Publications

identification and characterization of a cathepsin l-like cysteine protease from rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus.	the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus is one of the most important ectoparasites of bovines and is responsible for the transmission of different pathogens such as babesia and anaplasma. cysteine proteases are involved in several host-tick interactions including invasion of host tissues, immune evasion, pathogen transmission, embryogenesis and blood digestion. in this study, the gene encoding r. annulatus cathepsin l-like enzyme (racl1) was cloned into ptz57r/t vector, sequenced and analyz ...	2016	26597589
cloning and molecular analysis of voraxin-α gene of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus.	to identify suitable targets for development of cross-protective tick vaccine, in silico analysis was attempted and male tick derived molecule, voraxin-α was targeted. the voraxin-α homologue of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus was cloned, sequenced and analyzed employing standard methods. the deduced amino acids sequence analysis of the 419 bp cloned voraxin-α gene of r. (b.) microplus indicated very high (94.6 %) similarity with voraxin-α of the r. appendiculatus and moderate to low identit ...	2016	27065622
genome-wide association study of tick resistance in south african nguni cattle.	ticks and tick-borne diseases are among the main causes of economic loss in the south african cattle industry through high morbidity and mortality rates. concerns of the general public regarding chemical residues may tarnish their perceptions of food safety and environmental health when the husbandry of cattle includes frequent use of acaricides to manage ticks. the primary objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers associated with host resistance to tic ...	2016	26897394
rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in the western-central region of rio grande do sul, brazil: multiresistant tick.	the aim of the present study was to assess the acaricide resistance of tick populations in the western-central region of rio grande do sul (brazil), which has not previously been reported. fifty-four cattle farms were visited and specimens of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus were collected and subjected to the adult immersion test, using nine commercial acaricides in the amidine, pyrethroid and organophosphate groups. climatic data, including monthly precipitation, were recorded. the results ...	2016	25271453
identification of immunogenic proteins from ovarian tissue and recognized in larval extracts of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, through an immunoproteomic approach.	rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites of cattle and act as vectors for disease-causing microorganisms. conventional tick control is based on the use of chemical acaricides; however, their uncontrolled use has increased tsresistant tick populations, as well as food and environmental contamination. alternative immunological tick control has shown to be partially effective. the only anti-tick vaccine commercially available at present in the world is ba ...	2016	27729251
evaluation of tea tree oil for controlling rhipicephalus microplus in dairy cows.	our research aimed to test the effects of melaleuca alternifolia oil (pure and in nanocapsules) in the control of rhipicephalus microplus in dairy cattle. for this purpose, the in vivo studies used 15 cows distributed in three different groups with the same number of animals. five cows remained untreated (group a), representing the control group; other five cows were sprayed with tto (at 5%) in its pure form (group b); and five cows were sprayed with nanocapsules of tto (at 0.75%) (group c). on ...	2016	27369577
evaluation of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) resistance to different acaricide formulations using samples from brazilian properties.	the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick is responsible for considerable economic losses in brazil, causing leather damage, weight loss and reduced milk production in cattle and results in the transmission of pathogens. currently, the main method for controlling this tick is using acaricides, but their indiscriminate use is one of the major causes of resistance dissemination. in this study, the adult immersion test (ait) was used to evaluate resistance in ticks from 28 properties located in ...	2016	27334816
evaluation of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) resistance to different acaricide formulations using samples from brazilian properties.	the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus tick is responsible for considerable economic losses in brazil, causing leather damage, weight loss and reduced milk production in cattle and results in the transmission of pathogens. currently, the main method for controlling this tick is using acaricides, but their indiscriminate use is one of the major causes of resistance dissemination. in this study, the adult immersion test (ait) was used to evaluate resistance in ticks from 28 properties located in ...	2016	27276667
cytotoxic effects of extract of acmella oleraceae (jambú) in rhipicephalus microplus females ticks.	the present study analyzed the effects of different concentrations of the hexane extract of a. oleraceae (heao) (jambú) on the germ cells of semi-engorged rhipicephalus microplus female ticks, through a morpho-histological study, evaluating the effectiveness of the extract in the genesis of the individuals. to perform this analysis, 100 semi-engorged females were divided into five groups with 20 individuals each: groups i and ii, respectively constituted by distilled water control and 50% ethano ...	2016	27271726
design of the ataq peptide and its evaluation as an immunogen to develop a rhipicephalus vaccine.	tick infestation may cause several problems including affecting domestic animal health and reducing the production of meat and milk, among others. resistance to several classes of acaricides have been reported, forcing researchers to search for alternative measures, such as vaccines against ticks, to ensure tick control while having no or at least low negative impacts on the environment and public health. however, the current commercially available vaccines in different strains of rhipicephalus ...	2016	27084468
injectable fipronil for cattle: plasma disposition and efficacy against rhipicephalus microplus.	fipronil is a phenylpyrazole class insecticide. it is widely used as an insecticide in agriculture and in the control of ectoparasites in veterinary medicine. the application of fipronil in an injectable form (subcutaneously) becomes an innovation, since there is no commercially available preparation containing fipronil herein. the present study aimed at fipronil usage, applied subcutaneously in cattle, to control rhipicephalus microplus. the assessing criteria used in the research have been the ...	2016	26995714
an integrative approach to understanding pyrethroid resistance in rhipicephalus microplus and r. decoloratus ticks.	rhipicephalus microplus and rhipicephalus decoloratus species occur in regions with savannah and temperate climates, typically in grassland and wooded areas used as cattle pasture. both species are associated with the transmission of anaplasma and babesia spp., impacting livestock health and quality of livestock-associated products. in africa, tick control is predominantly mediated with the use of acaricides, such as synthetic pyrethroids. after several years on the market, reports of resistance ...	2016	26851840
eprinomectin accumulation in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus: pharmacokinetic and efficacy assessment.	eprinomectin (epm) is a macrocyclic lactone used against endo-ectoparasites without withdrawal time in milk and meat after its pour-on administration at 0.5mg/kg. previous experiments evaluated the efficacy of epm against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in cattle. this study assessed epm efficacy against r. (b.) microplus after topical administration at two dose rates and investigated the relationship between epm systemic exposure in the host and drug concentrations accumulated in ticks reco ...	2016	26790731
a recombinant multi-antigen vaccine formulation containing babesia bovis merozoite surface antigens msa-2a1, msa-2b and msa-2c elicits invasion-inhibitory antibodies and ifn-γ producing cells.	babesia bovis is a tick-transmitted protozoan hemoparasite and the causative agent of bovine babesiosis, a potential risk to more than 500 million cattle worldwide. the vaccines currently available are based on attenuated parasites, which are difficult to produce, and are only recommended for use in bovines under one year of age. when used in older animals, these vaccines may cause life-threatening clinical symptoms and eventually death. the development of a multi-subunit recombinant vaccine aga ...	2016	27842609
secondary metabolite gene clusters in the entomopathogen fungus metarhizium anisopliae: genome identification and patterns of expression in a cuticle infection model.	the described species from the metarhizium genus are cosmopolitan fungi that infect arthropod hosts. interestingly, while some species infect a wide range of hosts (host-generalists), other species infect only a few arthropods (host-specialists). this singular evolutionary trait permits unique comparisons to determine how pathogens and virulence determinants emerge. among the several virulence determinants that have been described, secondary metabolites (sms) are suggested to play essential role ...	2016	27801295
expression of 6-cys gene superfamily defines babesia bovis sexual stage development within rhipicephalus microplus.	babesia bovis, an intra-erythrocytic tick-borne apicomplexan protozoan, is one of the causative agents of bovine babesiosis. its life cycle includes sexual reproduction within cattle fever ticks, rhipicephalus spp. six b. bovis 6-cys gene superfamily members were previously identified (a, b, c, d, e, f) where their orthologues in plasmodium parasite have been shown to encode for proteins required for the development of sexual stages. the current study identified four additional 6-cys genes (g, h ...	2016	27668751
identification of peptide mimics of a glycan epitope on the surface of parasitic nematode larvae.	phage display was used to identify peptide mimics of an immunologically protective nematode glycan (carla) by screening a constrained c7c peptide library for ligands that bound to an anti-carla mab (pab1). characterisation of these peptide mimotopes revealed functional similarities with an epitope that is defined by pab1. mimotope vaccinations of mice with three selected individual phage clones facilitated the induction of antibody responses that recognised the purified, native carla molecule wh ...	2016	27579674
unexpected activity of a novel kunitz-type inhibitor: inhibition of cysteine proteases but not serine proteases.	kunitz-type (kt) protease inhibitors are low molecular weight proteins classically defined as serine protease inhibitors. we identified a novel secreted kt inhibitor associated with the gut and parenchymal tissues of the infective juvenile stage of fasciola hepatica, a helminth parasite of medical and veterinary importance. unexpectedly, recombinant kt inhibitor (rfhkt1) exhibited no inhibitory activity toward serine proteases but was a potent inhibitor of the major secreted cathepsin l cysteine ...	2016	27422822
identification and biochemical properties of two new acetylcholinesterases in the pond wolf spider (pardosa pseudoannulata).	acetylcholinesterase (ache), an important neurotransmitter hydrolase in both invertebrates and vertebrates, is targeted by organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. in this study, two new aches were identified in the pond wolf spider pardosa pseudoannulata, an important predatory natural enemy of several insect pests. in total, four aches were found in p. pseudoannulata (including two aches previously identified in our laboratory). the new putative aches ppache3 and ppache4 contain most of th ...	2016	27337188
functional and biochemical characterization of three recombinant human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase mutants: zacatecas, vanua-lava and viangchan.	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) deficiency in humans causes severe disease, varying from mostly asymptomatic individuals to patients showing neonatal jaundice, acute hemolysis episodes or chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. in order to understand the effect of the mutations in g6pd gene function and its relation with g6pd deficiency severity, we report the construction, cloning and expression as well as the detailed kinetic and stability characterization of three purified clinical ...	2016	27213370
novel mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel of pyrethroid-resistant varroa destructor populations from the southeastern usa.	the parasitic mite varroa destructor has a significant worldwide impact on bee colony health. in the absence of control measures, parasitized colonies invariably collapse within 3 years. the synthetic pyrethroids tau-fluvalinate and flumethrin have proven very effective at managing this mite within apiaries, but intensive control programs based mainly on one active ingredient have led to many reports of pyrethroid resistance. in europe, a modification of leucine to valine at position 925 (l925v) ...	2016	27191597
mapping polyclonal antibody responses to bacterial infection using next generation phage display.	mapping polyclonal antibody responses to infectious diseases to identify individual epitopes has the potential to underpin the development of novel serological assays and vaccines. here, phage-peptide library panning coupled with screening using next generation sequencing was used to map antibody responses to bacterial infections. in the first instance, pigs experimentally infected with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium was investigated. igg samples from twelve infected pigs were probed in ...	2016	27072017
survival and immune response of the chagas vector meccus pallidipennis (hemiptera: reduviidae) against two entomopathogenic fungi, metarhizium anisopliae and isaria fumosorosea.	chagas disease is a key health problem in latin america and is caused and transmitted by trypanosoma cruzi and triatomine bugs, respectively. control of triatomines has largely relied on the use pyrethroids, which has proved to be ineffective in the long term. alternatively, the use of entomopathogenic fungi has been implemented to control triatomine bugs. these fungi are highly efficient as they induce a reduction in immune response on insects. meccus pallidipennis is the main triatomine vector ...	2016	27012246
marine natural products from new caledonia--a review.	marine micro- and macroorganisms are well known to produce metabolites with high biotechnological potential. nearly 40 years of systematic prospecting all around the new caledonia archipelago and several successive research programs have uncovered new chemical leads from benthic and planktonic organisms. after species identification, biological and/or pharmaceutical analyses are performed on marine organisms to assess their bioactivities. a total of 3582 genera, 1107 families and 9372 species ha ...	2016	26999165
neurotrophin, p75, and trk signaling module in the developing nervous system of the marine annelid platynereis dumerilii.	in vertebrates, neurotrophic signaling plays an important role in neuronal development, neural circuit formation, and neuronal plasticity, but its evolutionary origin remains obscure. we found and validated nucleotide sequences encoding putative neurotrophic ligands (neurotrophin, nt) and receptors (trk and p75) in two annelids, platynereis dumerilii (errantia) and capitella teleta (sedentaria, for which some sequences were found recently by wilson, 2009). predicted protein sequences and structu ...	2016	27069919
pfirr interacts with hrigf-i and activates the map-kinase and pi3-kinase signaling pathways to regulate glycogen metabolism in pinctada fucata.	the insulin-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k) pathways are major intracellular signaling modules and conserved among eukaryotes that are known to regulate diverse cellular processes. however, they have not been investigated in the mollusk species pinctada fucata. here, we demonstrate that insulin-related peptide receptor of p. fucata (pfirr) interacts with human recombinant insulin-like growth factor i (hrigf-i), and stimulates the mapk and ...	2016	26911653
atypical challenging and first case report of babesiosis in ecuador.	babesia is known to be prevalent in the eastern united states and other temperate countries but the prevalence of babesia is not well known in the tropical malaria-endemic countries because of the higher prevalence of malaria. a 72-year-old hispanic male from ecuador presenting with increasing left lower quadrant abdominal pain and distention for one year. he experienced nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, chill, and myalgias. he reported 9 kg weight loss over the last two months. patient moved t ...	2016	27051577
therapeutic potential of tea tree oil for scabies.	globally, scabies affects more than 130 million people at any time. in the developed world, outbreaks in health institutions and vulnerable communities result in a significant economic burden. a review of the literature demonstrates the emergence of resistance toward classical scabicidal treatments and the lack of effectiveness of currently available scabicides in reducing the inflammatory skin reactions and pyodermal progression that occurs in predisposed patient cohorts. tea tree oil (tto) has ...	2016	26787146
linkage disequilibrium, persistence of phase and effective population size estimates in hereford and braford cattle.	the existence of moderate to high levels of linkage disequilibrium (ld) between genetic markers and quantitative trait loci (qtl) affecting traits of interest is fundamental for the success of genome-wide association (gwas) and genomic selection (gs) studies. knowledge about the extent and the pattern of ld in livestock populations is essential to determine the density of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) required for accurate gwas and gs. moreover, observed ld is related to historical effec ...	2016	26832943
insects for breakfast and whales for dinner: the diet and body condition of dingoes on fraser island (k'gari).	top-predators play stabilising roles in island food webs, including fraser island, australia. subsidising generalist predators with human-sourced food could disrupt this balance, but has been proposed to improve the overall health of the island's dingo (canis lupus dingo) population, which is allegedly 'starving' or in 'poor condition'. we assess this hypothesis by describing the diet and health of dingoes on fraser island from datasets collected between 2001 and 2015. medium-sized mammals (such ...	2016	27009879
molecular detection of anaplasma spp. in pangolins (manis javanica) and wild boars (sus scrofa) in peninsular malaysia.	anaplasma spp. infects a wide variety of wildlife and domestic animals. this study describes the identification of a novel species of anaplasma (candidatus anaplasma pangolinii) from pangolins (manis javanica) and anaplasma bovis from wild boars (sus scrofa) in malaysia. based on 16s rrna gene sequences, candidatus anaplasma pangolinii is identified in a distinct branch within the family anaplasmataceae, exhibiting the closest sequence similarity with the type strains of anaplasma bovis (97.7%) ...	2016	27523941
molecular detection of rickettsia, anaplasma, coxiella and francisella bacteria in ticks collected from artiodactyla in thailand.	a total of 79 ticks collected from sambar deer (cervus unicolor), barking deer (muntiacus muntjak) and wild boar (sus scrofa) were examined by pcr for the presence of rickettsia, anaplasma, coxiella, and francisella bacteria. of the 79 ticks, 13% tested positive for rickettsia, 15% tested positive for anaplasma, 4% tested positive for coxiella, and 3% tested positive for francisella. interestingly, triple infection with anaplasma, rickettsia and francisella was determined in a dermacentor auratu ...	2016	26934997
molecular evidence of spotted fever group rickettsiae and anaplasmataceae from ticks and stray dogs in bangladesh.	emerging tick-borne diseases (tbds) are important foci for human and animal health worldwide. however, these diseases are sometimes over looked, especially in countries with limited resources to perform molecular-based surveys. the aim of this study was to detect and characterize spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae and anaplasmataceae in bangladesh, which are important tick-borne pathogens for humans and animals worldwide. a total of 50 canine blood samples, 15 ticks collected from dogs, and 1 ...	2016	26573516
biological parameters of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) fed on rabbits, sheep, and cattle.	in order to determine the effect of various hosts on feeding performance of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, we used 3 mammalian species as hosts, cattle (qinchuan), sheep (t an), and rabbits (japanese white rabbit) for infest-ing ticks. five hundreds of r. microplus larvae were exposed to each animal (3 animals/host species). tick recoveries were 11.0%, 0.47%, and 5.5% from cattle, sheep, and rabbits, respectively. the averages of tick feeding periods were not significantly different on cat ...	2016	27417084
prevalence and genetic characterization of anaplasma marginale in zebu cattle (bos indicus) and their ticks (amblyomma variegatum, rhipicephalus microplus) from madagascar.	tick-borne bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the obligate intracellular pathogen anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae), is a major constraint to cattle production in tropical and subtropical regions. from madagascar, clinical cases were published but data based on molecular methods regarding the prevalence and genetic diversity of this pathogen on the island are lacking. the aims of this study were to investigate (1) the prevalence of a. marginale in malagasy zebu cattle (bos indicus ...	2016	27592064
cattle experimentally infected by anaplasma marginale: influence of splenectomy on disease pathogenesis, oxidative profile, and antioxidant status.	bovine anaplasmosis is caused by the obligate intraerythrocytic bacteria anaplasma marginale. these bacteria are transmitted by tick species such as rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, blood-sucking insects, and fomites (needles, clippers, and other blood contaminated equipment). during the acute phase of infection, animals may develop fever, anemia, jaundice, and hepatosplenomegaly. the aims of this study are to quantify the bacteremia by quantitative pcr in eight naïve calves experimentally i ...	2016	27060744
exploring the immune signalling pathway-related genes of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus: from molecular characterization to transcriptional profile upon microbial challenge.	in dipteran insects, invading pathogens are selectively recognized by four major pathways, namely toll, imd, jnk, and jak/stat, and trigger the activation of several immune effectors. although substantial advances have been made in understanding the immunity of model insects such as drosophila melanogaster, knowledge on the activation of immune responses in other arthropods such as ticks remains limited. herein, we have deepened our understanding of the intracellular signalling pathways likely t ...	2016	26724380
nanoparticle-based delivery of anaplasma marginale membrane proteins; virb9-1 and virb10 produced in the pichia pastoris expression system.	bovine anaplasmosis or cattle-tick fever is a tick-borne haemolytic disease caused by the rickettsial haemoparasite anaplasma marginale in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. while difficult to express, the proteins virb9-1 and virb10 are immunogenic components of the outer membrane type iv secretion system that have been identified as candidate antigens for vaccines targeting of a. marginale. soluble virb9-1 and virb10 were successfully expressed using pichia pastoris. when formulated ...	2016	28335329
molecular detection and identification of piroplasms in sika deer (cervus nippon) from jilin province, china.	piroplasmosis is an important disease of domestic animals and wildlife and is caused by organisms from the genera theileria and babesia. wildlife such as sika deer play an important role as reservoir hosts for several species of theileria and babesia. using blood samples collected from sika deer, we investigated the epidemiology of theileria spp. and babesia spp. in sika deer from jilin province in china and identified those species that cause pathogenic infections in sika deer.	2016	26984286
anaplasma species of veterinary importance in japan.	anaplasma species of the family anaplasmataceae, order rickettsiales are tick-borne organisms that can cause disease in animals and humans. in japan, all recognized species of anaplasma (except for anaplasma ovis) and a potentially novel anaplasma sp. closely related to anaplasma phagocytophilum have been reported. most of these detected tick-borne pathogens are believed to be lowly pathogenic in animals in japan although the zoonotic a. phagocytophilum has recently been reported to cause clinic ...	2016	27956767
prediction of g protein-coupled receptor encoding sequences from the synganglion transcriptome of the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus.	the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, is a pest which causes multiple health complications in cattle. the g protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) super-family presents a candidate target for developing novel tick control methods. however, gpcrs share limited sequence similarity among orthologous family members, and there is no reference genome available for r. microplus. this limits the effectiveness of alignment-dependent methods such as blast and pfam for identifying gpcrs from r. mi ...	2016	26922323
selective factors associated with the evolution of codon usage in natural populations of arboviruses.	arboviruses (arthropod borne viruses) have life cycles that include both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts with substantial differences in vector and host specificity between different viruses. most arboviruses utilize rna for their genetic material and are completely dependent on host trnas for their translation, suggesting that virus codon usage could be a target for selection. in the current study we analyzed the relative synonymous codon usage (rscu) patterns of 26 arboviruses together with ...	2016	27455096
molecular detection of anaplasma spp. and ehrlichia spp. in ruminants from twelve provinces of china.	anaplasma spp. and ehrlichia spp. are tick-transmitted bacteria that are of significant economic importance as they can infect large and small ruminants and also people. there is little information on anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis in ruminants in china. 16s rrna fret-qpcrs were used to screen convenience whole blood samples from 2,240 domestic ruminants in 12 provinces of china for anaplasma spp. and ehrlichia spp. positive samples were further analyzed with a standard pcr for the glta. anaplasm ...	2016	28096822
molecular detection and characterization of zoonotic and veterinary pathogens in ticks from northeastern china.	tick-borne diseases are considered as emerging infectious diseases in humans and animals in china. in this study, ixodes persulcatus (n = 1699), haemaphysalis concinna (n = 412), haemaphysalis longicornis (n = 390), dermacentor nuttalli (n = 253), and dermacentor silvarum (n = 204) ticks were collected by flagging from northeastern china, and detected for infection with anaplasma, ehrlichia, babesia, and hepatozoon spp. by using nested polymerase chain reaction assays and sequencing analysis. an ...	2016	27965644
virus discovery using tick cell lines.	while ticks have been known to harbor and transmit pathogenic arboviruses for over 80 years, the application of high-throughput sequencing technologies has revealed that ticks also appear to harbor a diverse range of endogenous tick-only viruses belonging to many different families. almost nothing is known about these viruses; indeed, it is unclear in most cases whether the identified viral sequences are derived from actual replication-competent viruses or from endogenous virus elements incorpor ...	2016	27679414
diagnosis and management of bovine babesiosis outbreaks in cattle in punjab state.	the aim of the present study was to diagnose severe outbreaks of bovine babesiosis in punjab state, in the year 2015 and to suggest control and preventive measures to animal owners.	2016	28096607
inhibition of bovine platelets aggregation in response to hyalomma anatolicum salivary gland proteins/peptides.	ticks are obligate ectoparasites that have an impact on wide range of vertebrates and also act as a potential vector for the transmission of tropical theileriosis, babesiosis, etc., causing significant loss to livestock production worldwide. while feeding, they introduce their saliva containing different bioactive molecules into the host. these molecules have the capability to counteract the host hemostatic mechanism to suck host blood successfully. therefore, the study was aimed to isolate anti ...	2016	27956779
pervasive microrna duplication in chelicerates: insights from the embryonic microrna repertoire of the spider parasteatoda tepidariorum.	micrornas are small (∼22 nt) noncoding rnas that repress translation and therefore regulate the production of proteins from specific target mrnas. micrornas have been found to function in diverse aspects of gene regulation within animal development and many other processes. among invertebrates, both conserved and novel, lineage specific, micrornas have been extensively studied predominantly in holometabolous insects such as drosophila melanogaster however little is known about microrna repertoir ...	2016	27324919
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry for comprehensive indexing of east african ixodid tick species.	the tick population of africa includes several important genera belonging to the family ixodidae. many of these ticks are vectors of protozoan and rickettsial pathogens including theileria parva that causes east coast fever, a debilitating cattle disease endemic to eastern, central and southern africa. effective surveillance of tick-borne pathogens depends on accurate identification and mapping of their tick vectors. a simple and reproducible technique for rapid and reliable differentiation of l ...	2016	26979606
characterisation of tropomyosin and paramyosin as vaccine candidate molecules for the poultry red mite, dermanyssus gallinae.	dermanyssus gallinae is the most economically important haematophagous ectoparasite in commercial egg laying flocks worldwide. it infests the hens during the night where it causes irritation leading to restlessness, pecking and in extreme cases anaemia and increased cannibalism. due to an increase in the occurrence of acaricide-resistant d. gallinae populations, new control strategies are required and vaccination may offer a sustainable alternative to acaricides. in this study, recombinant forms ...	2016	27733192
experiences in tick control by acaricide in the traditional cattle sector in zambia and burkina faso: possible environmental and public health implications.	livestock, especially cattle, play a paramount role in agriculture production systems, particularly in poor countries throughout the world. ticks and tick-borne diseases (tbds) have an important impact on livestock and agriculture production in sub-saharan africa. the authors review the most common methods used for the control of ticks and tbds. special emphasis is given to the direct application of acaricides to the host animals. the possible environmental and public health adverse effects (i.e ...	2016	27882313
host body size and the diversity of tick assemblages on neotropical vertebrates.	identifying the factors that influence the species diversity and distribution of ticks (acari: ixodida) across vertebrate host taxa is of fundamental ecological and medical importance. host body size is considered one of the most important determinants of tick abundance, with larger hosts having higher tick burdens. the species diversity of tick assemblages should also be greater on larger-bodied host species, but empirical studies testing this hypothesis are lacking. here, we evaluate this rela ...	2016	27812506
host specificity in a diverse neotropical tick community: an assessment using quantitative network analysis and host phylogeny.	host specificity is a fundamental determinant of tick population and pathogen transmission dynamics, and therefore has important implications for human health. tick host specificity is expected to be particularly high in the tropics, where communities of ticks, hosts and pathogens are most diverse. yet the degree to which tropical tick species are host-specific remains poorly understood. combining new field data with published records, we assessed the specificity of tick-host associations in pan ...	2016	27357506
the microbiome of ehrlichia-infected and uninfected lone star ticks (amblyomma americanum).	the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum, transmits several bacterial pathogens including species of anaplasma and ehrlichia. amblyomma americanum also hosts a number of non-pathogenic bacterial endosymbionts. recent studies of other arthropod and insect vectors have documented that commensal microflora can influence transmission of vector-borne pathogens; however, little is known about tick microbiomes and their possible influence on tick-borne diseases. our objective was to compare bacterial c ...	2016	26751816
arbovirosis and potential transmission blocking vaccines.	infectious diseases caused by arboviruses (viruses transmitted by arthropods) are undergoing unprecedented epidemic activity and geographic expansion. with the recent introduction of west nile virus (1999), chikungunya virus (2013) and zika virus (2015) to the americas, stopping or even preventing the expansion of viruses into susceptible populations is an increasing concern. with a few exceptions, available vaccines protecting against arboviral infections are nonexistent and current disease pre ...	2016	27664127
immunological properties of oxygen-transport proteins: hemoglobin, hemocyanin and hemerythrin.	it is now well documented that peptides with enhanced or alternative functionality (termed cryptides) can be liberated from larger, and sometimes inactive, proteins. a primary example of this phenomenon is the oxygen-transport protein hemoglobin. aside from respiration, hemoglobin and hemoglobin-derived peptides have been associated with immune modulation, hematopoiesis, signal transduction and microbicidal activities in metazoans. likewise, the functional equivalents to hemoglobin in invertebra ...	2016	27518203
insecticide resistance and management strategies in urban ecosystems.	the increased urbanization of a growing global population makes imperative the development of sustainable integrated pest management (ipm) strategies for urban pest control. this emphasizes pests that are closely associated with the health and wellbeing of humans and domesticated animals. concurrently there are regulatory requirements enforced to minimize inadvertent exposures to insecticides in the urban environment. development of insecticide resistance management (irm) strategies in urban eco ...	2016	26751480
concurrent micro-rna mediated silencing of tick-borne flavivirus replication in tick vector and in the brain of vertebrate host.	tick-borne viruses include medically important zoonotic pathogens that can cause life-threatening diseases. unlike mosquito-borne viruses, whose impact can be restrained via mosquito population control programs, for tick-borne viruses only vaccination remains the reliable means of disease prevention. for live vaccine viruses a concern exists, that spillovers from viremic vaccinees could result in introduction of genetically modified viruses into sustainable tick-vertebrate host transmission cycl ...	2016	27620807
going beyond the control of quorum-sensing to combat biofilm infections.	most bacteria attach to surfaces where they form a biofilm, cells embedded in a complex matrix of polymers. cells in biofilms are much better protected against noxious agents than free-living cells. as a consequence it is very difficult to control pathogens with antibiotics in biofilm infections and novel targets are urgently needed. one approach aims at the communication between cells to form and to maintain a biofilm, a process called quorum-sensing. water soluble small-sized molecules mediate ...	2016	27025518
phage display as a promising approach for vaccine development.	bacteriophages are specific antagonists to bacterial hosts. these viral entities have attracted growing interest as optimal vaccine delivery vehicles. phages are well-matched for vaccine design due to being highly stable under harsh environmental conditions, simple and inexpensive large scale production, and potent adjuvant capacities. phage vaccines have efficient immunostimulatory effects and present a high safety profile because these viruses have made a constant relationship with the mammali ...	2016	27680328
sarcoptes scabiei: genomics to proteomics to biology.	the common scabies mite, sarcoptes scabiei is a cosmopolitan parasite of humans and other mammals. an annotated genome of sarcoptes scabiei var. canis has been deposited in the national center for biotechnology information (ncbi) and vectorbase and a proteomic analysis of proteins in extracts of mite bodies and eggs from this strain has been reported. here we mined the data to identify predicted proteins that are known to be involved in specific biological processes in other animals.	2016	27371026
anaplasma marginale: diversity, virulence, and vaccine landscape through a genomics approach.	in order to understand the genetic diversity of a. marginale, several efforts have been made around the world. this rickettsia affects a significant number of ruminants, causing bovine anaplasmosis, so the interest in its virulence and how it is transmitted have drawn interest not only from a molecular point of view but also, recently, some genomics research have been performed to elucidate genes and proteins with potential as antigens. unfortunately, so far, we still do not have a recombinant a ...	2016	27610385
novel rickettsia raoultii strain isolated and propagated from austrian dermacentor reticulatus ticks.	continuous culture of tick cell lines has proven a valuable asset in isolating and propagating several different vector-borne pathogens, making it possible to study these microorganisms under laboratory conditions and develop serological tests to benefit public health. we describe a method for effective, cost- and labor-efficient isolation and propagation of rickettsia raoultii using generally available laboratory equipment and rhipicephalus microplus cells, further demonstrating the usefulness ...	2016	27809928
in vitro effect of seven essential oils on the reproduction of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus.	the acaricidal effect of seven essential oils was examined in vitro against the cattle tick (rhipicephalus microplus). engorged female ticks were manually collected in farms of southern brazil and placed into petri dishes (n = 10) in order to test the following oils: juniper (juniperus communis), palmarosa (cymbopogon martinii), cedar (cedrus atlantica), lemon grass (cymbopogon citratus), ginger (zingiber officinale), geranium (pelargonium graveolens) and bergamot (citrus aurantium var bergamia) ...	2016	27857849
evaluation of the in vitro expression of atp binding-cassette (abc) proteins in an ixodes ricinus cell line exposed to ivermectin.	ticks are among the most important vectors of pathogens causing human and animal disease. acaricides are used to control tick infestation, although there are increasing reports of resistance. recently, over-expression of atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter proteins (p-glycoproteins, pgp) has been implicated in resistance to the acaricide ivermectin in the ticks rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato. ixodid tick cell lines have been used to investigate dru ...	2016	27090214
acquisition of exogenous haem is essential for tick reproduction.	haem and iron homeostasis in most eukaryotic cells is based on a balanced flux between haem biosynthesis and haem oxygenase-mediated degradation. unlike most eukaryotes, ticks possess an incomplete haem biosynthetic pathway and, together with other (non-haematophagous) mites, lack a gene encoding haem oxygenase. we demonstrated, by membrane feeding, that ticks do not acquire bioavailable iron from haemoglobin-derived haem. however, ticks require dietary haemoglobin as an exogenous source of haem ...	2016	26949258
anthelmintic effect of bacillus thuringiensis strains against the gill fish trematode centrocestus formosanus.	parasitic agents, such as helminths, are the most important biotic factors affecting aquaculture, and the fluke centrocestus formosanus is considered to be highly pathogenic in various fish species. there have been efforts to control this parasite with chemical helminthicides, but these efforts have had unsuccessful results. we evaluated the anthelmintic effect of 37 strains of bacillus thuringiensis against c. formosanus metacercariae in vitro using two concentrations of total protein, and only ...	2016	27294137
emergence of multi-acaricide resistant rhipicephalus ticks and its implication on chemical tick control in uganda.	acaricide failure has been on the rise in the western and central cattle corridor of uganda. in this study, we identified the tick species associated with acaricide failure and determined their susceptibility to various acaricide molecules used for tick control in uganda.	2016	26727991
transfected babesia bovis expressing a tick gst as a live vector vaccine.	the rhipicephalus microplus tick is a notorious blood-feeding ectoparasite of livestock, especially cattle, responsible for massive losses in animal production. it is the main vector for transmission of pathogenic bacteria and parasites, including babesia bovis, an intraerythrocytic apicomplexan protozoan parasite responsible for bovine babesiosis. this study describes the development and testing of a live b. bovis vaccine expressing the protective tick antigen glutathione-s-transferase from hae ...	2016	27911903
rift valley fever virus nss protein functions and the similarity to other bunyavirus nss proteins.	rift valley fever is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that affects both ruminants and humans. the nonstructural (ns) protein, which is a major virulence factor for rift valley fever virus (rvfv), is encoded on the s-segment. through the cullin 1-skp1-fbox e3 ligase complex, the nss protein promotes the degradation of at least two host proteins, the tfiih p62 and the pkr proteins. nss protein bridges the fbox protein with subsequent substrates, and facilitates the transfer of ubiquitin. the sap3 ...	2016	27368371
severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus antigen detection using monoclonal antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein.	severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is a tick-borne infectious disease with a high case fatality rate, and is caused by the sfts virus (sftsv). sfts is endemic to china, south korea, and japan. the viral rna level in sera of patients with sfts is known to be strongly associated with outcomes. virological sfts diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity are required in disease endemic areas.	2016	27045364
temporal gene expression analysis and rna silencing of single and multiple members of gene family in the lone star tick amblyomma americanum.	saliva is an integral factor in the feeding success of veterinary and medically important ticks. therefore, the characterization of the proteins present in tick saliva is an important area of tick research. here, we confirmed previously generated sialotranscriptome data using quantitative real-time pcr. the information obtained in this in-depth study of gene expression was used to measure the effects of metalloprotease gene silencing on tick feeding. we analyzed the temporal expression of seven ...	2016	26872360
in vitro mode of action and anti-thrombotic activity of boophilin, a multifunctional kunitz protease inhibitor from the midgut of a tick vector of babesiosis, rhipicephalus microplus.	hematophagous mosquitos and ticks avoid host hemostatic system through expression of enzyme inhibitors targeting proteolytic reactions of the coagulation and complement cascades. while most inhibitors characterized to date were found in the salivary glands, relatively few others have been identified in the midgut. among those, boophilin is a 2-kunitz multifunctional inhibitor targeting thrombin, elastase, and kallikrein. however, the kinetics of boophilin interaction with these enzymes, how it m ...	2016	26745503
molecular detection and genotyping of coxiella-like endosymbionts in ticks that infest horses in south korea.	members of the genus coxiella can be transmitted from ticks to humans during contact with animals; coxiella may thus spread from the infected horses or ticks to humans. in this study, the presence of coxiella burnetii and coxiella-like endosymbionts (cle) in ticks found on infested horses was determined using pcr and genotyping. a total of 213 ticks were randomly collected from 51 horses (4-5 ticks per horse) raised on jeju island, korea, between 2009 and 2013. all ticks were morphologically ide ...	2016	27792764
contributions to rickettsioses research in colombia (1917-1943), luis b. patiño camargo.	colombian physician luis benigno patiño camargo was one of the pioneers in the study of rickettsioses in south america, demonstrating for the first time in colombia the presence of rickettsia rickettsii as the etiological agent of a highly deadly exanthematic febrile syndrome in the 1930s. however, patiño-camargo performed other investigations from 1917-1943, which represent the first descriptions and scientific evidence of the presence of r. prowazekii and r. typhi in colombia. almost 60 years ...	2016	27074327
mitochondrial genome evolution and trna truncation in acariformes mites: new evidence from eriophyoid mites.	the subclass acari (mites and ticks) comprises two super-orders: acariformes and parasitiformes. most species of the parasitiformes known retained the ancestral pattern of mitochondrial (mt) gene arrangement of arthropods, and their mt trnas have the typical cloverleaf structure. all of the species of the acariformes known, however, have rearranged mt genomes and truncated mt trnas. we sequenced the mt genomes of two species of eriophyoidea: phyllocoptes taishanensis and epitrimerus sabinae. the ...	2016	26732998
first isolation of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from haemaphysalis longicornis ticks collected in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome outbreak areas in the republic of korea.	severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease that is endemic to china, japan, and the republic of korea (rok). in this study, 8313 ticks collected from sfts outbreak areas in the rok in 2013 were used to detect the sfts virus (sftsv). a single sftsv was isolated in cell culture from one pool of haemaphysalis longicornis ticks collected from samcheok-si, gangwon province, in the rok. phylogenetic analysis showed that the sftsv isolate was cluster ...	2016	26745758
insecticide and repellent mixture pour-on protects cattle against animal trypanosomosis.	african animal trypanosomosis (aat), transmitted by tsetse flies and tick-borne diseases are the main constraints to livestock production in sub-saharan africa. vector control methods such as pour-on offer individual protection against ticks but not against tsetse so far, for which protection has always been communal, through a reduction of their density. the latter requires the treatment of a large part of the herd in a given landscape and is not instantaneous.	2016	28027324
occurrence of ticks in cattle in the new pastoral farming areas in rufiji district, tanzania.	ticks and tick-borne diseases plus trypanosomosis are a constraint to cattle rearing in tanzania. rufiji district was not known for important ticks infesting cattle because inhabitants were not engaged in keeping livestock. not only has settlement of pastoralists and cattle in rufiji increased the number of cattle but also cattle have been the source of bringing in and spreading of ticks. this study investigated tick species that have been introduced and managed to establish themselves in the ne ...	2016	27990463
paralog analyses reveal gene duplication events and genes under positive selection in ixodes scapularis and other ixodid ticks.	hard ticks (family ixodidae) are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites of worldwide medical and veterinary importance. the haploid genomes of multiple species of ixodid ticks exceed 1 gbp, prompting questions regarding gene, segmental and whole genome duplication in this phyletic group. the availability of the genome assembly for the black legged tick, ixodes scapularis, and transcriptome datasets for multiple species of ticks offers an opportunity to assess the contribution of gene duplication ...	2016	26984180
community structure, seasonal variations and interactions between native and invasive cattle tick species in benin and burkina faso.	the variation of tick abundance on ruminants had received little attention in west africa before rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus started to invade this region in the early 2000s. ten years later, r. microplus was suspected to have replaced the native ticks. in addition to testing this hypothesis, this study investigated the interactions between native and invasive ticks and the relative role of climatic and geographical variables in the variations of tick community composition (beta diversit ...	2016	26819238
cattle tick vaccine researchers join forces in catvac.	a meeting sponsored by the bill & melinda gates foundation was held at the avanti hotel, mohammedia, morocco, july 14-15, 2015. the meeting resulted in the formation of the cattle tick vaccine consortium (catvac).	2016	26911668
ehrlichia ruminantium infects rhipicephalus microplus in west africa.	the invasion of west africa by rhipicephalus microplus during the past decade has changed the ecological situation of the agent of heartwater ehrlichia ruminantium in this area. before, its local vector, amblyomma variegatum, was the most abundant tick species found on livestock. today, the abundance of the r. microplus is one magnitude higher than that of a. variegatum in many west-african localities. we investigated the potential of this new ecological situation to impact the circulation of e. ...	2016	27334439
the genome of the crustacean parhyale hawaiensis, a model for animal development, regeneration, immunity and lignocellulose digestion.	the amphipod crustacean parhyale hawaiensis is a blossoming model system for studies of developmental mechanisms and more recently regeneration. we have sequenced the genome allowing annotation of all key signaling pathways, transcription factors, and non-coding rnas that will enhance ongoing functional studies. parhyale is a member of the malacostraca clade, which includes crustacean food crop species. we analysed the immunity related genes of parhyale as an important comparative system for the ...	2016	27849518
saliva of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) inhibits classical and alternative complement pathways.	rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is the main ectoparasite affecting livestock worldwide. for a successful parasitism, ticks need to evade several immune responses of their hosts, including the activation of the complement system. in spite of the importance of r. microplus, previous work only identified one salivary molecule that blocks the complement system. the current study describes complement inhibitory activities induced by r. microplus salivary components and mechanisms elicited by puta ...	2016	27515662
molecular identification of anaplasma marginale in two autochthonous south american wild species revealed an identical new genotype and its phylogenetic relationship with those of bovines.	anaplasma marginale is a well-known cattle pathogen of tropical and subtropical world regions. even though, this obligate intracellular bacterium has been reported in other host species different than bovine, it has never been documented in myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater) or hippocamelus antisense (taruca), which are two native endangered species.	2016	27229471
evasins: therapeutic potential of a new family of chemokine-binding proteins from ticks.	blood-sucking parasites, such as ticks, remain attached to their hosts for relatively long periods of time in order to obtain their blood meal without eliciting an immune response. one mechanism used to avoid rejection is the inhibition of the recruitment of immune cells, which can be achieved by a class of chemokine-binding proteins (ckbps) known as evasins. we have identified three distinct evasins produced by the salivary glands of the common brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. they dis ...	2016	27375615
parasite infection of public databases: a data mining approach to identify apicomplexan contaminations in animal genome and transcriptome assemblies.	contaminations from various exogenous sources are a common problem in next-generation sequencing. another possible source of contaminating dna are endogenous parasites. on the one hand, undiscovered contaminations of animal sequence assemblies may lead to erroneous interpretation of data; on the other hand, when identified, parasite-derived sequences may provide a valuable source of information.	2017	28103801
a new method for in vitro feeding of rhipicephalus australis (formerly rhipicephalus microplus) larvae: a valuable tool for tick vaccine development.	rhipicephalus microplus is a hard tick that has a major impact on cattle health in tropical and subtropical regions because it feeds on cattle and is implicated in the transmission of pathogens that cause diseases such as bovine anaplasmosis and babesiosis. presently, acaricides are used to control tick infestation but this is becoming increasingly less effective due to the emergence of tick strains that are resistant to one or more classes of acaricides. anti-tick vaccines are a promising alter ...	2017	28335800
molecular and functional characterization of bm05br antigen from rhipicephalus microplus.	rhipicephalus microplus is a cattle-specific tick, causing considerable losses in the livestock industry. the identification of molecules responsible for modulation of host defenses during different parasite stages can help in the development of alternative methods, such as vaccination, to control tick infestations. hq05, a protein of unknown function identified in the tick haemaphysalis qinghaiensis, induced a significant protective immune response when used as a vaccine in sheep. in the presen ...	2017	28043800
arsenic solid-phase speciation and reversible binding in long-term contaminated soils.	historic arsenic contamination of soils occurs throughout the world from mining, industrial and agricultural activities. in australia, the control of cattle ticks using arsenicals from the late 19th to mid 20th century has led to some 1600 contaminated sites in northern new south wales. the effect of aging in as-mobility in two dip-site soil types, ferralitic and sandy soils, are investigated utilizing isotopic exchange techniques, and synchrotron x-ray adsorption spectroscopy (xas). findings sh ...	2017	27916260
emerging borreliae - expanding beyond lyme borreliosis.	lyme borreliosis (or lyme disease) has become a virtual household term to the exclusion of other forgotten, emerging or re-emerging borreliae. we review current knowledge regarding these other borreliae, exploring their ecology, epidemiology and pathological potential, for example, for the newly described b. mayonii. these bacteria range from tick-borne, relapsing fever-inducing strains detected in some soft ticks, such as b. mvumii, to those from bat ticks resembling b. turicatae. some of these ...	2017	27523487
effect of a spray formulation on the reproductive parameters of a susceptible population of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus.	the number of studies emphasizing the possible damage that acaricidal spray formulations can cause on engorged female ticks' reproductive parameters is small. the present study evaluated the deleterious effects of a spray formulation (dichlorvos 60% + chlorpyrifos 20%) on the reproductive parameters of a susceptible population of rhipicephalus (b.) microplus females, using the stall test. the ticks were allocated randomly to treatments according to the mean numbers of females detached from each ...	2017	25517518
immune recognition of salivary proteins from the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus differs according to the genotype of the bovine host.	males of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus produce salivary immunoglobulin-binding proteins and allotypic variations in igg are associated with tick loads in bovines. these findings indicate that antibody responses may be essential to control tick infestations. infestation loads with cattle ticks are heritable: some breeds carry high loads of reproductively successful ticks, in others, few ticks feed and they reproduce inefficiently. different patterns of humoral immunity against tick sali ...	2017	28288696
immune and biochemical responses in skin differ between bovine hosts genetically susceptible and resistant to the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus.	ticks attach to and penetrate their hosts' skin and inactivate multiple components of host responses in order to acquire a blood meal. infestation loads with the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus, are heritable: some breeds carry high loads of reproductively successful ticks, whereas in others, few ticks feed and reproduce efficiently.	2017	28143523
in vitro evaluation of acaricidal activity of novel green silver nanoparticles against deltamethrin resistance rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus.	an investigation was undertaken to study, for the first time, in vitro acaricidal activity of green silver nanoparticles on deltamethrin resistance rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the compounds tested were neem coated silver nanoparticles (n-ag nps), deltamethrin neem coated silver nanoparticles (dn-ag nps), 2, 3 dehydrosalannol (2,3 dhs), 2, 3 dhs coated silver nanoparticles (2, 3-dhs-ag nps), quercetin dihydrate (qdh) and qdh coated silver nanoparticles (qdh-ag nps). also included in this ...	2017	28246003
amitraz and its metabolite differentially activate α- and β-adrenergic-like octopamine receptors.	amitraz is a formamidine acaricide and insecticide used to control ticks, mites and fleas. n(2) -(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-n(1) -methyformamidine (dpmf), a metabolite of amitraz, is thought to be an active agent that exerts acaricidal and insecticidal effects by acting as an agonist on octopamine receptors. the emergence of cattle ticks resistant to amitraz is a serious problem that requires urgent attention. the objective of this research was to determine which type of octopamine receptor is the pri ...	2017	27484898
shifts in the distribution of ixodid ticks parasitizing cattle in zimbabwe.	in an attempt to update information on the ecological distribution of ixodid ticks (ixodida: ixodidae) in zimbabwe, a cross-sectional survey was carried out between september 2013 and may 2015 at 322 dip tanks. a total of 15 tick species were collected, namely: amblyomma hebraeum koch (65.2%, n = 210/322), amblyomma variegatum fabricius (14.9%, n = 48/322), hyalomma rufipes koch (62.4%, n = 201/322), hyalomma truncatum koch (37.9%, n = 122/322), rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann (60.6%, n = 1 ...	2017	27935088
analysis of stage-specific protein expression during babesia bovis development within female rhipicephalus microplus.	arthropod-borne protozoan pathogens have a complex life cycle that includes asexual reproduction of haploid stages in mammalian hosts and the development of diploid stages in invertebrate hosts. the ability of pathogens to invade, survive, and replicate within distinct cell types is required to maintain their life cycle. in this study, we describe a comparative proteomic analysis of a cattle pathogen, babesia bovis, during its development within the mammalian and tick hosts with the goal of iden ...	2017	28152313
does the effect of a metarhizium anisopliae isolate on rhipicephalus microplus depend on the tick population evaluated?	the filamentous fungus metarhizium anisopliae is an arthropod pathogen used in the biological control of pests in agriculture and livestock. the effect of the fungus m. anisopliae on ticks has been shown in experiments in vitro. the aim of the present study was to compare the susceptibility of different field isolates of rhipicephalus microplus to m. anisopliae. a total of 67 field isolates were evaluated. rhipicephalus microplus larvae were immersed in an m. anisopliae suspension (10(8) conidia ...	2017	27908773