Publications

effect of klebsiella pneumoniae enterotoxin on intestinal transport in the rat.	the effects on intestinal transport of either a semipurified preparation of enterotoxin elaborated by klebsiella pneumoniae or similaryly prepared control material were tested by marker perfusion studies in the small intestine of rats. at a concentration of 2 mg/ml, the enterotoxin produced net secretion of water, na, and cl in both jejunal and ileal segments; hco3 transport was not affected. net secretion was evident within 30 min after intorduction of the toxin and was maximal after 90 min. th ...	1975	169297
proceedings: heterogeneity of enterotoxin-like protein extracted from spores of clostridium perfringens type a.		1975	169416
reduction of clostridium perfringens by feed additive antibiotics in the ceca of chickens infected with eimeria tenella.	two experiments were performed ot investigate the effect of feed additive antibiotics on clostridium perfringens and enterobacteriaceae in the ceca of chickens infected with eimeria tenella. in the first experiment, chickens were continuously fed rations containing thiopeptin, 2 mg./kg.; bacitracin, 20 mg./kg.; penicillin, 12 mg./kg.; or chlortetracycline, 22 mg./kg. one day after antibiotic feed was given, each bird received an oral inoculation of 30,000 e. tenella oocysts. the growth of c. per ...	1975	169521
recent developments in immunization against diarrheal diseases.		1975	169592
[sporulation and related problems in clostridium perfringens. physiopathological implications for food poisoning].		1975	169617
[analysis of the oncolytic properties of clostridium perfringens. use of an attenuated mutant and ehrlich solid carcinoma].		1975	169620
[inter- and intraspecific relationship between bacterial hemolysins. iii. identification of masked toxins in the exotoxin complex of staphylococcus pyogenes und cl. perfringens; significance of their existence for clarifying of the masking mechanism].		1975	169656
anaerobic infections.		1975	169694
survival of human enteric and other sewage microorganisms under simulated deep-sea conditions.	the survival of pure cultures of escherichia coli, streptococcus faecalis, clostridium perfringens, and vibrio parahaemolyticus under simulated deep-sea conditions of low temperature (4 c), seawater, and hydrostatic pressures ranging from 1 to 1,000 atm was determined over a period exceeding 300 h. the viability of e. coli and total aerobic bacteria in seawater-diluted raw sewage subjected to these deep-sea conditions was also measured. there was a greater survival of both e. coli and s. faecali ...	1975	169733
inhibition of clostridium botulinum by strains of clostridium perfringens isolated from soil.	thirty-one soil samples were examined for the presence of organisms capable of inhibiting growth and toxin production of strains of clostridium botulinum type a. such organisms were found in eight samples of soil. inhibiting strains of c. perfringens were found in five samples, of c. sporogenes in three and of bacillus cereus in three. three of the c. perfringens strains produced an inhibitor effective on all 11 strains of c. botulinum type a against which they were tested, seven of eight proteo ...	1975	169734
the sterilization of gutta-percha points.	the traditional methods employed for the sterilization of gutta-percha points are unsatisfactory. the use of propylene oxide for this purpose is described and experimental evidence is advanced to support this use.	1975	169776
organization of phospholipids in human red cell membranes as detected by the action of various purified phospholipases.	1. the action of eight purified phospholipases on intact human erythrocytes has been investigated. four enzymes, e.g. phospholipases a2 from pancreas and crotalus adamanteus, phospholipase c from bacillus cereus, and phospholipase d from cabbage produce neither haemolysis nor hydrolysis of phospholipids in intact cells. on the other hand, both phospholipases a2 from bee venom and naja naja cause a non-haemolytic breakdown of more than 50% of the lecithin, while sphingomyelinase c from staphyloco ...	1975	169915
fatal clostridium welchii septicaemia following acute cholecystitis.	a case of clostridium welchii septicaemia following acute cholecystitis is described. the onset was acute and a rapidly fatal outcome ensued. radiological findings were negative. an approach to the antibiotic treatment and general management is discussed.	1975	169938
[nitrosoguanidine-induced attenuated clostridium perfringens type a mutant in gas gangrene].	a fully virulent classical type a strain of clostridium perfringens was treated during its logarithmic growth phase with 100 mug/ml of n-méthyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine, the bacteria being exposed to the mutagen for 30 min at 37 degrees c in a phosphate buffer adjusted to ph 6.2; after treatment the suspension was streaked on sheep blood agar plates, and colonies that showed an alteration in the theta-hemolysis pattern were selected for isolation. the virulence of two mutants, thus altered in ...	1975	169977
affinity chromatography purification of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.	anti-enterotoxin immunoglobulins immobilized on ch-sepharose or cnbr-sepharose were used for affinity chromatography purification of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. cell extracts containing enterotoxin or partially purified toxin preparations were applied to the column and nonspecifically-bound protein was eluted. naoh was used to elute specifically bound toxin. the purity of enterotoxin purified by sephadex g-100 chromatography followed by affinity chromatography appears similar to toxin ...	1975	170205
[mutation of type d strain of clostridium perfringens treated with acriflavine].		1975	170432
[characteristics and types of clostridium perfringens derived from various animals].		1975	170433
extracellular proteins in five clostridial species from human infections.	347 strains from human infections were identified by gas-liquid chromatography of metabolic products and by conventional tests. simple agar-plate assays were used to analyze the ability to form extracellular proteins. more than 90% of all strains were hemolytic on agar containing rabbit erythrocytes and all were gelatinase producers. all strains of c. bifermantans, c. sordelli, and c. sporogenes were also caseinolytic on skimmed-milk agar, but strains of c. perfringens, c. novyi types a and b we ...	1975	170498
food poisoning--four unusual episodes.	four unusual outbreaks of food poisoning occurring in the dunedin health district during the period 1971-1973 are described. these involved a contaminated cordial, a death associated with a clostridium perfringens outbreak, salmonellosis and infectious hepatitis in persons eating uncooked shellfish and symptoms associated with the ingestion of a normally edible fish--the trumpeter.	1975	170567
antibiotic susceptibility of clostridium species isolated from human infections.	in antibacterial susceptibility testing by the agar plate dilution method with 252 strains of clostridium perfringens, 22 strains of c. novyi type a and 7 of c. novyi type b, with 21 strains of c. bifermentans, 12 strains of c. sordellii and 18 of c. sporogenes, the majority of the strains were inhibited by penicillin g, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tinidazole and metronidazole. resistance to lincomycin and clindamycin was noticed among strains of all clostridia species as well as ...	1975	170668
regression line analysis for five antibiotics with strains of clostridium species.	the susceptibility of 90 strains of clostridia to 5 antibacterials was determined by the agar plate dilution method and the disc diffusion test. the correlations between minimum inhibitory concentration and inhibition zone were quite acceptable for lincomycin, clindamycin, tetracycline and doxycycline to calculate regression lines by the least square method. the strains showed comparatively wide ranges of susceptibility. for erythromycin, no regression line could be calculated, since all the str ...	1975	170669
[early bacteriological diagnosis of infections after osteosynthesis (author's transl)].	postoperative infections after osteosynthesis belong to the most serious complications in traumatology. efforts to prevent this danger by routine antibiotic prophylaxis are mainly rejected nowadays. instead, it is studies whether infections can be diagnosed by bacteriological culture of secretions from redon drains in patients with osteosynthesis for the purpose of starting an early specific antibiotic therapy. bacteria were cultured from secretions of wounds in 11.3% of samples from 177 patient ...	1975	170760
[rifampicin effectiveness in experimental anaerobic gas infection].	the inhibitory effect of rifampicin against most of 82 strains of pathogenic clostridia was evident at a concentration of less than 0.1 gamma/ml. the bactericidal concentrations were close to the bacteriostatic ones with respect to 74 strains. the protective effect of rifampicin in mice with experimental anaerobic gaseous infaction caused by different species of pathogenic clostridia was evident at doses of 0.5 mg/kg. in infections caused by associations of clostridia and staph. aureus resistant ...	1975	170854
infrared linear dichroism investigations of deoxyribonucleic acid complexes with poly(l-arginine) and poly(l-lysine).	complexes between dnas from various sources and poly(l-lysine) and poly(l-arginine) were studied by means of infrared linear dichroism. the measurements of dichroic ratios allowed us to determine the orientation of the phosphate group of dna in the complexes with basic polypeptides. at high relative humidities (higher than 90%, b form), the bisector of the less than opo in the complexes forms an angle with respect to the helical axis which has a value lower by about 4 degrees than in the corresp ...	1975	170956
classification of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases based on 18o retention in the cleavage reaction.	oxygen (18) was used as a mechanistic probe in the investigation of several different sources of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolases (ec 4.1.2.13) which, due to differences in some physical and chemical properties, could not be clearly put in either class i or class ii. aldolases may be identified as belonging to a particular class on the basis of the amount of 180 retained in the dihydroxyacetone phosphate produced in the cleavage of [2-oxygen (18)] fructose 1,6-biphosphate. the mechanism of cl ...	1975	170973
the activation of phospholipase c from clostridium welchii by quinine: an absolute requirement for calcium ions.	quinine activates the hydrolysis of phosphatidyl choline suspensions by phospholipase c (e.c. 3.1.4.3) obtained from clostridium welchii. low levels of calcium are an absolute requirement for this activation: mg2+, ba2+, sr2+, and zn2+ are ineffective. the induction period, or lag phase for this enzyme is dependent upon both calcium concentration and substrate interfacial surface area. at low concentrations (less then 50 mum) calcium ions affect the induction period but not the maximal rate of h ...	1975	171093
purification and characterization of neuraminidase from clostridium perfringens.	clostridium perfringens cells were cultivated on a large scale using an automatic system. neuraminidase secreted by the cells into the culture medium was purified 380 000-fold by: precipitation with ammonium sulfate between 50 and 85% saturation, filtration on sephadex g-75, electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, and by isoelectric focusing. three enzyme fractions with different migration rates were obtained by preparative disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, and five fractions with isoel ...	1975	171212
[studies on clostridium perfringens as a causative organism of food poisoning. 3. growth pattern of clostridium perfringens in food].		1975	171326
effect of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin on the blood brain barrier of mice.	it was shown that clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin has the effect of allowing the passage of 125i polyvinyl-pyrrolidone and 125i human serum albumin into mouse brain. these substances did not enter the brains of normal control mice. the passage of albumin into the brains of mice poisoned with epsilon toxin was extremely rapid. when large doses of toxin (+/-4 000 mld) were given death ensued within 2-3 min at which stage 1,5% of the injected albumin had already entered the brain. in cases wh ...	1975	171606
a new criterion for implicating clostridium perfringens as the cause of food poisoning.		1975	171713
[transferrin variants: significance and identification in paternity cases (author's transl)].	transferrin phenotypes were determined in 3380 sera of unrelated persons of the western region of germany with 97.60 percent for tfc and 2.40 percent for tf variants. identification was achieved by immunochemical means or through autoradiography. relative mobilities in some variants were measured using tf b2c (0.7) as reference. application of tf variants is demonstrated in paternity cases.	1975	171873
necrotizing pneumonia and empyema due to clostridium perfringens. report of a case and review of the literature.	clostridia are rare causes of pleuropulmonary infections in the absence of penetrating chest injuries; only 10 previous cases have been reported from civilian practice. an additional case of a rapidly progressive, necrotizing pneumonia and empyema is reported. clostridial pneumonia is more likely to occur in patients with underlying pleuropulmonary disease. unlike clostridial myonecrosis, it is rarely associated with toxemia; its mortality rate is comparable to that of nonclostridial pleuropulmo ...	1975	171947
on the aetiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.		1975	172002
unique bactericidal action of metronidazole against bacteroides fragilis and clostridium perfringens.	the comparative bactericidal activity of penicillin g, carbenicillin, clindamycin, and metronidazole against eight susceptible strains of bacteroides fragilis and four strains of clostridium perfringens was determined by performing colony counts anaerobically of cultures incubated in brucella broth. with the b. fragilis strains, there was a lag phase of growth of approximately 8 h, during which time metronidazole did not reduce the colony counts. however, within 4 h of the onset of exponential g ...	1975	172007
solid-phase radioimmunoassays for quantitative antibody determination of clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin.	two reversed solid-phase radioimmunoassays were developed for quantitative determination of antibodies against clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin. 125i-labeled prototoxin was used in the bromoacetylcellulose-bound antibody method and in the antibody-coated tube method. the antibody values which can be detected by the assays are in the range of 0.004 iu/ml of investigated serum. the methods allow the screening investigation of large groups of vaccinated sheep in a rapid and inexpensive ...	1975	172010
convenient non-chromatographic assays for the microbial deconjugation and 7alpha-oh bioconversion of taurocholate.	we described two convenient assay methods to estimate bile acid deconjugation and bile acid bioconversion at the 7alpha-oh position by individual microorganisms grown in media containing taurocholic acid. the methods are based on (i) a selective chemical assay for taurine conjugates previously described and (ii) the use of a cell-free preparation of 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from escherichia coli to directly quantify 7alpha-oh groups. these non-chromatographic approaches have been appl ...	1975	172011
[effect of trypsin and of the injection, technic on the immunogenic action of toxins from clostridium perfringens types d and e].		1975	172064
effect of cellular desialylation on choline high affinity uptake and ecto-acetylcholinesterase activity of cholinergic neuroblasts.		1975	172090
activation of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase by enzymatic removal of sialic acid from intact neuroblastoma and astroblastoma cells in culture.	removal of sialic acid from intact mammalian nervous system cells in tissue culture is accompanied by an immediate increase in cellular cholinesterase activity. treatment of hamster astroblast cells (clonal line nn) and mouse neuroblastoma cells (clonal lines s21, n18, and n115) for brief periods with a low level of clostridium perfringens sialidase, 5 x 10(-3) units/ml, removed 1-15 mug of sialic acid per mg of cell protein and brought about a large increase in v0 and vmax of cellular acetylcho ...	1975	172121
studies on epsilon-prototoxin of clostridium perfringens type d. physicochemical and chemical properties of epsilon-prototoxin.	epsilon-prototoxin of clostridium perfringens type d consists of one polypeptide chain of 311 amino acids with the following composition: asp52 thr31 ser25 glu28 pro12 gly17 ala14 val28 met5 ile15 leu18 tyr17 phe8 lys31 his2 arg5 tyr2. it has no free cysteine but contains one blocked cysteine. the n-terminal as well as the c-terminal residue is lysine. the ultracentrifuge pattern gave one single boundary having s020,w = 2.15 s and do20,w = 5.56-10(-7) cm2/s. calculation of the molecular weight f ...	1975	172146
distribution of ferritin-conjugated lectins on sialidase-treated membranes of human erythrocytes.	the labeling of sialidase-treated, human erythrocyte membranes with ferritin-conjugates of four plant lectins, concanavalin a, ricinus communis hemagglutinin, bauhinia purpurea hemagglutinin and arachis hypogoea hemagglutinin, is reported. among these ferritin-conjugated lectins, ferritin-conjugated concanavalin a and ferritin-conjugated r. communis hemagglutinin were found in clusters on the sialidase-treated membranes, whereas ferritin-conjugated b. purpurea hemagglutinin and ferritin-conjugat ...	1975	172150
changes in lipid metabolism and cell morphology following attack by phospholipase c (clostridium perfringens) on red cells or lymphocytes.	when intact human erythrocytes were treated with phospholipase c (clostridium perfringens), up to 30% of the membrane phospholipids were broken down without significant cell lysis. only phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin were attacked. ceramide (derived from sphingomyelin) accumulated, but 1,2-diacylglycerol (derived from phosphatidylcholine) was largely converted into phosphatidate. up to 12% of the cell phospholipid could be converted into phosphatidate in this way. pig erythrocytes and lym ...	1975	172156
a comparative study on the heat stability of triosephosphate isomerase in psychrophilic, psychrotrophic, and mesophilic clostridia.	the temperature stability of triosephosphate isomerase (ec 5.3.1.1) in the cell-free extracts of psychrophilic, psychrotrophic, and mesophilic clostridium species has been investigated. even though this enzyme was found to be heat labile in the psychrophilic isolates, no detectable loss in activity was evident when cell-free extracts were heated for 1/2 h at the maximum temperature of growth for the organisms. two organisms, each with a maximum growth temperature of 23 degrees c, showed differen ...	1975	172205
bacterial growth in seafoood on restaurant premises.	operational guidelines for a chain of the newer type of seafood restaurants and take-out stores were derived from plots of bacteriological and trimethylamine changes during the preparation and storage of cod fillets, shrimp, and clams. if fish is to be defrosted at room temperature it should be washed and portioned within 14 h. subsequent storage at 5 degrees c should not exceed 72 h and once removed from the refrigerator it should be fried within 3 h. new stores should consider improved methods ...	1975	172207
criteria and procedures for implicating clostridium perfringens in food-borne outbreaks.		1975	172212
[transfer of the tetracycline-chloramphenicol plasmid in clostridium perfringens].	two plasmids which confer resistance to tetracycline-chloramphenicol and erythromycine-clindamycine were found in a strain of clostridium perfringens. the plasmid (tet-chl) was shown to be transferable to sensitive strains of c. perfringens. the transfer experiments were made with the wild type strain or strains cured by one plasmid or the other as donor strains.	1975	172257
heterogeneity of enterotoxin-like protein extracted from spores fo clostridium perfringens type a.	enterotoxin-like protein was extracted from spores of three enterotoxin-positive and three enterotoxin-negative strains of clostridium perfringens type a by urea/mercaptoethanol, alkaline mercaptoethanol and alkaline dithiothreitol. disc immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that three distinct enterotoxin-like proteins could be extracted. in 7% acrylamide gels, type i, type ii, and type iii enterotoxinlike proteins had relative mobilities of 0.52, 0.63, and 0.73 respectively. in contrast to disc i ...	1975	172332
elevation of intracellular calcium ion concentration provokes production of 1,2-diacylglycerol and phosphatidate in human erythrocytes.		1975	172387
naturally occurring autoantibodies against hidden cellular antigens.		1975	172441
histopathological effect of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in the rabbit ileum.	highly purified enterotoxin from clostridium perfringens was found to have histopathological activity in the rabbit ileum. unlike the action of cholera, escherichia coli, and shigella enterotoxins, epithelium was denuded from the tips of ileal villi at concentrations of the enterotoxin necessary to induce fluid accumulation in the rabbit. whether or not this observed histopathology is essential for the diarrheal syndrome associated with clostridium perfringens food poisoning remains unclear.	1975	172454
scanning isoelectric focusing and isotachophoresis of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin.		1975	172483
competitive inhibition of transformation in group h streptococcus strain challis by heterologous deoxyribonucleic acid.	glucosylated deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) from phages t4 and t6 competes poorly with homologous dna causing only a slight decrease of transformation in group h streptococcus strain challis. other types of heterologous dnas (micrococcus luteus, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, calf thymus and non-glucosylated phage t6 dna), in contrast to glucosylated t4 and t6 dnas, compete with transforming dna to the normal, high extent. these results indicate that as in transformation of bacillus sub ...	1975	172490
[clostridium perfringens as a causative organism in food poisoning. (1). distribution of clostridium perfringens in the feces of healthy persons and heat-resistance of the isolates].		1975	172564
[clostridium perfringens as a causative organism in food poisoning. (2) incidence in commercial foods].		1975	172565
hyperbaric oxygen in anaerobic infection of the medistinum.	in the last decade hyperbaric oxygen has been recognized as an important therapeutic tool in a variety of instances in which either destruction of anaerobic bacteria is urgent or an improvement in the oxygenation level is mandatory. we have used it successfully in a case of mediastinal anaerobic infection (gas gangrene) after medical and surgical measures had failed to eradicate the disease. the causative organism of gas gangrene, clostridium perfringens (welchii), is widely distributed. it may ...	1975	172572
food poisoning signs in mice induced orally by clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin.		1975	172592
oral infection and food poisoning syndrome in mice by enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens type a.		1975	172593
the partial purification of clostridium perfringens beta toxin.	an attempt was made to purify clostridium perfringens beta toxin. crude toxin prepared by ammonium sulphate precipitation of culture supernatants was purified by chromatography on sephadex g50, sephadex g100 and deae cellulose. this material, although highly purified was not homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. it had a toxicity of 800 000 mouse mlds/mg n, a typical protein absorption spectrum in the uv region, an iso-electric point of 5, 6 and the main component had a molecular ma ...	1975	172828
bacterial food-poisoning.		1975	173111
phenotypic chain formation in clostridium welchii by suramin.	cl. welchii nctc 6785 was grown in 1% glucose containing medium having 1% suramin w/v. the cells grew into long chains of thirty units. this effect was not found beyond 0.5% concentration. on transfer into suramin free medium the chains reverted to normal morphology indicating the change in morphology to be phenotypic.	1975	173113
[study of the interrelationship between the content of immunizing units and the immunogenicity of c1. perfringens anatoxins].	comparative experiments were conducted on rabbits and guinea pigs; a study was made of the immunological efficacy of the toxoids with a different content of the immunizing units (iu/ml). there was revealed a regular quantitative interrelationship between the content of the iu/ml in the toxoids, the level of the antitoxin formation and the extent of protection against the experimental gas gangrene in the immunized animals.	1975	173119
differential effects of oxygen and oxidation-reduction potential on the multiplication of three species of anaerobic intestinal bacteria.	the sensitivity of three strains of anaerobic intestinal bacteria, clostridium perfringens, bacteroides fragilis, and peptococcus magnus, to the differential effects of oxygen and adverse oxidation-reduction potential was measured. the multiplication of the three organisms was inhibited in the presence of oxygen whether the medium was at a negative oxidation-reduction potential (eh of -50 mv), poised by the intermittent addition of dithiothreitol, or at a positive oxidation-reduction potential ( ...	1975	173238
inhibitor of clostridium perfringens formed by heating sodium nitrite in a chemically defined medium.	an inhibitor of clostridium perfringens formed when low levels of nitrite were autoclaved with a defined chemical medium. a systematic study of the medium revealed that only amino acids and mineral salts were involved in the production of this inhibitor, which was proven to be a toxic compound formed from cysteine, ferrous sulfate, and sodium nitrite. the inhibitor was compared to several known compounds. s-nitrosocysteine inhibited the test organism, but would not form in the test system in amo ...	1975	173239
repair of heat-injured clostridium perfringens spores during outgrowth.	clostridium perfringens strain nctc 8798 spores were injured by ultrahigh temperature treatment and were unable to outgrow in the presence of antibiotics used in selective enumeration media. injured spores underwent repair in a nonselective laboratory medium and in foods.	1975	173240
creatinine metabolism by clostridium welchii isolated from human faeces.	a clostridium welchii has been isolated from human faeces which can deaminate creatinine to n-methyl hydantoin. evidence suggests the reaction is inducible since the rate of conversion is increased by growth of the organism in creatinine-rich media.	1975	173573
fungi and clostridia in hospital air: the effect of air-conditioning.		1975	173701
comparative study of neuraminidases from "diplococcus pneumoniae" and "clostridium perfringens".	neuraminidases have been purified from the culture medium of two microorganisms, one aerobic, diplococcus neumoniae, the other anaerobic, clostridium perfringens. the enzymatic properties of the 2 neuraminidases have been studied (ph optimum; effect of cations; activity toward different substrates: neuraminyllactose, dilactaminyllacto-n-tetraose, gangliosides, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, collocalia glycoprotein, ovine submaxillary mucin, porcin intestinal and human bronchial mucins).	1975	3129
[changes in the serum protein fractions of pigeons in experimentally reproduced food toxinfection].	paper electrophoresis was employed to analyze changes taking place in the composition of the blood serum protein fractions of pigeons following an experimental reproduction in them of toxinfection caused by cl. perfringens, type a, and also upon exposure of the pigeons to a high and low temperature, as factors conducive to the development of toxinfection. the blood serum protein fractions of the diseased birds showed a distinct increase of the gamma-globulin fractions by as much as 4 times) that ...	1975	54992
[anaerobic paraproctitis].		1975	173914
[anaerobic gastroenterotoxemia in lambs].		1975	174271
a comparative appraisal of emphysematous cholecystitis.	there is ample evidence from this retrospective comparison to indicate that emphysematous cholecystitis does merit clinical distinction apart from acute cholecystitis. it is an acute infection of the gallbladder caused by a specific group of bacteria that may be aided by some aspect of local ischemia. cholelithiasis does not seem to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of emphysematous cholecystitis, and this, in association with some dependence upon ischemia, may account for the predominance o ...	1975	174453
[purification and characterization of "clostridium perfringens" bp6k-n5 strain bacteriocin n5 (author's transl)].	the bacteriocin n5 produced by clostridium perfringens, strain bp6k-n5, after uv irradiation induction, was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on deae cellulose and gel filtration on sephadex g100. by polyacrylamid-gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion analysis the purified material was shown to be homogenous. the purified bacteriocin n5 is inactivated by proteolytic enzymes and by heat treatment at 50 degrees c for 15 minutes. it is a simple pr ...	1975	174471
[kinetics of setting up of a human fecal flora in germ free mice and trial of decontamination of antibiotherapy (author's transl)].	we have tried in this study to reproduce in germfree mice a bacterial equilibrium observed previously in the gastrointestinal tract of child "l.n.", reared in a plastic isolator. eight bacterial strains were studied. seven had been fortuitously introduced: acinetobacter lwoffi ln1, staphylococcus epidermidis ln2, clostridium perfringens ln3, plectridium anatum ln4, streptococcus bovis ln5, enterobacter cloacae ln6, corynebacterium sp ln7. the eighth strain was purposely administered to the child ...	1975	174472
an improved method for purifying sialidase.	an adsorbent specific for sialidase (ec 3.2.1.18) was prepared by coupling a glycoprotein containing glycosidically linked sialic acid to sepharose. this adsorbent does not display the non-specific adsorption that occurs in previously reported methods.	1975	174552
penetration of phospholipases a2 and c into the squid (loligo pealii) giant axon.	following 1 h exposure, the level of phospholipase a2 penetration into the axoplasm of the squid giant axon was 107 to 350% of that in the external media; corresponding values for phospholipase c were 18 to 31%. phospholipases can therefore be used to study phospholipid function in axons since they can penetrate through connective tissue and schwann cell to reach the axolemma.	1975	174931
[effect of hypo- and hyperthermia on the onset and course of an experimental food toxinfection caused by cl. perfringens type a].		1975	174973
[culture media and conditions for production of entrotoxin by clostridium perfringens].		1975	175182
[synergism between non-exotoxin-producing stocks of clostridium perfringens (ii)].		1975	175183
[experimental diarrhea in dogs and monkeys caused by clostridium welchii].		1975	175186
[activities of anaerobes of the human intestines with special reference to clostridium perfringens].		1975	175187
[dna homology and pathogenicity].		1975	175188
[resistance against heavy metals of clostridium perfringens collected at the south pole].		1975	175189
clostridia in soil of the antarctica.	from the soil in the area around the syowa station, the east ongul island, the antarctica, a total of 193 strains of clostridia were isolated and identified. it was surprising that the soil samples taken from the places which were considered to be scarcely contaminated by human beings and animals contained many clostridia. one hundred and fifty-five strains were assigned to 11 species, including c. perfringens, c. bifermentans, c. sordellii, c. sporogenes, c. plagarum, c. paraperfringens, c. sep ...	1975	175201
[effect of direct sunbeams on spores of clostridium botulinum and clostridium perfringens of the types a].		1975	175248
[antibacterial properties of the new unwoven band material biocell-nfa].		1975	175250
the use of suckling mice in assaying clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin.		1975	175423
enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens type a in selected humans. ii. a cohort study.		1975	175424
[susceptibility of cell cultures and laboratory animals to anaerobe toxins].		1975	175544
effects of strong electrolyte upon the activity of clostridium perfringens sialidase toward sialyllactose and sialoglycolipids.	clostridium perfringens sialidase was purified by affinity chromatography. kinetic properties of the enzyme were examined with sialyllactose and with mixed sialoglycolipids (gangliosides) as substrates. with the latter substrate in 0.01 m tris-acete in the absence of strong electrolyte, the ph optimum for enzymatic activity was 6.8. addition of strong electrolyte (0.01 to 0.10 m nac1) to the reaction medium caused an acidic shift and a broadening of the ph optimum, enzymatic activity at ph 5.8 r ...	1975	384
experimental diarrhea in cynomolgus monkeys by oral administration with clostridium perfringens type a viable cells or enterotoxin.	purified c. perfringens type a enterotoxin fed orally in an amount of 5 mg caused both vomiting and diarrhea in the monkey only when the gastric juice had been neutralized. exposure of enterotoxin to ph 4.0 or below rapidly destroyed the activity. all three monkeys receiving sodium bicarbonate and 2.4 x 10(10) viable cells grown in ds medium developed diarrhea, and only one of them vomited once. the diarrhea lasted for 13, 18 and 19 hr. the symptoms were similar to those reported in human cases ...	1975	525
action of neuraminidases isolated from diplococcus pneumoniae and clostridium perfringens on the viscosity and elastic properties of bronchial secretions.		1975	1124
the histomophologic and histochemical evaluation of the salivary and exorbital lacrimal glands in the hairless mouse.		1975	45939
comparsion of the properties of two antigen-induced guinea pig lymphokines.	the properties of macrophage migration inhibition factor (mif) and mitogenic factor (mf) were compared using culture supernatants of antigen-stimulated lymph node cells from inbred guinea pigs. gel filtration on sephadex g-100 indicated molecular weights of about 60,000 and 25,000 for mif and mf, respectively. the lymphokines also differed with respect to heat sensitivity, mif being largely inactivated by 60 degrees c for 20 min, whereas mf was unaffected by this treatment. the time course of pr ...	1975	46849
regional and cellular localization of glycosyltransferases in rat small intestine. changes in enzymes with differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells.	optimal assay conditions were determined for four glycosyltransferases in rat small intestinal mucosal homogenates and the regional distribution and cellular localization of these enzymes was studied. for each glycosyltransferase, similar levels of activity were found in duodenal, proximal jejunal and distal ileal segments; activities of the galactosyltransferases were lower in the distal jejunal-proximal ileal segment. planar section studies indicated that the undifferentiated crypt cells had s ...	1975	49196
homing of liposomes to target cells.		1975	50067
some characteristics of the dna-tyrocidine complex and a possible mechanism of the gramicidin action.	1. the cyclic peptide antibiotic tyrocidine which inhibits rna synthesis in vitro by forming a complex with the dna (schazschneider, b., ristow, h. and kleinkauf, h. (1974) nature 249, 757-759) induces hypochromicity of the dna. the complex dissociates at elevated temperatures but which are below the melting temperature of the dna. 2. the linear peptide antibiotic gramicidin which reverses the inhibitory effect of tyrocidine (ristow, h., schazschneider, b., bauer, k. and kleinkauf, h. (1975) bio ...	1975	53075
alteration of the hl-a antigenic site in situ.	the chemical nature of the hl-a antigenic sites on peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied by treatment of these cells with glycolytic enzymes and with sodium metaperiodate, and monitoring the residual antigen expression either by the lymphocyte cytotoxicity test or by quantitative microabsorption of monospecific anti-hl-a sera. neither the gentle enzymatic nor the chemical treatment of lymphocytes altered expression of the hl-a antigens indicating that carbohydrates are not involved, in a majo ...	1975	54332
[immunogenic properties of cl. perfringens anatoxins obtained from purified toxins].		1975	176848
[method of determinating the protective capacity of c1. perfringens toxoid].	the authors describe a model of experimental gas gangrene in guinea pigs; it was produced by the administration of the vegetative form of c. perfringens; the cells were completely washed of the lethal toxin and no toxic or necrotizing agents were added. a possibility of development of gangrenous process without any preliminary depression of the resistance of body tissues in the area of injection of the causative agent was revealed. apart from the local process and general intoxication gas gangre ...	1975	176851
phosphopyridoxal complexes with histamine and histidine. (4) the kinetics of complex formation between histidine and pyridoxal 5' -phosphate in the presence of bacterial histidine decarboxylase.	the dynamics of the complex formation between pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp) and histidine in the presence of bacterial histidine decarboxylase was examined. since plp is able to form a cyclic product with histidine and histamine, the possibility of complex formation between plp and histamine formed during a decarboxylation reaction was examined too. it was found that the cyclization reaction between plp and histidine is equimolecular and the rate of cyclic product formation is not significantly i ...	1975	176880