Publications

processing of bacillus cereus 569/h beta-lactamase i in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis.	the gene for bacillus cereus 569/h beta-lactamase i, penpc, has recently been cloned and sequenced (mézes, p. s. f., yang, y. q., hussain, m., and lampen, j. o. (1983) febs lett. 161, 195-200). a typical prokaryotic signal peptide but with no lipoprotein modification site, as present in the bacillus licheniformis 749/c beta-lactamase, was indicated by the dna sequence for this secretory protein. we have here purified the beta-lactamase i products found in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis c ...	1985	3918030
polymer-level synthesis of oxopyrimidine deoxynucleotides by bacillus subtilis phage sp10: characterization of modification-defective mutants.	bacillus subtilis phage sp10 dna has two oxopyrimidines, thymidine 5'-monophosphate (dtmp) and its hypermodified analog (ydtmp). published data suggest that both are synthesized by postreplicational modification of 5-hydroxymethyldeoxyuridylate (homedump) in nascent dna by the following pathway: homedump----ppomedump----dtmp (85%) or ydtmp (15%); ppomedump is 5-(hydroxymethyl-o-pyrophosphoryl)deoxyuridylate, the pyrophosphoric acid ester of the c5ch2oh function of homedump. this paper describes ...	1985	3918174
antimicrobial activity of bupivacaine and morphine.	antimicrobial activity of bupivacaine and morphine against 10 microbial strains was studied with an agar dilution method. the strains tested were escherichia coli (atcc 25922), pseudomonas aeruginosa (atcc 27853), staphylococcus aureus (atcc 25923), and one of each of the clinical isolates of staphylococcus epidermidis (a multiresistant strain), staphylococcus epidermidis (a sensitive strain), streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes (a), streptococcus faecalis, bacillus cereus, and cand ...	1985	3918482
microbiological aspects of goat's milk. a public health laboratory service survey.	in a 12-month survey (june 1982-may 1983) 41 laboratories examined 2493 samples of goat's milk for colony counts and the presence of pathogens. the statutory tests for cow's milk were also applied. surface counts of less than 10(5) organisms per ml of raw milk were given by 79% of samples at 37 degrees c and by 76% at 22 degrees c. there were less than 100 coliforms per ml in 71% of samples, less than 10 escherichia coli per ml in 91%. staphylococcus aureus was not detected in countable numbers ...	1985	3919086
life-threatening complications associated with bacillus cereus pneumonia.	bacillus species are identified as pathogens in lung and pleural space infections with increasing frequency. we report a patient who developed life-threatening complications of bacillus cereus pneumonia, including massive hemoptysis, acute respiratory failure, tension pneumothorax, empyema, and bronchopleural fistula. we also review the pertinent literature concerning the associated underlying disorders, complications, and therapy of bacillus species pulmonary infections.	1985	3919626
properties and origin of filamentous appendages on spores of bacillus cereus.	some physical, chemical, and immunological properties of filamentous appendages and the exosporium on the spores of bacillus cereus were examined for the purpose of elucidating the origin of filamentous appendages. the main components of both filamentous appendages and the exosporium were protein and their amino acid compositions were similar in point of a high content of glycine, alanine, threonine, valine, and acidic amino acids and a low content of basic and sulphur-containing amino acids. tr ...	1985	3921809
[properties of the phospholipases c from bacillus cereus].	three different phospholipases c--the so-called phospholipase c which hydrolyses phosphatidylcholine (pch-plc), sphingomyelinase (sm-plc) and phosphatidylinositol hydrolysing phospholipase c (pi-plc)--were separated from the culture filtrate of bacillus cereus using column chromatography on deae-sephadex a-50. the pi values were estimated to be 5.0 +/- 0.3 for pi-plc and 5.3 +/- 0.2 for sm-plc. the effect of some bivalent cations was studied. metal ions had no effect on the activity of pi-plc, w ...	1985	3921953
[occurrence of enteritis-causing agents in private households--a pilot study].	the increasing occurrence of infectious enteritis caused us to perform a prospective, epidemiological pilotstudy in households, in order to receive informations about the practicability of such a project and the bacteriology of food prepared at home as well. 10 families were asked to gather samples of all foodstuffs consumed during the day in separate containers and to keep them frozen at - 20 degrees c until collected by us once a week. thus we received 4.683 samples within a 6-months-period. i ...	1985	3922161
bacillus cereus, diarrhea, and home-dried apples.		1985	3922272
demonstration of a capsule plasmid in bacillus anthracis.	virulent and certain avirulent strains of bacillus anthracis harbor a plasmid, designated pxo2, which is involved in the synthesis of capsules. two classes of rough, noncapsulated (cap-) variants were isolated from the capsule-producing (cap+) pasteur vaccine strains atcc 6602 and atcc 4229. one class was cured of pxo2, and the other class still carried it. reversion to cap+ was demonstrable only in rough variants which had retained pxo2. proof that pxo2 is involved in capsule synthesis came fro ...	1985	3926644
on the mechanism of cereobiogen readjustment to dysbiosis.		1985	3927307
bacillus cereus panophthalmitis appearing as acute glaucoma in a drug addict.		1985	3927739
dissemination of bacillus cereus in a maternity unit.	during a period of 4 months, 54 of 1059 (5%) specimens received for bacterial culture from neonates in a maternity unit yielded bacillus cereus. of the strains isolated, 48 originated from 259 umbilical cord swabs examined. furthermore, 88% of the isolates belonged to a single, previously undescribed serotype. strains of the same serotype were also found to be widely distributed in the environment throughout the maternity unit. the primary source of the organism, however, could not be establishe ...	1985	3928765
charged detergents enhance the activity of phospholipase c (bacillus cereus) towards micellar short-chain phosphatidylcholine.	phospholipase c (phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphohydrolase, ec 3.1.4.3) (bacillus cereus) activity toward diheptanoylphosphatidylcholine is increased 50-100% by low concentrations of both positively and negatively charged detergents. zwitterionic and nonionic detergents have no such activating effect. this charged detergent activation requires an interface, since comparable detergent concentrations have no effect on the hydrolysis rate of monomeric dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine. from nmr and d ...	1985	3929839
the amino acid sequence of the zinc-requiring beta-lactamase ii from the bacterium bacillus cereus 569.	the amino acid sequence of the zinc-requiring beta-lactamase ii from bacillus cereus strain 569 has been determined. it consists of a single polypeptide chain of 227 residues. it is the only example so far fully characterized of a class b beta-lactamase, and is structurally and mechanistically distinct from both the widely distributed class a beta-lactamases (such as the escherichia coli rtem enzyme) and from the chromosomally encoded class c enzymes from gram-negative bacteria.	1985	3930290
cloning and sequencing of the metallothioprotein beta-lactamase ii gene of bacillus cereus 569/h in escherichia coli.	the structural gene for beta-lactamase ii (ec 3.5.2.6), a metallothioenzyme, from bacillus cereus 569/h (constitutive for high production of the enzyme) was cloned in escherichia coli, and the nucleotide sequence was determined. this is the first class b beta-lactamase whose primary structure has been reported. the amino acid sequence of the exoenzyme form, deduced from the dna, indicates that beta-lactamase ii, like other secreted proteins, is synthesized as a precursor with a 30-amino acid n-t ...	1985	3930467
trypsinlike enzymes from dormant and germinated spores of bacillus cereus t and their possible involvement in germination.	trypsin-like enzymes were studied in dormant, activated, and germinated spores of bacillus cereus t. dormant spores contained two heat-labile enzyme activities. one was extractable with 2 m kcl and hydrolyzed azo-albumin. the second, a trypsinlike activity, was not extractable with 2 m kcl and hydrolyzed benzoyl-l-arginine-p-nitroanilide. because of their heat instability, these two enzyme activities are probably not involved in the germination of heat-activated spores. upon germination of heat- ...	1985	3930468
use of microbial beta-lactamase to destroy penicillin added to milk.	a simple method is described for destruction of penicillin residues in bulk milk to an undetectable amount (less than .003 u/ml) with commercially available crude beta-lactamase enzyme. milk containing .1 or .5 u/ml penicillin g was treated with .01 to 1.0 mu/ml of beta-lactamase (bacillus cereus) for up to 96 h. the bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis assay was used to quantify penicillin in milk between .003 to 1.0 u/ml. the .5 u/ml of penicillin g was reduced to an undetectable amou ...	1985	3930584
[role of ribosidase in germination of bacillus cereus t spores induced by l-alanine and inosine].		1985	3930808
the relation between the diarrheal and other biological activities of bacillus cereus involved in food poisoning outbreaks.		1985	3930821
aminoglycosides and penicillins can be inactivated by one enzyme, penicillinase.		1985	3930974
[changes in the structural function of the membrane of m. lysodeikticus as affected by preparations of the bacterial autoregulatory factors d1].	introduction of factors d1 isolated from the culture fluids of b. cereus and ps. carboxydoflava into cytoplasmic membranes of m. lysodeikticus resulted in a higher microviscosity of the lipid phase. factor d1 changes the ion permeability of an artificial bilayer membrane as well as reduces the content of free water in the bacterial paste. it is assumed that registered structural changes may result from the interaction of the factor molecules with membrane lipids and be the main reason of changes ...	1985	3931069
inhibition of germinant binding by bacterial spores in acidic environments.	commitment to germinate occurred in both clostridium botulinum and bacillus cereus spores during 0.5 min of exposure to 100 mm l-alanine or l-cysteine, measured by the inability of germination inhibitors (d form of amino acid) to inhibit germination. spore germination at ph 4.5 was inhibited because the germinant did not bind to the trigger sites. c. botulinum spores exposed to 100 mm l-alanine or l-cysteine at ph 4.5 remained sensitive to d-amino acid inhibition at ph 7, indicating that no germ ...	1985	3931549
the production and molecular properties of the zinc beta-lactamase of pseudomonas maltophilia iid 1275.	the production and purification of a tetrameric zinc beta-lactamase from pseudomonas maltophilia iid 1275 were greatly improved. three charge variants were isolated by chromatofocusing. the subunits each contain two atomic proportions of zinc and (in two of the variants) one residue of cysteine. the thiol group is not required for activity, nor does it appear to bind to the metal. replacement of zinc by cobalt, cadmium or nickel takes place at a measurable rate, and gives enzymes that are less a ...	1985	3931629
single-turnover and steady-state kinetics of hydrolysis of cephalosporins by beta-lactamase i from bacillus cereus.	the kinetics of the hydrolysis of two cephalosporins by beta-lactamase i from bacillus cereus 569/h/9 has been studied by single-turnover and steady-state methods. single-turnover kinetics could be measured over the time scale of minutes when cephalosporin c was the substrate. the other substrate, 7-(2',4'-dinitrophenylamino)deacetoxycephalosporanic acid, was hydrolysed even more slowly, and has potential for use in crystallographic studies of beta-lactamases. comparison of single-turnover and s ...	1985	3933490
sensitivity of phospholipase c (bacillus cereus) activity to phosphatidylcholine structural modifications.	the structural features of a phosphatidylcholine molecule important for binding to phospholipase c (bacillus cereus) have been examined using kinetic analyses of a series of short-chain phosphatidylcholines and analogues. lipids examined had varying chain lengths, methyl branched chains, phenyl alkanoate chains, and a single fatty acyl chain (lysophosphatidylcholines). a comparison of vmax and km for monomolecularly dispersed dibutyroyl-, dihexanoyl- and diheptanoylphosphatidylcholine indicates ...	1985	3933566
bovine abortion caused by bacillus cereus.	bacillus cereus was identified as an infrequent abortigenic agent in cattle. necrotizing placentitis with no or sporadic lesions in fetal tissues was seen. bacillus cereus was isolated in pure culture from fetal tissue and/or placenta. the recent identification of a bovine abortion caused by b cereus, prompted a retrospective survey of the pathology files. eight of 947 bovine abortions were attributed to b cereus. bacillus cereus is often mistaken as a contaminant in bovine abortion because of t ...	1985	3934117
food poisoning and other clinical diseases caused by bacillus cereus.		1985	3934309
[comparative biochemistry of microbial base-specific ribonucleases].		1985	3934711
cryoenzymology of bacillus cereus beta-lactamase ii.	the effects of cryosolvents and subzero temperatures on the metalloenzyme beta-lactamase ii from bacillus cereus have been investigated. preliminary experiments led to the selection of suitable systems for the study of beta-lactamase ii catalysis at low temperatures, namely, cobalt(ii) beta-lactamase ii hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin in 60% (v/v) ethylene glycol and zinc beta-lactamase ii hydrolysis of the chromophoric cephalosporin nitrocefin in 60% (v/v) methanol. progress curves for the hydro ...	1985	3935166
studies on the procoagulant activity of human amniotic fluid. ii. the role of factor vii.	partially purified amniotic fluid factor (aff) is found to directly activate human factor x, with a km for factor x of 0.37 +/- 0.06 m. added phospholipid has only a slight effect on the activation at low concentrations, and inhibits the reaction at higher concentrations. both dipf and pmsf inhibit aff factor x activation. although added phospholipid is not required for aff-activity, phospholipase c rapidly destroys it, indicating the presence of intrinsic phospholipid. phospholipase c treated a ...	1985	3936221
[electrophoretic method of demonstrating antibiotic residues in meat and eggs].	studies were carried out on smither and vanghan's electrophoretic method with the use of high voltage. the method was found to be readily reproducible and to have good sensitivity. it could be successfully used in the demonstration and identification of residual amounts of antibiotics in meat and eggs. it was also established that with the use of agarose of ph 6.0 amino glycosides, beta-lactams, flavomycin, spectinomycin, and monensin showed higher migration capacity. the same value of ph was co ...	1985	3936255
bacillus cereus pleuropulmonary infection in a normal host.		1985	3936280
multiple modes of inhibition of spore germination and outgrowth by reduced ph and sorbate.	germination and outgrowth of three strains of clostridium botulinum in pyeg medium were measured by phase contrast microscopy. reduction in ph from 7 to 5.5 completely inhibited germination of strain 12885a, reduced the extent of germination of strain 62a and had no effect on the extent of germination of strain 53b. at ph 5.5, 225 mg/l of undissociated sorbic acid had no effect on the germination of strain 53b, while at ph 6.5, 225 mg/l of undissociated sorbic acid completely inhibited germinati ...	1985	3936834
[evaluation of the incidence and toxicity of samples of bacillus cereus in various classes of foods sold and consumed in the state of rio de janeiro].	one hundred and fourteen strains of bacillus cereus were isolated during presumptive plate-counts from 18 groups of industrialized, non-industrialized, crude or cooked food, belonging to 10 separate classes. specific presumptive counts ranged from 10(2) to 6 x 10(3)/g or ml. among these isolates, 13 strains were derived from 3 outbreaks of food poisoning (involving a minimum of 57 people), as determined by the assayed bacteriological quality of the ingested foods. as an adopted procedure to corr ...	1985	3937011
isolation and enumeration of b. cereus and some other micro-organisms from balady bread.		1985	3937343
intestinal carriage of bacillus cereus: faecal isolation studies in three population groups.	the results of examinations of stools for bacillus cereus among three unrelated groups of individuals are presented. the groups consisted of (1) healthy school-children aged 6-11 years in a rural region of south africa examined during each of the four seasons of the year; (2) 15 healthy volunteers comprising staff of a london microbiology laboratory and their families examined on each of 3 consecutive weeks; (3) 75 unrelated young children, 2 months to 5 years of age, in a second rural region of ...	1985	3937856
investigations on the sporicidal and fungicidal activity of disinfectants.	the sporicidal and fungicidal activity of disinfectants was studied in a suspension test. glutaraldehyde 4%, sodium-dichloroisocyanurate-dihydrate (2400 ppm active chlorine) and peracetic acid 0.25% demonstrated after 30 min of exposure at 20 degrees c in the presence of 4% horse serum a clear activity against spores of bacillus cereus. under the same conditions formaldehyde 4% and glutaraldehyde 2% were also found to be sporicidal, but only after a longer time of exposure. spores of bacillus an ...	1985	3938146
nucleotide sequence of the beta-lactamase gene of alkalophilic bacillus sp. strain 170.	a gene for the beta-lactamase from alkalophilic bacillus sp. strain 170 was cloned in a functional state on a 1.0 kb dna fragment and its nucleotide sequence was determined. the coding sequence showed an open reading frame of 257 amino acids, which represents the beta-lactamase precursor protein. it is considered that the signal peptide consisted of 30 amino acids including 12 hydrophobic amino acids.	1985	3938474
mechanism of ca2+ and dipicolinic acid requirement for l-alanine induced germination of bacillus cereus bis-59 spores.	spores prepared from different sporulating media containing varying amounts of ca and dipicolinic acid (dpa), exhibited differential responses to germination in l-alanine (0.25 m). ca-spores with moderately high ca and dpa contents could be triggered to germination by l-alanine, whereas p-spores with low contents of ca and dpa could not be germinated by l-alanine unless ca2+ or dpa was exogenously added. the initiation of l-alanine induced germination by p-spores in the presence of 45cacl2 was a ...	1985	3938515
[food poisoning caused by bacillus cereus].	an outbreak of food poisoning was observed in sivas on march 27, 1985 involving 25 patients who work at the same place. clinical picture was characterized with nausea, abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. b. cereus was isolated from the stool of 4 patients. no other enteropathogens were found.	1985	3938520
[protoplast fusion in bacillus cereus].	polyethyleneglycol induced fusion of bacillus cereus protoplasts and its genetic consequences have been investigated. the technique used allows the transfer of a small plasmid pbc16 between bacillus cereus cells. fusion has resulted in isolation of hybrid cells having acquired tcr phenotype (harbouring pbc16) with high frequencies (10(-2)-10(-3)). however, the genetic instability of hybrid cells and segregation effects have influenced dramatically the final results of plasmid transfer. neverthel ...	1985	3939571
[effect of the relative humidity of the air and of the attendant microflora on aflatoxin formation in food concentrates].		1985	3939832
methyl branching in short-chain lecithins: are both chains important for effective phospholipase a2 activity?	several seven-carbon fatty acyl lecithins with varied acyl chain branching have been synthesized and characterized as potential phospholipase a2 substrates. micellar bis(4,4-dimethylpentanoyl) phosphatidylcholine, bis(5-methylhexanoyl)phosphatidylcholine, bis(3-methylhexanoyl)phosphatidylcholine, and bis(2-methylhexanoyl)phosphatidylcholine are poor substrates for phospholipase a2 (naja naja naja). these branched lecithins also inhibit the hydrolysis of diheptanoylphosphatidylcholine by the enzy ...	1985	3986178
mating system for transfer of plasmids among bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis.	to facilitate the analysis of genetic determinants carried by large resident plasmids of bacillus anthracis, a mating system was developed which promotes plasmid transfer among strains of b. anthracis, b. cereus, and b. thuringiensis. transfer of the selectable tetracycline resistance plasmid pbc16 and other plasmids from b. thuringiensis to b. anthracis and b. cereus recipients occurred during mixed incubation in broth. two plasmids, pxo11 and pxo12, found in b. thuringiensis were responsible f ...	1985	3988702
localization of phosphatidylcholine in outer envelope membrane of spinach chloroplasts.	we have examined the effects of phospholipase c from bacillus cereus on the extent of phospholipid hydrolysis in envelope membrane vesicles and in intact chloroplasts. when isolated envelope vesicles were incubated in presence of phospholipase c, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol, but not phosphatidylinositol, were totally converted into diacylglycerol if they were available to the enzyme (i.e., when the vesicles were sonicated in presence of phospholipase c). these experiments demons ...	1985	3988805
beta-casomorphin immunoreactive materials in cows' milk incubated with various bacterial species.	to obtain information about the possible release of beta-casomorphins from beta-casein under in vitro conditions, cows' milk was incubated with 13 strains of gram-negative or gram-positive bacterial species isolated from bovine milk. after incubation periods of 1-24 d, milk samples were assayed for beta-casomorphin-4, -5, -6 or -7 immunoreactive materials. in general, no beta-casomorphin immunoreactive material was found in samples incubated with non-caseolytic strains, e.g. pseudomonas putida o ...	1985	3989066
electrophoretic characterization of hepatic alkaline phosphatase released by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. a comparison with liver membrane and serum-soluble forms.	alkaline phosphatase was solubilized from plasma membrane of rat liver with butanol-ol, bile acids or sodium deoxycholate, and electrophoretically compared with a soluble form in serum which was derived from the liver. the three enzyme preparations from the plasma membrane migrated at the same position on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of either triton x-100 or sodium dodecyl sulphate. the mobility of them, however, was distinctly different from that of the serum-soluble form ...	1985	3994680
studies on phospholipase a inhibitor in blood plasma. ii. interaction of phospholipase a inhibitor with phospholipase a and its specificity.	non-competitive inhibition of snake venom phospholipase a2 which has been exhibited by bovine plasma phospholipase a inhibitor, a kind of lipoprotein, was not observed unless the inhibitor was preincubated with the enzyme. the inhibition seemed to be due to the formation of the enzyme-inhibitor complex, which was identified by immunoelectrophoresis. the enzyme-inhibitor interaction was observed maximally on incubation at physiological ph, but not below ph 5. the inhibitor was inactivated by tryp ...	1985	4044547
[determination of the killing rate of bacillus spores by peracetic acid].	the sporocidal properties of peracetic acid (paa) at defined concentrations were characterized by determination of decrease in paa after addition of d-glucose, human albumin and suspensions of spores; concentration of paa, which inactivates 10(6)-10(7) spores of bacillus cereus, b. subtilis, b. megaterium and b. licheniformis within 10-30 min; inactivation constant k, decimal reduction time d and the sporocidal index (mg paa x min x ml-1) at that concentration. in contrast to albumin, the spore ...	1985	4050179
antibiotic identification by high voltage electrophoresis bioautography.	the high voltage electrophoresis bioautography method is applicable to meat, milk, and animal feeds. meat is freeze-dried, powdered, and extracted with acetonitrile-water (9 + 1), and the extract is concentrated by evaporation at room temperature. milk is examined directly or following acetonitrile-water extraction. feed is extracted with acetonitrile-water. samples or extracts are applied to preliminary assay plates of antibiotic medium no. 1 at ph 6 and 8, seeded with micrococcus luteus (atcc ...	1985	4055617
[antibacterial properties of some spice plants before and after heat treatment].	this study was carried out to understand the antibacterial properties of some spice plants before and after heat treatment in boiling water. the samples included the core and the outer layers of onion, the white and the green parts of green onion, garlic bulb, ginger, ginger root, sweet pepper, chili pepper, brown pepper, and mustard. the test microorganisms included escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, vibrio parahaemolyticus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus aureus ...	1985	4064797
a preliminary survey of aerobic bacteria in breast milk of mothers from the low-income group in nigeria.	the aerobic bacteria colonizing breast milk of the low-income group in nigeria were quantified to assess its suitability for use in milk banks. in parallel, the nutritional and health status of donating mothers and their infants were assessed by physicians. the aerobic bacteria contained in the specimens included streptococcus salivarius, bacillus cereus, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter aerogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus epi ...	1985	4071647
characterization of bacteria by particle beam mass spectrometry.	a technique is described for detecting and characterizing bacteria on a single-particle basis by mass spectrometry. the method involves generation of a particle beam of single whole cells which are rapidly volatilized and ionized in vacuum in the ion source of a quadrupole mass spectrometer. the particle beam can be generated, with minimal sample handling, from a naturally occurring aerosol or from a solution of bacteria that can be dispersed as an aerosol. the mass spectrum is generated by succ ...	1985	16346802
leishmania and trypanosoma surface glycoproteins have a common glycophospholipid membrane anchor.	the variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) of the african trypanosomes is the major membrane protein of the plasma membrane of the bloodstream stage of the parasite. it is anchored in the plasma membrane by a glycolipid covalently bound to the c-terminal amino acid of the protein. the vsg is released through the action of a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c that removes dimyristoylglycerol and exposes the carbohydrate antigenic determinant common to all vsgs. promastigotes of leishmania ...	1986	3461472
tertiary structural similarity between a class a beta-lactamase and a penicillin-sensitive d-alanyl carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase.	beta-lactam antibiotics--the penicillins, cephalosporins and related compounds--act by inhibiting enzymes that catalyse the final stages of the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. recent crystallographic studies of representative enzymes are beginning to reveal the structural bases of antibiotic specificity and mechanism of action, while intensive efforts are being made to understand the beta-lactamase enzymes that are largely responsible for bacterial resistance to these antibiotics. it has been ...	1986	3485771
carboxy groups as essential residues in beta-lactamases.	beta-lactamases are divided into classes a, b and c on the basis of their amino acid sequences. beta-lactamases were incubated at ph 4.0 with the carboxy-group reagent 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodi-imide plus a coloured nucleophile and the extents of inactivation and nucleophile incorporation were monitored. two class a enzymes (from bacillus cereus and bacillus licheniformis) and two class c enzymes (from enterobacter cloacae p99 and pseudomonas aeruginosa) were examined. all four en ...	1986	3493768
in-vitro activity of ru 28965, a new macrolide, compared to that of erythromycin.	the activity of a novel macrolide, ru 28965, was compared to that of erythromycin against gram-positive organisms isolated mainly from cancer patients. ru 28965 was active against streptococci including streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcal groups a, b and g. it was also active against methicillin-susceptible staphylococci, bacillus cereus and listeria monocytogenes. its activity against these organisms was generally equal to that of erythromycin. ru 28965 was moderately active against ente ...	1986	3700283
the major surface protein of leishmania promastigotes is anchored in the membrane by a myristic acid-labeled phospholipid.	promastigotes of the protozoan parasite leishmania major were biosynthetically labeled with myristic acid. solubilization and phase separation in the non-ionic detergent triton x-114 shows that the label is not incorporated into soluble hydrophilic proteins, but is incorporated into a few insoluble proteins. the bulk of the incorporated fatty acid is associated with a heterogeneous phosphorylated glycolipid and a few amphiphilic integral membrane proteins. among these, the major surface protein ...	1986	3709520
a novel nontoxic alkyl-phospholipid with selective antitumor activity, plasmanyl-(n-acyl)-ethanolamine (pnae), isolated from degenerating chick embryonal tissues and from an anticancer biopreparation cacpl.	a novel alkyl-phospholipid with selective antitumor activity was isolated from an anticancer biopreparation cacpl (crude anticancer phospholipids) and from tissues of degenerating chick embryos. the alkyl-phospholipid was isolated and purified by chromatographic methods using silicic acid column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. the chemical structure of the alkyl-phospholipid was characterized by thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the degradation products after enzymatic digesti ...	1986	3713923
effect of phospholipase c on high-molecular-mass alkaline phosphatase in serum.	electrophoresis of some serum samples on polyacrylamide gel, followed by staining for alkaline phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.1), produces a band of activity at the gel origin. this high-mr band consists of liver membrane fragments containing alkaline phosphatase and other enzymes. alkaline phosphatase is closely associated with phosphatidylinositol in liver plasma membranes, and we have found that phospholipase c (ec 3.1.4.3) from bacillus cereus, known to possess some phosphatidylinositol specificity, ...	1986	3731443
interplay between lipids and viral glycoproteins during hemolysis and fusion by influenza virus.	since mixtures of lipids alone are known to elicit membrane fusion without participation of fusion proteins, the role of viral lipids in the so-called virus-induced hemolysis and cell fusion has been investigated, using as a model the fowl plague virus (influenza a/fpv/rostock/h7n1). the experiments were planned in a way that allowed quantitative modification of viral lipids without changing envelope glycoproteins. under the conditions employed, cholesterol oxidase of nocardia erythropolis and p ...	1986	3759942
ultrastructural observations on peritoneal exudate cells from the striped bass.	an ultrastructural study was conducted of the principal cells recovered from the peritoneal exudate of striped bass (morone saxatilis) injected with killed bacillus cereus. the most frequently observed cells were identified as macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils on the basis of comparing their structure with that reported for other fish species and higher vertebrates. all three of the types of cells were phagocytic; however, the numbers of bacteria engulfed were limited. like other studies ...	1986	3765336
metastatic bacterial endophthalmitis: a contemporary reappraisal.	metastatic bacterial endophthalmitis remains a challenge to the clinician despite the success of antibiotics in reducing its frequency and severity. controversy currently surrounds the management of this condition because of uncertainty about the value of and indications for vitreous surgery. we review 72 cases of metastatic endophthalmitis from the past decade, including five not previously published. the spectrum of causative bacteria changed significantly during this period, with displacement ...	1986	3541265
release of the 120 kda component of the mouse neural cell adhesion molecule n-cam from cell surfaces by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c.	to study the membrane anchoring of the 120 kda component of the neural cell adhesion molecule n-cam, the smallest form lacking a transmembrane domain, cultured mouse neural cells were treated with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from staphylococcus aureus. when live cultures of astrocytes and neurons are treated with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c, n-cam120 is released into the supernatant. under these conditions n-cam140 and n-cam180 are not released. phospholipase ...	1986	3822237
the membrane-anchoring systems of vertebrate acetylcholinesterase and variant surface glycoproteins of african trypanosomes share a common antigenic determinant.	amphiphilic detergent-soluble acetylcholinesterase (ache) from torpedo is converted to a hydrophilic form by digestion with phospholipase c from trypanosoma brucei or from bacillus cereus. this lipase digestion uncovers an immunological determinant which crossreacts with a complex carbohydrate structure present in the hydrophilic form of all variant surface glycoproteins (vsg) of t. brucei. this crossreacting determinant is also detected in human erythrocyte ache after digestion with t. brucei l ...	1986	2422055
sporulation-dependent phagelike particles in inclusion-forming bacillus species.	phagelike particles, which have been observed in sporulated cells of bacillus medusa, were found to appear at about late stage ii in all subspecies of bacillus thuringiensis toxic to mosquito larvae. all phagelike particles were similar in size and shape and when purified possessed capsid proteins of similar molecular weights and immune reaction. the synthesis of the major capsid protein occurred at the same time as complete phagelike particles were detected by electron microscopy. the productio ...	1986	2424582
in vivo effect of lipoteichoic acid on biochemical function of peritoneal macrophages.		1986	2426192
effect of phospholipases on chronic opiate action in neuroblastoma x glioma ng108-15 hybrid cells.	chronic treatment of neuroblastoma x glioma ng108-15 hybrid cells with opiate agonist resulted in loss of the acute opiate inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity with a concomitant increase in the enzymatic activity observable on addition of the antagonist naloxone. the role of membrane lipids in the cellular expression of these chronic opiate effects was investigated by the hydrolysis of phospholipids with various lipases. treatment with phospholipase c from clostridium welchii produced an en ...	1986	3018158
effects of metal ions on sphingomyelinase activity of bacillus cereus.	some divalent metal ions were examined for their effects on sphingomyelinase activity of bacillus cereus. the enzyme activity toward mixed micelles of sphingomyelin and triton x-100 proved to be stimulated by co2+ and mn2+, as well as by mg2+. km's for co2+ and mn2+ were 7.4 and 1.7 microm, respectively, being smaller than the km for mg2+ (38 microm). sr2+ proved to be a competitive inhibitor against mg2+, with a ki value of 1 mm. zn2+ completely abolished the enzyme activity at concentrations a ...	1986	3019244
a spectral study of cobalt(ii)-substituted bacillus cereus phospholipase c.	the coordination sphere of both the structural and catalytic zinc ions of bacillus cereus phospholipase c has been probed by substitution of cobalt(ii) for zinc and investigation of the resultant derivatives by a variety of spectroscopic techniques. the electronic absorption, circular dichroic, magnetic circular dichroic, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were found to be strikingly similar when cobalt(ii) was substituted into either site and are consistent with a distorted octahedral ...	1986	3019384
two different parasporal inclusions are produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. finitimus.	bacillus thuringiensis subsp. finitimus produced at least two parasporal inclusions. one inclusion was formed within the exosporium and remained with the spore after mother cell lysis. a second inclusion formed somewhat later exterior to the exosporium. each inclusion contained a major polypeptide of about 135,000 daltons with unique antigenic determinants. this subspecies contained only two plasmids, of 98 and 77 megadaltons (mda). strains cured of these plasmids produced only the free inclusio ...	1986	3001026
phospholipid requirement of ca2+-stimulated, mg2+-dependent atp hydrolysis in rat brain synaptic membranes.	the phospholipid requirement for ca2+-stimulated, mg2+-dependent atp hydrolysis (ca2+/mg2+-atpase) and mg2+-stimulated atp hydrolysis (mg2+-atpase) in rat brain synaptosomal membranes was studied employing partial delipidation of the membranes with phospholipase a2 (hog pancreas), phospholipase c (bacillus cereus) and phospholipase d (cabbage). treatment with phospholipase a2 caused an increase in the activities of both ca2+/mg2+-atpase and mg2+-atpase whereas with phospholipase c treatment both ...	1986	2946970
studies on glucosyltransferase and endogenous glucosyl acceptor in bacillus cereus ahu 1030 membranes.	a glucosyltransferase, extracted from the membranes of bacillus cereus ahu 1030 with tris-hcl buffer containing 0.1% triton x-100 at ph 9.5, was separated from an endogenous glucosyl acceptor by chromatography on deae-sepharose cl-6b subsequent to chromatography on sepharose 6b. structural analysis data showed that the glucosyl acceptor was a glycerol phosphate polymer linked to beta-gentiobiosyl diglyceride. the enzyme catalyzed the transfer of glucosyl residues from udp-glucose to c-2 of the g ...	1986	2952639
experimental bacillus cereus mastitis in cows.		1986	2953188
identification of an essential glutamic acid residue in beta-lactamase ii from bacillus cereus.	beta-lactamase ii from bacillus cereus was readily inactivated by incubation at ph 4.75 with a water-soluble carbodiimide plus a suitable nucleophile. in the early stages of the reaction, 1 equivalent of nucleophile was incorporated/equivalent of enzyme, whereas during the later stages a second equivalent of nucleophile was also incorporated. this latter process correlated with the blocking of the enzyme's single thiol group. enzyme inactivated in the presence of the coloured nucleophile n-(2,4- ...	1986	2869754
microbiological quality of products used in enteral feeds.	the microbiological quality of 19 commonly used nasogastric feeds and feed ingredients was determined. thirteen of the products yielded no viable micro-organisms while six, all of which were powders containing milk or whey proteins, gave aerobic viable counts from 50-3000 organisms g-1. possible microbial limits for enteral feeds are discussed with reference to those already suggested for special dietary products, infant formulas and non-sterile pharmaceuticals.	1986	2870111
lethal effect of butylated hydroxyanisole as related to bacterial fatty acid composition.	bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas fragi, escherichia coli, and salmonella "anatum" were challenged with butylated hydroxyanisole (bha). susceptibility was measured as the concentration of bha required to cause a 90% reduction in bacterial survivors. staphylococcus aureus lp and p. fragi were two of the most resistant species examined; c. perfringens and p. fluorescens were the most susceptible. gram stain reaction was found not ...	1986	2873790
effects of phospholipases c on the beta-receptor-adenylate cyclase system of chick erythrocyte membranes.	the beta-adrenergic receptor located in chick erythrocyte membranes was characterized using (-)-[3h]-dihydroalprenolol ([3h]-dha) with rapid filtration techniques. the affinity of beta-adrenergic antagonist, (-)-propranolol, was approximately 100-fold higher than that of (+)-propranolol. catecholamines were bound with the receptor in the following order, (-)-isoproterenol greater than (-)-norepinephrine greater than (-)-epinephrine, suggested the binding site to be beta 1-classification. when th ...	1986	2875718
effects of intra- and extracellularly applied phospholipases c on excitability of squid giant axons.	the effects of phospholipases c on the membrane excitability of the squid giant axon were investigated using phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c and sphingomyelinase c of bacillus cereus, and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis. when the squid axon was perfused internally with phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c in kf or k-glutamate solution, the action potential was blocked in 4-7 min and membrane resistance decreased with time to a le ...	1986	2877512
cellular and humoral defenses of glossina (diptera: glossinidae): reactions against bacteria, trypanosomes, and experimental implants.		1986	3081723
on the origin of bacterial resistance to penicillin: comparison of a beta-lactamase and a penicillin target.	structural data are now available for comparing a penicillin target enzyme, the d-alanyl-d-alanine-peptidase from streptomyces r61, with a penicillin-hydrolyzing enzyme, the beta-lactamase from bacillus licheniformis 749/c. although the two enzymes have distinct catalytic properties and lack relatedness in their overall amino acid sequences except near the active-site serine, the significant similarity found by x-ray crystallography in the spatial arrangement of the elements of secondary structu ...	1986	3082007
biosynthesis of the wall acidic polysaccharide in bacillus cereus ahu 1356.	biosynthetic studies on an acidic polysaccharide, comprising galactose, rhamnose, n-acetylglucosamine and sn-glycerol 1-phosphate, were carried out with a membrane system obtained from bacillus cereus ahu 1356. incubation of the membranes with udp-[14c]gal, tdp-[14c]rha and udp-[14c]glcnac resulted in the formation of four or more labeled-sugar-linked lipids and a labeled polysaccharide. data on structural analysis of the sugar moieties released from the glycolipids, together with results of enz ...	1986	3082626
inactivation of bacillus spores by gaseous ozone.	the sporicidal activity of ozone in the gas phase was investigated. spores of six strains of bacillus species deposited on filter paper or glass fibre filter were conditioned at different relative humidities (r.h.), and then exposed to ozone ranging in concentration from 0.5 to 3.0 mg/l at different r.h. there was a lag phase in the initial stage of exposure followed by an exponential decrease in the number of survivors with time, although no lag phase was observed with one strain. inactivation ...	1986	3082844
[post-traumatic endophthalmitis caused by bacillus cereus].	a young man with severe endophthalmitis caused by b. cereus is described following a trauma with an intraocular foreign body. although this organism was isolated from the aqueous with 18 hours and specific antibiotic therapy instituted, the eye subsequently lost all function and had to be enucleated because of severe pain. an extremely rapidly developing corneal ring abscess seems to be the hallmark of an intraocular infection with b. cereus organisms.	1986	3083151
plaster-associated bacillus cereus wound infection. a case report.	plaster of paris and nonsterile cast padding have previously been implicated in wound infections. the observation of three pin site infections with bacillus cereus following pin placement and plaster fixation of an open forearm fracture led to an epidemiologic investigation. two hundred sixty-one bacterial cultures were taken from materials in the steinmann pin application and plaster fixation procedures. b. cereus with a similar antibiogram and biotype as was identified in the pin site cultures ...	1986	3083406
germination of bacillus cereus spores induced by purine ribosides and their analogs: effects of modification of base and sugar moieties of purine nucleosides on germination-inducing activity.	purine riboside and some of its analogs were tested for their ability to induce germination of bacillus cereus t spores. hypoxanthine and adenine showed no germination-inducing activity either in the present or absence of d-ribose or its phosphorylated derivatives. purine riboside and 18 analogs with modified purine base were all able to induce germination of the spores to various extents. in contrast to this, the requirement for the sugar moiety in the purine riboside appeared to be more string ...	1986	3084054
bacillus cereus: a snake in the grass for granulocytopenic patients.		1986	3084672
single-stranded plasmid dna in bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus.	plasmid pc194 was found to exist in a double-stranded and a single-stranded dna form in bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus. this single-stranded dna was found as a circular molecule of the same size as the parental monomer and corresponded to only one of the two dna strands. it represented one-third of plasmid copies. single- and double-stranded dna copies in similar proportions to the above were detected for five other s. aureus plasmids (pc221, pc223, pe194, pt127, and pt181) and one ...	1986	3085097
[isolation and typing of bacillus cereus phages].		1986	3087713
induced release of bacillus spores from sporangia by sodium sulphate.	incubation of sporulating cultures of bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, b. subtilis and b. thuringiensis in 1.0 mol/l sodium sulphate markedly increased the release of free spores from sporangia. it is postulated that the release of spores is due to activation of latent autolysins which hydrolyse sporangial cell walls. sodium sulphate-induced lysis of sporangia represents a novel and highly effective method for the recovery of spores from cultures of bacillus species.	1986	3087932
cloning and nucleotide sequencing of genes for small, acid-soluble spore proteins of bacillus cereus, bacillus stearothermophilus, and "thermoactinomyces thalpophilus".	as found previously with other bacillus species, spores of b. stearothermophilus and "thermoactinomyces thalpophilus" contained significant levels of small, acid-soluble spore proteins (sasp) which were rapidly degraded during spore germination and which reacted with antibodies raised against b. megaterium sasp. genes coding for a b. stearothermophilus and a "t. thalpophilus" sasp as well as for two b. cereus sasp were cloned, their nucleotide sequences were determined, and the amino acid sequen ...	1986	3087949
laser raman spectroscopy of lyophilized bacterial spores.	laser-excited raman spectra were examined in lyophilized spores of bacillus cereus. in a comparison of the spectrum of the dormant spore with that of the germinated spore, we found several raman bands which occurred in the former but not in the latter. among these raman bands, the 1,573, 1,395, 1,017, 822, and 662 cm-1 bands were assigned to the vibrational frequencies of calcium dipicolinate (cadpa). no raman bands and peaks due to dipicolinic acid (h2dpa) were observed. this raman evidence ind ...	1986	3088398
bacillus cereus--maine.		1986	3088419
purification and characterization of bacillus coagulans oligo-1,6-glucosidase.	a p-nitrophenyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside-hydrolyzing oligo-1,6-glucosidase of bacillus coagulans atcc 7050 (facultative thermophile) was purified to homogeneity. the relative molecular mass, stokes radius, sedimentation coefficient at 20 degrees c in water, molecular absorption coefficient at 280 nm and ph 6.8, and isoelectric point were estimated as 60 000, 3.29 nm, 4.8 x 10(-13) s, 1.34 x 10(5) m-1 cm-1, and 4.3, respectively. the amino-terminal amino acid was threonine. there was no common ant ...	1986	3089779
plipastatins: new inhibitors of phospholipase a2, produced by bacillus cereus bmg302-ff67. i. taxonomy, production, isolation and preliminary characterization.	plipastatins have been isolated as part of a program designed to find inhibitors of porcine pancreatic phospholipase a2. they were purified from fermentation broth of bacillus cereus bmg302-ff67 and finally separated into four fractions by reverse phase hplc. the respective fractions were designated as plipastatins a1, a2, b1 and b2. plipastatins also inhibited phospholipases c and d.	1986	3089997
plipastatins: new inhibitors of phospholipase a2, produced by bacillus cereus bmg302-ff67. ii. structure of fatty acid residue and amino acid sequence.	plipastatins, new inhibitors of phospholipase a2, were produced by a strain classified as bacillus cereus bmg302-ff67. the plipastatins are a family of acylated decapeptides which differ from each other by amino acid composition and the nature of the fatty acid side chain. the fatty acids have been shown to be 3(r)-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (n-c16h3) and 14(s)-methyl-3(r)-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (a-c16h3) by mass, nmr and optical rotation. amino acid sequence analysis by secondary ion mass spect ...	1986	3089998
plipastatins: new inhibitors of phospholipase a2, produced by bacillus cereus bmg302-ff67. iii. structural elucidation of plipastatins.	plipastatins are new inhibitors of phospholipase a2 produced by bacillus cereus bmg302-ff67. structures of the plipastatins have been determined by uv, mass and nmr spectrometries and chemical degradation. the carboxyl group of the c-terminal l-isoleucine of plipastatinic acid has been shown to form a lactone linkage with the hydroxyl group of l-tyrosine. the total structure of plipastatins has thus been established.	1986	3089999
respiratory systems of the bacillus cereus mother cell and forespore.	the respiratory systems of the mother cells and forespores of bacillus cereus were compared throughout the maturation stages (iii to vi) of sporulation. the results indicated that both cell compartments contain the same assortment of oxidoreductases and cytochromes. however membrane fractions from young forespores were clearly distinct from those of the mother cell, i.e., lower content of cytochrome aa3, lower cytochrome c oxidase activity, higher concentration of cytochrome o, and a lower sensi ...	1986	3090018
a new form of coagulation factor vii in plasma.	we have reported the existence of a novel form of coagulation factor vii - probably a factor vii-phospholipid complex - in plasma from pregnant women and men at risk for cardiovascular disease. we report here further observations on the presence and characteristics of this complex. some apparently healthy individuals who, on testing by standard methods, have normal levels of factor vii activity achieve such levels by means of a phospholipase c-sensitive modification of (some of) their factor vii ...	1986	3090680