporter to transfer heme across the inner membrane. however, little is known about the fate of the heme after it enters the cell. in this report we show that a novel heme utilization protein, h ... | 2004 | 15205415 |
| sortases and pilin elements involved in pilus assembly of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | corynebacterium diphtheriae spaa pili are composed of three pilin subunits, spaa, spab and spac. spaa, the major pilin protein, is distributed uniformly along the pilus shaft, whereas spab is observed at regular intervals, and spac seems to be positioned at the pilus tip. pilus assembly in c. diphtheriae requires the pilin motif and the c-terminal sorting signal of spaa, and is proposed to occur by a mechanism of ordered cross-linking, whereby pilin-specific sortase enzymes cleave precursor prot ... | 2004 | 15225319 |
| 1h nmr characterization of the solution active site structure of substrate-bound, cyanide-inhibited heme oxygenase from neisseria meningitidis: comparison to crystal structures. | heme oxygenase, ho, from the pathogenic bacterium neisseria meningitidis catabolizes heme for the iron necessary for infection. the enzyme, labeled hemo, exhibits less sequence homology to mammalian ho than another studied ho from corynebacterium diphtheriae. solution 1h nmr has been utilized to define the active site molecular and electronic structure of the cyanide-inhibited, substrate-bound complex for comparison with those provided by several crystal structures. extensive assignments by sole ... | 2004 | 15287739 |
| comparative genomics identified two conserved dna modules in a corynebacterial plasmid family present in clinical isolates of the opportunistic human pathogen corynebacterium jeikeium. | investigation of 62 clinical isolates of the opportunistic human pathogen corynebacterium jeikeium revealed that 17 possessed plasmids ranging in size from 7.6 to 14.9 kb. the plasmids formed four groups on dna restriction analysis. the complete nucleotide sequence of a representative from each group (pk43, pk64, pcj84, and pb85766) was subsequently determined. additionally, two plasmids (pco455 and pco420) were shown to be derivatives of pk43 and pk64 carrying insertion sequences of the is3 fam ... | 2004 | 15336488 |
| internalization of non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae by cultured human respiratory epithelial cells. | although infection by corynebacterium diphtheriae is a model of extracellular mucosal pathogenesis, and diphtheria is one of the most worried diseases, this microorganism can be associated also with invasive infections such as endocarditis, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis. invasive infections are usually caused by non-toxigenic c. diphtheriae strains. over the last years severe pharyngitis/tonsillitis associated with the isolation of non-toxigenic c. diphtheriae have been described. penicill ... | 2004 | 15351033 |
| phages and the evolution of bacterial pathogens: from genomic rearrangements to lysogenic conversion. | comparative genomics demonstrated that the chromosomes from bacteria and their viruses (bacteriophages) are coevolving. this process is most evident for bacterial pathogens where the majority contain prophages or phage remnants integrated into the bacterial dna. many prophages from bacterial pathogens encode virulence factors. two situations can be distinguished: vibrio cholerae, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, corynebacterium diphtheriae, and clostridium botulinum depend on a specific p ... | 2004 | 15353570 |
| use of an oligonucleotide array for laboratory diagnosis of bacteria responsible for acute upper respiratory infections. | we developed a diagnostic array of oligonucleotide probes targeting species-specific variable regions of the genes encoding topoisomerases gyrb and pare of respiratory bacterial pathogens. suitable broad-range primer sequences were designed based on alignment of gyrb/pare sequences from nine different bacterial species. these species included corynebacterium diphtheriae, fusobacterium necrophorum, haemophilus influenzae, legionella pneumophila, moraxella catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, staph ... | 2004 | 15365022 |
| optimization of casein-based semisynthetic medium for growing of toxigenic corinebacterium diphtheriae in a fermenter. | diphtheria toxin is produced by growing corinebacterium diphtheriae either in a semisynthetic casein-based medium or in the pope-lingood meat extract based medium. the world health organization advises the use of the semisynthetic one, as it has important advantages. data on the composition of casein-based media and their ability to support high toxin production are not freely available. important factors affecting toxin production during c. diphtheriae cultivation are the ph of the culture medi ... | 2004 | 15644896 |
| prediction of dtxr regulon: identification of binding sites and operons controlled by diphtheria toxin repressor in corynebacterium diphtheriae. | the diphtheria toxin repressor, dtxr, of corynebacterium diphtheriae has been shown to be an iron-activated transcription regulator that controls not only the expression of diphtheria toxin but also of iron uptake genes. this study aims to identify putative binding sites and operons controlled by dtxr to understand the role of dtxr in patho-physiology of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 2004 | 15447793 |
| functional studies of the mycobacterium tuberculosis iron-dependent regulator. | the iron-dependent regulator (ider) protein in mycobacterium tuberculosis, and its better characterized homologue, the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) from corynebacterium diphtheriae, are iron-dependent regulatory proteins that control gene expression in response to iron availability in bacteria. ider regulates several genes required for iron uptake and storage including those involved in the synthesis of transition metal chelators called siderophores that are linked to the m. tuberculosis vi ... | 2004 | 15456786 |
| immunization responses in preterm infants who receive postnatal steroid treatment. | 2004 | 15466119 | |
| [properties of corynebacterium diphtheriae cultivated in the medium prepared from inedible raw materials]. | a nutrient medium for the cultivation of c. diphtheriae toxigenic strain was developed on the basis of raw materials unsuitable for use as foodstuffs and its main physico-chemical and cultivation properties were studied. the morphological, cultural, biochemical and toxigenic properties of c. diphtheriae cultivated in the experimental medium with horse serum were evaluated. as revealed in this study, c. diphtheriae retained their properties after prolonged cultivation and storage in the newly dev ... | 2004 | 15481931 |
| [blood antigens in the ab0 system and susceptibility of humans to diphtheria]. | the analysis of a large number of diphtheria cases (1326) at the peak of diphtheria morbidity in russia (1993-1994) revealed that the intensity of antidiphtheria antitoxic immunity was age-dependent with a sharp immunodeficiency in the population aged 35 years and older. as adaptive capacity of the organism decreases, the positive associative links between immunity to diphtheria and the ab0 blood groups become evident. populations with phenotype b (iii) had the largest diphtheria immune stratum ... | 2004 | 15481932 |
| crystal structure of the dioxygen-bound heme oxygenase from corynebacterium diphtheriae: implications for heme oxygenase function. | hmuo, a heme oxygenase of corynebacterium diphtheriae, catalyzes degradation of heme using the same mechanism as the mammalian enzyme. the oxy form of hmuo, the precursor of the catalytically active ferric hydroperoxo species, has been characterized by ligand binding kinetics, resonance raman spectroscopy, and x-ray crystallography. the oxygen association and dissociation rate constants are 5 microm(-1) s(-1) and 0.22 s(-1), respectively, yielding an o(2) affinity of 21 microm(-1), which is appr ... | 2004 | 14966119 |
| genetic and biophysical studies of diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) and the hyperactive mutant dtxr(e175k) support a multistep model of activation. | the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) from corynebacterium diphtheriae is the prototypic member of a superfamily of transition metal ion-activated transcriptional regulators that have been isolated from gram-positive prokaryotes. upon binding divalent transition metal ions, the n-terminal domain of dtxr undergoes a dynamic structural organization leading to homodimerization and target dna binding. we have used site-directed mutagenesis and nmr analysis to probe the mechanism by which apo-dtxr tr ... | 2004 | 14983039 |
| [pcr as an alternative method for detecting toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae]. | pcr standardization was performed in order to detect a fragment and a whole tox gene which is presented in all toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae. pcr is one of the least time-consuming methods for detection toxigenicity of c. diphtheriae strains near eia (enzyme immunoassay) and ics (immunochromatographic strip) tests. | 2004 | 15959987 |
| antimicrobial spectrum, production and mode of action of staphylococcin 188 produced by staphylococcus aureus 188. | staphylococcus aureus 188 has been shown to produce bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance known as staphylococcin 188. it has a broad-activity spectrum against micrococcus luteus, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus viridans, corynebacterium diphtheriae and several staphylococcus species. the arbitrary unit of staphylococcin 188 against micrococcus luteus was 1280 au/ml. its production with simultaneous measurement of activity was monitored and was found to produce ma ... | 2004 | 16414580 |
| anti-bacterial alkaloids of saracococca saligna. | the crude ethanolic extract of saracococca saligna was found to be cytotoxic and antibacterial but produced no platelet aggregation induced by adp. antibacterial activity of two known alkaloid, pachyaximine-a and saracodine was determined. pachyaximine-a possessed significant antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium pyrogenes. saracodme showed moderate activity against staphylococcus pyrogenes, escherichia coli, staph ... | 2005 | 16431389 |
| [an unusual course of invasive infection due to nontoxinogenic strain of corynebacterium diphtheriae.] | the authors report a case of complicated sepsis caused by nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae biotype gravis in a young immunocompetent female with no predisposing factors. she acquired the infection from her boyfriend, an asymptomatic carrier of nontoxigenic strain. the primary site of infection and subsequent sepsis was not identified. the occurence and importance of carriage and invasive infections caused by nontoxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae are discused. | 2005 | 16440286 |
| complete genome sequence and analysis of the multiresistant nosocomial pathogen corynebacterium jeikeium k411, a lipid-requiring bacterium of the human skin flora. | corynebacterium jeikeium is a "lipophilic" and multidrug-resistant bacterial species of the human skin flora that has been recognized with increasing frequency as a serious nosocomial pathogen. here we report the genome sequence of the clinical isolate c. jeikeium k411, which was initially recovered from the axilla of a bone marrow transplant patient. the genome of c. jeikeium k411 consists of a circular chromosome of 2,462,499 bp and the 14,323-bp bacteriocin-producing plasmid pkw4. the chromos ... | 2005 | 15968079 |
| in-vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic properties of sulfonamide--derived schiff's bases and their metal complexes. | a series of new antibacterial and antifungal schiff's bases derived from sulfonamides, as well as their transition metal complexes incorporating cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) were synthesized, characterized and screened for their in-vitro antibacterial activity against six gram-negative (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi and shigella dysentriae) and four gram-positive (bacillus cereus, corynebacterium diphth ... | 2005 | 15968823 |
| prevalence of fusobacterium necrophorum and other upper respiratory tract pathogens isolated from throat swabs. | fusobacterium necrophorum, an anaerobic, gram-negative rod, has been identified recently as a significant cause of persistent sore throat syndrome (psts). this disease is characterised by chronic, recurrent or persistent sore throat, which is believed to respond poorly to penicillin in vivo. the aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of f. necrophorum in all throat swabs received in our diagnostic microbiology department and to compare the results with those for other recognised respirat ... | 2005 | 15997879 |
| human clinical isolates of corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium ulcerans collected in canada from 1999 to 2003 but not fitting reporting criteria for cases of diphtheria. | a 5-year collection of corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium ulcerans human clinical isolates yielded nine isolates from blood cultures of patients with invasive infections, stressing the importance of c. diphtheriae as a serious blood-borne pathogen. seven percent of c. diphtheriae and 100% of c. ulcerans isolates produced diphtheria toxin, demonstrating that toxigenic corynebacteria continue to circulate. | 2005 | 16000474 |
| [immunological tests: corynebacterium diphtheriae, dephtheria toxin]. | 2005 | 16111218 | |
| both corynebacterium diphtheriae dtxr(e175k) and mycobacterium tuberculosis ider(d177k) are dominant positive repressors of ider-regulated genes in m. tuberculosis. | the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) is an important iron-dependent transcriptional regulator of known virulence genes in corynebacterium diphtheriae. the mycobacterial iron-dependent repressor (ider) is phylogenetically closely related to dtxr, with high amino acid similarity in the dna binding and metal ion binding site domains. we have previously shown that an iron-insensitive, dominant-positive dtxr(e175k) mutant allele from corynebacterium diphtheriae can be expressed in mycobacterium tube ... | 2005 | 16113319 |
| [characteristics of the antitoxic and antibacterial immune response in children with diphtheria]. | as found in this study, the development of the manifest forms of diphtheria occurred in the presence of lower levels of antitoxic antibodies, than bacterial carrier state. the level of antitoxic antibodies in all patients, irrespective of the time of their examination, was higher than that of antibacterial antibodies. in the dynamics of the disease a considerable increase in antitoxic and antibacterial antibodies was observed in localized and disseminated forms of diphtheria and, to a considerab ... | 2005 | 16146229 |
| the cgl2612 protein from corynebacterium glutamicum is a drug resistance-related transcriptional repressor: structural and functional analysis of a newly identified transcription factor from genomic dna analysis. | the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria often causes serious clinical problems. the tetr family is one of the major transcription factor families that regulate expression of genes involved in bacterial antimicrobial resistance systems. cgl2612 protein is a transcription factor newly identified by genomic dna analysis on corynebacterium glutamicum, which belongs to the mycolic acid-containing actinomycetales, including the well known pathogens corynebacterium diphtheriae and mycobacterium ... | 2005 | 16166084 |
| the arac-type regulator ripa represses aconitase and other iron proteins from corynebacterium under iron limitation and is itself repressed by dtxr. | the mrna level of the aconitase gene acn of corynebacterium glutamicum is reduced under iron limitation. here we show that an arac-type regulator, termed ripa for "regulator of iron proteins a," is involved in this type of regulation. a c. glutamicum deltaripa mutant has a 2-fold higher aconitase activity than the wild type under iron limitation, but not under iron excess. comparison of the mrna profiles of the deltaripa mutant and the wild type revealed that the acn mrna level was increased in ... | 2005 | 16179344 |
| prevalence of igg diphtheria antitoxin in blood donors in rio de janeiro. | the lack of information on the immunity of adults in brazil against diphtheria prompted us to analyse sera from 234 blood donors aged 18-61 years (30.3% females and 69.7% males). igg diphtheria antitoxin levels determined by means of an elisa, validated by toxin neutralization test in vero cells, showed that 30.7% (95% ci 25.0-37.1) of the population was fully protected (>or=1 iu/ml). the highest percentage of subjects fully protected was in the 31-40 years age group. most of the subjects with u ... | 2005 | 16181513 |
| in-vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of some coumarins and their metal complexes. | a series of new antibacterial and antifungal coumarin-derived compounds and their transition metal complexes [cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii)] have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae, bacillus cereus, corynebacterium diphtheriae, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes bacterial strains ... | 2005 | 16206827 |
| analysis of a heme-dependent signal transduction system in corynebacterium diphtheriae: deletion of the chras genes results in heme sensitivity and diminished heme-dependent activation of the hmuo promoter. | the corynebacterium diphtheriae hmuo gene encodes a heme oxygenase that is involved in the utilization of heme as an iron source. transcription of hmuo is activated by heme or hemoglobin and repressed by iron and dtxr. previous studies with escherichia coli showed that heme-dependent transcriptional activation of an hmuo promoter-lacz fusion was dependent on the cloned c. diphtheriae chra and chrs genes (chras), which encode the response regulator and sensor kinase, respectively, of a two-compon ... | 2005 | 16239540 |
| respiratory diphtheria among highly vaccinated military trainees in latvia: improved protection from dt compared with td booster vaccination. | an outbreak of respiratory diphtheria occurred among highly-vaccinated trainees at a latvian military academy in august-september 2000. we reviewed immunization, clinical and laboratory records and administered a questionnaire to obtain data on exposure factors. among 207 trainees, 45 (22%) diphtheria cases and 79 (38%) carriers of toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae were identified. all patients survived; 1 had severe myocarditis. sharing cups was a risk factor for infection. over 85% of trai ... | 2005 | 16308214 |
| in-vitro antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes of the antibiotic drug cephalothin (keflin). | keflin (kefl) interacts with co(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii) and zn(ii) metal ions leading to complexes of the type m(kefl)2cl2 and m(kefl)cl2, which have been characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. magnetic moment, ir, electronic spectral and elemental analyses data suggest that keflin behaves tridentately forming octahedral or trigonal bipyramidal complexes with the metal ions mentioned above. the new compounds have been screened in-vitro for antibacterial and cytotoxic activity ag ... | 2005 | 16335054 |
| mechanism of metal ion activation of the diphtheria toxin repressor dtxr. | the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) is a metal ion-activated transcriptional regulator that has been linked to the virulence of corynebacterium diphtheriae. structure determination has shown that there are two metal ion binding sites per repressor monomer, and site-directed mutagenesis has demonstrated that binding site 2 (primary) is essential for recognition of the target dna repressor, leaving the role of binding site 1 (ancillary) unclear. calorimetric techniques have demonstrated that alt ... | 2005 | 16352732 |
| [modulation of molecular signaling mechanisms in excitable cells by toxins and bacterial substances]. | the mechanisms of bacterial substances (protein a, peptidoglican staphylococcus aureus), bacterium toxins (st. aureus, corynebacterium diphtheriae, shigella dysenteriae, clostridium botulinum, clostridium tetani, vibrio choleral), transfer factor of immune reactivity to staphylococcus aureus upon the key link (acetylcholine-, atp-, inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate-, ryanodin-sensitive receptors, g-proteins, ca2+, k(+)-transporting systems, second messengers) in the chain of signal conduction of excit ... | 2005 | 16566125 |
| roles of distal asp in heme oxygenase from corynebacterium diphtheriae, hmuo: a water-driven oxygen activation mechanism. | heme oxygenases found in mammals, plants, and bacteria catalyze degradation of heme using the same mechanism. roles of distal asp (asp-136) residue in hmuo, a heme oxygenase of corynebacterium diphtheriae, have been investigated by site-directed mutagenesis, enzyme kinetics, resonance raman spectroscopy, and x-ray crystallography. replacements of the asp-136 by ala and phe resulted in reduced heme degradation activity due to the formation of ferryl heme, showing that the distal asp is critical i ... | 2005 | 15528205 |
| classical diphtheria caused by corynebacterium ulcerans in germany: amino acid sequence differences between diphtheria toxins from corynebacterium diphtheriae and c. ulcerans. | 2005 | 15655760 | |
| novel potentiometric immunosensor for determination of diphtheria antigen based on compound nanoparticles and bilayer two-dimensional sol-gel as matrices. | a novel method for fabrication of a diphtheria potentiometric immunosensor has been developed by means of self-assembling compound nanoparticles to a thiol-containing sol-gel network. a cleaned gold electrode was first immersed in a 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (mps) sol-gel solution to assemble a silica sol-gel monolayer. the silane entities were then polymerized into a two-dimensional sol-gel network (2d network) by dipping into aqueous naoh. the second silane layer was formed by re-immers ... | 2005 | 15657709 |
| analysis of truncated variants of the iron dependent transcriptional regulators from corynebacterium diphtheriae and mycobacterium tuberculosis. | iron dependent regulatory proteins of the diphtheria toxin repressor family regulate transcription in a variety of bacterial species. these regulators have three domains. domains 1 and 2 are required for dna- and metal-binding while the role of the third domain is only partially defined. we compared full-length and carboxyl-terminally truncated variants of corynebacterium diphtheriae dtxr and mycobacterium tuberculosis ider for recognition by antibodies, dna binding, and repressor activity. the ... | 2005 | 15667993 |
| cardiac troponin i release in non-ischemic reversible myocardial injury from acute diphtheric myocarditis. | cardiac troponins are highly specific markers of myocardial injury. it has been suggested that, unlike other markers of myocardial injury, troponins could be released in reversible myocardial injury and the myocardial necrosis does not have to occur for troponins to be released from myocytes. reversibly injury related changes in myocyte membrane are considered sufficient for the release of cardiac troponins from the free cytosolic pool, whereas in case of irreversible myocardial injury the sourc ... | 2005 | 15686793 |
| long-term treatment of atopic dermatitis with pimecrolimus cream 1% in infants does not interfere with the development of protective antibodies after vaccination. | we investigated whether treatment of atopic dermatitis with pimecrolimus cream 1% in infants affects the development of a normal antibody response to vaccinations. | 2005 | 15692469 |
| skin ulcers in a returned traveller. | 2005 | 15721480 | |
| imported cutaneous diphtheria, germany, 1997-2003. | 2005 | 15759338 | |
| [specific antibodies and their role in the formation of antidiphtheria immunity]. | in human sera, studied with the use of the enzyme immunoassay, antidiphtheria postvaccinal antitoxic igg and naturally acquired antibacterial igg, igm and iga were detected. in the blood of children and adults aged up to 50 years antitoxic igg were present at normal and high concentrations. in 50% of children antibacterial iga were absent, while specific antibacterial igm could be found at high concentrations. changes in the content of antibacterial antibodies of different classes in sera were o ... | 2005 | 15773398 |
| efficient discrimination within a corynebacterium diphtheriae epidemic clonal group by a novel macroarray-based method. | a large diphtheria epidemic in the 1990s in russia and neighboring countries was caused by a clonal group of closely related corynebacterium diphtheriae strains (ribotypes sankt-peterburg and rossija). in the recently published complete genome sequence of c. diphtheriae strain nctc13129, representative of the epidemic clone (a. m. cerdeno-tarraga et al., nucleic acids res. 31:6516-6523, 2003), we identified in silico two direct repeat (dr) loci 39 kb downstream and 180 kb upstream of the oric re ... | 2005 | 15814981 |
| infections with corynebacterium diphtheriae: six years' experience at an inner london teaching hospital. | recently, a preponderance of non-toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae has been reported, as has the broadening spectrum of disease caused by these strains. this study presents data on 85 isolates of c. diphtheriae over a six year period (1998-2003). eighty were non-toxigenic isolates from patients with sore throat, and five (one toxigenic) were from cutaneous ulcers in travellers returning from endemic areas. when examined in relation to denominator data provided by the health protec ... | 2005 | 15816203 |
| sequence of ligand binding and structure change in the diphtheria toxin repressor upon activation by divalent transition metals. | the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) is an fe(ii)-activated transcriptional regulator of iron homeostatic and virulence genes in corynebacterium diphtheriae. dtxr is a two-domain protein that contains two structurally and functionally distinct metal binding sites. here, we investigate the molecular steps associated with activation by ni(ii)cl(2) and cd(ii)cl(2). equilibrium binding energetics for ni(ii) were obtained from isothermal titration calorimetry, indicating apparent metal dissociation ... | 2005 | 15823025 |
| microbiological analysis of chronic dacryocystitis. | to investigate the microbiology of specimens from patients with chronic dacryocystitis. | 2005 | 15854074 |
| the first case of septicemia due to nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae in poland: case report. | toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae are well known agent of diphtheria. nontoxigenic strains can cause atypical course of the disease. invasive diseases caused by c. diphtheriae occur very rare. | 2005 | 15876349 |
| [resistance to a causative agent of infection and immune response]. | an analytical literature review dealing with the problems of resistance to causative agents of infections. the review includes the data of experimental research, as well as the author's own immunological studies in children at the clinic of acute infections. mechanisms of resistance at different phases of the infectious process, the multivalued role of th1- and th2-dependent responses in different infections, the role of vaccinal immunity in the resistance of children to the causative agents of ... | 2005 | 15881954 |
| in vitro pyrogenicity of the diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis components of a trivalent vaccine. | we have earlier found that a trivalent vaccine, containing antigenic components from both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, induced secretion of the endogenous pyrogen interleukin 6 (il-6) when added to fresh human blood in vitro. the results of the present study showed that the il-6 secretion was induced by toxoids derived from the gram-positive bacterium corynebacterium diphtheriae. however, fresh whole blood from different donors reacted differently to the stimulation. the blood from ... | 2005 | 15882532 |
| eagle effect in corynebacterium diphtheriae. | the in vivo relevance of the paradoxical bactericidal effect (the eagle effect) is not evident. we found in vitro a paradoxical bactericidal effect of amoxicillin on 2 strains of nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae. then, using an experimental rabbit model of endocarditis, we evaluated the in vivo relevance of this phenomenon. rabbits were assigned to the following groups: no treatment (control group), continuous amoxicillin infusion simulating a dosage of 200 mg/kg/day in humans, and conti ... | 2005 | 15897998 |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae endocarditis--surgery for some but not all! | corynebacterium diphtheriae endocarditis was thought to be a rare disease. we reviewed our experience in four cases of this disease treated over a period of 10 years. seventy cases reported in literature were reviewed. the outcome is good if cases are carefully selected for medical or surgical treatment. we conclude that infective endocarditis due to c. diphtheriae, is perhaps more common than expected. it may be recognized more frequently and on occasion may be an aggressive disease. those pati ... | 2005 | 15905338 |
| immunogenicity of routine vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, and haemophilus influenzae type b in asian infants born in the united kingdom. | to determine the immunogenicity of routine vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) in asian infants born in the uk, and whether maternal antibody suppression occurs. | 2005 | 15908622 |
| the individual and common repertoire of dna-binding transcriptional regulators of corynebacterium glutamicum, corynebacterium efficiens, corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium jeikeium deduced from the complete genome sequences. | the genus corynebacterium includes gram-positive microorganisms of great biotechnologically importance, such as corynebacterium glutamicum and corynebacterium efficiens, as well as serious human pathogens, such as corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium jeikeium. although genome sequences of the respective species have been determined recently, the knowledge about the repertoire of transcriptional regulators and the architecture of global regulatory networks is scarce. here, we apply a c ... | 2005 | 15938759 |
| prolylpeptide binding by the prokaryotic sh3-like domain of the diphtheria toxin repressor: a regulatory switch. | diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) regulates the expression of iron-sensitive genes in corynebacterium diphtheriae, including the diphtheria toxin gene. dtxr contains an n-terminal metal- and dna-binding domain that is connected by a proline-rich flexible peptide segment (pr) to a c-terminal src homology 3 (sh3)-like domain. we determined the solution structure of the intramolecular complex formed between the proline-rich segment and the sh3-like domain by use of nmr spectroscopy. the structure o ... | 2005 | 15628844 |
| analysis of a dtxr-regulated iron transport and siderophore biosynthesis gene cluster in corynebacterium diphtheriae. | this report describes a genetic locus associated with siderophore biosynthesis and transport in corynebacterium diphtheriae. a blast search of the c. diphtheriae genome identified a seven-gene cluster that included four genes, designated ciua, ciub, ciuc, and ciud, whose predicted products are related to abc-type iron transporters. downstream from ciud is the ciue gene, whose predicted product is similar to the aerobactin biosynthetic enzymes iuca and iucc. the ciue protein, which has a predicte ... | 2005 | 15629913 |
| the acyl-amp ligase fadd32 and accd4-containing acyl-coa carboxylase are required for the synthesis of mycolic acids and essential for mycobacterial growth: identification of the carboxylation product and determination of the acyl-coa carboxylase components. | mycolic acids are major and specific long-chain fatty acids of the cell envelope of several important human pathogens such as mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. leprae, and corynebacterium diphtheriae. their biosynthesis is essential for mycobacterial growth and represents an attractive target for developing new antituberculous drugs. we have previously shown that the pks13 gene encodes condensase, the enzyme that performs the final condensation step of mycolic acid biosynthesis and is flanked by tw ... | 2005 | 15632194 |
| molecular characterization of diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) genes present in nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in the united kingdom. | nontoxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae represent a potential reservoir for the emergence of toxigenic c. diphtheriae strains if they possessed functional diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) genes. we studied the predominant strain of nontoxigenic c. diphtheriae circulating in the united kingdom to see if they possessed dtxr genes and ascertain whether they were functional. a total of 26 nontoxigenic c. diphtheriae strains isolated in the united kingdom during 1995 and 4 nontoxigenic s ... | 2005 | 15634975 |
| upper respiratory tract and cutaneous diphtheria. | with the global immunization programme of children there is a progressive decline in the number of diphtheria cases. it is a disease commonly affecting the children caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae usually affecting the mucous membrane of the nose, pharynx or larynx. cutaneous diphtheria is a rare entity. we present a rare case of cutaneous diphtheria in a 15-year-old boy with nasal pharyngeal and laryngeal involvement. the patient developed anaphylactic reaction to antidiphtheritic serum ( ... | 2005 | 23120183 |
| infections with corynebacterium diphtheriae: six years' experience at an inner london teaching hospital. | recently, a preponderance of non-toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae has been reported, as has the broadening spectrum of disease caused by these strains. this study presents data on 85 isolates of c. diphtheriae over a six year period (1998-2003). eighty were non-toxigenic isolates from patients with sore throat, and five (one toxigenic) were from cutaneous ulcers in travellers returning from endemic areas. when examined in relation to denominator data provided by the health protec ... | 2005 | 28696916 |
| prevalence of fusobacterium necrophorum and other upper respiratory tract pathogens isolated from throat swabs. | fusobacterium necrophorum, an anaerobic, gram-negative rod, has been identified recently as a significant cause of persistent sore throat syndrome (psts). this disease is characterised by chronic, recurrent or persistent sore throat, which is believed to respond poorly to penicillin in vivo. the aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of f. necrophorum in all throat swabs received in our diagnostic microbiology department and to compare the results with those for other recognised respirat ... | 2005 | 28705126 |
| a comparative study on the effect of plant extracts with the antibiotics on organisms of hospital origin. | thirty five plants belonging to twenty families were studied for their antimicrobial activity. among the plants tested, 43 % showed antimicrobial activity. fifteen plants belonging to 10 families exhibited activity against gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria. four plants namely azadirachta indica, garadenia jasminoides, magnifera indica, and wrightia tinctora showed an appreciable activity against the gram positive bacteria and seven plants against gram negative organisms. leaf ext ... | 2006 | 22557227 |
| mn(ii) binding by the anthracis repressor from bacillus anthracis. | the anthracis repressor (antr) is a manganese-activated transcriptional regulator from bacillus anthracis and is a member of the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) family of proteins. in this paper, we characterize the mn(ii) binding and protein dimerization state using a combination of continuous wave (cw) and pulsed epr methods. equilibrium metal binding experiments showed that antr binds 2 equivalents of mn(ii) with positive cooperativity and apparent dissociation constants of 210 and 16.6 mic ... | 2006 | 16566604 |
| in vitro antibacterial, antifungal & cytotoxic activity of some isonicotinoylhydrazide schiff's bases and their cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes. | isonicotinoylhydrazide schiff's bases formed by the reaction of substituted and unsubstituted furyl-2-carboxaldehyde and thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde with isoniazid and, their co (ii), cu (ii), ni (ii) and zn (ii) complexes have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae, bacillus cereus, corynebac ... | 2006 | 16570512 |
| the dtxr regulon of corynebacterium glutamicum. | previous studies with corynebacterium diphtheriae and mycobacterium species revealed that the transcriptional regulator dtxr and its ortholog ider play a central role in the control of iron metabolism. in the present work, we used genome-based approaches to determine the dtxr regulon of corynebacterium glutamicum, a nonpathogenic relative of c. diphtheriae. first, global gene expression of a dtxr deletion mutant was compared with that of the wild type using dna microarrays. second, we used a com ... | 2006 | 16585752 |
| transcription of the contiguous sigb, dtxr, and gale genes in corynebacterium diphtheriae: evidence for multiple transcripts and regulation by environmental factors. | the iron-dependent transcriptional regulator dtxr from corynebacterium diphtheriae is the prototype for a family of metal-dependent regulators found in diverse bacterial species. the structure of dtxr and its action as a repressor have been extensively characterized, but little is known about expression of dtxr. in the current study, we investigated transcription of dtxr as well as the sigb and gale genes located immediately upstream and downstream from dtxr, respectively. we identified two prom ... | 2006 | 16585757 |
| in vivo effect of carbon dioxide laser-skin resurfacing and mechanical abrasion on the skin's microbial flora in an animal model. | although beam-scanning carbon dioxide (co2) lasers have provided a highly efficient tool for esthetic skin rejuvenation there has been no comprehensive animal studies looking into microbial skin changes following co2 laser skin resurfacing. | 2006 | 16640679 |
| diphtheria vaccine. | 2006 | 16671240 | |
| emergence of an invasive clone of nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae in the urban poor population of vancouver, canada. | invasive disease due to corynebacterium diphtheriae is rare in north america. here we describe the emergence of a predominant clone of a nontoxigenic strain of c. diphtheriae in the impoverished population of vancouver's downtown core. this clone has caused significant morbidity and contributed to at least two deaths. over a 5-year period, seven cases of bacteremia due to c. diphtheriae were detected in patients admitted to vancouver hospitals. injection drug use, diabetes mellitus, skin coloniz ... | 2006 | 16672385 |
| stealth and mimicry by deadly bacterial toxins. | diphtheria toxin and exotoxin a are well-characterized members of the adp-ribosyltransferase toxin family that function as virulence factors in the pathogenic bacteria corynebacterium diphtheriae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. recent high-resolution structural data of the michaelis (enzyme-substrate) complex of the p. aeruginosa toxin with an nad(+) analog and eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eef2) have provided insights into the mechanism of inactivation of protein synthesis caused by these protein ... | 2006 | 16406634 |
| the life and death of translation elongation factor 2. | eef2 (eukaryotic elongation factor 2) occupies an essential role in protein synthesis where it catalyses the translocation of the two trnas and the mrna after peptidyl transfer on the 80 s ribosome. recent crystal structures of eef2 and the cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of its 80 s complex now provide a substantial structural framework for dissecting the functional properties of this factor. the factor can be modified by either phosphorylation or adp-ribosylation, which results in cess ... | 2006 | 16246167 |
| assembly of distinct pilus structures on the surface of corynebacterium diphtheriae. | different surface organelles contribute to specific interactions of a pathogen with host tissues or infectious partners. multiple pilus gene clusters potentially encoding different surface structures have been identified in several gram-positive bacterial genomes sequenced to date, including actinomycetales, clostridia, corynebacteria, and streptococci. corynebacterium diphtheriae has been shown to assemble a pilus structure, with sortase srta essential for the assembly of a major subunit spaa a ... | 2006 | 16452436 |
| the dtxr protein acting as dual transcriptional regulator directs a global regulatory network involved in iron metabolism of corynebacterium glutamicum. | the knowledge about complete bacterial genome sequences opens the way to reconstruct the qualitative topology and global connectivity of transcriptional regulatory networks. since iron is essential for a variety of cellular processes but also poses problems in biological systems due to its high toxicity, bacteria have evolved complex transcriptional regulatory networks to achieve an effective iron homeostasis. here, we apply a combination of transcriptomics, bioinformatics, in vitro assays, and ... | 2006 | 16469103 |
| [immunoloical aspects of the antropogenic response to the antigens of symbiotic non-toxigenic diphtherial corynebacteria]. | corynebacteria, being ancient symbionts of open cavities of human body, carry unique, balanced immunogenic stimuli, formed in the process of evolution, thus maintaining non-specific resistance at a certain level. they favor formation of human microcenotic communities as a normal biological and physiological phenomenon. codivak, a preparation of natural antigens of a symbiotic strain of non-toxigenic diphtherial corynebacteria, is able to correct not only disturbances of oropharyngeal immunity, b ... | 2006 | 16496952 |
| corynebacterial protein kinase g controls 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activity via the phosphorylation status of the odhi protein. | a novel regulatory mechanism for control of the ubiquitous 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (odh), a key enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, was discovered in the actinomycete corynebacterium glutamicum, a close relative of important human pathogens like corynebacterium diphtheriae and mycobacterium tuberculosis. based on the finding that a c. glutamicum mutant lacking serine/threonine protein kinase g (pkng) was impaired in glutamine utilization, proteome comparisons led to the identifi ... | 2006 | 16522631 |