Publications

laboratory and field studies with 32p labeled toxorhynchites rutilus rutilus.	females and eggs of toxorhynchites r. rutilus were labeled with 32p by feeding fourth-stage larvae 32p labeled aedes aegypti larvae. eggs from females up to 3 weeks in age had detectable levels of radioactivity and individual eggs contained ca. 0.3% of the mother's total radioactivity. comparisons of labeled and unlabeled females in indoor and outdoor cage tests indicated that survival and fecundity of the 2 groups were approximately equal. no differences were noted for dispersal and fecundity o ...	1986	3507524
the effects of plagiorchis noblei metacercariae on the development and survival of aedes aegypti larvae in the laboratory.	plagiorchis noblei infections impair the survival and development of fourth instar aedes aegypti larvae. mortality during the larval and pupal stages reached 92%, and 60% of the emerging adults were malformed. the metacercariae interfere with pupation and the emergence of adults. larvae and pupae that fail to transform to the next developmental stage within the normal time characteristically persist for extended periods, but invariably die without transforming. whereas 82% of the control larvae ...	1986	3806320
toxicity of pyrethroids to aedes aegypti larvae in relation to temperature.	the influence of temperature on the toxicity of the pyrethroids cypermethrin, permethrin, fenvalerate, d-phenothrin, flucythrinate and bioallethrin to 3rd instar aedes aegypti larvae was determined. based on lc50 levels, the toxicities of all pyrethroids were in the range of 1.33- to 3.63-fold greater at 20 degrees c than at 30 degrees c. our laboratory results suggest that for larval control of ae. aegypti, field performance of these pyrethroids may be reduced at warmer temperatures.	1986	3507510
effect of three pyrethroids on blood feeding and fecundity of aedes aegypti.	caged aedes aegypti were exposed to a range of concentrations of d-phenothrin, d-allethrin and tetramethrin in a wind tunnel. mortality, blood engorgement and egg production among these mosquitoes and their progeny were recorded. tetramethrin was the most effective (lc50 of 0.0017%), followed by d-phenothrin (lc50 0.0031%) and d-allethrin (lc50 0.01%). blood engorgement was decreased by treatment with each pyrethroid at the high concentration (0.002%, 0.003% and 0.01% respectively). treatment wi ...	1986	3507504
a laboratory study of cyromazine on aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus and its activity on selected predators of mosquito larvae.	in a laboratory study, the insect growth regulator, cyromazine, exerted a high level of biological activity on aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus treated in the 4th larval instar. at 1.5 and 1.0 ppm this igr produced 97 and 99% inhibition of emergence in adult ae. aegypti, respectively. in cx. quinquefasciatus, there was 99% inhibition at 1 ppm and complete inhibition at 1.5 ppm. the overall pupal mortality was higher than larval or adult stages of both species. this material induced diffe ...	1986	3507502
ultrastructural organization of spermatocysts in the testes of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).		1986	3735341
differences between the nutritional reserves of laboratory-maintained and field-collected adult mosquitoes.	individual female mosquitoes from field populations of aedes aegypti, culex nigripalpus and coquillettidia perturbans were analyzed for sugar, glycogen and lipids. controls were maintained in the laboratory for 7 to 10 days on 2% and either 10 or 20% sucrose. mosquitoes held in the laboratory had significantly more glycogen and lipid than field-collected mosquitoes of the same species. laboratory mosquitoes maintained on 10 or 20% sucrose contained more sugar than did field mosquitoes. mosquitoe ...	1986	2906967
determination and significance of suspended protein in wastewater.	a simple method is presented to measure the nutrient load of wastewater. suspended particles, including microorganisms, are collected on a membrane filter by vacuum filtration, followed by colorimetric protein assay. soluble proteins can be determined in the filtrate by precipitation. in domestic sewage and agricultural dairy wastewater, the largest portion of protein was retained on the membrane. young larvae of culex nigripalpus, cx. quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti pupated when maintained i ...	1986	2906966
in-vivo staining of aedes vigilax, aedes aegypti and culex annulirostris larvae with giemsa and other vital dyes.	of 11 stains tested in the laboratory with larval aedes aegypti, giemsa at dosages of 6 mg/liter for 24 hr and 21 mg/liter for 3 hr proved most satisfactory for in-vivo staining. at these rates, giemsa caused some mortality especially in first instars of ae. vigilax, ae. aegypti and culex annulirostris but effectively was retained in all adults examined up to 3 days posteclosion. the method was deemed satisfactory for investigations of larval movement of ae. vigilax, cx. sitiens and ae. alternan ...	1986	2466952
chromosome banding homologies in three species of aedes (stegomyia).	the chromosome complements of the mosquitoes aedes aegypti, aedes mascarensis, and aedes albopictus, belonging to the subgenus stegomyia, gave a uniform response to the q-, h-, and r-banding techniques. of the three homomorphic chromosome pairs, only the shortest or sex pair (i) showed a consistent banding pattern. in the three species, a bright yellow intercalary band was present on one arm of both chromosomes of the sex pair after heat treatment and staining with acridine orange. the rest of t ...	1986	2424581
peptide nature of two mosquito natriuretic factors.	high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) of saline extracts of aedes aegypti heads yields three fractions (from a total of 108) that affect transepithelial voltage and/or fluid secretion in isolated aedes malpighian tubules. in this study we investigated the physical and chemical nature of the active materials in these fractions. gel-filtration chromatography revealed that the molecular weights of the three fractions were between 1,900 and 2,700. to test their thermostability the fractions wer ...	1986	3953844
the effects of larval density, temperature and ph on the culture growth and infectivity of saprolegnian sp. zoospores to aedes aegypti larvae at various instars in the laboratory.		1986	3759180
aedes aegypti larvae in portsmouth, rhode island.		1986	3507481
the size of emerging and host-seeking aedes aegypti and the relation of size to blood-feeding success in the field.	the average wing length of aedes aegypti females collected as pupae was 2.47 mm, which was significantly smaller than the 2.64 mm average wing length of the host-seeking females collected in the field. the average wing length of nulliparous host-seeking females was 2.62 mm, which was significantly smaller than the 2.76 mm wing length of parous host-seeking females. thus, small ae. aegypti females exhibited reduced blood-feeding success and, most likely, reduced survival when compared with large ...	1986	3507471
evaluation of two new insect growth regulators against mosquitoes in the laboratory.	biological activity of two new igrs was studied under laboratory conditions against 2nd- and 4th-instar larvae and pupae of anopheles quadrimaculatus, aedes aegypti and culex tarsalis. the igr s-21149, an oxime [0-(2-(4'-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl propionaldoxime], produced an overall mortality or inhibition of emergence of 95% (when 4th instar treated) at 0.0047, 0.0013 and 0.00041 mg/liter in the three species, respectively. the ei95 values for the second igr s-31183, a pyridine compound, [1-(4'-phe ...	1986	2906962
efficacy of arosurf--a monomolecular surface film, in controlling culex quinquefasciatus say, anopheles stephensi liston & aedes aegypti (l).		1986	2874113
the 1982 emergency ultralow volume spray campaign against aedes aegypti adults in paramaribo, suriname.		1986	3801746
changes in ribonuclease activity during development of the mosquito, aedes aegypti.	in the mosquito aedes aegypti, quantitative and qualitative changes have been detected in ribonuclease activity during development. ribonuclease activity is particularly high in extracts from larvae, relative to that in extracts from pupae or adults. larval extract is enriched for a ribonuclease that is heat-labile, has an alkaline ph optimum, and is extremely sensitive to the divalent cation, manganese. extract from adult females is enriched for a heat-stable component that has an acidic ph opt ...	1986	3743028
mosquito trypsin: immunocytochemical localization in the midgut of blood-fed aedes aegypti (l.).	a polyclonal antibody was raised against trypsin purified from the midgut of blood-fed aedes aegypti. using this antibody and our modification of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical reaction, strong activity was found in the lumen of the midgut at the light-microscopical level. the activity was localized mainly in the posterior part of the distensible, abdominal midgut, along the periphery of the blood bolus and within the peritrophic membrane. immunoreactivity appeared 8 h after th ...	1986	3524850
[new and unusual locations of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti, linné 1762 (diptera, culicidae) in madagascar].	the author situates and comments three new aedes aegypti's locations in madagascar; one of which is in the international tananarive's airport's control area.	1986	3802312
surface changes on brugia pahangi microfilariae and their association with immune evasion in aedes aegypti.		1987	3794383
expression in escherichia coli of a cloned crystal protein gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis.	a ca. 10-kilobase (kb) hindiii fragment of plasmid dna from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was cloned into plasmid puc9 and transformed into escherichia coli. extracts of the recombinant strain contained a 27-kilodalton (kda) peptide that reacted with antibodies to a 27-kda peptide isolated from crystals produced by b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. extracts of the recombinant strain were hemolytic and toxic to aedes aegypti larvae. full expression of the 27-kda peptide required th ...	1987	3546262
[are sugars always necessary for the infection of mosquitoes with malarial plasmodia?].	the possibility of the completion of the sporogony cycle of plasmodium gallinaceum in aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which were not given preliminary carbohydrate feeding, is considered. the significance of the obtained data for tracing the connection between the type of feeding of arthropods and their ability to be specific vectors of agents of transmissible infections is discussed.	1987	3574981
potential for organophosphate resistance in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in the caribbean area and neighboring countries.		1987	3585923
a study on susceptibility of indonesia colonies of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes to experimental infection with dengue type 3 and chikungunya viruses.		1987	3586577
association of chlamydia trachomatis with mammalian and cultured insect cells lacking putative chlamydial receptors.	the association of radiolabelled chlamydia trachomatis (strains dk-20 and 434) with cultured cell monolayers has been examined. previously, n-acetyl neuraminic acid and n-acetyl-glucosamine had been suggested to be involved in the association of certain strains of c. trachomatis with cultured cell monolayers. we have now studied the association of non-lgv (dk-20) and lgv (434) strains of c. trachomatis with cultured cells lacking these putative receptor components. comparison of the association ...	1987	3507553
[the aedes aegypti problem in brazil].		1987	3507740
properties of a ribonuclease from aedes aegypti larvae.	1. the properties of a soluble ribonuclease from aedes aegypti larvae have been compared with ribonuclease activity in adult female tissue. 2. in larval extracts ribonuclease activity was maximal at 40-45 degrees c whereas activity in tissue from adult females was highest at 50 degrees c. 3. ribonuclease activity that was recovered in a 20-60% ammonium sulfate precipitate was further purified by batch elution from deae-sephacel and from carboxymethylcellulose. 4. ribonuclease activity in the par ...	1987	3427905
aedes aegypti and yellow fever virus: the effect of chloroquine on infection and transmission rates.		1987	3445296
overproduction of detoxifying esterases in organophosphate-resistant culex mosquitoes and their presence in other insects.	antisera raised against the denatured polypeptide of two organophosphate-detoxifying esterases (b1 and a1) of culex mosquitoes were used in an immunoblot method to quantify esterase production in resistant versus susceptible strains and to detect the presence of immunologically related proteins in other insects. it was demonstrated that esterase b1 of culex quinquefasciatus and esterase a1 of culex pipiens are overproduced in resistant strains by factors of at least 500-fold and 70-fold, respect ...	1987	3470782
control of aedes aegypti larvae in household water containers by chinese cat fish.	in 1980-81 an outbreak of dengue fever occurred in guangdong province and in guangxi-zhuang autonomous region in the central-southern part of china. subsequently, a nationwide survey indicated that the vector of the disease, aedes aegypti, was confined to the coastal strip of guangdong and guangxi-zhuang. since the first case in the outbreak occurred in guangxi-zhuang, a community-based programme to control a. aegypti was set up in eight fishing villages of this region where the mosquito was bre ...	1987	3500803
increased yellow fever virus infection and dissemination rates in aedes aegypti mosquitoes orally exposed to freshly grown virus.		1987	3503398
a behavioral mechanism for resting site selection by pupae in three mosquito species.	pupae of aedes aegypti, ae. triseriatus and culex restuans dive less frequently when resting in a concave meniscus than when resting in open water. they also tend to terminate diving after contacting submerged vertical surfaces, increasing their chances of surfacing in a concave meniscus. as a result pupae tend to rest in concave menisci associated with emergent vertical surfaces, a behavioral adaptation by which they probably conserve energy and avoid predation.	1987	3504897
strategies for the emergency control of arboviral epidemics in new orleans.	a study was initiated to evaluate the effectiveness of aerial ulv spraying for the control of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus as an emergency antiepidemic measure against dengue fever and st. louis encephalitis, respectively. malathion was aerially applied at 219 ml/ha over 344 ha area of the ninth ward in new orleans. laboratory susceptibility tests and field-cage exposures indicated that the target populations were susceptible to malathion and that acceptable coverage of the study are ...	1987	3504901
an alternative bioassay employing neonate larvae for determining the toxicity of suspended particles to mosquitoes.	an alternative bioassay using neonate larvae of aedes aegypti is described for determining the toxicity of suspended particles, particularly insecticidal bacteria, to mosquitoes. this new assay is comparable in precision to the 4th instar bioassay recommended by the world health organization, but is quicker and requires much less space. values obtained using neonate larvae as the test insect showed less variation within and between replicates in regard to lc50 and slope of the regression line, a ...	1987	3504908
variation in the vector competence of geographic strains of aedes albopictus for dengue 1 virus.	eight geographic strains of aedes albopictus from asia and north america and one north american strain of aedes aegypti were tested for their vector competence with dengue 1 virus. three groups of ae. albopictus were established based on their vector competence: a) the oahu laboratory strain, b) the three malaysian strains, and c) the tokyo and three north american strains. the three north american strains were similar to the strain of ae. aegypti from houston, texas in their ability to transmit ...	1987	3504922
development of brugia malayi and dirofilaria immitis in aedes aegypti: effect of the host's nutrition.	the purpose of the study was to establish the importance of single and multiple blood meals taken by a vector in the development of larval filariae, dwelling in tissues other than the fat body. the black eye strain of aedes aegypti was used as experimental vector for brugia malayi and dirofilaria immitis, filariae species which develop in the flight muscles and malphighian tubules respectively. under similar conditions, both filariae species molted for the first time on the 6th day and a second ...	1987	3602836
increased dissemination of dengue 2 virus in aedes aegypti associated with concurrent ingestion of microfilariae of brugia malayi.	we investigated whether concurrent ingestion of dengue 2 virus and microfilariae of brugia malayi would increase viral infection and dissemination rates in aedes aegypti. infection rates were similar in mosquitoes that ingested virus alone or both virus and microfilariae concurrently. however, viral dissemination rates, as determined by recovery of dengue virus from both legs and bodies separately, were significantly greater in mosquitoes that ingested both agents concurrently than in those that ...	1987	3605503
purification of the mosquitocidal and cytolytic proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis.	two proteins from parasporal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography. the larger of the two proteins (molecular weight, 68,000) was not cytolytic, whereas the smaller protein (molecular weight, 28,000) was highly cytolytic when assayed against rat erythrocytes. when these proteins were assayed against larvae of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, the larger protein was at least 10 ...	1987	3606108
genetic studies on hexokinase in the mosquito aedes togoi.	hexokinases (ec 2.7.1.1) were genetically analyzed in the mosquito aedes togoi by agar gel electrophoresis. enzyme activity was observed anodally in one major banding region (hk-1) on the gel and in another faintly stained region (hk-2). a total of six bands was detected in the hk-1 region. all six bands could be detected in three body parts, head, thorax, and abdomen, of adults with different banding intensities. the third and fourth bands, numbered from the more anodal side, showed the broades ...	1987	3619882
ultrastructural midgut events in culicidae larvae fed with bacillus sphaericus 2297 spore/crystal complex.	ingestion of bacillus sphaericus 2297 spore/crystal complex by culicidae larvae anopheles stephensi, culex pipiens subsp. pipiens and aedes aegypti was rapidly followed by a dissolution of the protein crystalline inclusions inside the anterior stomach of the three species. during the first day of intoxication, b. sphaericus spores germinated within the midgut lumen, and were in a vegetative stage between 36-48 h after ingestion when the larvae began to die. ultrastructural observations focused o ...	1987	3663390
absence of transovarial transmission of chikungunya virus in aedes aegypti & ae. albopictus mosquitoes.		1987	3666861
seasonal incidence and diel patterns of oviposition in the field of the mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera:culicidae) in trinidad, west indies: a preliminary study.	diel patterns of oviposition of domestic aedes aegypti in the field in trinidad, west indies were monitored weekly for one year using standard ovitraps. during the wet season (may to november) a large, well defined peak of oviposition (comprising more than 80% of eggs laid) occurred one to two hours before sunset, and a much smaller peak (about 5% of eggs laid) occurred one to two hours after sunrise. during the dry season (december to may) a broad, poorly defined peak (about 36% of eggs laid) f ...	1987	3689024
influence of developing dirofilaria immitis on the spontaneous flight activity of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).		1987	3694634
effect of plasmodium gallinaceum infection on the mortality and body weight of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).		1987	3820241
effect of temperature on the vector efficiency of aedes aegypti for dengue 2 virus.	the effect of temperature on the ability of aedes aegypti to transmit dengue (den) 2 virus to rhesus monkeys was assessed as a possible explanation for the seasonal variation in the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in bangkok, thailand. in two laboratory experiments, a bangkok strain of ae. aegypti was allowed to feed upon viremic monkeys infected with den-2 virus. blood-engorged mosquitoes were separated into two groups and retained at constant temperatures. virus infection and transmissio ...	1987	3812879
efficacy of czechoslovak and soviet bacillus thuringiensis (serotype h-14) formulations against mosquito larvae.	laboratory and field comparisons were made with two wettable powder formulations of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 (b. t. h-14) prepared in czechoslovakia ("moskitur") and the ussr ("baktokulicid"). expressed in the international aedes aegypti toxic units (tu x mg-1) the potency of these two test formulations was greater than that of the institute pasteur standard ips-78 (= 1,000 tu x mg-1), i.e. moskitur had a potency of about 1,500 tu x mg-1 and the soviet baktokulicid 2,000 tu x mg-1. t ...	1987	2883232
immunoelectron microscopic demonstration of pancreatic polypeptide in midgut epithelium of hematophagous dipterans.	midguts of mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi, and of the tsetse fly, glossina morsitans morsitans, as well as guinea pig pancreas, were prepared for electron microscopy by using low-temperature embedding in lowicryl k4m. rabbit antiserum to bovine pancreatic polypeptide (pp) crossreacted with secretory granules of pancreatic pp-producing cells and of the clear cells in mosquito gut. rabbit antiserum to human somatostatin crossreacted with the control tissue, guinea pig pancreas d ...	1987	2885369
proteolysis in the gut of mosquito larvae results in further activation of the bacillus sphaericus toxin.	gut proteases from the larvae of the mosquito culex pipiens convert the 43-kilodalton (kda) toxin from bacillus sphaericus 2362 to a 40-kda peptide. the 50% lethal concentration of this peptide for tissue culture-grown cells of culex quinquefasciatus was 1.0 microgram/ml (as determined by the intracellular atp assay), 54-fold less than that of the 43-kda peptide. gut proteases from anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti, as well as bovine pancreatic trypsin, also converted the 43-kda protein to a 4 ...	1987	2886104
cloning and expression of 130-kd mosquito-larvicidal delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis in escherichia coli.	five recombinant e. coli clones exhibiting toxicity to aedes aegypti larvae were obtained from a library of 800 clones containing xbai dna fragments of 110 kb plasmid from b. thuringiensis var. israelensis. all the five clones (pmu 14/258/303/388/679) had the same 3.8-kb insert and encoded a major protein of 130 kda which was highly toxic to a. aegypti larvae. three clones (pmu 258/303/388) transcribed the 130 kd a gene in the same direction as that of lac z promoter of puc12 vector whereas the ...	1987	2890080
use of enzyme immunoassay and nucleic acid hybridization for detecting sindbis virus in infected mosquitoes.	aedes aegypti mosquitoes were inoculated intrathoracically with prototype sindbis virus, held at 26.7 degrees c for from 0-95 h and placed at -70 degrees c. individual mosquitoes were tested for virus by plaque assay in vero cells, for viral rna by nucleic acid hybridization using a cloned cdna probe, and for viral protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. virus was detected by plaque assay as early as 8 h after infection. sindbis virus rna was detected by nucleic acid hybridization 18 h aft ...	1987	2890652
the effectiveness of mosquito coils containing esbiothrin under laboratory and field conditions.	tests were made to correlate the chemical content of mosquito coils with the knockdown and bite-inhibitory action of the smoke in the laboratory and with the protective effect in field use. smoke from a blank coil, containing no pyrethroid, gave no knockdown, 10% inhibition of biting in the laboratory using aedes aegypti, and 39% protection in field tests in village huts on the kenyan coast with a mixed population of mosquitoes including 71% anopheles gambiae. coils containing low experimental c ...	1987	2891344
evaluation of some adhesives for collecting musca domestica and chrysomya megacephala adults or mosquito larvae in sticky traps.	1. seven types of water-insoluble adhesives were evaluated in sticky traps for collecting adults of musca domestica l. and chrysomya megacephala (fabricius) or mosquito larvae (aedes aegypti (l.) and culex quinquefasciatus say). 2. adhesive viscosity affected the tackiness of the glues and this determined their trapping efficiency in air or water. 3. from the 'hyvis' range of adhesives tested, 'hyvis 200' was most effective for trapping adult flies. 4. with 24 h exposure to fourth instar ae.aegy ...	1987	2979541
vector competence of aedes albopictus from houston, texas, for dengue serotypes 1 to 4, yellow fever and ross river viruses.	a combination of virus infection and transmission experiments showed that a houston, texas strain of aedes albopictus is a competent vector for dengue (den), yellow fever (yf) and ross river (rr) viruses. however, at 14 days incubation, den virus infection rates in a puerto rican strain of aedes aegypti were significantly higher for each of the four den serotypes, except den-1, than in houston ae. albopictus fed simultaneously on the same virus suspensions. the degree of correlation between diss ...	1987	2849638
induction of salivation in biting midges and mosquitoes, and demonstration of virus in the saliva of infected insects.	culicoides biting midges and aedes aegypti (linnaeus) mosquitoes were induced to salivate by the topical application of pilocarpine, neostigmine, malathion and dimethoate; of these, malathion was the most effective. drops of saliva produced by virus-infected midges and mosquitoes were shown to contain virus. the method could be used to demonstrate transmission in insects infected with a variety of pathogens.	1987	2856508
analysis of the molecular basis of insecticidal specificity of bacillus thuringiensis crystal delta-endotoxin.	the mechanism of action and receptor binding of a dual-specificity bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai icl delta-endotoxin was studied using insect cell culture. the native protoxin was labelled with 125i, proteolytically activated and the affinity of the resulting preparations for insect cell-membrane proteins was studied by blotting. the active preparations obtained by various treatments had characteristic specificity associated with unique polypeptides, and showed affinity for different membr ...	1987	2829819
mechanical transmission of bacillus anthracis by stable flies (stomoxys calcitrans) and mosquitoes (aedes aegypti and aedes taeniorhynchus).	we evaluated the potential of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans, and two species of mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and aedes taeniorhynchus, to transmit bacillus anthracis vollum 1b mechanically. after probing on hartley guinea pigs with a bacteremia of ca. 10(8.6) cfu of b. anthracis per ml of blood, individual or pools of two to four stable flies or mosquitoes were allowed to continue feeding on either uninfected guinea pigs or a/j mice. all three insect species transmitted lethal anthrax infection ...	1987	3112013
complement effects of the infectivity of plasmodium gallinaceum to aedes aegypti mosquitoes. ii. changes in sensitivity to complement-like factors during zygote development.	during transformation into ookinetes, the zygotes of plasmodium gallinaceum are initially resistant to lysis by heat-labile and edta-sensitive factors in the serum of their natural host, the chicken. between 6 and 8 hr postgametogenesis, zygotes cultured in vitro lose their resistance to these factors. loss of resistance to these factors in vitro is reflected by loss of infectivity of the zygotes to aedes aegypti mosquitoes in the presence of native chicken serum. these factors are probably comp ...	1987	3116195
dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in the americas.	there has been a constant increase in the incidence of dengue in the americas over the past 15 years. this has been caused by increased frequency of epidemic activity in most countries, as a result of increased numbers of virus serotypes circulating in the region. the change in disease ecology has resulted in the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (dhf/dss) in the region, first with a major epidemic in cuba, followed by increased occurrence of sporadic cases of dhf/dss i ...	1987	3313490
dengue in puerto rico: clinical manifestations and management from 1960's to 1987.	dengue is a viral disease transmitted by the aedes aegypti mosquito. it is endemic in puerto rico and the caribbean with periodic epidemics occurring at varying intervals. there are three dengue serotypes present in puerto rico, at the present time. the clinical manifestations of dengue in puerto rico are presented from a historical perspective. dengue in puerto rico has evolved from a clinically mild illness in the 1960's to a devastating disease with hemorrhagic manifestations in the 1980's an ...	1987	3313491
dengue haemorrhagic fever in malaysia: a review.	the historical background, epidemiology and changing pattern of clinical disease as seen in malaysia is reviewed. the preliminary results of the longitudinal study of epidemiology of dengue in malaysia is also presented. studies led by rudnick et al. over some 18 years have established that the disease is endemically transmitted by both aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus causing illnesses ranging from mild febrile episodes through classical dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever and the dengue ...	1987	3324361
characterization of the toxicity and cytopathic specificity of a cloned bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein using insect cell culture.	an insecticidal protein gene from bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai was cloned in escherichia coli. the cloned gene expressed at a high level and the synthesized protein appeared as an insoluble, phase-bright inclusion in the cytoplasm. these inclusions were isolated by density gradient centrifugation, the isolated protein was activated in vitro by different proteolytic regimes and the toxicity of the resulting preparations was studied using insect cells grown in tissue culture. the inclusions ...	1987	3330756
the glycoprotein toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis indicates a lectinlike receptor in the larval mosquito gut.	the mosquito-active protein crystals produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis contain covalently attached aminosugars which are critical for their larvicidal activity. the 50% lethal concentrations toward aedes aegypti larvae were increased up to 10-fold by mild periodate treatment, up to 40-fold by forming the protein crystals in the presence of tunicamycin, and up to 7-fold by the presence during the mosquito bioassays of n-acetylglucosamine or its trimer, triacetylchitotriose. pe ...	1987	2827571
susceptibility & transmissibility of aedes aegypti to four strains of chikungunya virus.		1987	2828232
microcarriers as a culturing system of insect cells and insect viruses.	there is an increasing interest in culturing of insect cells, which are host for arthropod-born (arbo) viruses. the potential applications of arbo viruses are in the following two main fields: 1. medical applications (e.g. preparation of viral vaccines and viral antigens for diagnostic purposes). 2. as bioinsecticides in pest control in horticulture, agriculture and forestry. one of the potential cell substrates for these applications is an anchorage-dependent-mosquito cell line established from ...	1987	2438174
experimental assessment of bedbugs (cimex lectularius and cimex hemipterus) and mosquitoes (aedes aegypti formosus) as vectors of human immunodeficiency virus.	in vitro experiments were conducted to assess whether bedbugs (cimex lectularius and cimex hemipterus) and mosquitoes (aedes aegypti formosus) could act as vectors of hiv. these insects engorged through a membrane on a blood-virus mixture. female bedbugs were larger than males and took larger blood-meals when fed to repletion. it was determined that the full blood-meal of a female bedbug contained 0.09 x 10(5) tissue culture infectious doses (tcid) of virus and a male 0.07 x 10(5) tcid, while pa ...	1987	2450552
1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), a mosquito feeding and ovipositional repellent from volatile oil ofhemizonia fitchii (asteraceae).	the mosquito feeding and ovipositional repellency of the major monoterpenoid present in the volatile oil ofhemizonia fitchii (asteraceae), i.e., 1,8-cineole, was investigated. although 1,8-cineole did not exhibit any significant mosquito larvicidal activity, it was moderately effective as a feeding repellent and highly effective as an ovipositional repellent against adultaedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito). the ovipositional repellency of 1,8-cineole, coupled with the presence of severalhemizo ...	1987	24301652
factors affecting the acquisition of plagiorchis noblei (trematoda: plagiorchiidae) metacercariae by larvae and pupae of aedes aegypti in the laboratory.	when exposed to concentrations of less than one plagiorchis noblei cercariae per cc of water, the acquisition of metacercariae by aedes aegypti larvae increased significantly with each successive instar but declined precipitously upon pupation. thus, 1st instar larvae acquired no metacercariae, whereas 4th instars had a mean abundance of 6.15: pupae only acquired a mean of 0.62 parasites. parasite acquisition was largely a function of host size and activity. other factors, such as grooming and f ...	1987	3504947
hormone-controlled camp-mediated fluid secretion in yellow-fever mosquito.	evidence is presented for hormone-controlled adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (camp)-mediated nacl diuresis in malpighian tubules of the blood-feeding yellow-fever mosquito aedes aegypti. studies in isolated malpighian tubules reveal that camp added to the peritubular bath selectively stimulates nacl secretion and not kcl secretion by increasing the na conductance of the basolateral membrane of primary cells. these effects are duplicated by forskolin and theophylline in parallel with increas ...	1987	2825546
life cycle and mode of infection of leptolegnia chapmanii (oomycetes) parasitizing aedes aegypti.		1987	3624894
the origin and movement of gas during adult emergence in aedes aegypti: an hypothesis.	several events which precede adult emergence in aedes aegypti were studied, including changes in buoyancy, changes visible through the pupal cuticle and changes at the foregut-midgut junction. our data suggest tht the gas which is present in the posterior midgut at the time of emergence originates in the tracheal system. during the process of emergence this gas moves into the exuvial space through the adult spiracles and then follows the exuvial fluid into the alimentary canal.	1987	3504927
linkage relationships between a low-mobility esterase locus and group i markers in larvae of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).		1987	3625727
susceptibility of aedes aegypti and anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae to infection with the cercariae of plagiorchis noblei (trematoda: plagiorchiidae).	the impact of interspecific behavioral differences on the relative susceptibility of third instar aedes aegypti and anopheles quadrimaculatus larvae to infection with cercariae of plagiorchis noblei was determined. when permitted to move freely in a column of water, larvae of ae. aegypti were significantly more susceptible to infection with the parasite than were an. quadrimaculatus larvae. this difference is ascribed to the significantly greater activity of ae. aegypti larvae in the water colum ...	1987	3504909
ribosome metabolism during the vitellogenic cycle of the mosquito, aedes aegypti.	ribosome accumulation and synthesis in the fat body of the mosquito aedes aegypti increased by approx. 4-fold during 18 h after the blood meal, consistent with the pattern of total rna accumulation during the synthetic phase of the vitellogenic cycle. by 24-30 h after the blood meal, the accumulated ribosomes began to be degraded, and the total rna content in the fat body eventually returned to previtellogenic levels. a method has been developed for isolation of ribosomal subunits from fat body, ...	1987	3567223
the genetic basis of resistance and sensitivity to the meiotic drive gene d in the mosquito aedes aegypti l.	a study has been made on the genetic basis of meiotic drive at the distorter (d) locus which, in coupling with the male-determining gene (or region) m on the y chromosome, causes production of excess male progeny. its effect is regulated by the sensitivity/resistance of the x chromosome. this study demonstrates that there are two major loci controlling resistance/sensitivity to md: (1) the m gene (or region) on the x chromosome (allelic with m) which may be either mr or ms (resistant or sensitiv ...	1987	3505880
the impact of sequential ultra-low volume ground aerosol applications of malathion on the population dynamics of aedes aegypti (l.).	the efficacy of sequential, ultra-low volume ground aerosol applications of malathion at current u.s. label rates was evaluated as an emergency control measure for adult populations of aedes aegypti (l.) in new orleans, louisiana. replicates of 11 sequential aerosol treatments applied 12 hr apart during a 5.5-day period reduced mean adult captures and oviposition rates during the treatment period 73% and 75%, respectively. we hypothesize that oviposition was not completely suppressed because fem ...	1987	3578659
inheritance of ddt dehydrochlorination and of a mechanism restricting uptake of ddt in the mosquito aedes aegypti.	crosses and backcrosses were made between the t8 dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) resistant strain and ns susceptible strain. each generation was tested for resistance, for internal levels of ddt and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (dde) (thus "ddt uptake" (ddt + dde) and percentage ddt dehydrochlorination in vivo), and for ddt dehydrochlorination in vitro, both at the larval and adult stages. the patterns of inheritance of uptake and dehydrochlorination were different. at both life stages ...	1987	3582976
laboratory study on the mosquito larvicidal properties of leaf and seed extract of the plant agave americana.	experiments on the leaf extract tested against three mosquito species led to 100% mortality of stage 4 anopheles, aedes and culex larvae at a concentration of 0.08% within 24-48 h, whereas 100% mortality of stage 1 larvae occurred at lower concentrations: 0.0032% for aedes aegypti, 0.016% for culex quinquefasciatus and 0.08% for anopheles stephensi, and was more rapid. at the end of 24 h, the highest dilution of the seed extract studied (1:200) produces a larval mortality of 100% for anopheles a ...	1987	2882030
multiple forms of cerebral peptides with steroidogenic functions in pupal and adult brains of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	in the adult mosquito, aedes aegypti, the cerebral egg development neurosecretory hormone (ednh) regulates reproduction by activating the ovaries to synthesize the steroid hormone ecdysone, while during postembryonic development the cerebral prothoracicotropic hormone (ptth) activates the prothoracic glands to synthesize ecdysone. in each case, ecdysone than drives stage-specific physiological processes. since ednh and ptth share a common steroidogenic function, it is conceivable that they are s ...	1987	3582726
attractancy and species specificity of 6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide, a mosquito oviposition attractant pheromone.	four stereoisomers of 6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide, a mosquito oviposition attractant pheromone, were bioassayed for their activity on mosquitoes. only (-)-(5r,6s) isomer was active in attractingculex quinquefasciatus say females for oviposition at dosages of 0.5 μg/100 ml water and above with the floating-cap method. the activity of this isomer increased 50-fold when it was applied directly to the water surface. the other three isomers, (+)-(5s,6r), (+)-(5r,6r), and (-)-(5s, 6s), were not active. ...	1987	24301804
histochemical studies of uric acid in some insects. 2. uric acid and polyphenols in the fat body.	it is recalled that in the larva of aedes aegypti, starved after a rich protein diet, uric acid is formed and accumulates in the fat body, not as solid spheres but in high concentration in aqueous vacuoles. in the mature larva of celliphora vicina which has finished feeding and is settling down to form the puparium, the fat body at first contains no argentaffin deposits. during the following 2 or 3 days, argentaffin material appears in the form of amber or brown vesicles and black granules of al ...	1987	18620191
the vitellogenin gene family of aedes aegypti.	we have been interested in identifying genes that play a role in reproduction of the mosquito aedes aegypti. our interests are currently focused on the vitellogenin genes which in the mosquito are expressed only in the fat body in response to the insect steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone. four of the five vitellogenin genes in the genome have been cloned. we have examined the relationships between these genes and find that they form a small gene family exhibiting different levels of relationshi ...	1987	3509110
monoclonal antibodies as probes for processing of the mosquito yolk protein; a high-resolution immunolocalization of secretory and accumulative pathways.	a library of monoclonal antibodies (mab) directed against yolk polypeptides of the mosquito aedes aegypti was utilized to visualize the secretory pathway of these polypeptides in the fat body and their accumulative pathway in developing oocytes. single and double immunolabelling using mabs and colloidal gold of different sizes confirmed biochemical observation that 200 +/- 5 and 65 +/- 3 kda polypeptides represent subunits of the yolk protein. this immunocytochemical analysis showed that, in tro ...	1987	3307021
heterochromatin diversity and cyclic responses to selective silver staining in aedes aegypti (l.).	in interphase cells of aedes aegypti (l.) (2n = 4+ xx/xy), only the nucleolus responded to selective silver staining. the secondary constriction on chromosome 3 remained unresponsive at all times but the six centromeres were identified throughout mitosis from early prophase as well as those stages of meiosis subsequent to diplotene. the centromeric blocks were not synonymous with the pericentric heterochromatin revealed by c-banding. x chromosomes without an intercalary c-band were newly discove ...	1987	2438099
studies on bioassay of the entomopathogenic hyphomycete fungus tolypocladium cylindrosporum in mosquitoes.	larvae of aedes aegypti, ae. vexans and culiseta inornata were used to study the pathogenicity of the hyphomycete fungus tolypocladium cylindrosporum. experiments consisted of continuous exposure of second-instar larvae to 5 concentrations of conidia at 10, 15, 20 and 25 degrees c. the 3 test species were susceptible at all temperatures tested. there was generally a direct relationship between dosage and pathogenicity in the host population, however linear relationships between probit mortality ...	1987	2904966
brugia malayi microfilariae share epitopes with aedes aegypti.	shared antigens between brugia malayi and aedes aegypti were studied. the experiments carried out with sera from infected mastomys natalensis indicated that an immunological response against a. aegypti antigens (mr 185, 35, 32 kda) appeared often when animals became microfilaraemic and increased progressively in intensity during the time-course of infection. sera of animals immunized with b. malayi reacted with the crude extract of mosquitoes and conversely, antibodies from animals immunized wit ...	1988	2462205
cloning and expression of two homologous genes of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis which encode 130-kilodalton mosquitocidal proteins.	two homologous genes encoding 130-kilodalton (kda) mosquitocidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis have been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli or bacillus subtilis or both. one of these genes, ppc130, was expressed as a lacz transcriptional fusion in e. coli at a level sufficient to produce phase-bright inclusions, which were purified and shown to be toxic to aedes aegypti larvae. the second gene, pch130, was expressed at a low level in recombinant e. coli cells and wa ...	1988	2828321
virological study of a dengue type 1 epidemic at rio de janeiro.	a dengue outbreak started in march, 1986 in rio de janeiro and spread very rapidly to other parts of the country. the great majority of cases presented classical dengue fever but there was one fatal case, confirmed by virus isolation. dengue type 1 strains were isolated from patients and vectors (aedes aegypti) in the area by cultivation in a. albopictus c6/36 cell line. the cytopathic effect (cpe) was studied by electron microscopy. an igm capture test (mac-elisa) was applied with clear and rep ...	1988	2593823
further characterization of refractoriness in aedes aegypti (l.) to infection by dirofilaria immitis (leidy).	factors which control the expression of the refractory or susceptible condition to infection with dirofilaria immitis in the mosquito. aedes aegypti, were investigated using three protocols. (1) microfilariae and prelarvae were injected into the hemocoel of susceptible a. aegypti. some microfilariae and prelarvae developed to the l1 larval stage but they failed to complete development to the infective stage. (2) enema of microfilariae and prelarvae from infected susceptible and refractory donor ...	1988	3366210
fmrfamide- and adipokinetic hormone-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the mosquito, aedes aegypti.	as demonstrated with immunocytochemistry, specific cells and axons in the nervous system of female aedes aegypti contain antigens immunologically related to fmrfamide (phenylalanine-methionine-arginine-phenylalanine-amide) and locust adipokinetic hormone i (akh). in the supra-esophageal ganglion, including some medial neurosecretory cells, and in all ganglia of the ventral nerve cord, there are 100-120 cells immunoreactive to a fmrfamide antiserum. the same cells cross-react with a bovine pancre ...	1988	3372750
susceptibility & transmissibility of different geographical strains of aedes aegypti mosquitoes to chikungunya virus.		1988	3397145
[the experimental pathogenic effect of spiroplasma isolated from mosquitoes on the hatching of aedes aegypti ova and the growth of larva hatched from these eggs].	the authors did study the experimental effects on aedes aegypti ova of different spiroplasma strains, isolated from mosquitoes in french savoy and in taiwan. the sp7 strain, from armigeres subalbatus (taiwan), demonstrates a true pathogenic effect on the larval evolution, without sex ratio modifications, nor bacterial transmission to the adult mosquitoes. the authors present their results and emphasize the difficult use of spiroplasmas sp.	1988	3400962
[aedes aegypti (l.): importance of its bioecology in the transmission of dengue and other arboviruses. i].	the bioecological parameters which are of special importance in the epidemiology of dengue, yellow fever, and other arboviruses are discussed. three levels are retained: the nature of aedes aegypti-man contacts, the susceptibility of the mosquito to the pathogen and multiplication of the latter, and the transmission. the trophic preferences, the density variations, the daily survival rate, the egg diapause, and man influences are the main vector-dependent ecological factors. temperature and gene ...	1988	3042180
uptake and development of wuchereria bancrofti in aedes aegypti and haitian culex quinquefasciatus that were fed on a monkey with low-density microfilaremia.	colonized mosquitoes of culex quinquefasciatus (haitian strain) and aedes aegypti (liverpool strain) were blood fed on a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas) that had been experimentally infected with the haitian strain of wuchereria bancrofti and harbored a consistently low microfilaremia (1-3 mf per 20 mm3). both species ingested more than twice the expected number of microfilariae (mf), i.e. 1.9 and 0.77 mf per mosquito, respectively. however, at 10-16 hours post ingestion only 4.2% of the mf ha ...	1988	3057592
exsheathment of microfilariae of brugia pahangi in the susceptible and refractory strains of aedes aegypti.	exsheathment of microfilariae of brugia pahangi was studied in susceptible (liverpool) and refractory (bora-bora) strains of aedes aegypti. it was found that the microfilariae tend to carry their sheaths into the haemocoel of both strains of ae. aegypti within two hours after the engorgement of mosquitoes from a rat parasitized by filariae. the percentage of sheathed microfilariae in the haemocoel then progressively decreased to 0% at eight hours and to 1% at 24 hours post-ingestion in the bora- ...	1988	3178339
toxicity of bacillus sphaericus crystal toxin to adult mosquitoes.	adult culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were killed by alkaline-solubilized bacillus sphaericus toxin when it was introduced by enema into the midgut of the insect but not when it was administered orally. adult aedes aegypti mosquitoes were not affected by the toxin.	1988	3190228
host range and selected factors influencing the mosquito larvicidal activity of the pg-14 isolate of bacillus thuringiensis var. morrisoni.	laboratory bioassay of the pg-14 isolate of bacillus thuringiensis var. morrisoni (serotype 8a:8b) against early fourth instar larvae of 8 species of mosquitoes revealed a range of susceptibilities similar to the susceptibilities of these species to bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype 14). the most susceptible species were: culex quinquefasciatus, cx. salinarius, anopheles albimanus and aedes aegypti. the least susceptible species tested was an. quadrimaculatus. separate bioassays ...	1988	3193097
effects of larval nutrition on the host-seeking behavior of adult aedes aegypti mosquitoes.	adult female aedes aegypti that were reared on a suboptimal diet as larvae were less likely to engage in host-seeking behavior than were adults derived from larvae reared on an optimal diet. a postemergence carbohydrate diet of either 1 or 10% sucrose solution did not affect this response. when the progeny of field-collected aedes vexans were reared in the laboratory, the adults were significantly larger than their parents. this indicated that the larvae of the field population were not as adequ ...	1988	3193101
method for determining settling rates of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 formulations.	a water-column apparatus is described in which settling rates of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 [b.t. (h-14)] formulations can be indirectly quantified using mortality of mosquito larvae at restricted depths as an index of b.t. (h-14) activity. to illustrate the type of data provided by this method, commercial b.t. (h-14) products (bactimos, teknar, vectobac) and experimental formulations were compared at the manufacturers' recommended rates for mosquito control. all evaluations utilized l ...	1988	3193109
evaluating ultra-low volume ground applications of malathion against aedes aegypti using landing counts in puerto rico, 1980-84.	landing counts made in a residential area in san juan, puerto rico during the 5-year period, 1980-84 indicated that malathion ulv applied by leco fog generators was not effective against aedes aegypti. of 25 applications only 6 resulted in a decrease on the first day after treatment and only one remained much less than the pretreatment count on the second and third days after treatment. daily, the number of mosquitoes landing for a 5-minute period at each of 2 stations was recorded. an ideal yea ...	1988	3193113