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vulnerability of organic acid tolerant wetland biota to the effects of inorganic acidification.inland waterbodies are often naturally acidic but are these ecosystems pre-adapted to inorganic acidification e.g., by acid sulfate soils (ass)? we conducted a controlled mesocosm experiment with inorganically acidified wetland water and wetland sediment replicates to ph 3 from a naturally acidic (ph 3.9, conductivity=74microscm(-1)) wetland in south-western australia. following acidification, dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen declined, and chlorophyll a dropped to zero. inorganic acidificat ...201020163829
formation and function of apolipoprotein e-containing lipoproteins in the nervous system.the strongest known genetic risk factor for the development of late-onset alzheimer disease is inheritance of the apolipoprotein (apo) e4 (epsilon4 allele) although the mechanisms underlying this connection are still not entirely clear. in this review, we shall discuss the role of apo e in the brain, particularly in relation to alzheimer disease. cholesterol transport and homeostasis in the central nervous system (cns) are separated from that in the peripheral circulation by the blood-brain barr ...201020170744
evolving experience with prevention and treatment of splenic artery syndrome after orthotopic liver transplantation.impaired hepatic arterial perfusion after orthotopic liver transplantation (olt) may lead to ischemic biliary tract lesions and graft-loss. hampered hepatic arterial blood flow is observed in patients with hypersplenism, often described as arterial steal syndrome (ass). however, arterial and portal perfusions are directly linked via the hepatic arterial buffer response (habr). recently, the term 'splenic artery syndrome' (sas) was coined to describe the effect of portal hyperperfusion leading to ...201020180930
evaluation of formalin inactivated v3526 virus with adjuvant as a next generation vaccine candidate for venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.v3526, a genetically modified strain of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev), was formalin inactivated for evaluation as a next generation vaccine candidate for veev. in this study, we tested formalin-inactivated v3526 (fv3526) with and without adjuvant for immunogenicity and efficacy in balb/c mice and results were compared to the existing inactivated veev vaccine, c84. mice were vaccinated intramuscularly (im) or subcutaneously (sc) with fv3526 formulations and challenged with veev iab ...201020193792
reactive trace element enrichment in a highly modified, tidally inundated acid sulfate soil wetland: east trinity, australia.this study examines the abundance of trace elements in surface sediments of a former acid sulfate soil (ass) wetland subjected to marine tidal inundation. sediment properties of this highly modified study site are compared with those of an adjacent unmodified, intertidal mangrove forest. whilst some trace elements (al, cd, mn, ni and zn) were clearly depleted due to mobilisation and leaching in the previous oxic-acidic phase, other trace elements (as and cr) displayed significant enrichment in t ...201020223484
the increase in seroprevalence to toxocara canis in asthmatic children is related to cross-reaction with ascaris suum antigens.it has been suggested that the presence of toxocara canis larvae in lungs is an underlying factor in the onset of asthma. although the association of asthma and seropositivity to toxocara has been observed, there are no studies that indicate whether these antibodies are specific against t. canis antigens.201020227158
the combination of adi-peg20 and trail effectively increases cell death in melanoma cell lines.current treatment for advanced, metastatic melanoma is not very effective, and new modalities are needed. adi-peg20 is a drug that specifically targets ass-negative malignant melanomas while sparing the ass-expressing normal cells. although laboratory research and clinical trials showed promising results, there are some ass-negative cell lines and patients that can develop resistance to this drug. in this report, we combined adi-peg20 with another antitumor drug trail to increase the killing of ...201020227389
expanding the chemical versatility of colloidal nanocrystals capped with molecular metal chalcogenide ligands.we developed different strategies toward the synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals stabilized with molecular metal chalcogenide complexes (mccs). negatively charged mccs, such as sns(4)(4-), sn(2)s(6)(4-), snte(4)(4-), ass(3)(3-), mos(4)(2-), can quantitatively replace the organic ligands at the nanocrystal surface and stabilize nanocrystal solutions in different polar media. we showed that all-inorganic nanocrystals composed of metals, semiconductors, or magnetic materials and capped with various ...201020593874
pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic considerations in the design of hospital-acquired or ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia studies: look before you leap!our thesis is a simple one: although a drug can fail in an individual patient for many reasons, appropriately sized and conducted drug-development programs often fail because of insensitive, uninformative end points, and/or poor a priori regimen decisions. the difficulty in successfully developing antimicrobial agents at present is often exacerbated by company decision-makers who are either uninformed or disregard the difference between empirical-based (ie, akin to playing pin-the-tail on the do ...201020597657
high performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry for sensitive determination of bioactive amines in donkey milk.in the present study we report on the optimization and validation of a sensitive high performance liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (hplc-apci-ms) method for the determination of 8 bioactive amines (histamine, tyramine, tryptamine, 2-phenylethylamine, cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine and spermine) in donkey milk samples. the method involves donkey milk pre-treatment to remove proteins and pre-column dansylation of the amines. hplc in reversed phas ...201020598311
an aß concatemer with altered aggregation propensities.we present an analysis of the conformational and aggregative properties of an aß concatemer (con-alz) of interest for vaccine development against alzheimer's disease. con-alz consists of 3 copies of the 43 residues of the aß peptide separated by the p2 and p30 t-cell epitopes from the tetanus toxin. even in the presence of high concentrations of denaturants or fluorinated alcohols, con-alz has a very high propensity to form aggregates which slowly coalesce over time with changes in secondary, te ...201020619363
antigenic characterization of trypanosoma evansi using sera from experimentally and naturally infected bovines, equines, dogs, and coatis.the present research investigated the presence of t. evansi antibodies in animals from the subregion of nhecolandia, in the pantanal sul-mato-grossense, by means of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat), and the pattern of polypeptide recognition by sera from experimentally and naturally infected hosts using western blotting. serum samples were obtained from bovines (n = 102), horses (n = 98), and dogs (n = 55), and from 32 free-ranging ...201020624349
the role of tau in alzheimer's disease and related disorders.summary tau, the microtubule-associated protein, forms insoluble filaments that accumulate as neurofibrillary tangles in alzheimer's disease (ad) and related tauopathies. under physiological conditions, tau regulates the assembly and maintenance of the structural stability of microtubules. in the diseased brain, however, tau becomes abnormally hyperphosphorylated, which ultimately causes the microtubules to disassemble, and the free tau molecules aggregate into paired helical filaments. a large ...201020553310
endocrine alterations around the time of abortion in mares impregnated with donkey or horse semen.the objective of this study was to monitor and compare the concentrations of equine chorionic gonadotropin (ecg), progesterone and estrone sulphate during normal and failed pregnancies of mares impregnated with donkey or horse semen, relating their individual endocrine profiles to the time of pregnancy loss, and to the histopathologic findings in the aborted fetuses and placenta. mares (n=54) were used, 32 of them impregnated with donkey semen and 22 impregnated with horse semen. blood samples w ...201020558016
fish mapping of six genes responsible for development of the nervous and skeletal systems on donkey (equus asinus) chromosomes.the results obtained in the present study made it possible to place selected markers responsible for development of the nervous and skeletal systems on the physical map of the donkey genome. fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) was used to localize genes such as gdf5 (15q13), frzb (4q23.1), twist (1q31), pax6 (20q25), sall1 (24q15) and shh (1q35) on donkey chromosomes. the identification of their localization confirmed previously proposed homologies using zoo-fish technique, except for frzb ...201020626768
gender influence on response time to sensory stimuli.the purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of auditory stimuli (as) and visual stimuli (vs) on response time, speed, and distance in male and female college athletes. thirty-five healthy national collegiate athletic association division i men's soccer and women's lacrosse athletes (mean age 20.7 +/- 2.3 years) participated in the study. this experiment was conducted in a laboratory environment, using a cybex "reactor" a 14-sensor force plate device used to detect response times, ...201020300032
[hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype and the prevalence of anti-hev in 8 species of animals in the suburbs of beijing.].to investigate the prevalence of anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) and genotypes of hepatitis e virus in 8 species of animals including swine, cattle, sheep, horse, donkey, dog, chicken and duck in the suburb of beijing.201020302698
[update: oral platelet inhibitors in cardiology].the antithrombotic therapy in patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease is subject of several new therapeutic approaches. simultaneous treatment with acetylsalicylic acid (ass) and a thienopyridine (clopidogrel) represents the standard of care for patients with acute coronary syndrome and following coronary stenting recommended by many guidelines. without true evidence this drug combination is used for the prevention of arterial thrombosis in many other vascular interventions (e.g. carotid ...201020333345
re-evaluation of current a0 value recommendations for thermal disinfection of reusable human waste containers based on new experimental data.issues over the correct cleaning and disinfection of reusable medical devices are of great concern for local infection control teams. we investigated the heat resistance of two important micro-organisms implicated in nosocomial infections, enterococcus spp. and spores of bacillus subtilis (a surrogate for clostridium difficile). disinfection with moist heat, based on the a(0) concept (en iso 15883-1), is the most common method for disinfection of human waste containers in the hospital setting. t ...201020338666
proteomics of trypanosoma evansi infection in rodents.trypanosoma evansi infections, commonly called 'surra', cause significant economic losses to livestock industry. while this infection is mainly restricted to large animals such as camels, donkeys and equines, recent reports indicate their ability to infect humans. there are no world animal health organization (waho) prescribed diagnostic tests or vaccines available against this disease and the available drugs show significant toxicity. there is an urgent need to develop improved methods of diagn ...201020339546
efficiency of different extenders on cooled semen collected during long and short day length seasons in martina franca donkey.artificial insemination with cooled semen is routine in equids because of its good fertility rates and relatively low costs. in several donkey breeds, especially in restricted populations, the use of cooled semen could be seen as the best way of improving reproductive performance and avoiding excessive inbreeding. furthermore, most jennies have ovulatory estrous throughout the year, and thus, cooled semen could also be used during short day length season. the aims of this study were to evaluate ...201020346604
shared y chromosome repetitive dna sequences in stallion and donkey as visualized using whole-genomic comparative hybridization.the genome of stallion (spanish breed) and donkey (spanish endemic zamorano-leonés) were compared using whole comparative genomic in situ hybridization (w-cgh) technique, with special reference to the variability observed in the y chromosome. results show that these diverging genomes still share some highly repetitive dna families localized in pericentromeric regions and, in the particular case of the y chromosome, a sub-family of highly repeated dna sequences, greatly expanded in the donkey gen ...201020353909
diabetes and the vulnerable plaque: putting the tail on the donkey. 201020368226
donkey and goat milk intake and modulation of the human aged immune response.in a group of 14 healthy aged subjects, donkey and goat milk was administered respectively, for a period of one month. cytokine profile [interleukin (il)-12, il-10, il-1beta, il-8, il-6 and tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha] was assessed before and after milk intake by means of a cytometric bead array test. data demonstrated that il-12 was undetectable, while il-10, il-1beta and tnf-alpha were released in very low amounts. quite interestingly, il-8 was increased by donkey milk administration, wh ...201020388099
isolation and characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype h5n1 from donkeys.the highly pathogenic h5n1 is a major avian pathogen that crosses species barriers and seriously affects humans as well as some mammals. it mutates in an intensified manner and is considered a potential candidate for the possible next pandemic with all the catastrophic consequences.201020398268
antisense-induced guanine quadruplexes inhibit reverse transcription by hiv-1 reverse transcriptase.guanine quadruplex structures in dna and rna affect normal cellular processes such as replication, recombination, and translation. thus, controlling guanine quadruplex structures could make it possible to manipulate the biological function of nucleic acids. here, we report a novel antisense strategy using guanine-tethered antisense oligonucleotides (g-ass) that introduces an rna-dna heteroquadruplex structure on rna templates in a predictable and sequence-specific manner, which in practice effec ...201020698683
chromosomal assignment of r-spondin genes in the donkey (equus asinus, 2n = 62).r-spondins constitute a recently discovered small family of growth factors, and the evidence of their role in several developmental pathways is growing fast. in this work we describe the chromosomal location of the four rspo genes in the donkey. using horse bacs, we localized rspo1 on eas 5q23, rspo2 on eas 12q13, rspo3 on eas 24q26, and rspo4 on eas 15p13. moreover, rspo2, rspo3, and rspo4 are the first genes mapped on donkey chromosomes 12, 24, and 15, respectively.201020720306
two hypomorphic alleles of mouse ass1 as a new animal model of citrullinemia type i and other hyperammonemic syndromes.citrullinemia type i (ctln1, omim# 215700) is an inherited urea cycle disorder that is caused by an argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) enzyme deficiency. in this report, we describe two spontaneous hypomorphic alleles of the mouse ass1 gene that serve as an animal model of ctln1. these two independent mouse mutant alleles, also described in patients affected with ctln1, interact to produce a range of phenotypes. while some mutant mice died within the first week after birth, others survived but s ...201020724589
decision model for acute appendicitis treatment with decision tree technology--a modification of the alvarado scoring system.how to decide the proper time to do laparotomies for acute appendicitis patients is sometimes very difficult, especially in areas with no imaging diagnostic tools. the alvarado scoring system (ass) is a convenient and inexpensive decision making tool; however, its accuracy needs to be improved. the decision tree is the most frequently used data mining technology for diagnostic model building. this study used a decision tree to modify the ass and to prioritize the variables.201020728850
morphological and biochemical changes in the blood of horses naturally infected with gasterophilus sp. larvae.gasterophilus sp. constitute a group of specific parasites, which larval forms are found in horses and other phylogenetically related species--donkeys, mules and zebras. their invasion is associated with marked fluctuations of hematological and biochemical blood parameters, including the activity of many enzymes and the electrolyte concentration. the purpose of the study was to analyze changes in selected biochemical and morphological blood parameters of horses infected with botfly larvae. the e ...201020731178
a secondary antibody format chemiluminescence immunoassay for the determination of estradiol in human serum.a competitive immunoassay for estradiol (e2) based on secondary antibody format was established. the donkey anti-rabbit igg was used as the secondary antibody to coat micro-plates, and the horseradish peroxidase (hrp)-luminol-h(2)o(2) chemiluminescent system with high sensitivity was chosen as the detection system. the addition of sodium trichloroacetate (ccl(3)coona) in the enzyme buffer as a replaceable packing material can realize directly analysis of e2 in human serum without extraction, whi ...201020801358
l-citrulline attenuates arrested alveolar growth and pulmonary hypertension in oxygen-induced lung injury in newborn rats.bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) is characterized by arrested alveolar development and complicated by pulmonary hypertension (ph). nitric oxide (no) promotes alveolar growth. inhaled no (ino) ameliorates the bpd phenotype in experimental models and in some premature infants. arginosuccinate synthetase (ass) and arginosuccinate lyase (asl) convert l-citrulline to l-arginine; l-citrulline is regenerated during no synthesis from l-arginine. plasma levels of these no precursors are low in ph. we hyp ...201020805789
micromorphology of resin-dentin interfaces using one-bottle etch&rinse and self-etching adhesive systems on laser-treated dentin surfaces: a confocal laser scanning microscope analysis.this study evaluated the hybrid layer (hl) morphology created by three adhesive systems (as) on dentin surfaces treated with er:yag laser using two irradiation parameters.201020806391
[an indirect elisa for the detection of babesia caballi in equine animals].to clone and express bc48 gene of babesia caballi, and to establish an indirect elisa for the diagnosis of b. caballi in equine animals.201020806504
colorimetric detection of achiral anions and chiral carboxylates by a chiral thiourea-phthalimide dyad.the chiral chemosensor 1, based on a thiourea-activated phthalimide, is available by four reaction steps from 4-nitrophthalimide. 1 detects fluoride, chloride, acetate, and dihydrogen phosphate anions by changes in uv-vis absorption. fluoride in excess induces deprotonation whereas the other anions show only complex formation in the ground state. (1)h-nmr studies confirm the formation of these h-bonded complexes and the fluoride-induced receptor deprotonation in the recognition process. moderate ...201020820676
measurement of thyroid hormones in donkey (equus asinus) blood and milk: validation of elisa kits and evaluation of sample collection, handling and storage.donkey's milk is well tolerated by human infants with cow's milk allergy and is useful in the treatment of human immune-related diseases and in the prevention of atherosclerosis. thyroid hormones (th) stimulate lactation and active triiodothyronine (t3) in colostrum and milk could take paracrine action supporting lactogenesis in the mother, and play physiological roles for the suckling offspring (systemic or within the gastrointestinal tract). the aims were to measure th concentrations in donkey ...201020822570
[cyclopentadienyl]metalcarbonyl complexes of acetylsalicylic acid as neo-anticancer agents.[(prop-2-ynyl)-2-acetoxybenzoate]dicobalthexacarbonyl (co-ass), a derivative of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug aspirin(®) (ass), demonstrated high cytotoxic potential against various tumor cells. the [acetylene]co(2)(co)(6) cluster strongly increased the biological effects compared to aspirin(®). in this study we evaluated the use of [cyclopentadienyl]metalcarbonyl as cytotoxic moiety with a broader series of metals: molybdenum, manganese, cobalt and rhodium. all compounds were tested f ...201020828891
nasal bots...a fascinating world!larvae causing obligatory myiasis are numerous and they may affect cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, wounds, nasopharyngeal cavities (nasal bots), internal organs and the digestive tract (bots) of domestic and wild animals and humans as well. nasal bots belong to the family oestridae, subfamily oestrinae, which includes several important genera: oestrus, kirkioestrus, and gedoelstia infecting artiodactyla (except cervidae) in africa and eurasia, cephenemyia and pharyngomyia infecting cervidae, ...201020837381
tick-borne rickettsioses, neglected emerging diseases in rural senegal.rickettsioses are one of the most important causes of systemic febrile illness among travelers from developed countries, but little is known about their incidence in indigenous populations, especially in west africa.201020856858
synthesis and biological activities of transition metal complexes based on acetylsalicylic acid as neo-anticancer agents.[(μ(4)-η(2))-(prop-2-ynyl)-2-acetoxybenzoate]dicobalthexacarbonyl (co-ass), a derivative of aspirin (ass), demonstrated high growth-inhibitory potential against various tumor cells with interference in the arachidonic acid cascade as probable mode of action. the significance of the kind of metal and cluster was verified in this structure-activity study: co(2)(co)(6) was respectively exchanged by a tetrameric cobalt-, trimeric ruthenium-, or trimeric ironcarbonyl cluster. furthermore, the metal b ...201020857911
anti-11[e]-pyroglutamate-modified amyloid β antibodies cross-react with other pathological aβ species: relevance for immunotherapy.n-truncated/modified forms of amyloid beta (aß) peptide are found in diffused and dense core plaques in alzheimer's disease (ad) and down's syndrome patients as well as animal models of ad, and represent highly desirable therapeutic targets. in the present study we have focused on n-truncated/modified aβ peptide bearing amino-terminal pyroglutamate at position 11 (aβn11(pe)). we identified two b-cell epitopes recognized by rabbit anti-aβn11(pe) polyclonal antibodies. interestingly, rabbit anti-a ...201020864186
erythrocyte permeability to urea and water: comparative study in rodents, ruminants, carnivores, humans, and birds.mammalian erythrocytes exhibit high urea permeability (p (urea)) due to ut-b expression in their cytoplasmic membrane. this high p (urea) allows fast equilibration of urea in erythrocytes during their transit in the hyperosmotic renal medulla. it also allows more urea (in addition to that in plasma) to participate in counter-current exchange between ascending and descending vasa recta, thus improving the trapping of urea in the medulla and improving urine concentrating ability. to determine if p ...201020878327
amino acid mutations in the env gp90 protein that modify n-linked glycosylation of the chinese eiav vaccine strain enhance resistance to neutralizing antibodies.the chinese eiav vaccine is an attenuated live-virus vaccine obtained by serial passage of a virulent horse isolate (eiav(l)) in donkeys (eiav(d)), and subsequently in donkey cells in vitro. in this study, we compare the env gene of the original horse virulent virus (eiav(l)) with attenuated strains serially passaged in donkey mdm (eiav(dlv)), and donkey dermal cells (eiav(fddv)). genetic comparisons among parental and attenuated strains found that vaccine strains contained amino acid substituti ...201020883167
hygienic and health characteristics of donkey milk during a follow-up study.for its characteristics, donkey milk has been proposed as an alternative to goat or artificial milk to feed allergic infants. therefore, it is important to increase our knowledge on health and immunological characteristics of donkey milk. ten donkeys, bred as companion animals, were enrolled in this study and sampled once a month, for eight months. milk (10 ml) was collected from each half udder for somatic cell count (scc), bacteriological analysis and total bacteria count (tbc). the major path ...201020883563
[the efficacy of anthelmintic drugs against horse strongyles in the area of salzburg and preliminary results of selective anthelmintic treatment].in recent years more and more cases of anthelmintic resistant equine strongyles were reported. the latest developments are cases of resistance against macrocyclic lactones. in order to delay this process less anthelmintics and only those which have been previously tested for their efficacy on each individual farm should be used. during the grazing season 2008 faecal samples of 281 horses and 5 donkeys from 26 farms were analysed in the area of salzburg. to 164 of these horses selective anthelmin ...201020924696
longitudinal study of an outbreak of trypanosoma evansi infection in equids and dromedary camels in israel.an outbreak of trypanosomoasis caused by trypanosoma evansi involving horses, camels and donkeys occurred in a farm in israel. a longitudinal study of two outbreak phases was conducted which included clinical monitoring, blood smears, packed cell volume (pcv), serology and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by reverse dot blot (rdb) for the molecular detection of infection. this was the first reported t. evansi outbreak in domestic animals in israel. most of the camels on the farm (8/10; 8 ...201020926194
antibody to the e3 glycoprotein protects mice against lethal venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection.six monoclonal antibodies were isolated that exhibited specificity for a furin cleavage site deletion mutant (v3526) of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev). these antibodies comprise a single competition group and bound the e3 glycoprotein of veev subtype i viruses but failed to bind the e3 glycoprotein of other alphaviruses. these antibodies neutralized v3526 virus infectivity but did not neutralize the parental strain of trinidad donkey (trd) veev. however, the e3-specific antibodies d ...201020926570
feno as a marker of airways inflammation: the possible implications in childhood asthma management.the aim of this study was to verify feno usefulness, as a marker of bronchial inflammation, in the assessment of therapeutic management of childhood asthma. we performed a prospective 1-year randomized clinical trial evaluating two groups of 32 children with allergic asthma: "gina group", in which therapy was assessed only by gina guidelines and "feno group", who followed a therapeutic program assessed also on feno measurements. asthma severity score (ass), asthma exacerbation frequency (aef), a ...201020948878
allicin can reduce neuronal death and ameliorate the spatial memory impairment in alzheimer's disease models.to investigate the mechanisms and protective effects of allicin on learning and memory in a mouse model of alzheimer's disease (ad).201020956919
three-dimensional imaging of ventricular activation and electrograms from intracavitary recordings.three-dimensional (3-d) mapping of the ventricular activation is of importance to better understand the mechanisms and facilitate management of ventricular arrhythmias. the goal of this study was to develop and evaluate a 3-d cardiac electrical imaging (3dcei) approach for imaging myocardial electrical activation from the intracavitary electrograms (egs) and heart-torso geometry information over the 3-d volume of the heart. the 3dcei was evaluated in a swine model undergoing intracavitary noncon ...201021189233
epidemiology of equine sarcoids in horses in western canada.sarcoids are the most common tumor of the equine skin but only 1 study describing the epidemiology of sarcoids in canadian horses has been published. the records of 5 veterinary diagnostic laboratories in western canada were searched to identify submissions of sarcoids from horses. the submission records and diagnostic reports of 802 separate submissions of equine sarcoids were reviewed for age, breed, and gender of the horse and the number, location, and clinical type of sarcoid. from these rec ...201021197201
ultrasensitively sensing acephate using molecular imprinting techniques on a surface plasmon resonance sensor.an ultrathin molecularly imprinted polymer film was anchored on an au surface for fabricating a surface plasmon resonance sensor sensitive to acephate by a surface-bound photo-radical initiator. the polymerization in the presence of acephate resulted in a molecular-imprinted matrix for the enhanced binding of acephate. analysis of the spr wavenumber changes in the presence of different concentrations of acephate gave a calibration curve that included the ultrasensitive detection of acephate by t ...201021238731
biological aspects on dictyocaulus arnfieldi.in the postmortem examination of 54 adult donkeys slaughtered for the carnivore animals in kafr el-sheikh zoological garden, dictyocaulus arnfieldi (cobbold, 1884) railliet and henry, 1907 was demonstrated in their lungs. the biological data of the different developmental stages were recorded and discussed, where the period required for maturation, hatching and development of 2nd and 3rd stage larvae was 84 hours, general discussion was given.201021246946
anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in working donkeys and donkey's milk in greater cairo, egypt.toxoplasma gondii is one of the important zoonotic parasites of worldwide zoological & geographical distribution. elisa prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in egyptian locally bred working donkeys in greater cairo was evaluated. the donkeys were 75 females & 25 males aged between 3-10 years. the results showed that elisa antibodies of t. gondii were found in 45 out of 100 (45%) working donkeys. donkeys' milk obtained from fifteen pregnant females was t. gondii positive in seven (46.3%). the zoonotic ...201021246953
the nature of intermediate-range order in ge-as-s glasses: results from reverse monte carlo modeling.the experimental neutron and x-ray diffraction data for stoichiometric and s-deficient ge(x)as(x)s(100-2x) glasses with x = 18.2, 25.0, and 33.3 at.% have been modeled simultaneously using the reverse monte carlo (rmc) technique. nearest-neighbor coordination environments, as obtained in previous x-ray absorption spectroscopy and diffraction experiments, have been employed as short-range order constraints in these simulations. the large scale three-dimensional structural models thus obtained fro ...201021389466
on the reactivity of sulfosalts in cyanide aqueous media: structural, bonding and electronic aspects.the reactivity of the ruby silver minerals proustite (3ag(2)s⋅as(2)s(3)) and pyrargyrite (3ag(2)s⋅sb(2)s(3)) was studied with two types of electrodes: a carbon-paste electroactive electrode (cpee) and a paraffin-impregnated graphite electrode (pige). polycrystalline samples of α-ag(2)s (acanthite), as(2)s(3) (orpiment), sb(2)s(3) (stibnite), ag(3)ass(3) (proustite), ag(3)sbs(3) (pyrargyrite), and three samples of the proustite-pyrargyrite solid solution series were synthesized from pure elements ...201020677313
amyloid aß , cut from app by ß-secretase bace1 and γ-secretase, induces apoptosis via opening type-1 porin/vdac in cell membranes of hypometabolic cells-a basic model for the induction of apoptosis!? 201020675165
properties of a general pk/pd model of antibody-ligand interactions for therapeutic antibodies that bind to soluble endogenous targets.antibodies that target endogenous soluble ligands are an important class of biotherapeutic agents. while much focus has been placed on characterization of antibody pharmacokinetics, less emphasis has been given to characterization of antibody effects on their soluble targets. we describe here the properties of a generalized mechanism-based pk/pd model used to characterize the in vivo interaction of an antibody and an endogenous soluble ligand. the assumptions and properties of the model are expl ...201020676036
phytosociological and ecological structure of mediterranean enclaves along the stream valleys in inner parts of black sea region.in this study phytosociological structure of mediterranean enclaves which occured along the stream valleys in inner parts of black sea region was investigated. pinus brutia var. brutia and quercus coccifera are the most widespread communities in the study area. pinus pinea, arbutus andrachne, arbutus unedo, fontanesia philliraeoides subsp. philliraeoides and olea europaea l. var sylvestris have a restricted distribution in inner parts of black sea region as compared to p. brutia and q. coccifera ...201020648812
differences of protein fractions among fresh, frozen and powdered donkey milk.recently donkey milk has been the focus of several studies because of its special nutritional properties and composition, which is very close to human milk. when a mother cannot breastfeed, or chooses not to breastfeed, the use of a milk substitute must provide the best option to meet the nutritional and health needs of the infant. donkey milk has been widely used in the past to replace human milk, because chemical composition and protein content are close to that of human milk, and also because ...201020653550
cancer cell sensitivity to arginine deprivation in vitro is not determined by endogenous levels of arginine metabolic enzymes.single amino acid arg (arginine) deprivation is currently considered as a therapeutic approach to treat certain types of tumours; the molecular mechanisms that underlie tumour cell sensitivity or resistance to arg restriction are still little understood. here, we address the question of whether endogenous levels of key arg metabolic enzymes [catabolic: arginases, arg1 (arginase type 1) and arg2 (arginase type 2), and anabolic: otc (ornithine transcarbamylase) and ass (argininosuccinate synthetas ...201020653567
pairing fullerenes and porphyrins: supramolecular wires that exhibit charge transfer activity.a concept is elaborated of pairing electron donors and electron acceptors that share a common trait, wire-like features, as a powerful means to realize a new and versatile class of electron donor-acceptor nanohybrids. important variables are fine-tuning (i) the complexation strength, (ii) the electron/energy transfer behavior, and (iii) the solubilities of the resulting architectures. in particular, a series of supramolecular porphyrin/fullerene hybrids assembled by the hydrogen bonding of hamil ...201020681711
statins for the treatment of dementia.the use of statin therapy in established alzheimer's disease (ad) or vascular dementia (vad) is a relatively unexplored area. in ad ss-amyloid protein (ass) is deposited in the form of extracellular plaques and previous studies have determined ass generation is cholesterol dependent. hypercholesterolaemia has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of vad. due to the role of statins in cholesterol reduction it is biologically plausible they may be efficacious in the treatment of ad and dementia ...201020687089
epigenetic modification is linked to alzheimer's disease: is it a maker or a marker?alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder and shows progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. intraneuronal filaments composed of aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein, called neurofibrillary tangles, along with extracellular accumulations of amyloid ß protein (aß), called senile plaques, are known to be the neuropathological hallmarks of ad. in light of recent studies, epigenetic modification has emerged as one of the pathogenic mechanisms of ...201021034526
change in plasma aß peptides and onset of dementia in adults with down syndrome.to examine changes in levels of plasma amyloid-β (aβ) peptides, aβ42 and aβ40, in relation to onset of alzheimer disease (ad) in adults with down syndrome (ds).201021041786
[novel anticoagulants for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation].the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia and main cause for cardio-embolic stroke is atrial fibrillation. prophylaxis for thrombembolic events is performed regarding individual risk of patients with either ass or vitamin-k-antagonists. efficacy and safety of oral anticoagulation is limited by a narrow therapeutical range as well as by inter- and intraindividual variability of inr-values due to genetic disposition, differences in alimentation, dosage errors, rare control of inr-levels and drug-intera ...201021064013
tailoring immobilization of immunoglobulin by excimer laser for biosensor applications.the sheltered transfer and immobilization of rabbit anti-human antiserum immunoglobulin g (igg) by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (maple) are reported. the iced targets submitted to laser irradiation consisted of 0.2-2 mg/ml igg blended or not with lipid (l-α-phosphatidylcholine dipalmitoyl) dissolved in distilled water-based saline buffer. thin igg coatings were obtained at room temperature onto glass, fused silica, or silicon substrates. ten thousand subsequent laser pulses of 0.33, ...201021171158
glycomics of a novel type-2 n-acetyllactosamine-specific lectin purified from the feather star, oxycomanthus japonicus (pelmatozoa: crinoidea).a lectin - designated oxyl for the purposes of this study that strongly recognizes complex-type oligosaccharides of serum glycoproteins - was purified from a crinoid, the feather star oxycomanthus japonicus, the most basal group among extant echinoderms. oxyl was purified through a combination of anion-exchange and affinity chromatography using q-sepharose and fetuin-sepharose gel, respectively. lectin was determined to be a 14-kda polypeptide by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electr ...201021176791
gluts and mammalian sperm metabolism.mammalian cells use glucides as a substrate that can be catabolized through glycolitic pathways or oxidative phosphorylation, used as a source of reducing potential, or used for anabolic aims. an important role in supplying cells with energy is played by different membrane proteins that can actively (sodium-dependent glucose transporters) or passively (glucose transporters; glut) transport hexoses through the lipidic bilayer. in particular, gluts are a family of 13 proteins that facilitate the t ...201021088231
realgar- and cinnabar-containing an-gong-niu-huang wan (agnh) is much less acutely toxic than sodium arsenite and mercuric chloride.an-gong-niu-huang wan (agnh) is a famous traditional chinese medicine used for brain trauma, hemorrhage, and coma. agnh contains 10% realgar (as₄s₄) and 10% cinnabar (hgs). both as and hg are well-known for their toxic effects, and the safety of agnh is of concern. to address this question, the acute toxicity of agnh, realgar and cinnabar were compared to sodium arsenite (naaso₂) and mercuric chloride (hgcl₂). mice were administrated orally agnh at 1, 3 and 6g/kg. agnh at 3g/kg contains 2.8mmol ...201021094152
inhibition of chymotrypsin- and subtilisin-like serine proteases with tk-serpin from hyperthermophilic archaeon thermococcus kodakaraensis.a serpin homologue (tk-serpin) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon thermococcus kodakaraensis was overproduced in e. coli, purified, and characterized. tk-serpin irreversibly inhibits tk-subtilisin (tks) from the same organism with the second-order association rate constants (k(ass)) of 5.2×10³ m⁻¹ s⁻¹ at 40°c and 3.1×10⁵ m⁻¹ s⁻¹ at 80°c, indicating that tk-serpin inhibits tks more strongly at 80°c than at 40°c. it also irreversibly inhibits chymotrypsin, subtilisin carlsberg, and proteinase k a ...201021112419
descriptive epidemiology of equine influenza in india (2008-2009): temporal and spatial trends.equine influenza is a contagious viral disease that affects all members of the family equidae, i.e., horses, donkeys and mules. the authors describe the pattern of equine influenza outbreaks in a number of states of india from july 2008 to june 2009. the disease was first reported in june 2008 in katra (jammu and kashmir) and spread to ten other states within a year. all outbreaks of equine influenza in the various states were confirmed by laboratory investigations (virus isolation and/or serolo ...201021120800
anti-jo-1 antisynthetase syndrome.given a lack of population-based studies, we report an epidemiological-clinic study of anti-jo-1 antisynthetase syndrome (ass).201021125186
steady-state and time-resolved investigations of a crown thioether conjugated with methylacridinium and its complexes with metal ions.the crown thioether 9-[4-(4,7,10,13-tetrathia-1-azacyclopentadecyl]phenyl-n-methylacridinium perchlorate (tcma) was synthesized and characterized with the aim to verify its ability to interact selectively with metal ions and substantiate the possibility to detect easily the presence of heavy metals in fluid samples. the spectroscopic properties of tcma, alone and in the presence of metal ions, were therefore studied in polar solvents (mecn and h(2)o); in particular, steady-state uv-vis spectroph ...201021127778
state trait anxiety in the emergency department: an analysis of anticipatory and life stressors.to determine the relationship between stress indicators and state anxiety among pediatric emergency department (ed) patients, as a background to develop appropriate psychoeducational and behavioral interventions.201021131802
brain nitric oxide production by a proline-rich decapeptide from bothrops jararaca venom improves baroreflex sensitivity of spontaneously hypertensive rats.baroreflex sensitivity is disturbed in many people with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. brain deficiency of nitric oxide (no), which is synthesized by no synthase (nos) in the citrulline-no cycle (with argininosuccinate synthase (ass) activity being the rate-limiting step), contributes to impaired baroreflex. we recently showed that a decapeptide isolated from bothrops jararaca snake venom, denoted bj-pro-10c, exerts powerful and sustained antihypertensive activity. bj-pro-10c prom ...201021132021
genomic comparison between attenuated chinese equine infectious anemia virus vaccine strains and their parental virulent strains.a lentiviral vaccine, live attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) vaccine, was developed in the 1970s, and this has made tremendous contributions to the control of equine infectious anemia (eia) in china. four key virus strains were generated during the attenuation of the eiav vaccine: the original liao-ning strain (eiav(ln40)), a donkey-adapted virulent strain (eiav(dv117)), a donkey-leukocyte-attenuated vaccine strain (eiav(dlv121)), and a fetal donkey dermal cell (fdd)-adapted vacci ...201021136127
targeted cellular metabolism for cancer chemotherapy with recombinant arginine-degrading enzymes.it has been shown that a subset of human cancers, notably, melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) are auxotrophic for arginine (arg), because they do not express argininosuccinate synthetase (ass), the rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of arginine from citrulline. these ass-negative cancer cells require arg from extracellular sources for survival. when they are exposed to recombinant arg-degrading enzymes, e.g. arginine deiminase (adi) or arginase, they die because of arg starvation ...201021152246
tailoring immobilization of immunoglobulin by excimer laser for biosensor applications.the sheltered transfer and immobilization of rabbit anti-human antiserum immunoglobulin g (igg) by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (maple) are reported. the iced targets submitted to laser irradiation consisted of 0.2-2 mg/ml igg blended or not with lipid (l-α-phosphatidylcholine dipalmitoyl) dissolved in distilled water-based saline buffer. thin igg coatings were obtained at room temperature onto glass, fused silica, or silicon substrates. ten thousand subsequent laser pulses of 0.33, ...201021154455
a pericentric inv(9)(p22q34) of the der(9)t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) is a recurrent secondary anomaly in ph-positive leukemia.a pericentric inv(9)(p22q34) of the derivative chromosome 9 that resulted from a standard t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) was identified by r-banding karyotypic analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) assays in 4 (0.18%) of 2,200 philadelphia chromosome (ph)-positive leukemia patients, including 3 with chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) in chronic phase and 1 with acute myeloid leukemia (aml) in our hospital since 2004. all four patients had two malignant clones: one with only t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) a ...201021156255
stress echocardiography in differentiation of fixed vs. low flow-low gradient and pseudo severe aortic stenosis.to present the importance of stress echocardiography in diagnosis of low flow-low gradient aortic stenosis (as).201021287957
tris[4-(methyl-sulfan-yl)phen-yl]arsine.in the title compound, c(21)h(21)ass(3), the three benzene rings make dihedral angles of 88.41 (10), 87.75 (9) and 74.74 (10)° with each other. the methyl-sulfanyl groups are roughly coplanar with their attached benzene rings [c-s-c-c torsion angles = -7.6 (2), 11.2 (2) and 4.1 (2)°]. in the crystal, weak c-h⋯π inter-actions link the mol-ecules.201021588406
undeca-carbonyl-1κc,2κc,3κc-{tris-[4-(methyl-sulfanyl)-phen-yl]arsine-1κas}-triangulo-triruthenium(0).the crystal structure of the title triangulo-triruthenium compound, [ru(3)(c(21)h(21)ass(3))(co)(11)], confirms that during the synthesis one equatorial carbonyl ligand is substituted by a monodentate arsine ligand, leaving one equatorial and two axial carbonyl substituents on an ru atom. the other two ru atoms each carry two equatorial and two axial carbonyl ligands. the three arsine-substituted benzene rings make dihedral angles of 77.94 (13), 86.37 (13) and 73.22 (12)° with each other. two of ...201021588476
bis([μ-bis-(diphenyl-phosphino)methane-1:2κp:p']nona-carbonyl-1κc,2κc,3κc-{tris-[4-(methyl-sulfan-yl)phen-yl]arsine-3κas}-triangulo-triruthenium(0)) dichloro-methane monosolvate.the asymmetric unit of the title triangulo-triruthenium compound, 2[ru(3)(c(21)h(21)ass(3))(c(25)h(22)p(2))(co)(9)]·ch(2)cl(2), consists of one triangulo-triruthenium complex mol-ecule and one half of a dichloro-methane mol-ecule which lies across a crystallographic inversion center, leading to the disorder of this mol-ecule over two positions of equal occupancy. the bis-(diphenyl-phosphino)methane ligand bridges an ru-ru bond and the monodentate arsine ligand bonds to the third ru atom. both th ...201021588546
bis([μ-bis-(diphenyl-arsino)methane-1:2κas:as']nona-carbonyl-1κc,2κc,3κc-{tris-[4-(methyl-sulfan-yl)phen-yl]arsine-3κas}-triangulo-triruthenium(0)) dichloro-methane monosolvate.the asymmetric unit of the title triangulo-triruthenium compound, 2[ru(3)(c(25)h(22)as(2))(c(21)h(21)ass(3))(co)(9)]·ch(2)cl(2), consists of one triangulo-triruthenium complex mol-ecule and one half of a dichloro-methane mol-ecule which lies across a crystallographic inversion center, leading to the disorder of this mol-ecule over two positions of equal occupancy. the bis-(diphenyl-arsino)methane ligand bridges an ru-ru bond and the monodentate arsine ligand bonds to the third ru atom. all arsin ...201021588547
pack wounds of donkeys and mules in the northern high atlas and lowlands of morocco.wounds are one of the primary welfare concerns of working equids and are often related to harness or load-bearing packs.201020486978
environmental and demographic risk factors for poor welfare in working horses, donkeys and mules in developing countries.over 85% of equids live in developing countries, where they are usually used for work. we aimed to identify environmental factors associated with potential welfare problems in working equids, helping target welfare interventions towards the most vulnerable animals. over 5 years, non-invasive behavioural and physical data were collected from 5481 donkeys, 4504 horses, and 858 mules across nine developing countries. hoof and limb problems were over 90% prevalent, and 85% of equids were thin. older ...201019926316
glanders in donkeys (equus asinus) in the state of pernambuco, brazil: a case report.the clinical, anatomical and histopatological findings of glanders diagnosis in donkeys in the state of pernambuco-brazil are reported. the animals were euthanized and necropsied, and evaluated for lesions in respiratory and lymphatic systems, confirming the disease by isolation of burkholderia mallei and strauss test.201024031474
a new, very sensitive method of assessment of ptaquiloside, the major bracken carcinogen in the milk of farm animals.we describe a new method to detect trace levels of ptaquiloside (pta), a major carcinogen of bracken fern in biological samples such as milk from farm animals. the method involves the absorption of analyte on carbograph followed by elution with solvents mixtures. the unstable analyte is then converted into br-pt (ii), which is specific for pta, as it is not a natural decay product of the glycoside in aqueous media. an internal standard, the br-pterosine-d2, prepared in our laboratories has been ...201131261490
seroepidemiological survey of rhodococcus equi infection in asymptomatic horses and donkeys from southeast turkey.in order to assess the level of rhodococcus equi infection in southeast turkey, 679 sera from healthy foals and adult horses and 78 sera from donkeys were tested by indirect elisa using a r. equi reference strain (atcc 33701) as antigen. eighty (11.7%) sera from horses and 9 (11.5%) sera from donkeys with titres >0.85 were positive. the prevalence of seropositive horses in sanliurfa province was higher than in diyarbakir province; 56 (13.9%) horses in sanliurfa province and 24 (8.7%) horses in d ...201122616436
genetic differences in the serum proteome of horses, donkeys and mules are detectable by protein profiling.although horses and donkeys belong to the same genus, their genetic characteristics probably result in specific proteomes and post-translational modifications (ptm) of proteins. since ptm can alter protein properties, specific ptm may contribute to species-specific characteristics. therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyse differences in serum protein profiles of horses and donkeys as well as mules, which combine the genetic backgrounds of both species. additionally, changes in ptm ...201122005420
donkey milk-based formula: a substitute for patients with cow's milk protein allergy.cow's milk protein allergy affects 2-7% of children using cow's milk formulae. fifty to eighty percent of them develop allergy to other food items and substitutes. on the search for a safe and affordable substitute, we reviewed the composition of milks of the domestic mammals in close contact with man. milk constituents studied included fat, protein, lactose, minerals, water, ph, specific gravity and caloric value. compared to others, donkey milk was found to be closest to breast milk when the a ...201127493315
zygomycetes from herbivore dung in the ecological reserve of dois irmãos, northeast brazil.thirty-eight taxa of zygomycetes distributed in 15 genera were recorded from tapir (tapirus terrestris), camel (camelus bactrianus), horse (equus caballus), deer (cervus elaphus), agouti (dasyprocta aguti), donkey (equus asinus), llama (llama glama) and waterbuck (kobus ellipsiprymnus) dung collected at the reserva ecológica de dois irmãos located in recife, state of pernambuco, northeast brazil. the samples were collected on a monthly basis from june 2005 to may 2006, taken to the laboratory an ...201124031609
seminal parameters and field fertility of cryopreserved donkey jack semen after insemination of horse mares.as mule production is often concentrated in remote areas of the world, a simplified semen cryopreservation protocol is required.201121592212
comparative study on 15-ketodihydro-pgf(2α) plasma concentrations in newborn horses, donkeys and calves.the aim of this study was to compare the plasma profiles of 15-ketodihydro-pgf(2α) (pgm) in healthy neonates of three different species from birth until the third week of life. twenty-four horse foals, 12 donkey foals, and 9 calves were studied. blood samples were collected at 10, 20 and 30 min after birth, at 3, 24 and 72 h after birth, and at 7, 10, 17 and 21 days of life. all mothers experienced normal gestation lengths and normal, spontaneous deliveries. all newborns were judged mature and v ...201121599765
in vitro maturation and artificial activation of donkey oocytes.three media were evaluated for their ability to support in vitro maturation of donkey (equus asinus) oocytes and their development after parthenogenetic activation. the basal medium for medium 1 (m1) and medium 2 (m2) was m199 and dmem/f12 respectively, whereas, medium 3 (m3) consisted of equal parts (v/v) of m199 and dmem/f12. all three media were supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal calf serum, 0.01 units/ml porcine fsh, 0.01 units/ml equine lh, 200 ng/ml insulin-like growth factor 1(igf-i), 10 μ ...201121601263
ammonia control in children with urea cycle disorders (ucds); phase 2 comparison of sodium phenylbutyrate and glycerol phenylbutyrate.twenty four hour ammonia profiles and correlates of drug effect were examined in a phase 2 comparison of sodium phenylbutyrate (napba) and glycerol phenylbutyrate (gpb or hpn-100), an investigational drug being developed for urea cycle disorders (ucds). study design: protocol hpn-100-005 involved open label fixed-sequence switch-over from the prescribed napba dose to a pba-equimolar gpb dose with controlled diet. after 7days on napba or gpb, subjects underwent 24-hour blood sampling for ammonia ...201121612962
specificity and selectivity profile of ep217609: a new, neutralizable, dual-action anticoagulant that targets thrombin and factor xa.abstract: ep217609 is a new dual-action parenteral anticoagulant that combines an indirect factor xa inhibitor (fondaparinux analogue) and a direct thrombin inhibitor (α-napap analogue) in a single molecule together with a biotin tag to allow avidin neutralization. ep217609 exhibits an unprecedented pharmacologic profile in showing high bioavailability, long plasma half-life and potent antithrombotic activity in animals without the complications of thrombin rebound. here we report the exceptiona ...201122144183
Large platelet aggregates in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the pancreas and peripancreatic region: A clue for the diagnosis of intrapancreatic or accessory spleen.Intrapancreatic and intraabdominal accessory spleens (IPIASs) are rarely encountered in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) biopsies. However, as incidentally discovered IPIAS can mimic a benign or malignant pancreatic neoplasm on imaging studies, a definitive diagnosis made by EUS-FNA can avert an unnecessary surgical intervention or additional radiologic follow-up. We report five cases of intrapancreatic splenules and one case of accessory spleen (AS) in which a defin ...201122045629
[kawasaki disease in children and adolescents].kawasaki disease (kd) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. the diagnostic criteria are fulfilled with fever of unknown origin and 4 of the following 5 criteria: bilateral conjunctival injection, cervical lymphadenopathy, polymorphous rash, oral mucous membrane changes (injected lips, strawberry tongue) and peripheral extremity changes (erythema, edema, desquamation). if less than 4 criteria are found incomplete kd can be diagnosed. the therapy is 2 g/kg body weight single dose intraveno ...201122139203
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