Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a case of shigellosis caused by shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri type 5b. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri type 5b strains were isolated as causative agents of bacterial dysentery in a patient having visited south-east asia. both strains are a rare finding for bulgaria. s. dysenteriae 1 strains have not been isolated since 1962, and there were only single isolates of s. flexneri 5b. the strains were of the same antibiotic resistance patterns. conjugation experiments showed that resistance is determined by transferrable r-plasmids having identical char ... | 1991 | 1880406 |
| simultaneous infection with multiple serotypes of shigellae in a patient. | we isolated three different serotypes of shigella on admission from a patient with dysentery as well as a shigella-like organism and campylobacter jejuni upon follow-up. the patient produced serum antibodies to all three serotypes of shigellae. | 1991 | 1889185 |
| endocytosis and intracellular transport of the glycolipid-binding ligand shiga toxin in polarized mdck cells. | the glycolipid-binding cytotoxin produced by shigella dysenteriae 1, shiga toxin, binds to mdck cells (strain 1) only after treatment with short-chain fatty acids like butyric acid or with the tumor promoter 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. the induced binding sites were found to be functional with respect to endocytosis and translocation of toxin to the cytosol. glycolipids that bind shiga toxin appeared at both the apical and the basolateral surface of polarized mdck cells grown on filter ... | 1991 | 1901867 |
| bacteriological and protozoal study on domestic water supply in karachi. | four hundred and fifty eight water samples collected from domestic tanks and taps and community taps were analysed for bacterial contamination. faecal pollution was more in domestic tanks and taps in mehmoodabad, korangi and least in water collected from community taps of liaquatabad, korangi and mehmoodabad. bacteria isolated were mostly e. coli, enterobacter sp, klebsiella sp. and a. faecalis, while other organisms (except pseudomonas) were found in lower numbers. salmonella para typhi and par ... | 1991 | 1902529 |
| differential effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists administered as desensitizing or flare protocols on hormonal function in the luteal phase of hyperstimulated cycles. | the incorporation of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (gnrha) in in-vitro fertilization (ivf) stimulation protocols has led to doubt about the quality of the subsequent luteal phase. the effects of two gnrha stimulation protocols on luteal phase concentrations of oestradiol (e2), progesterone (p), luteinizing hormone (lh) and follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) were compared with the standard clomiphene stimulation regimen. subjects receiving clomiphene with human menopausal gonadotrophin ... | 1991 | 1905309 |
| new trends in the use of al(oh)3-conjugated endotoxins and their subunits from the s- and r-forms of shigella dysenteriae serovar 1 for model vaccination purposes. | the lipopolysaccharides, lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes and their lipids a, isolated from shigella dysenteriae 1, exhibited lethal toxicity (ld50 300-400 micrograms per mouse), pyrogenicity (0.01-1.0 microgram), activity in the limulus test (10(-3)-10(-12) mg ml-1) and produced a positive local shwartzman reaction. it was found that these substances bound to al(oh)3 were capable of successfully protecting mice from challenge with both homologous and heterologous infections (up to 90% of mi ... | 1991 | 1905447 |
| antimicrobial activity of microgard against food spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. | microgard, a commercially available fermented milk product containing antimicrobial metabolites, was a potent inhibitor for gram-negative bacteria such as pseudomonas, salmonella, and yersinia when 1% concentration was incorporated into agar media. gram-positive bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, and listeria monocytogenes were insensitive to microgard. kluyveromyces marxianus, an unidentified black yeast, and penicillium expansum were partially suppressed, whereas aspergillus niger and a y ... | 1991 | 1906486 |
| screening of children for enteric bacterial pathogens in the outborn neonatal ward in lagos, nigeria. | babies, on admission into a neonatal ward at the lagos university teaching hospital, had their rectal swab specimens examined bacteriologically and screened for enteric bacterial pathogens over a one-year-period at two-week intervals. it was found that on the average there were 3 (9.68%) enteric bacterial pathogens out of an average of 31 admissions at each screening period. the enteric bacterial pathogens isolated included: non-typhoid salmonellae, which accounted for 55 (80.88%) isolates out o ... | 1991 | 1915794 |
| reemergence of shigella dysenteriae type 2 in sicily: an epidemiological evaluation. | three strains of shigella dysenteriae type 2 were isolated from a small household outbreak which occurred in palermo, sicily, during summer 1990. two isolates were recovered from hospitalized patients and one from an asymptomatic carrier. the infection could not be associated with travel to foreign countries or contact with travellers returned from abroad. since 1953 s. dysenteriae has been never isolated in southern italy. the isolates from dysentery cases were susceptible to antibiotics and ca ... | 1991 | 1921742 |
| shigellosis. shigella dysenteriae type 1. | 1991 | 1931580 | |
| preparation, characterization, and immunogenicity of conjugates composed of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1 (shiga's bacillus) bound to tetanus toxoid. | the background for developing conjugate vaccines for shigellosis composed of the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) bound to a protein is described elsewhere (c. y. chu, r. schneerson, and j. b. robbins, submitted for publication). briefly, there is direct evidence for type (lipopolysaccharide [lps])-specific protection after infection with the wild type or with attenuated strains of shigellae. prospective studies of israeli armed forces recruits show a correlation between preexisting serum immuno ... | 1991 | 1937803 |
| compartmentalization within the nucleus: discovery of a novel subnuclear region. | antibodies to a set of structurally related autoantigens (p23-25) bind to a previously uncharacterized, large structural domain in the nucleus of a variety of human cell types. this subnuclear domain is visible by phase contrast alone as a region of decreased density after several different fixation protocols. the morphology of this region changes dramatically during the cell cycle and we have given it the name pika (for polymorphic interphase karyosomal association) based on preliminary evidenc ... | 1991 | 1955462 |
| [research on sterilization of pathogens by high electrostatic voltage method]. | an experimental research has been carried out on the sterilization of four kinds of pathogens by high electrostatic method along with an inquiry into the influence of voltage waveform and the treated time on sterilization. it is concluded that pathogens can be killed efficiently by corona discharge field. | 1992 | 1294177 |
| bacterial endotoxins as potential antitumor agents. tumor mass loss in mice treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharides of shigella dysenteriae serovar 1. | natural and modified preparations of lipopolysaccharides and lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes isolated from the s- and r-form of shigella dysenteriae serovar 1 were found to markedly inhibit the initial growth of mouse solid tumors derived from németh-kellner lymphoma, gardner 6c3hed lymphoma, an ill-defined syngeneic lymphoma of dba mice (skalsky lymphoma) and lp-2 plasmacytoma. the biopreparations were given intraperitoneally, most frequently at a dose range from 50 to 200 micrograms per m ... | 1992 | 1296928 |
| composition of lipid a in the s and r forms of shigella dysenteriae serovar 1. | a chemical analysis was performed of lipid a, isolated by acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide from the s and r forms of shigella dysenteriae serovar 1. differences in the moiety of both lipids and sugars were compared. the lipid portion consisted of a homologous series of fatty acids ranging from c12:0 to c18:0 (predominant homologues, c12:0, c14:0 and c16:0) and the homologous series of 3-hydroxy acids ranging from c12:0 to c16:0 (predominant homologue, 3-oh-c14:0). the major sugar portio ... | 1992 | 1303686 |
| [recombinant human erythropoietin]. | 1992 | 1307066 | |
| a 4-kilobase congo red binding plasmid dna fragment of shigella dysenteriae 1 suppresses the growth and cell differentiation in escherichia coli. | a 4-kilobase congo red binding plasmid dna fragment of pcat 120 of shigella dysenteriae 1 was transferred to an escherichia coli k12 strain by transformation. transformants were unable to grow in any liquid broth medium. electron microscopic studies revealed that the transformants grown on tryptic soy agar were associated in clusters after cell division. normal cell separation among the transformants in comparison with recipient e. coli k12 was only observed when the growth medium was supplement ... | 1992 | 1307443 |
| in situ hybridization of calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase ii and tau mrnas; species differences and relative preservation in alzheimer's disease. | abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule associated protein tau component of neurofibrillary tangles (nfts) in alzheimer's disease (ad) may result from alterations in protein kinase expression. calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase ii (cam kinase ii) has been shown to phosphorylate tau in vitro in such a way to decrease its electrophoretic mobility. a68, apparently a modified form of tau in ad brain, also shows abnormal phosphorylation and slower mobility than tau. to further examine th ... | 1992 | 1312209 |
| which twin has the toni? commentary on j. d. sinclair. | 1992 | 1317159 | |
| [bacteriology of shigella isolated in a tropical zone chu]. | from 1981 to 1991, five hundred eighty one shigella's strains were isolated in the laboratories of the chu fann of dakar. they represent 24.8 per cent of enteropathogen agents and 4.3 per cent of diarrhoeae causative agents. shigella flexneri was predominant (71%), following by shigella dysenteriae (14.5%), shigella sonnei (11.4%) and shigella boydii (2.5%). in pediatric hospital 90 per cent of strains were isolated between 1 and 5 years age; in adults, the pic was found from 20 to 30 years. fiv ... | 1992 | 1345084 |
| sexual transmission of htlv infections in southern india. | 1992 | 1346809 | |
| molecular probe analysis of shigella dysenteriae type 1 isolates from 1940 to 1987. | fourteen strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1 (shiga bacillus) isolated from people in diverse locations from 1940 to 1987 were studied. southern hybridization with three cloned escherichia coli genes, shiga-like toxin i (slti), frd, and ompf, was used to determine restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of the genomic dna of these strains. digestion with each of four restriction endonucleases generated fragments of identical size to which the frd and ompf hybridized for each of the 14 ... | 1992 | 1353066 |
| molecular epidemiology of shigella infections in israel. | the dnas of shigella sonnei or shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains isolated in outbreaks of shigellosis or in sporadic cases were analysed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). southern blots of the dnas of 36 s. sonnei isolates digested by 8 restriction enzymes were hybridized with an escherichia coli rrna probe. the s. sonnei strains were unexpectedly diverse in their rflp. antibiotypes of the same isolates showed clusters of strains corresponding to the various outbreaks. on the ... | 1992 | 1356821 |
| pregnancy after transfer of frozen-thawed human embryos. | cryopreservation of human embryos has been successfully applied in in vitro fertilization (ivf) and embryo transfer (et) programs at the national taiwan university hospital since 1988. our preliminary results with 120 frozen-thawed embryos in 31 transfer cycles showed that the survival rate of frozen embryos was 66%. following transfer, the implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were 6.5% and 13%, respectively. four clinical pregnancies and one preclinical pregnancy following a frozen-tha ... | 1992 | 1360300 |
| a comparison of therapeutic schedules for administering granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to nonhuman primates after high-dose chemotherapy. | granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) has been shown to be effective in clinical trials for reducing the period of neutropenia after chemotherapy. in this study, we compared the timing for initiating g-csf administration after chemotherapy with the duration of neutropenia and hematopoietic regeneration. nonhuman primates treated with high-dose chemotherapy (mechloroethamine, 1.5 mg/kg, intravenously) and not administered g-csf therapy experienced 8 days of neutropenia (absolute neutrophi ... | 1992 | 1373969 |
| outward currents in longitudinal colonic muscle cells contribute to spiking electrical behavior. | electrical events in longitudinal and circular muscles of the colon are different. longitudinal muscles generate action potentials superimposed upon small depolarizations termed myenteric potential oscillations and circular muscles generate slow wave events that persist for several seconds. differences between circular and longitudinal muscles may be related to the potassium channels these cells express. we have studied ca(2+)-dependent and voltage-dependent k currents of isolated longitudinal c ... | 1992 | 1378997 |
| immunoblot analysis of antibody responses to shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection. | immunoblot analysis was used to identify the antigenic components of the outer membrane protein (omp) extract from sh. dysenteriae type 1 that may be relevant in protection against infection. the omps were extracted by ultrasonic disruption followed by sarkosyl extraction. the macromolecular bands were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), electroeluted to a nitrocellulose matrix and complexed with peroxidase conjugated antibodies in human convalesce ... | 1992 | 1380491 |
| stereoselective syntheses of a di-, tri-, and tetra-saccharide fragment of shigella dysenteriae type 1 o-antigen using 3,4,6-tri-o-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl chloride as a glycosyl donor. | methyl 2,4-di-o-benzoyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside (1) furnished a crystalline 3-o-bromoacetyl derivative that was treated with the dichloromethyl methyl ether-zncl2 reagent to give 2,4-di-o-benzoyl-3-o-bromoacetyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl chloride (3). compounds 1 and 3 were condensed under the conditions of base-deficient, silver trifluoromethanesulfonate-mediated glycosylation to give a fully protected rhamnobioside, which on o-debromoacetylation afforded the disaccharide nucleophile 10. similar ... | 1992 | 1381283 |
| role of escherichia coli k-12 rfa genes and the rfp gene of shigella dysenteriae 1 in generation of lipopolysaccharide core heterogeneity and attachment of o antigen. | the rfp gene of shigella dysenteriae 1 and the rfa genes of escherichia coli k-12 and salmonella typhimurium lt2 have been studied to determine their relationship to lipopolysaccharide (lps) core heterogeneity and their role in the attachment of o antigen to lps. it has been inferred from the nucleotide sequence that the rfp gene encodes a protein of 41,864 da which has a structure similar to that of rfag protein. expression of this gene in e. coli k-12 results in the loss of one of the three ba ... | 1992 | 1385388 |
| a novel temporal expression pattern of three c/ebp family members in differentiating myelomonocytic cells. | members of the ccaat/enhancer binding protein (c/ebp) family have been shown to regulate the terminal differentiation of adipocytes and hepatocytes. in these cell lineages, high levels of c/ebp alpha are found only in mature, nondividing cells. using western blotting and immunohistochemical staining, we have determined the temporal order of expression for c/ebp alpha, c/ebp beta, and c/ebp delta in differentiating myelomonocytic marrow cells. these studies show a unique temporal pattern of c/ebp ... | 1992 | 1391942 |
| identification of a b subunit gene promoter in the shiga toxin operon of shigella dysenteriae 1. | the shiga toxin operon (stx) is composed of a and b subunit genes which are transcribed as a bicistronic mrna from a promoter which lies 5' to the stxa gene. northern (rna) blot and primer extension analyses revealed the existence of a second stxb gene transcript. recombinant plasmids which carried the stxb gene without the stx operon promoter and with the influence of a vector promoter abrogated produced stx b polypeptides, suggesting that the stxb gene mrna was transcribed from an independent ... | 1992 | 1400202 |
| treatment of shigellosis: iii. comparison of one- or two-dose ciprofloxacin with standard 5-day therapy. a randomized, blinded trial. | to determine whether a single dose, or 2 doses, of ciprofloxacin are as effective as 5-day, 10-dose therapy for the treatment of shigellosis in adult men who are moderately to severely ill. | 1992 | 1416574 |
| decreased food intake in children with severe dysentery due to shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. | factors that affect food intake in acute shigellosis were studied in 82 children aged 24-59 months. children were offered an energy-dense milk-cereal-oil-based diet every 2 h. food intake was compared between children with shigella dysenteriae 1 infection and those infected with other shigella spp (predominantly s. flexneri). mean energy intake in the first 48 h was 435 kj/kg.d in children infected with s. dysenteriae 1 and 536 kj/kg.d in children infected with other shigella spp (p < 0.001). fe ... | 1992 | 1425537 |
| regulation of the slt-1a toxin operon by a ferric uptake regulatory protein in toxinogenic strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | the regulation of shiga toxin expression in a clinical isolate of s. dysenteriae 1 by the fe-fur (iron-ferric uptake regulatory protein) repressor complex was investigated. the presence of an endogenous fur repressor protein capable of binding to either a fur binding consensus sequence or the regulatory region of slt-1a was determined in toxinogenic strains of s. dysenteriae. plasmid constructs bearing fur binding sites fused to readily assayable reporter genes were used. plasmid psc27.1 contain ... | 1992 | 1430967 |
| [shigella dysenteriae strains having a provisional serovar isolated from imported diarrheal cases in tokyo]. | two bacterial strains (me448 and me474) isolated from stool cultures of imported cases in tokyo in 1987 had typical biochemical characteristics of shigella dysenteriae. the results of antigenic analyses showed that they were serologically identical to each other, but did not belong to any of the established shigella serovars. these strains were positive for serény test in guinea pig eye and cell-invasion test in hela cells. the strains also had virulence-plasmid encoding outer membrane proteins, ... | 1992 | 1431369 |
| mitogenic effects of human recombinant insulin on b-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. | insulin and the insulin-like growth factors (igf-i, igf-ii) constitute a family of peptides capable of stimulating diverse cellular responses, including cell proliferation. in order to determine the effects of these peptides on malignant cells, we analyzed the expression and function of insulin, igf-i, and igf-ii receptors on b-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (bcp all) cell lines, utilizing competitive binding, affinity crosslinking, and cell proliferation assays. the bcp all cells b ... | 1992 | 1434795 |
| incidence and level of exotoxin a in proteolytic cell-free cultures of clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from hospitals in riyadh, saudi arabia. | mice lethality bioassay revealed that out of 102 proteolytic cell-free cultures of pseudomonas aeruginosa only 17 (15%) were lethal with values of 19-48 ld50/ml. antitoxin a antiserum neutralized the lethality providing evidence that the main lethal compound in the cell free cultures was exotoxin a. the neutralization also ruled out the lethal contribution of protease, elastase and phospholipase c. the presence of exotoxin a in a proteolytic environment may indicate less efficient proteolytic ac ... | 1992 | 1435349 |
| effect of ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and transferrin on the growth of some bacterial strains in vitro. | the ability of some bacterial strains to obtain iron from ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (edda) or iron-free transferrin, and accordingly grow in their presence, was studied. growth of staphylococcus aureus and yersinia pseudotuberculosis was inhibited by edda or by iron-free transferrin. growth of streptococcus faecalis, however, was inhibited by iron-free transferrin, but not by edda. the other bacterial strains, i.e.; escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium and shigella dysent ... | 1992 | 1435350 |
| cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding a 21-kilodalton outer membrane protein from bordetella avium and expression of the gene in salmonella typhimurium. | three gene libraries of bordetella avium 197 dna were prepared in escherichia coli le392 by using the cosmid vectors pcp13 and pya2329, a derivative of pcp13 specifying spectinomycin resistance. the cosmid libraries were screened with convalescent-phase anti-b. avium turkey sera and polyclonal rabbit antisera against b. avium 197 outer membrane proteins. one e. coli recombinant clone produced a 56-kda protein which reacted with convalescent-phase serum from a turkey infected with b. avium 197. i ... | 1992 | 1447140 |
| shigellosis in children: a prospective hospital based study. | from 1985 to 1988, fecal samples of 950 hospitalized children suffering from diarrhea or dysentery were screened for shigella species using standard methods. shigella species were isolated as sole pathogen from 192 (20.2%) cases and s. flexneri type 2 was the predominant serotype. shigella infection was prevalent throughout the year with high isolation rate during the summer and early monsoon months. shigella strains isolated during the period were resistant to most of the commonly used drugs fo ... | 1992 | 1452309 |
| detection of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri in feces by immunomagnetic isolation and polymerase chain reaction. | a combination of immunomagnetic separation (ims) and a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedure was used for direct isolation and identification of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri from feces. immunomagnetic particles were coated with monoclonal antibody masfb, which is specific for a common epitope of the o polysaccharides of s. dysenteriae type 1 and s. flexneri. bacteria bound to the beads were boiled in water, and target dna was amplified with a primer pair specific for a g ... | 1992 | 1452650 |
| [incidence, frequency and resistance characteristics of methicillin-oxacillin resistant staphylococcus aureus strains in germany]. | in a multicentre study, the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) isolates in 19 large clinics in germany were recorded, and the resistance characteristics of these strains were studied. oxacillin-mannitol-salt agar plates were distributed to all participants to ensure uniformity of screening, and each laboratory used these plates to investigate 200 consecutive staphylococcus aureus isolates for oxacillin-methicillin resistance. of the 3,794 evaluable staphylococcus aureus isolates, ... | 1992 | 1459021 |
| purification and partial characterization of two azoreductases from shigella dysenteriae type 1. | two azoreductases (i and ii) were purified to homogeneity from extracts of shigella dysenteriae (type 1). azoreductase i was a dimer of identical subunits of m(r) 28,000, whereas azoreductase ii was a monomer of 11,000 m(r). both were flavoproteins, each containing 1 mol of fmn per mol enzyme. both nadh and nadph functioned as electron donors for the azoreductases. azoreductase i used ponceau sx, tartrazine, amaranth and orange ii as substrates. azoreductase ii utilized all the dyes except amara ... | 1992 | 1459414 |
| serum antibodies to verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) strains in patients with haemolytic uraemic syndrome. | serological evidence of infection with verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) was sought in 28 patients suffering from haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) and 25 age- and sex-matched controls. elisa was used to detect anti-lipopolysaccharide (lps) antibodies to e. coli strains o157, o111, o26 and nctc 10418, a non-vtec strain, and shigella dysenteriae o1. sera from 19 of the hus patients but from none of the 25 controls had significant antibody levels to the verotoxin-producing bacteria. sera ... | 1992 | 1460654 |
| [the theoretical and practical interpretations of the basic manifestations of the epidemic process in shigellosis]. | 1992 | 1466177 | |
| [new hybrid proteins--potential immunosuppressive agents]. | 1992 | 1468359 | |
| serological diagnosis of infection by shigella dysenteriae-1 in patients with bacillary dysentery. | a total of 192 samples of serum from 113 sri lankan patients with clinical dysentery was examined for antibodies of the igm class to the lipopolysaccharides (lpss) of shigella dysenteriae-1 and escherichia coli o157:h7. by means of elisa and immunoblotting, 59 patients were found to have serum antibodies to the lps of s. dysenteriae-1 only. four samples from one patient were found to contain serum antibodies to the lpss of both s. dysenteriae-1 and e. coli o157:h7. antibodies to the lps of s. dy ... | 1992 | 1474263 |
| [bacillary dysentery--1990]. | 1992 | 1475396 | |
| factors affecting the strength of flexor tendon repair. | the effects of different thicknesses and configurations of core sutures were studied in human cadaveric flexor tendon repairs. both straight and cyclic load tests were employed. to exploit the full strength of 4/0 suture material, the kessler repair using four locked single knots would seem to be appropriate. | 1992 | 1479249 |
| experimental and clinical gnotobiotics: influence of the microflora on graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. | one of the major complications of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (bmt) is graft-versus-host disease (gvhd), which is caused by donor type lymphocytes which react against the recipient's tissues. an important factor which influences gvhd is the recipient's gastrointestinal microflora. this was originally observed in gnotobiotic mice. infusion of 10(7) h-2 incompatible bone marrow cells into lethally irradiated (9.0 gy x-rays) conventional mice results in a late onset type gvhd which cause ... | 1992 | 1479298 |
| incomplete vascular casting for a scanning electron microscope study of the microcirculatory patterns in the rat pancreas. | scanning electron microscopy of resin casts prepared by incomplete arterial injections showed that in the rat pancreas, the casting medium fills blood capillaries in the endocrine islets more promptly than those in the exocrine lobules and secretory ducts. furthermore, the exocrine lobules containing endocrine islets allowed a more rapid resin flow through the insulo-acinar portal route than those lobules lacking an islet. the secretory ducts were the last portions to be filled with resin. since ... | 1992 | 1482604 |
| [territorial differences in the nature of the etiological structure of shigellosis--a pattern or chance?]. | 1992 | 1496882 | |
| gut mucosal lymphocyte subpopulations in the host-defence of shigella infected guinea-pigs. | lymphocyte subpopulations from the gut mucosa were studied in shigella-susceptible guinea-pigs to evaluate their role in mucosal immune responses to such organisms. four weeks after infection, isolated lymphocytes were characterised by an immunofluorescent technique. the increase in the t cell intra-epithelial population was less (48%) in comparison to that in normal uninfected animals (74%). on the other hand, ig bearing b cells in the lamina propria showed an increased incidence and more than ... | 1992 | 1500085 |
| polymerase chain reaction for detection of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli isolated from animal and food sources. | animals and their by-products have been implicated as important sources of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) associated with disease in humans. vtec comprise a wide range of serotypes and produce a variety of closely related verocytotoxins (vt). a pair of oligonucleotide primers, targeting conserved sequences found in vt1, vt2 and vte genes, was used to develop a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedure to detect all types of vtec. supernatants of boiled broth cultures of vtec (223 stra ... | 1992 | 1513344 |
| single-dose ciprofloxacin for shigellosis in adults. | 1992 | 1522320 | |
| titres of class-specific antibodies against shigella and salmonella lipopolysaccharide antigens in colostrum and breast milk of costa rican, swedish and vietnamese mothers. | enzyme immunoassays (eia) were used to estimate titres of class-specific antibodies against purified and chemically defined phenol-water-extracted lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigens of salmonella serogroup b (bo), shigella dysenteriae type i, plesiomonas shigelloides (the same o-antigen as shigella sonnei) and shigella flexneri y. titres in colostrum and breast milk of swedish, vietnamese and costa rican mothers from various socioeconomic conditions were compared. the antibodies were mainly of th ... | 1992 | 1522329 |
| solid phase enzyme immunoassays for the quantification of serum amyloid p (sap) and complement component 3 (c3) proteins in acute-phase mouse sera. | simple, reliable and sensitive enzyme immunoassays have been developed for the quantification of the mouse acute-phase sap and c3 proteins. the elisa systems were validated using sera from mice injected with s. dysenteriae endotoxin, and detected 500 pg protein/ml. the assays use 96-well microtitre plates permitting rapid processing of a large number of samples. | 1992 | 1526624 |
| low levels of coagulation inhibitors in patients with clostridium difficile infection. | to investigate levels of coagulation inhibitors in sera from patients with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis, commercially available antigen assays were used for immunochemical determination of antithrombin iii, protein c and free protein s. sera from patients with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea and colitis showed significantly lowered levels of all measured inhibitors as compared to controls (student's t test). protein c (mean +/- sd): 0.70 +/- 0.30 vs. 1.28 +/- ... | 1992 | 1533851 |
| risk factors for suicide attempts in a human immunodeficiency virus screening program. | 1992 | 1539099 | |
| nucleotide sequence and transcriptional regulation of a positive regulatory gene of shigella dysenteriae. | a 1,937 bp psti-hindiii fragment containing the ipar locus was cloned from the large invasion plasmid of shigella dysenteriae cg097, and its nucleotide sequence was completely determined. the ipar protein (35 kda, calculated from the dna sequence) was synthesized in escherichia coli chi 1411 minicells containing the 1,937-bp psti-hindiii fragment. to determine the regulatory role of ipar for ipa genes, we applied genetic complementation experiments using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) a ... | 1992 | 1541532 |
| shigella-specific iga in saliva of children with bacillary dysentery. | to study the secretory immune response after shigella infection, the anti-lipopolysaccharide and anti-shiga-toxin response in saliva, obtained from children with confirmed shigellosis and healthy children, were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by western blot. children with infection showed high titers compared to healthy controls. after shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection a significant change in titer could be observed in a large number of cases, in contrast to shigella fle ... | 1992 | 1547024 |
| drug resistance and plasmid profile of shigellae in taiwan. | one hundred and twenty-eight shigella strains isolated from newborn and infant human faecal specimens at kaohsiung medical college hospital in taiwan were serogrouped, serotyped and examined for drug-resistance patterns and for the presence of plasmids. forty-seven per cent of the isolates were found to belong to the shigella sonnei serogroup, 41% to the s. flexneri group, 9% to the s. boydii group and 3% to the s. dysenteriae group. the serotype with the greatest number of strains was s. sonnei ... | 1992 | 1547844 |
| acamprosate modulates synaptosomal gaba transmission in chronically alcoholised rats. | male sprague-dawley rats were pulmonary alcoholised for 30 days. six were treated with acamprosate (400 mg/kg/day, po) during alcoholisation. the control nonalcoholised group also received acamprosate (400 mg/kg/day, po) during the 30 days. at the end of the experiment, brains areas (cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum, and olfactory bulbs) were dissected for the study of synaptosomal 3h-gaba uptake. in another experiment, gaba levels were determined in the same areas using hplc with electro ... | 1992 | 1594633 |
| copulatory analgesia in male rats ensues from arousal, motor activity, and genital stimulation: blockage by manipulation and restraint. | the effect of copulation on the vocalization threshold to tail shock (vtts) was assessed in freely-moving, sexually experienced, wistar male rats. mean vtts during the first copulation was 40% above the baseline values and slightly decreased during the first postejaculatory interval (pei; 28% above baseline). vtts mean values further increased during the second copulatory series (93% above baseline and 63% during the pei). testing at the same intervals in noncopulating rats did not induce analge ... | 1992 | 1594675 |
| antimicrobial resistance of shigella isolates in bangladesh, 1983-1990: increasing frequency of strains multiply resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and nalidixic acid. | the susceptibility to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) was determined for 15,824 isolates of shigella obtained from patients attending a treatment center in dhaka, bangladesh, from 1983 through 1990 and for 520 isolates obtained during community surveys from 1988 through 1990. susceptibility to nalidixic acid was determined for isolates obtained after 1985. in 1983 13% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, 23.5% to tmp-smz, and 0.8% to both drugs. by 1990 51.2% of isola ... | 1992 | 1600006 |
| fluorescent antibody staining test for rapid diagnosis of shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. | an indirect fluorescent antibody test for rapid detection of shigella dysenteriae 1 in diarrheal stools was developed. a diagnosis could be made within 90 min of submission of specimens to the laboratory. on comparison with culture results, the test had a sensitivity of 92%, a specificity of 93%, and positive and negative predictive values of 94% and 92%, respectively. | 1992 | 1611852 |
| adhesion of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri to guinea-pig colonic epithelial cells in vitro. | adhesion of bacteria to guinea-pig colonic epithelial cells in vitro was inhibited by fucose with all the four strains tested (two of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and two of s. flexneri). n-acetyl neuraminic acid and n-acetyl mannosamine also caused inhibition, suggesting a multiplicity of receptors on the epithelial cell. congo-red binding of the strains correlated with their adhesive ability, whereas haemagglutination of rabbit erythrocytes by the bacteria did not. | 1992 | 1613779 |
| antibodies to shiga holotoxin and to two synthetic peptides of the b subunit in sera of patients with shigella dysenteriae 1 dysentery. | acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 18 thai patients and convalescent-phase sera from two israeli patients and one bangladeshi patient with shigella dysenteriae 1 (shiga) dysentery were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies that bind s. dysenteriae lipopolysaccharide (lps), shiga holotoxin, or two synthetic peptides representing epitopes from the b subunit of shiga toxin. paired sera from 24 maryland adults with shigella flexneri 2a or shigella sonnei diarrhea serv ... | 1992 | 1629317 |
| bilateral facial palsy caused by the borrelia spirochete. | a case of total left peripheral and partial right peripheral facial palsy caused by the borrelia spirochete is presented. the diagnosis was confirmed by the history of the tick-bites and elevated titers of igg in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. | 1992 | 1632233 |
| influence of oxygen radicals generating agents on eicosanoid metabolism of human endothelial cells. | human umbilical venous endothelial cells were incubated with increasing concentrations (0.001-10 mmol/l) of h202 or cumene hydroperoxide. pgi2 was released within the first five minutes, whereas a significant increase in txa2-release was not observed before 10 minutes after stimulation. furthermore the content of intracellular atp and the level of cytosolic free ca2+ were measured. doses of 0.01 mmol/l h202 or cumene hydroperoxide increased the intracellular atp-level. doses higher than 0.1 mmol ... | 1992 | 1636164 |
| construction of stable lamb-shiga toxin b subunit hybrids: analysis of expression in salmonella typhimurium aroa strains and stimulation of b subunit-specific mucosal and serum antibody responses. | the complete shiga toxin b subunit and two n-terminal segments of the b subunit have been inserted into a cell surface exposed loop of the lamb protein, and expression of the hybrid proteins from three different promoter systems, i.e., (i) an in vitro-inducible tac promoter that provides high-level expression, (ii) the iron-regulated aerobactin promoter presumably induced in vivo under the iron-limiting conditions of the intestinal mucosal environment, and (iii) a synthetic, modified beta-lactam ... | 1992 | 1639503 |
| crystal structure of the cell-binding b oligomer of verotoxin-1 from e. coli. | the shiga toxin family, a group of cytotoxins associated with diarrhoeal diseases and the haemolytic uraemic syndrome, includes shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae type 1 and verotoxins produced by enteropathogenic escherichia coli. the family belongs to the a-b class of bacterial toxins, which includes the cholera toxin family, pertussis and diphtheria toxins. these toxins all have bipartite structures consisting of an enzymatic a subunit associated with a b oligomer which binds to specific c ... | 1992 | 1741063 |
| implications of euthanasia--a nursing perspective. | 1992 | 265356 | |
| [a case of infant temporomandibular arthrosis (author's transl)]. | 1992 | 270532 | |
| nurses launch successful political action. | 1992 | 257321 | |
| nursing care study. complications of old age: the uncaring professionals. | 1992 | 257608 | |
| computed tomography. clinical aspects: cerebrovascular diseases and head injuries. | 1993 | 281090 | |
| [new aspects and prospects of implants of the anterior chamber]. | 1993 | 3250785 | |
| implications of technology assessment and diffusion for dental research. | the possible implications of the assessment and diffusion of technology for dental research are explored in two areas: prevention of dental caries and prevention of periodontal disease. future concepts and their potential alternatives for the profession, the public, and government agencies are examined in terms of the social, economic, and political aspects of dental health care delivery. consideration is given to their impact on industry and education. | 1993 | 281383 |
| [the narrowest speaking distance--a factor in the recording of jaw relation]. | 1993 | 281064 | |
| formalizing grassman's laws in a generalized colorimetry. | 1993 | 262788 | |
| [osteology: the skull]. | 1993 | 280925 | |
| synthesis of di- to penta-saccharides related to the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1, and their nuclear magnetic resonance study. | the syntheses of oligosaccharide fragments of the o-specific polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1 are described, including disaccharides methyl o-alpha-d-mannopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-d-galactopyranoside (1), and methyl o-(2-deoxy-2-propionamido-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-alpha-l- rhamnopyranoside (2), trisaccharide methyl o-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-o-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-d- glucopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside (3), tetrasaccharide ... | 1993 | 7521746 |
| binding of the o-antigen of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and 26 related synthetic fragments to a monoclonal igm antibody. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 possesses an o-antigen whose repeating unit is -->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-d-galp -(1-->3)-alpha-d- glcpnac-(1-->, where rhap is rhamnopyranosyl, galp is galactopyranosyl, and glcp is glucopyranosyl. using ligand-induced protein fluorescence change, we have measured the affinities of a monoclonal murine igm for 26 fragments of, or related to, the structure of the o-polysaccharide and of the igm fab for the intact o-specific bacterial polysacc ... | 1993 | 7503987 |
| expression of the shigella dysenteriae type-1 lipopolysaccharide repeating unit in escherichia coli k12/shigella dysenteriae type-1 hybrids. | the structures of the polysaccharide part of lipopolysaccharides isolated from eight escherichia coli k12/shigella dysenteriae type 1 hybrids have been determined using sugar and methylation analysis plus 1h- and 13c-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. the hybrids express parts of the s. dysenteriae type 1 o-antigen tetrasaccharide repeating unit because of the presence of pss3, a plasmid expressing an alpha-galactosyl: lipopolysaccharide transferase and pss9, a pbr322 plasmid expressing s. ... | 1993 | 7682945 |
| di- and tri-saccharide glycosyl donors for the synthesis of fragments of the o-specific antigen of shigella dysenteriae type 1. | methyl o-(2,4-di-o-benzoyl-3-o-bromoacetyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1-->3)- 2,4-di-o-benzoyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside was treated with dichloromethyl methyl ether and zncl2 to give o-(2,4-di-o-benzoyl-3-o-bromoacetyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1-->3)2,4- di-o- benzoyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl chloride. similar treatment of methyl o-(3,4,6-tri-o-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-alpha-d- glucopyranosyl)-(1-->3)-2,4-di-o-benzoyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside (13) gave crystalline o-(3,4,6-tir-o-acetyl-2-azido-2-de ... | 1993 | 7690306 |
| association of plasmids with the carbohydrate composition of the o-antigen in shigella dysenteriae type 1. | six different prepared mutant strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1 with various combinations of 'core' plasmids of 140, 6, and 2 mdal, were cultivated separately and their lipopolysaccharide (lps) samples were isolated, which on delipidation afforded polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. the lps and prepared o-antigen polysaccharides were subjected to acid hydrolysis, and the constituent sugars were analysed by paper chromatography and gas liquid chromatography (glc), using cp sil 8 cb fused s ... | 1993 | 7691922 |
| function of the rfb gene cluster and the rfe gene in the synthesis of o antigen by shigella dysenteriae 1. | a plasmid that included both an 8.9 kb chromosomal dna insert containing genes from the rfb cluster of shigella dysenteriae 1 and a smaller insert containing the rfp gene from a s. dysenteriae 1 multicopy plasmid resulted in efficient expression of o antigen in an rfb-deleted strain of escherichia coli k-12. eight genes were identified in the rfb fragment: the rfbb-cad cluster which encodes dtdp-rhamnose synthesis, rfbx which encodes a hydrophobic protein involved in assembly of the o antigen, r ... | 1993 | 7692219 |
| plasmid profiles of shigella and salmonella spp. isolated from diarrhoeic humans in ibadan, nigeria. | clinical isolates of shigella flexneri, s. dysentariae, s. boydii and salmonella spp. were screened for the presence of plasmids. most of the isolates harboured more than one plasmid ranging in molecular size from 1.3 to 36.1 x 10(6) daltons. very large plasmids were not encountered. | 1993 | 7839920 |
| [a morphological evaluation of the protective properties of noninvasive recombinant strains of shigella]. | in 2-3 weeks after the oral immunization of rabbits, made in one or two administrations, with attenuated two-marker s. dysenteriae 1 strain vs-12 and recombinant s. dysenteriae vs-12/s. sonnei nr-18 and s. flexneri y433/s. sonnei nr-18 pronounced immunological reaction developed in the mucous membrane of the small intestine: blast transformation follicles of peyer's patches, an increase in the number of lymphoblasts and plasmocytes in the cupolae of follicles and in intestinal villi, and an incr ... | 1993 | 8059565 |
| [a morphological evaluation of the harmlessness of noninvasive recombinant shigella strains]. | the interaction of shigella recombinant strains (with attenuating chromosomal mutations, with transposon-neutralized plasmid gene mutations, the hybrids of both strains), incapable of inducing keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs, with cells hep-2 and enterocytes in the ligated loop of the small intestine of rabbits was studied. these strains retained, to varying extent, pronounced adhesiveness, but practically lost their invasiveness (though in peyer's patches the translocation of bacteria by m- ... | 1993 | 8067094 |
| aetiology of haemorrhagic colitis epidemic in africa. | 1993 | 8101270 | |
| expression of shiga toxin b subunit at cell surface in e. coli k-12. | the three parts (stx17b, stx27b and stxb) of shiga toxin b subunit have been fused into a cell surface exposed loop of the lamb protein at a bamh i site between residues 153 and 154. western blotting revealed that the three parts of shiga toxin b subunit could be expressed as the lamb fusion proteins in e. coli. indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy analyses showed fusion proteins lamb/stx17b and lamb/stx27b could be expressed at cell surface in e. coli, but fusion protein la ... | 1993 | 8142024 |
| [secretive export of stxb/hlya (ct) fusion protein and b subunit specific antibody responses in mice]. | in this study, the shiga toxin b subunit has been fused to haemolysin a c-terminus. the fusion protein stxb/hlya(ct) can be exported to the external medium not only from e. coli k-12 but also from s. typhimurium aroa strain sl3261. when the plasmid puc18 was used as vector, stxb/hlya(ct) was toxic to hosts. but the fusion protein was stable and safe to hosts when the puc18 was replaced with pbr322. the fusion protein can be expressed and exported to the external medium under either the aerobacti ... | 1993 | 8161471 |
| high level expression of shiga toxin b subunit of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 in escherichia coli. | in this study the gene encoding the shiga toxin (stx) was cloned from the chromosomal dna of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (w30864). the stx gene was located in a 4.5kb ecori fragment. the biological assay revealed that the hybrid plasmid pmgc001 containing the stx gene could produce shiga toxin. the amount of stx was 16 times more than that produced by its parent. the cloned strain showed cytotoxic, entorotoxic and neurotoxic activities. the gene for stx-b subunit was subcloned into a plasmid ... | 1993 | 8155839 |
| [vaccination against the enterobacteriaceae responsible for enteric infections]. | development of vaccines against enterobacterial species responsible for enteric infections sounds like an unrealistic project. on the other hand, based on our growing understanding of the pathogenesis of infections caused by the major species (i.e. salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri and shigella dysenteriae 1, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli) and on our better characterization of the immunological parameters of mucosal protection, it is likely that a limited number of vaccines controlling dise ... | 1993 | 8193944 |
| endotoxin-stimulated production of rat hypothalamic interleukin-1 beta in vivo and in vitro, measured by specific immunoradiometric assay. | regulation of a number of aspects of the acute-phase response, including induction of fever and activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, occurs within the hypothalamus. the acute-phase response appears to be co-ordinated by the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (il-1). a number of studies using hybridization techniques to measure il-1 gene expression and immunocytochemistry to localize immunoactive il-1 have established the concept that the central nervous system, and in particula ... | 1993 | 8240669 |
| prostacyclin in diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome. | the role of prostacyclin (pgi2) in the pathogenesis of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) is controversial. in part, confusion has been caused by failure to distinguish between two main sub-types of the syndrome: extrinsic, diarrhoea-associated hus (d+ hus), usually caused by infection with verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli or shigella dysenteriae, and the heterogeneous group of non-prodromal forms where intrinsic factors predominate (d- hus). this paper critically reviews data confined to ... | 1993 | 8251312 |
| leukaemoid reaction in diarrhoeal diseases. | there was an outbreak of diarrhoea/dysentery in naxalbari, north bengal in august-september of 1992. ninety-seven cases were investigated. bacterial pathogens were isolated from stools of 17 cases and the organisms were salmonella typhimurium (76%), salmonella enteritidis (12%) and shigella dysenteriae type 1(12%). a leukaemoid reaction was observed in 4 cases (24%) amongst all 17 patients and they were all children. | 1993 | 8263332 |
| serum antibody responses against shigella lipopolysaccharides and invasion plasmid-coded antigens in shigella infected swedish patients. | serum antibody responses to shigella lipopolysaccharide (lps) and invasion plasmid-coded antigens (ipa) were studied in 74 swedish patients with culture verified bacillary dysentery using class-specific enzyme immunoassay (eia). anti-lps responses were found in 80% and 79% serum samples, respectively, from s. flexneri and s. sonnei infected patients and anti-ipa responses in 60% and 43%, respectively. the mean anti-ipa igg antibody titres in s. flexneri infected patients remained high for 4-6 mo ... | 1993 | 8284641 |