Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| transgenic pollen harms monarch larvae. | 1999 | 10353241 | |
| intragastric and intraperitoneal administration of cry1ac protoxin from bacillus thuringiensis induces systemic and mucosal antibody responses in mice. | the spore-forming soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis produces parasporal inclusion bodies composed by delta-endotoxins also known as cry proteins, whose resistance to proteolysis, stability in highly alkaline ph and innocuity to vertebrates make them an interesting candidate to carrier of relevant epitopes in vaccines. the purpose of this study was to determine the mucosal and systemic immunogenicity in mice of cry1ac protoxin from b. thuringiensis hd73. crystalline and soluble forms of the p ... | 1999 | 10353588 |
| bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac protoxin is a potent systemic and mucosal adjuvant. | recently we demonstrated that recombinant cry1ac protoxin from bacillus thuringiensis is a potent systemic and mucosal immunogen. in this study we compared the adjuvant effects of cry1ac and cholera toxin (ct) for the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and bovine serum albumin (bsa). the antibody responses of intestinal secretions and serum were determined by elisa in balb/c mice immunized through the intragastric (ig) or intraperitoneal (ip) routes. when hbsag was administered via ig, the anti ... | 1999 | 10354369 |
| domain iii of the bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin cry1ac is involved in binding to manduca sexta brush border membranes and to its purified aminopeptidase n. | three types of binding assays were used to study the binding of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin cry1ac to brush border membrane vesicle (bbmv) membranes and a purified putative receptor of the target insect manduca sexta. using hybrid proteins consisting of cry1ac and the related cry1c protein, it was shown that domain iii of cry1ac is involved in specificity of binding as observed by all three techniques. in ligand blotting experiments using sds-page-separated bbmv proteins as well as th ... | 1999 | 10027964 |
| evaluation of transgenic sweet corn hybrids expressing cryia (b) toxin for resistance to corn earworm and fall armyworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | many of the lepidopterous insects which attack sweet corn, zea mays l., are susceptible to insecticidal proteins produced by bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki (berliner) (btk). transgenic sweet corn expressing a synthetic cry gene for production of a btk-insecticidal protein may provide a more environmentally acceptable means of sweet corn production. eight transgenic sweet corn hybrids containing a synthetic gene for cryia(b) protein production (bt11 event) were evaluated for resistance to t ... | 1999 | 10036986 |
| a randomly amplified polymorphic dna marker specific for the bacillus cereus group is diagnostic for bacillus anthracis. | aiming to develop a dna marker specific for bacillus anthracis and able to discriminate this species from bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus mycoides, we applied the randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting technique to a collection of 101 strains of the genus bacillus, including 61 strains of the b. cereus group. an 838-bp rapd marker (sg-850) specific for b. cereus, b. thuringiensis, b. anthracis, and b. mycoides was identified. this fragment included a putat ... | 1999 | 10049896 |
| overexpression of the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry2aa2 protein in chloroplasts confers resistance to plants against susceptible and bt-resistant insects. | evolving levels of resistance in insects to the bioinsecticide bacillus thuringiensis (bt) can be dramatically reduced through the genetic engineering of chloroplasts in plants. when transgenic tobacco leaves expressing cry2aa2 protoxin in chloroplasts were fed to susceptible, cry1a-resistant (20,000- to 40,000-fold) and cry2aa2-resistant (330- to 393-fold) tobacco budworm heliothis virescens, cotton bollworm helicoverpa zea, and the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua, 100% mortality was observed a ... | 1999 | 10051556 |
| us groups sue over approval of bt crops...as uk press reports come under fire. | 1999 | 10067881 | |
| characterization of the mbl determinant and cloning of the spoiiid gene from bacillus cereus atcc 10987. | to examine the transcriptional start site of the putative bacillus cereus mbl gene, we have cloned and sequenced the upstream region of the previously reported b. cereus mbl determinant, which showed sequence similarity to the mreb morphogene from escherichia coli. primer extension analysis revealed the transcriptional start site of mbl to 259 bp upstream of the putative translational start site and showed that the mbl gene was expressed at 3, 6, and 10 h of growth after inoculation. antibodies ... | 1999 | 10069858 |
| experimental formulations of bacillus sphaericus and b. thuringiensis israelensis against culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) in burkina faso. | efficacies of locally produced, sustained release granular formulations of bacillus sphaericus (bs) strain 2362 and b. thuringiensis israelensis (bti) were compared with commercial liquid concentrates of the same bacteria in cesspits and rain-filled puddles in ouagadougou, burkina faso. duration of control was dependent on the product, the transient nature of some sites, and the target mosquito larvae. bs granules applied at the rate of 3.0 g/m2 (30 kg/ha) reduced culex quinquefasciatus say 99% ... | 1999 | 10071494 |
| specific binding of the e2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase to the upstream region of bacillus thuringiensis protoxin genes. | during sporulation, bacillus thuringiensis produces inclusions comprised of different amounts of several related protoxins, each with a unique specificity profile for insect larvae. a major class of these genes designated cry1 have virtually identical dual overlapping promoters, but the upstream sequences differ. a gel retardation assay was used to purify a potential regulatory protein which bound with different affinities to these sequences in three cry1 genes. it was identified as the e2 subun ... | 1999 | 10075684 |
| efficient expression of mosquito-larvicidal proteins in a gram-negative bacterium capable of recolonization in the guts of anopheles dirus larva. | the gram-negative bacterium, an11/2 g1, isolated from the guts of anopheles dirus mosquito larvae, was identified as enterobacter amnigenus. the e. amnigenus was able to recolonize in the gut of an. dirus larva but not in those of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larvae. it was able to float in water for a longer period than bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus. these are desirable characteristics for a delivery vehicle of mosquito-larvicidal toxins for the c ... | 1999 | 10077823 |
| introduction and expression of the cry1ac gene of bacillus thuringiensis in a cereal-associated bacterium, bacillus polymyxa. | the abilities of bacillus polymyxa and bacillus thuringiensis to survive on the rice phyllospere were compared; it was found that b. polymyxa colonizes the crop better. this study also showed that b. polymyxa inoculation to rice plants increased the shoot and the root growth of the crop. efforts were made to introduce the cry1ac gene of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki into b. polymyxa so that the application of such transgenic b. polymyxa strains would prove to be dually beneficial to rice crop ... | 1999 | 9922467 |
| toxicity, binding, and permeability analyses of four bacillus thuringiensis cry1 delta-endotoxins using brush border membrane vesicles of spodoptera exigua and spodoptera frugiperda. | the binding and pore formation properties of four bacillus thuringiensis cry1 toxins were analyzed by using brush border membrane vesicles from spodoptera exigua and spodoptera frugiperda, and the results were compared to the results of toxicity bioassays. cry1fa was highly toxic and cry1ac was nontoxic to s. exigua and s. frugiperda larvae, while cry1ca was highly toxic to s. exigua and weakly toxic to s. frugiperda. in contrast, cry1bb was active against s. frugiperda but only marginally activ ... | 1999 | 9925568 |
| biochemical characterization of bacillus thuringiensis cytolytic toxins in association with a phospholipid bilayer. | the interaction of two bacillus thuringiensis cytolytic toxins, cyta and cytb, with a phospholipid bilayer and their structure in the membrane-bound state were investigated by proteolysis using phospholipid vesicles as a model system. a toxin conformational change upon membrane binding was detected by comparing the proteolytic profile of membrane-bound toxin and saline-solubilized toxin. when membrane-bound toxin was exposed to protease k or trypsin, novel cleavage sites were found between the a ... | 1999 | 9931315 |
| cdna cloning and expression of bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa toxin binding 120 kda aminopeptidase n from bombyx mori. | bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa toxin binds to a 120 kda putative receptor protein in the bombyx mori midgut. recently, this protein was purified and identified as glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (gpi) anchored aminopeptidase n (apn). in this study, a full-length cdna thought to encode this 120 kda apn was isolated and sequenced. it has a 2958 bp orf encoding 986 amino acids. in the deduced amino acid sequence, we identified gpi-anchor and zinc-metallopeptidase signals, which are the same as those o ... | 1999 | 9931470 |
| the oligomeric state of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins in solution. | the molecular mass of different cry toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis bacteria was estimated by size-exclusion chromatography and non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at neutral and alkaline ph in order to assess the existence of oligomers in solution. we found that cry1aa, cry1ac, cry1c, cry1d and cry3a toxins exist in solution as a mixture of monomer and high molecular mass aggregates with an apparent molecular mass greater than 600 kda, that depend on the time elapsed bet ... | 1999 | 9989219 |
| isolation and characterization of brush border membrane vesicles from whole aedes aegypti larvae. | studies of the binding interactions of dipteran-specific bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins are hindered by the lengthy midgut dissection procedure needed for preparation of brush border membrane vesicles. in an attempt to resolve this problem, brush border membrane vesicles were isolated from homogenates of whole aedes aegypti larvae by a modification of the method of macintosh et al. (1994). these preparations were found to resolve well on sds-page and appeared as spherical vesicles of va ... | 1999 | 9878289 |
| toxicity and receptor binding properties of a bacillus thuringiensis cryic toxin active against both lepidoptera and diptera. | this study describes an investigation into the relationship among toxicity, specificity, and binding of cryic delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai hd-229. in vivo bioassays of larvae using inclusions (aedes aegypti) or solubilized toxin (spodoptera littoralis, spodoptera exigua, spodoptera frugiperda, and manduca sexta) revealed that cryic was toxic to both dipteran and lepidopteran larvae. in vitro saturation binding assays with cryic toxin labeled in vivo with [35s]me ... | 1999 | 9878290 |
| [integration via tn10 and expression of bti cryiva gene in the chromosome dna of flourescent pseudomonas bacterial strains]. | cryiva gene of the bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was subcloned into the tn10 of a suicide transposon plasmid vector and a transposon plasmid plf97a carrying cryiva was constructed. by electroporation and transposition, cryiva gene integrated into chromosome dna of f.p.de2. thus the genetic engineered bacterial strain, f.p.de202, was constructed. southern blotting revealed that this integration was happened in different loci of the chromosome. western blotting demonstrated that cryiva ... | 1999 | 10876675 |
| activation and fragmentation of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin by high concentrations of proteolytic enzymes. | commercial enzymes and insect gut juice at various concentrations were used to digest bacillus thuringiensis subsp. sotto cry1aa protoxin and examine the fragmentation pattern and effect on insecticidal activity. trypsin at both high (5 mg/ml) and low (0.05 mg/ml) concentrations converted protoxin to toxin with no difference in insecticidal activity against bombyx mori larvae. in both cases, the toxin protein had an apparent m(r) of 58.4 kda (sds-page). active toxin of identical m(r) was also pr ... | 1999 | 10907418 |
| integrative model for binding of bacillus thuringiensis toxins in susceptible and resistant larvae of the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella). | insecticidal crystal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis in sprays and transgenic crops are extremely useful for environmentally sound pest management, but their long-term efficacy is threatened by evolution of resistance by target pests. the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) is the first insect to evolve resistance to b. thuringiensis in open-field populations. the only known mechanism of resistance to b. thuringiensis in the diamondback moth is reduced binding of toxin to midgut binding ... | 1999 | 10103230 |
| cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of gyrb of bacillus cereus, b. thuringiensis, b. mycoides, and b. anthracis and their application to the detection of b. cereus in rice. | as 16s rrna sequence analysis has proven inadequate for the differentiation of bacillus cereus from closely related species, we employed the gyrase b gene (gyrb) as a molecular diagnostic marker. the gyrb genes of b. cereus jcm 2152(t), bacillus thuringiensis iam 12077(t), bacillus mycoides atcc 6462(t), and bacillus anthracis pasteur #2h were cloned and sequenced. oligonucleotide pcr primer sets were designed from within gyrb sequences of the respective bacteria for the specific amplification a ... | 1999 | 10103241 |
| transition state of the rate-limiting step of heat denaturation of cry3a delta-endotoxin. | heat denaturation of cry3a delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis and its 55 kda fragment was studied by differential scanning microcalorimetry at low ph. analysis of the calorimetric data has shown that denaturation of cry3a delta-endotoxin is a nonequilibrium process at heating rates from 0. 125 to 2 k/min. this means that the stability of delta-endotoxin (the apparent temperature of denaturation tm) under these conditions is under kinetic control rather than under thermo ... | 1999 | 10194327 |
| isolation and detection of listeria monocytogenes using fluorogenic and chromogenic substrates for phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. | the bcm listeria monocytogenes detection system (lmds) consists of a selective preenrichment broth (lmpeb), selective enrichment broth (lmseb), selective/differential plating medium (lmpm), and identification on a confirmatory plating medium (lmcm). the efficacy of the bcm lmds was determined using pure cultures and naturally and artificially contaminated environmental sponges. the bcm lmpeb allowed the growth of listeria and resuscitation of heat-injured l. monocytogenes. the bcm lmseb, which c ... | 1999 | 10090243 |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis beta-exotoxin to three species of fruit flies (diptera: tephritidae). | the current study describes toxic effects of the bacillus thuringiensis beta-exotoxin toward 3rd instars of 3 fruit fly species: anastrepha ludens (loew), a. obliqua (macquart), and a. serpentina (wiedemann). the beta-exotoxin was highly toxic to all 3 species tested, with lc50 values calculated as 0.641, 0.512, and 0.408 microgram/cm2 of filter paper used to expose the larvae, for a. ludens, a. obliqua, and a. serpentina, respectively. exposure to beta-exotoxin was associated with an increase i ... | 1999 | 10582044 |
| resistance in sunflower and interaction with bacillus thuringiensis for control of banded sunflower moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae). | four sunflower accessions were compared with a susceptible check, hybrid '894', in the greenhouse to determine their resistance to the banded sunflower moth, cochylis hospes walsingham, and their interaction with bacillus thuringiensis berliner variety kurstaki. antibiosis, expressed as lower larval weight, was detected in all of the accessions. in addition to being antibiotic, sunflower accession ames 3291 was antixenotic to banded sunflower moth oviposition and exhibited an additional impact o ... | 1999 | 10582050 |
| the hemolytic enterotoxin hbl is broadly distributed among species of the bacillus cereus group. | the prevalence of the hemolytic enterotoxin complex hbl was determined in all species of the bacillus cereus group with the exception of bacillus anthracis. hbla, encoding the binding subunit b, was detected by pcr and southern analysis and was confirmed by partial sequencing of 18 strains. the sequences formed two clusters, one including b. cereus and bacillus thuringiensis strains and the other one consisting of bacillus mycoides, bacillus pseudomycoides, and bacillus weihenstephanensis strain ... | 1999 | 10584001 |
| differential enhancement of cry2a versus cry11a yields in bacillus thuringiensis by use of the cry3a stab mrna sequence. | previously we demonstrated that the yield of cry3a (70 kda) can be increased as much as 10-fold when cry3a including its upstream stab-sd mrna stabilizing sequence is expressed in bacillus thuringiensis under the control of cyt1a promoters. to determine whether the cyt1a promoters/stab-sd combination (cyt1ap/stab) has broader applicability, we used it to synthesize two other cry endotoxins in the 70-kda mass range, cry2a and cry11a. combination of cyt1ap/stab with orfs 2 and 3 of the cry2a opero ... | 1999 | 10585556 |
| gm corn poses little threat to monarch. | 1999 | 10585702 | |
| [insect-resistant transgenic plants of brassica napus and analysis of resistance in the plants]. | cotyledons, each with a 1-2 mm petiole at its base, were cut from axenic seedlings and infected with agrobacterium tumefaciens. after 2-3 days of cocultivation, the cotyledon explants were transferred to ms selection medium containing 15 mg/l kanamycin and 4.5 mg/l 6-ba to induce shoot differentiation. kanamycin-resistant shoots were subcultured on selection medium with 20-50 mg/l kanamycin for 3-6 months for eliminating escaped non-transformants, and then rooted on ms medium containing 25 mg/l ... | 1999 | 10589167 |
| sequence analysis of three bacillus cereus loci carrying picr-regulated genes encoding degradative enzymes and enterotoxin. | picr is a pleiotropic regulator of extracellular virulence factors in the opportunistic human pathogen bacillus cereus and the entomopathogenic bacillus thuringiensis, and is induced in cells entering stationary phase. among the genes regulated by picr are: pica, encoding phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc); plc, encoding phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase c (pc-plc); nhe, encoding the non-haemolytic enterotoxin; hbl, encoding haemolytic enterotoxin bl (hbl); and gen ... | 1999 | 10589720 |
| insecticidal toxin in root exudates from bt corn. | 1999 | 10591205 | |
| pathogenicity of bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki to ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae). | pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic bacterium bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki de barjac & lemille was tested against the black-legged tick, ixodes scapularis say. engorged larvae dipped in a solution of 10(8) spores per milliliter showed 96% mortality 3 wk after infection. the lc50 value for engorged larve (concentration required to kill 50% of ticks) was 10(7) spores per milliliter. b. thuringiensis shows considerable potential as a microbial control agent for the management of i. sca ... | 1999 | 10593100 |
| insecticidal activity of transgenic tobacco plants expressing both bt and cpti genes on cotton bollworm (helicoverpa armigera). | transgenic tobacco plants expressing both bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal protein and cowpea trypsin inhibitor (cpti) genes was used to evaluate the insecticidal activity on the cotton bollworm (helicoverpa armigera) compared with transgenic tobacco with bt insecticidal protein gene alone. mortality of first to third instar larvae fed on transgenic two genes tobacco for three days was significantly higher than that fed on transgenic bt tobacco. first to fourth instar larvae fed on trans ... | 1999 | 10668128 |
| organizational complexity of a rice transgene locus susceptible to methylation-based silencing. | molecular analyses of a rice (oryza sativa l.) transgene locus introduced using biolistic techniques revealed the presence of multiple copies of rearranged fragments, as well as an intact copy of the supplied constructs. both the gene of interest (35s-btt cryiiia) and the selectable marker used (ubi1-bar) were methylated and silenced. additionally, vector sequences were present in great abundance and were also highly methylated, indicating that the entire transgene insert was marked for methylat ... | 1999 | 10632579 |
| binding of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin to manduca sexta aminopeptidase-n receptor is not directly related to toxicity. | bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac delta-endotoxin specifically binds a 115-kda aminopeptidase-n purified from manduca sexta midgut. cry1ac domain iii mutations were constructed around a putative sugar-binding pocket and binding to purified aminopeptidase-n and brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) was compared to toxicity. q509a, r511a, y513a, and 509-511 (qnr-aaa) eliminated aminopeptidase-n binding and reduced binding to bbmv. however, toxicity decreased no more than two-fold, indicating activity ... | 1999 | 10622728 |
| identification and characterization of the new bacillus thuringiensis serovars pirenaica (serotype h57) and iberica (serotype h59) | two new bacillus thuringiensis strains have been classified by the h antigen of the cells and differentiated by their morphological, biochemical and molecular characteristics. the flagellar agglutination showed that both strains bore specific h antigens which allowed their classification as the new serotypes h57 and h59. the serovar names proposed for the type strains characterized in this work are b. thuringiensis ser. pirenaica, for the h serotype 57, and b. thuringiensis ser. iberica, for the ... | 1999 | 10594703 |
| bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as a microbial control agent against adult and immature stages of the sandfly, phlebotomus papatasi under laboratory conditions. | the laboratory treatment of adult and immature stages of phlebotomus papatasi by the bacterial insecticide, bacillus thurnigiensis var. israelensis was carried out. different concentrations of b.t.i. mixed with fructose and glucose were assayed against the adult sandfly, while the immature stages were treated by offering larval diet contaminated by b.t.i. in different concentrations diluted by distilled water. b.t.i. could induce mortality to half of the larval and pupal population at 0.26 x 10( ... | 1999 | 10605508 |
| bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa toxin-binding region of bombyx mori aminopeptidase n. | the bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa toxin-binding region of bombyx mori aminopeptidase n (apn) was analyzed, to better understand the molecular mechanism of susceptibility to the toxin and the development of resistance in insects. apn was digested with lysylendopeptidase and the ability of the resulting fragments to bind to cry1aa and 1ac toxins was examined. the binding abilities of the two toxins to these fragments were different. the cry1aa toxin bound to the fragment containing 40-asp to 313-l ... | 1999 | 10606725 |
| gm crops in the cross hairs. | 1999 | 10610557 | |
| field efficacy and nontarget effects of the mosquito larvicides temephos, methoprene, and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis in florida mangrove swamps. | we compared the efficacy and nontarget effects of temephos, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.), and methoprene applied by helicopter to control mosquito larvae in mangrove swamps on sanibel island, fl, in may 1997. three sites per treatment and 3 untreated sites were used. temephos (abate) was applied at 37 ml/ha (43% active ingredient [ai]), b.t.i. granules (vectobac g) were applied at 5.606 kg/ha (200 international toxic units/mg), and methoprene (altosid all) was applied at 213 ... | 1999 | 10612606 |
| detection of single-stranded cohesive ends in the genome of bacillus thuringiensis temperate phage kk-88. | cohesive ends (cos sites) were detected in the genome of temperate kk-88 phage in bacillus thuringiensis after analysis of the phage dna generated by the 3'-5' exonuclease activity of klenow fragment of dna polymerase i. in addition, unlike the 5'-protruding ends of coliphage lambda genome, the ends of kk-88 phage genome were found to be 3'-protruding. the restriction map of the phage genome was also constructed on the basis of position of the cos fragments. | 1999 | 10672343 |
| mosquito control and bacterial flora in water enriched with organic matter and treated with bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus formulations. | three tests were conducted during july 17 to october 30, 1998 to study the impact of two mosquitocidal microbial agents on mosquito larvae and their contribution to bacterial flora in aquatic microcosms. formulations of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) and bacillus sphaericus strain 2362 (bsph) were applied at various rates to outdoor tubs enriched with rabbit pellets and filled with irrigation water from a reservoir. mosquito larvae were effectively controlled by all treatments; ... | 1999 | 10672543 |
| bacteria and mosquito abundance in microcosms enriched with organic matter and treated with a bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis formulation. | bacteria and mosquito abundance were studied in outdoor tubs unenriched and enriched with 0.04% rabbit pellets during the winter, 1999. the irrigation water used to fill the tubs contained a total bacterial count of 1.15-1.35 x 10(3) cells/ml. adding rabbit pellets for enrichment yielded a total bacterial count of 5.50-7.63 x 10(5) cells/g. bacterial densities in unenriched water were significantly lower than in enriched tubs on every sampling day. when bacterial densities in both enriched and u ... | 1999 | 10672549 |
| compatibility of bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis and chemical insecticides for the control of aedes mosquitoes. | the compatibility of the commercial aqueous bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (b.t.i.) formulation, vectobac 12as, with the chemical insecticides actellic 50ec, aqua resigen, resigen, and fendona sc, for the simultaneous control of aedes larvae and adults was studied by dispersing nine different formulations using a portable mist blower, in single story half-brick houses. the effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by measuring the larval mortality, adult mortality, and droplet ana ... | 1999 | 10672551 |
| [physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of chlorine-containing compositions ciaref and dp-1]. | the paper presents the results of the physicochemical properties and corrosive activity of the new chlorine-containing compositions ciaref and dp-1. various microbiological, biochemical, and biophysical studies were conducted to examine different aspects of the mechanism of action of ciaref and dp-1 on vegetative (francisella tularensis) and sporal (bacillus turingiensis) microorganisms. suspension, test-surface irrigation, and aerosol techniques were employed under close industrial conditions t ... | 1999 | 10709466 |
| biocidal activity of bacillus species for anopheles larvae. | it is generally accepted that bacillus thuringiensis (b.t.) is specifically toxic to some insects but does not pose any threat to the environment, operators, or consumers. there are several other bacillus species which can be used as effective bioinsecticides. in this study four different species of bacillus, i.e., b. coagulans, b. megaterium, b. brevis, and b. sphaericus were isolated from soil samples collected from kala shah kakoo and kasur areas, in the suburbs of lahore. isolated bacillus s ... | 1999 | 10754794 |
| cross-resistance to bacillus sphaericus strains in culex quinquefasciatus resistant to b. sphaericus 1593m. | bacillus sphaericus 1593m resistant larvae of culex quinquefasciatus were reared in the laboratory since 1995. resistance in the larvae was monitored by subjecting selection pressure using b. sphaericus 1593m at every generation. bioassays were conducted with different strains of b. sphaericus (bs 2297, bs 2362 and bs iab 59) and confirmed cross-resistance in the present study. the level ranged between 27.3 to 18.2 fold in comparison with susceptible larvae. but bacillus thuringiensis var israel ... | 1999 | 10774654 |
| activation and germination of spores of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis by alkaline ph and larval (aedes aegypti) gut fluid. | alkaline activation of the spores of crystalliferous (cry+) and acrystalliferous (cry-) strains of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis; wild type b. cereus and its transcipient crystalliferous derivatives and wild type b. subtilis was studied. also the effect of larval (aedes aegypti) gut fluid on the activation of spores of these strains was studied. only the spores of the crystal forming strains were found to be activated by 0.1 m k2co3 (ph 10) and by the larval gut fluid. the process of al ... | 1999 | 10774706 |
| [bacillus thuringiensis: a biotechnology model]. | this paper is on the different biotechnological approaches that have been used to improve bacillus thuringiensis (bt) for the control of agricultural insect pests and have contributed to the successful use of this biological control agent; it describes how a better knowledge of the high diversity of bt strains and toxins genes together with the development of efficient host-vector systems has made it possible to overcome a number of the problems associated with bt based insect control measures. ... | 1999 | 10783711 |
| construction of plant vectors with high level expression of b.t. toxin gene and studies on their expression behavior in transgenic tobaccos. | breeding pest-resistant plants using plant genetic engineering technique is an effective strategy in integrated pest management (ipm). increasing the expression level of foreign insecticidal protein by using a strong promoter is a useful method. in this work, a plant expression vector, pbinmobc, was constructed. it contained the cryia(c) gene under the control of a chimeric om promoter and the omega factor. as a control, another vector, pbinobc, was also constructed in this study. pbinobc carryi ... | 1999 | 11037944 |
| differential efficacy evaluation of formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis against mosquitoes: a laboratory investigation. | the efficacy evaluation of three formulations; wettable powder (w.p.) floating pellet and beads of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis (bti), revealed a greater susceptibility of the early larval instars of mosquitoes to bti, sensitivity of anophelines to floating pellet, culicines to bead and equal efficacy and faster kill of w.p. to all the mosquitoes tested. a greater persistence of the slow release formulations, floating pellet and beads for 49 and 28 days against anophelines and culicine ... | 1999 | 11243064 |
| [cloning and expression of the binary toxin genes of bacillus sphaericus c3-41 in a crystal minus b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis]. | bacillus sphearicus c3-41, belonging to serotype h5a5b, is ahighly toxic strain isolated from a mosquito-breeding site in china. it has been shown that it had a higher toxicity against culex spp. than the reference strain 2362 at the laboratory and field conditions. using synthetic oligonucleotides designed on the basis of the binary toxin gene sequence of 2362, a 1.1 kb dna fragment was produced and the genetic library was prepared from a hindiii digest of total dna from c3-41. one colony conta ... | 1999 | 12555398 |
| [preliminary study of p19 gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis]. | the p19 gene and cyt1a gene were obtained by pcr with 9.7 kb hindiii fragment containing p19 gene and cyt1a gene from 72 md plasmid of bt as a template. digested pcr products were ligated to expression vector puhe24 and transformed into e. coli xl-1. three clones, lz19 harboring p19 gene, lzcyt1a harboring cyt1a gene, lz19a harboring p19 gene and cyt1a gene, were screened. the growth cure of cloned strains were determined under iptg induction. the result showed that plz19 did not affect the grow ... | 1999 | 12555414 |
| [the identification of 5 new serotypes of bacillus thuringiensis from soil in china]. | five new strains of bacillus thuringiensis(bt) from soil in china were classified. 5 new h-serotypes: h42, h43, h56, h60 and h62 were identified. there were some distinction in the morphology, biochemical reaction and toxicity against species of insect. five new bt subspecies were identified as follows: strain ygd22-03 bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jinghongiensis, h42; strain kk31-01 bacillus thuringiensis subsp. guiyangiensis, h43; strain scg04-02 b. thuringiensis subsp. rongseni, h56; strain n ... | 1999 | 12555421 |
| [the effects of reactive oxidants on bacillus thuringiensis parasporal crystals]. | the effects of hydrogen peroxides(h2o2) and hydroxyl radicals(.oh) on the purified parasporal crystals from bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1 were studied by sds-page and bioassay. the results showed that to some extent h2o2 and .oh produced a direct and deleterious effect. hydroxyl radicals from the system fe(ii)-edta-h2o2 indicated more serious damage than hydrogen peroxides. there was a 44.5% loss in activity against 12-h-old larvae of heliothis armigera when parasporal crystals were ... | 1999 | 12555530 |
| [new coleopterancidai strains of bacillus thuringiensis and production of coleopterancide]. | two coleopterancidal strains of bacillus thuringiensis, ym-03 and shq11-10, were isolated from soil in china. h-serotype of ym-03 was h8a8b, and h-serotype of shq11-10 has not been identified. both of them produced flat bipyramid-like crystals which consisted of 68-70 kd and 65 kd protein respectively. bioassay indicated that these two bt strains were very active on the larva of leptinotarsa decemlineata and plagioder aversicolora. they grew prosperously in fermentation. powder of ym-03 product ... | 1999 | 12555556 |
| [detecting microorganisms in soil by pcr and molecular hybridization]. | pcr and molecular hybridization provide new methods to detect microorganisms in environment. a simple, sensitive protocol was developed to detect bacillus thuringiensis hd-1 in soil by pcr and southern blotting in this study. methods of extracting dna from soil and purification were compared. by a modified total dna extraction from soil and purification, followed by pcr and southern blotting, strain hd-1 released into soil can be detected with a sensitivity of 2.2 x 10(2) cells/g soil. by using ... | 1999 | 12555581 |
| evaluating the environmental effects of the gm revolution. | in the us, cradle of genetically modified crops, agricultural scientists and regulators are already tackling one environmental issue, and rushing to determine the magnitude of another. | 1999 | 11529176 |
| scientists back gm crops. | 1999 | 11529179 | |
| organic residue decomposition: the minicontainer-system a multifunctional tool in decomposition studies. | the minicontainer-test, first described by eisenbeis (1993), was designed to study the kinetics of organic residue decomposition at a microsite level. it is derived from the litterbag technique and consists of polyethylene minicontainers (volume about 1.5 cm(3)) filled with a test substrate (litter, straw, cellulose, etc.). the minicontainers (mcs) are closed at either end with plastic gauze discs of variable mesh size (e.g. 20 microm, 250 microm, 500 microm or 2 mm). a definite number of such u ... | 1999 | 19005666 |
| suppression of meloidogyne hapla and its damage to lettuce grown in a mineral soil amended with chitin and biocontrol organisms. | chitin was used as soil amendment in fiberglass field microplots, alone or with one or a combination of two to three species of hirsutella rhossiliensis, paecilomyces marquandii, verticillium chlamydosporium, bacillus thuringiensis, and streptomyces costaricanus. sudangrass and rapeseed were planted as cover crops and incorporated into soil as green manure amendments. chitin amendment alone increased the marketable yield of lettuce in 1995 and reduced root-galling ratings and the reproduction of ... | 1999 | 19270942 |
| isolation and insecticidal effects of some bacteria from euproctis chrysorrhoea l. (lepidoptera: lymantriidae). | in this study, we investigated the bacterial pathogens of euproctis chrysorrhoea and tested for their insecticidal activities. based on colony color and morphology, four isolates were determined. according to morphological, physiological and biochemical characters of the isolates, they were identified as enterobacter aerogenes, lactobacillus sp., bacillus thuringiensis and micrococcus luteus. the insecticidal effects of these bacterial isolates on third-fourth instar larvae of euproctis chrysorr ... | 2000 | 11293654 |
| [characteristic of mutants of pseudomonas putida ipm-36 recombinant strains, selected by anticipating growth on a media containing an inducer of cry3a gene expression]. | induction of the expression of the delta-endotoxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis in the recombinant strain pseudomonas putida ipm-36 negatively affected the viability and the growth rate of the culture. in order to optimize the insecticide production by the recombinant strain, mutant clones exhibiting anticipating growth on an inducer-containing medium were selected and studied. these clones differed in such aspects as the localization of mutations (either in plasmid pbtn11, ... | 2000 | 11315669 |
| exploring the mechanism of action of insecticidal proteins by genetic engineering methods. | 2000 | 11501380 | |
| [effects of heavy charged particles on strains of microorganisms-producers of biologically active substances]. | effects of heavy charged particles on strains of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki z-52 and arthrobacter oc-1 have been studied. evidence was obtained that heavy charged particles impact the morphologocultural and physiological properties of culture. as noted, the conditions of orbital flight may be considered a source of mutagenic effects on cultures of microorganisms. | 2000 | 11816408 |
| control of aedes breeding using bactoculicide and neem oil combination in evaporation coolers. | 2000 | 11820084 | |
| [expression and synergism of two cry insecticidal protein genes in pseudomonas fluorescens]. | several engineered pseudomonas fluorescens(pf) strains were constructed mainly based on a pseudomonas plasmid pjms6 alpha-lac and two insecticidal crystal protein genes of bacillus thuringiensis, cry1ac and cry2aa, and the host pf strain, p303, which was with highly antifungal activity to some plant disease fungi and colonizing ability on a wide range of plants. the dna introduction was confirmed by pcr-rflp and southern blot. the 132 kd insecticidal protein was detected in ipp101 and ipp202 by ... | 2000 | 12549049 |
| [screening of acrystalliferous mutants from bacillus thuringiensis and their transformation properties]. | after elevating growth temperature of ybt-1463 and other 8 bacillus thuringiensis parental strains to 42 degrees c, 9 acrystalliferous(cry-) mutants were obtained, and then a series of partial plasmid-cured mutants were further obtained from 3 cry- mutants bmb151, bmb154 and bmb160 by elevating temperature to 44 degrees c. one of which, bmb170, was further treated by elevating temperature to 46 degrees c and adding 0.05% sds as the plasmid-curing agent. the resulting mutant, which was designated ... | 2000 | 12548884 |
| [expression and insecticidal characteristics of cry3a in lepidoptera-specific bacillus thuringiensis]. | the cry3a gene coding coleoptera-specific protein was transformed into a wild strain ybt803-1 by electroporation, a transformant bmby-001 was obtained. sds-page analysis demonstrated that cry3a could express 64 kd protein in bmby-001. however, the expression of cry1ab and cry1ac were effected. bioassay showed that bmby-001 was not only highly toxic to phyllodecta vulgatissima larva(lc50 0.413 microl/ml) but also toxic to plutella xylostella(lc50 3.319 microl/ml). | 2000 | 12548935 |
| [characterization of the insecticidal crystal protein genes of bacillus thuringiensis ybt-1520]. | the insecticidal crystal protein genes of highly toxic bacillus thuringiensis ybt-1520 were analyzed. southern hybridization and pcr analysis indicated that this strain bears cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac and cry2 genes. the copy number of three cry1a genes is different and cry1ac gene (here named cry218) is the highest. the restriction location of three genes is different from that in typical strains, such as hd-1 and hd-73 strains. 4190 bp nucleotide sequence of cry218 gene was determined and this ge ... | 2000 | 12548956 |
| [identification of cry-type genes of 31 bacillus thuringiensis isolates and analysis of their expression product]. | in this study, cry-type gene of 31 isolates of bt had been identified using pcr-rflp identification system, and sds-page analysis and bioassay had been performed. 25 strains containing cry1 type gene express 130-150 kd protein and 16 of them contain cry1i gene, which codes 80 kd protein and is larvicidal to both lepidopteran and coleopteran species. 15 strains contain both cry1 and cry2 type gene; 10 strains contain unknown cry-type gene; 6 strains don't contain seven identified cry-type gene. r ... | 2000 | 12548957 |
| [a new resolution vector with cry1ac10 gene based on bacillus thuringiensis transposon tn4430]. | a new resolution vector with cry1ac10 gene based on tnpi-mediated site-specific recombination system of bacillus thuringiensis(bt) transposon tn4430 was developed. the gene cry1ac10, encoding a protoxin against plutella xylostella larvae, and the gene ori1030, from a plasmid of wide type bacillus thuringiensis, were inserted into two copy sets of res sites, named pbmb801. when pbmb801 was introduced into crystal negative bt host bmb171, antibiotic resistance genes and other non-bt dna can be sel ... | 2000 | 12548990 |
| toxins and genetically modified food. | 2000 | 10752731 | |
| the delta-endotoxin proteins accumulate in escherichia coli as a protein-dna complex that can be dissociated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. | the insecticidal protein cryiac accumulated to form inclusion bodies in escherichia coli upon overexpression of the cloned gene. the solubilized inclusion bodies contained the delta-endotoxin in association with dna fragments of about 25 kb. the protein-dna complex could be dissociated and the delta-endotoxin purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-sepharose. the dna was washed out in the high-salt buffer while the delta-endotoxin was bound to the matrix and was eluted at 4 ... | 2000 | 11035946 |
| [ribonuclease from bacillus thuringiensis var. subtoxicus. gene structure and biosynthesis regulation]. | the gene for extracellular guanyl-specific ribonuclease of bacillus thuringiensis var. subtoxicus (rnase bth), a close homologue of the b. intermedius rnase (binase), was completely sequenced. analysis of nucleotide sequences in the regions adjoining rnase genes revealed an identical organization of the chromosomal loci of rnase bth and binase. growth characteristics of the bacillus thuringiensis var. subtoxicus strain and its synthesis of rnase were studied. it was shown that the exogenous inor ... | 2000 | 11036526 |
| construction of chromosomal integrants of bacillus sphaericus 2362 by conjugation with escherichia coli. | incp-based plasmids conjugated between escherichia coli and mosquitocidal strains of bacillus sphaericus at frequencies of 10(-7) to 10(-9) per recipient. plasmid transfer was most efficient when a restriction-deficient strain of b. sphaericus 2362 (serotype 5a5b) was used as recipient and was least efficient with recipients from serotypes 1a and 2a2b. a deleted version of the cryptic locus 'gene 80' from strain 2362 was cloned into the suicide vector pmtl30, which could not replicate in b. spha ... | 2000 | 11037132 |
| toxicology. panel urges further study of biotech corn. | 2000 | 11187032 | |
| [transfer of cry1c gene into bacillus thuringiensis by electroporation to construct strain with broader insecticidal activity]. | three transformants were selected by transferring cry1c into bacillus thuringiensis strain ybt1535. plasmid profiles, pcr and southern blot result all proved that cry1c had been transferred into strain ybt1535. bioassay results showed that the transformants of strain ybt1535 displayed significantly higher toxicity against spodoptera exigua than strain ybt1535, but the toxicities against heliothis armigera and plutella xylostella did not rise except transformant ybt1535-2. | 2000 | 11191763 |
| [research on improving rice resistance to the pest by b.t. and sbti genes]. | b.t. gene alone or and sbti gene together were introduced into two elite indica rice varieties grown in south china by bombardment. and 21 independent transgenic lines containing b.t. gene and 4 independent transgenic lines containing b.t. gene and sbti gene were obtained. molecular and genetics analysis for r1 plants showed integration of multiple transgenes occurred at one genetic locus. northern blot result proved b.t. gene expressed in r2 transgenic plants stably. bioassays using r2 transgen ... | 2000 | 11191767 |
| [cloning of plasmid pbmb2062 in bacillus thuringiensis strain ybt-1520 and construction of plasmid vector with genetic stability]. | a small plasmid pbmb2062 in bacillus thuringiensis strain ybt-1520 was cloned and sequenced. its 2,062 bp sequence contains two potential open reading frames (orfs). the orf1 and orf2 encode a tentative replication initial protein consisting of 289 amino acid residues and a tentative replication protein consisting of 80 amino acid residues, respectively. two homological plasmids were found by blast searching. there are 23 nucleotides difference occurring among three of the plasmids. the differen ... | 2000 | 11192439 |
| the measurement of volatile constituents in foray 48b, an insecticide prepared from bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. | foray 48b, an insecticide prepared from bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (btk), has been used for many years to combat infestations of gypsy moths. foray 48b also contains a large number of 'inert ingredients' which are not disclosed by the manufacturer. gypsy moths usually enter the country through marine- and airports in close proximity to urban areas, which consequently need to be sprayed. the population affected often demands more detailed information than what is available including the ... | 2000 | 11194149 |
| [characterization of a new strain of bacillus thuringiensis, a producer of an endotoxin against coleoptera]. | a new strain of bacillus thuringiensis 2-7 was found to belong to the serotype h8. cells of this strain contained irregular and flat crystalline inclusions and two large plasmids. the gene responsible for crystal formation is most likely located on the large plasmid greater than 105 mda in size. comparison of the cry gene of b. thuringiensis 2-7 and the cryiiia gene of b. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis showed that their nucleotide sequences are identical. | 2000 | 11195579 |
| control of aedes aegypti breeding in desert coolers and tires by use of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis formulation. | three different formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) were evaluated for their efficacy against immature aedes aegypti in desert coolers and tires. three formulations, viz., vectobac tablets, vectobac granules, and bacticide powder, at the application rate of 0.75, 2, and 1 g per cooler, respectively, and vectobac tablets at 0.75 and 0.375 g per tire, were evaluated. in coolers and tires, 100% reduction in the abundance of late larval instars of ae. aegypti was observed f ... | 2000 | 11198918 |
| evaluation of methylated soy oil and water-based formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and golden bear oil (gb-1111) against anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae in small rice plots. | the efficacy of formulations containing methylated soybean oil (mso) alone and with technical-grade bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) were compared to golden bear oil (gb-1111) and a water-based bti formulation against 3rd- to 4th-stage anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae confined to sentinel cages in small rice plots. three replicates each of mso with 2% pyroter added as a surfactant (mso + pyr), mso with 2% pyroter and 4 g of bti technical powder (mso + pyr + bti), gb-1111, a water-ba ... | 2000 | 11198923 |
| diversity of bacillus thuringiensis in different habitats of northern jordan. | a survey of bacillus thuringiensis was conducted for 17 locations in northern jordan representing 12 different habitats. eighty isolates were identified as b. thuringiensis in the majority of the tested samples. results showed that soils contaminated with the slaughterhouses waste materials had the highest content of spore-forming bacteria [(4.05-2.2) 10(7) cfu/g)] and b. thuringiensis [(4.05-7.9) 10(7) cfu/g)] with a (5.5%-14.9%) and (5.2%-7.7%) of the total viable bacterial count, respectively ... | 2000 | 11199499 |
| cadmium biosorption by a cadmium resistant strain of bacillus thuringiensis: regulation and optimization of cell surface affinity for metal cations. | a marine bacterial strain putatively identified as bacillus thuringiensis strain dm55, showed multiple heavy metal resistance and biosorption phenotypes. electron microscopic studies revealed that dm55 cells are encased in anionic cell wall polymers that can immobilize discrete aggregates of cations. factors affecting cell surface affinity for metal cations, monitored by means of cd2+ binding capability, are investigated. the mechanisms of cadmium resistance and cd2+ biosorption by the bacterium ... | 2000 | 11247032 |
| population genetics of chrysomela tremulae: a first step towards management of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis poplars populus tremula x .p. tremuloides. | many strategies have been proposed for delaying the development of insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt). the current paradigm for bt resistance management is the high dose-refuge strategy. for this strategy to be successful: (i) heterozygotes must be killed in treated areas, (ii) resistant alleles must be rare (frequency < 10-3), and (iii) there must be a high level of gene flow between populations to ensure random mating. we studied gene flow within and between populations with a vi ... | 2000 | 11338433 |
| human cell exposure assays of bacillus thuringiensis commercial insecticides: production of bacillus cereus-like cytolytic effects from outgrowth of spores. | most contemporary bioinsecticides are derived from scaled-up cultures of bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (bti) and kurstaki (btk), whose particulate fractions contain mostly b. thuringiensis spores (> 10(12)/l) and proteinaceous aggregates, including crystal-like parasporal inclusion bodies (pib). based on concerns over relatedness to b. cereus-group pathogens, we conducted extensive testing of b. thuringiensis (bt) products and their subfractions using seven human cell types. the ... | 2000 | 11049810 |
| [construction of b. thuringiensis shuttle vector and expression of the cry1c gene]. | we have constructed the e. coli-bt shuttle vector phv-1 by cloning the replicon (approximately 1.6 kb) of bt ken-ag and the aphi gene of puc4k into puc19. the rate of plasmid maintenance is more than 80% after 100 generations in e. coli, whereas 80% after 40 generations in bti 4q8. we have also constructed phv-cry1c through cloning the alpha-amylase promoter from b. licheniformis and the cry1c gene from bt 9510 into phv-1 and introduced it into bti 4q8 by means of electroporation. under the micr ... | 2000 | 11051727 |
| [construction and bioassay of secondary recombinant baculovirus with two foreign gene]. | plasmid pacleneo which bears neomycin gene derived by the baculovirus ie1 promotor was digested and the gene was harvested. a transfer vector pac34dz2 in which the polyhedrin envelope gene has been inactivated by insertion of expression cassette of pie1/neo was constructed by inserting the neo cassette into the saci site of plasmid pac34dz1. we have constructed the polyhedrin positive recombinant virus (i) vacphbtt which was able to express bt truncated endotoxin gene. in order to improve the in ... | 2000 | 11051817 |
| frequency of alleles conferring resistance to a bacillus thuringiensis toxin in a philippine population of scirpophaga incertulas (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | using the f2 screen methodology, we estimated the frequency of alleles conferring resistance to the cry1ab toxin of bacillus thuringiensis berliner in a philippine population of the stem borer scirpophaga incertulas (walker). evaluation of >450 isofemale lines for survival of f2 larvae on cry1ab plants did not detect the presence of an allele conferring a high level of resistance. the frequency of such an allele in the sampled population was conservatively estimated to be <3.6 x 10(-3) with 95% ... | 2000 | 11057726 |
| taco dispute underscores need for standardized tests. | 2000 | 11062423 | |
| super-infection by bacillus thuringiensis h34 or 3a3b can lead to death in mice infected with the influenza a virus. | bacterial super-infections are the main cause of complication and mortality after influenza virus (iav) infection. since bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is considered non-pathogenic for humans and is widely sprayed in urban areas, the aim of this work was to evaluate the potential pathogenicity of a combined infection bt-iav in a mouse model of pneumonia. bacteria used for super-infections were bt serotype h34 isolated from human infection and the insecticidal strain 3a3b obtained from a commercial ... | 2000 | 11064263 |
| the plcr regulon is involved in the opportunistic properties of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus in mice and insects. | bacillus thuringiensis has been widely used for 40 years as a safe biopesticide for controlling agricultural pests and mosquitoes because it produces insecticidal crystal proteins. however, spores have also been shown to contribute to overall entomopathogenicity. here, the opportunistic properties of acrystalliferous b. thuringiensis cry(-) and bacillus cereus strains were investigated in an insect species, galleria mellonella, and in a mammal, balb/c mice. in both animal models, the pathogenici ... | 2000 | 11065361 |
| safety and advantages of bacillus thuringiensis-protected plants to control insect pests. | plants modified to express insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (referred to as bt-protected plants) provide a safe and highly effective method of insect control. bt-protected corn, cotton, and potato were introduced into the united states in 1995/1996 and grown on a total of approximately 10 million acres in 1997, 20 million acres in 1998, and 29 million acres globally in 1999. the extremely rapid adoption of these bt-protected crops demonstrates the outstanding grower satisfaction ... | 2000 | 11067772 |
| characterization of the anti-cancer-cell parasporal proteins of a bacillus thuringiensis isolate. | an unusual activity, associated with non-insecticidal and non-haemolytic parasporal inclusion proteins of a bacillus thuringiensis soil isolate, designated 89-t-26-17, was characterized. the parasporal inclusion of this isolate was bipyramidal, rounded at both ends, containing proteins of 180, 150, 120, 100, and 88 kda. no homologies with the cry and cyt proteins of b. thuringiensis were detected based on n-terminal sequences. proteolytic processing of the inclusion proteins by proteinase k, try ... | 2000 | 11068678 |
| role of two arginine residues in domain ii, loop 2 of cry1ab and cry1ac bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin in toxicity and binding to manduca sexta and lymantria dispar aminopeptidase n. | two arginine residues (368-369) of cry1ab and cry1ac were mutated to alanine, glutamic acid and lysine by site-directed mutagenesis. insecticidal activities of the mutant toxins on manduca sexta and lymantria dispar larvae were examined. cry1ac mutant toxins (c)rr-aa and (c)rr-ee and cry1ab mutant toxins (b)rr-aa and (b)rr-ee showed great reductions in toxicity against both insects. in contrast, conservatively changed (c)rr-kk and (b)rr-kk mutants did not alter toxicity to either insect. binding ... | 2000 | 11069655 |
| characterization of inta 51-3, a new atypical strain of bacillus thuringiensis from argentina. | several isolates of bacillus thuringiensis native to argentina obtained in a nationwide screening program showed atypical crystal morphology. one of these strains, inta 51-3, was further characterized in order to determine other features like protein composition of its parasporal crystal, plasmid pattern, identification of cry genes and toxicological properties. b. thuringiensis inta 51-3 (serovar tohokuensis) had an amorphous inclusion containing a major protein component of ca. 130 kda. after ... | 2000 | 11080388 |