Publications

listeriosis in seven bushy-tailed jirds.	listeriosis was diagnosed in 7 bushy-tailed jirds (sekeetamys calurus). death in all cases was acute, and there were no clinical signs. necropsy revealed necrotizing lesions in the liver, intestines, spleen, and hepatic and mesenteric lymph nodes. on histologic examination large numbers of gram-positive coccobacilli were seen in the lesions. pneumonitis was seen in 6 jirds, and small numbers of bacteria were seen in the lungs in all cases except one. diagnosis was based on bacterial culture of t ...	1984	6511584
listeria meningitis during pregnancy.	meningitis is the major pathologic manifestation of listeria monocytogenes in the united states. despite the fact that this organism has a well-known predilection for individuals who are pregnant or immunocompromised, to date, maternal listeric meningitis remains an unreported entity in the english literature. the authors report two cases of this disease and review the diagnosis and treatment of meningitis in general and, more specifically, of listeric meningitis in pregnancy. it is recommended ...	1984	6518070
listeriosis. systemic infection due to listeria monocytogenes. proceedings of a symposium. halifax, nova scotia, canada, june 1983.		1984	6532630
an ongoing problem: perinatal infection due to listeria monocytogenes, an old pathogen reborn.		1984	6532631
modern taxonomy of the listeria group relationship to its pathogenicity.	listeria monocytogenes is divided into serovars 1-7 (including subserovars) which belong to several genospecies as determined by gene homology studies. at least two of the five genomic species of l. monocytogenes are avirulent and cannot be separated by serological analysis from virulent strains. during the past two decades, several thousand listeria strains have been analysed by the reference laboratory of the institute of hygiene in würzburg, germany. a study of the origin of the strains and t ...	1984	6532632
dynamics of listeria monocytogenes type 4b infection in pregnant and infant rats.	in order to examine the dynamics of perinatal listeriosis, we established a rat model of infection using a strain of listeria monocytogenes type 4b isolated from a human newborn infant. when injected subcutaneously, the median lethal dose (ld50) to the organism was lower for pregnant than nonpregnant animals (10(8) vs 10(9) colony forming units [cfu]). susceptibility was greatest on the 16th day of gestation (67% mortality) as was the likelihood that the offspring had generalized infection (50%) ...	1984	6532633
the immune response of human neonates to listeria monocytogenes infection.	infection with listeria monocytogenes during pregnancy has a high fetal and neonatal mortality. in rodents, it has been shown that resistance to listeria infection is dependent upon a t cell-mediated immune response to the bacteria. the immune humoral and cell-mediated response to l. monocytogenes was studied in seven mother infant pairs who had documented evidence of l. monocytogenes sepsis. all studies were carried out 1 year following the initial infection as part of a clinical and immunologi ...	1984	6532634
follow-up study of survivors of fetal and early onset neonatal listeriosis.	although fetal or neonatal infection with listeria monocytogenes is known to have a high mortality, the longterm morbidity is unknown. clinical sequelae of fetal or neonatal listeriosis were studied in eight survivors of such infections at a mean age of 16 months corrected for prematurity. a developmental and health history was taken and a denver developmental screening test and neurological exam performed on each subject. two infants were seen again and the remainder had developmental and healt ...	1984	6532635
enhancement of resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection in mice by pyrimidine analogs.	the modulation of murine host resistance to infection with listeria monocytogenes by the substituted pyrimidine anti-viral compounds, 2-amino-5-bromo-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (abmp), 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-4-pyrimidinol (abpp) and 2-amino-5-iodo-6-phenyl-4-pyrimidinol (aipp) was investigated. baf1 mice given three daily injections of abmp, abpp (as well as of the interferon-inducer poly i:c) demonstrated enhanced anti-listerial resistance, as measured by a 100-fold increase in the median lethal ...	1984	6532636
computed tomographic scanning in listeria monocytogenes meningitis.	seven adults with listeria monocytogenes infection of the central nervous system had computed x-ray tomography of the head performed. one patient had a normal scan, three had hydrocephalus; cerebral edema, an arachnoid cyst and hyperemia were each noted in one patient. atrophy of the vermis of the cerebellum was demonstrated on follow-up scans in two patients. further studies are necessary to determine whether such atrophy is a frequent sequelae of l. monocytogenes central nervous system infecti ...	1984	6532637
[hydrocephalus complicating listeria monocytogenes meningitis].		1984	6532926
listeria monocytogenes: a rare cause of mycotic aortic aneurysm.		1984	6546353
[infectious endocarditis caused by listeria monocytogenes and mycotic aneurysm of the deep femoral artery. report of a case].		1984	6549433
experimental screening of bcg preparations produced for cancer immunotherapy: safety and immunostimulating and antitumor activity of four consecutively produced batches.	four consecutively produced batches of bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) especially intended to be used for cancer immunotherapy were investigated for consistency of the vaccine. each batch was investigated directly after production of the vaccine, so that the four batches were not tested simultaneously. the activity of the four batches was investigated in general safety assays, immunostimulation assays, and two different tumor models. general safety assays showed dose-dependent growth retardation ...	1984	6563941
ampicillin-resistant listeria monocytogenes meningitis in a previously healthy 14-year-old athlete.		1984	6568110
comparative effects of various classes of mouse interferons on macrophage activation for tumor cell killing.	the effects of mouse interferon-alpha (muifn-alpha), -beta (muifn-beta), and -gamma (muifn-gamma) on macrophage activation for tumor cell killing were determined by using proteose peptone-elicited peritoneal macrophages from c3h/hen and c3h/hej mice under conditions that either included or were free of detectable endotoxin. alone, under the conditions used, none of the interferons was able to activate macrophages directly for tumor cell killing. however, with a second signal provided to responsi ...	1985	2578167
influence of the h-2u haplotype on immune function in f1 hybrid mice. i. antigen presentation.	previously, we reported that myelin basic protein (mbp) peptide 1-37 contains an encephalitogenic epitope for pl/j mice, and mbp peptide 89-169 is encephalitogenic for sjl/j mice. (sjpl)f1 hybrid mice do not respond to immunization with these peptides in a co-dominant manner because the encephalitogenic response to peptide 1-37 dominates. to examine this phenomenon more closely, we tested the ability of mbp-primed parental or f1 t cells to respond to mbp or mbp peptides in the context of pl, sjl ...	1985	2580890
vaccination against the intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes with a clonotypic antiserum.	the t cell clone 26.1.1, which confers specific protection against the intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes, was fused to bw 5147. the resulting t cell hybridoma, tlm1, could be stimulated to secret interleukin 2 by antigen plus accessory cells or concanavalin a. stimulation was specific for an epitope expressed by l. monocytogenes egd but not atcc 19114 and was h-2i-a restricted. antisera against tlm1 were raised in syngeneic mice and tested for their capacity to block tlm1 responses. ...	1985	2580906
listeria monocytogenes infection in biozzi mouse lines with high or low antibody responses, or with high (hi/pha) or low (lo/pha) responses to phytohemagglutinin.	dependent and independent variables influencing natural and acquired resistance to listeria monocytogenes in biozzi mouse lines, genetically selected for their antibody responses, were analyzed. variations in interline (il) difference were shown to depend upon the inoculum dose, age, and sex of the mice used. further, when il differences were measured using the growth curves of l. monocytogenes, it appeared that ll mice were more resistant than hl mice, while the opposite was observed when il di ...	1985	2424619
effect of in vivo administration of different adjuvants on the in vitro candidacidal activity of mouse peritoneal cells.	the candidacidal activity (ca) of peritoneal cells (pc) in vitro was used as a measure of nonspecific microbicidal activity of phagocytes after intraperitoneal injection of mice with different adjuvants. dilutions of pc were incubated with constant numbers of c. parapsilosis in a 96-well culture plate. the pc number causing 50% reduction of yeast colonies formed after 48 hr at 37 degrees c was called 1 ca50 unit. ca was expressed in ca50 units per 10(6) pc. optimal reduction of the number of via ...	1985	3967300
positive bromide partition test in the absence of tuberculous meningitis.	five cases of lymphocytic meningitis are described where a bromide partition test was performed and proved positive at levels usually considered consistent with tuberculous meningitis. three of these cases were ultimately shown to have herpes simplex viral encephalitis, one had listeria monocytogenes in the csf and the fifth patient recovered without treatment and was thought to have had a viral encephalitis. the bromide partition test may not be as good a discriminant as has previously been sug ...	1985	3981198
listeria monocytogenes endocarditis.	a fatal case of endocarditis due to listeria monocytogenes is reported. case reports of endocarditis due to this organism are rare but indicate a higher mortality than with many other causes of bacterial endocarditis. the size of the problem may be underestimated because the organism has a "diphtheroid' appearance and may be incorrectly dismissed as a contaminant.	1985	3991406
ontogeny of macrophage-mediated protection against listeria monocytogenes.	we investigated the ontogenic development of macrophage functions which are important in the expression of host defense against infection by listeria monocytogenes. macrophage functions, including accumulation in response to local stimuli, chemotaxis in vitro, and intracellular killing, as well as number of macrophages, were examined by using mice 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 weeks old. the number of peritoneal macrophages was extremely low in younger mice even when their body weights were taken into consi ...	1985	3997246
production of tumour necrosis factor in listeria monocytogenes-infected animals.	both mice and rabbits injected intravenously with viable listeria monocytogenes and challenged with bacterial lipopolysaccharide release tumour necrosis factor (tnf) into the blood. optimal conditions for production of murine tnf using listeria were established. the cell-kill efficacy of listeria-tnf and of corynebacterium parvum-tnf are comparable. also, the two sera have similar spectra of activity; a wide variety of murine and human tumour cell lines are vulnerable while others are not affect ...	1985	3997317
role of lipid a of endotoxin in the production of tumour necrosis factor.	bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) induces the release of tumour necrosis factor (tnf) into serum of mice previously infected with listeria monocytogenes or immunized with formalin-killed corynebacterium parvum. this release is greatly reduced by neutralisation of lipid a of lps with the antibiotic polymyxin b sulfate. the effect is dose-dependent. base-hydrolysed lps, which is devoid of lipid a, cannot induce tnf release. crude lipid a still retains its ability to induce tnf release but is sign ...	1985	4000132
ovine listerial encephalitis: analysis, hypothesis and synthesis.	analysis of field data suggested that listerial encephalitis in sheep was most common in winter and early spring in the age groups of sheep which would be cutting, changing and possibly losing teeth. it was hypothesised that under these conditions ingested listeria monocytogenes could reach the fine dental terminals of the trigeminal nerve causing an ascending neuritis and encephalitis. experimental inoculation of organisms into the dental pulp demonstrated the feasibility of this route of infec ...	1985	4002594
pontomedullary encephalitis and basal meningitis due to listeria monocytogenes: report of a case.	a case of cns listeriosis in a 49-year-old man, previously in good health, is described. the illness showed a biphasic clinical pattern with a prodromal phase characterized by headache, fever and leukocytosis and subsequent development of pontomedullary cranial nerve paresis. the infection was rapidly progressive and fatal. gram-positive rods, identified as listeria monocytogenes, were detected in csf samples only at the end stage of illness. neuropathological abnormalities consisted of rhombenc ...	1985	4006992
liver macrophages in murine listeriosis. cell-mediated immunity is correlated with an influx of macrophages capable of generating reactive oxygen intermediates.	sublethal infection of mice with listeria monocytogenes was accompanied by an influx of immigrant macrophages into the liver and the generation of substantial h2o2 by isolated liver macrophages. h2o2 production paralleled the course of infection and, after resolution of granulomata, returned to the low levels seen in normal livers. to assess the activation status of kupffer cells and immigrant macrophages in listeriosis, a separation protocol was developed based on the differential adherence pro ...	1985	4009118
genetically determined resistance to listeriosis is associated with increased accumulation of inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages which have enhanced listericidal activity.	the c57bl/6 and a/j inbred strains of mice differ markedly in their resistance to the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes. one possible explanation for this genetically determined resistance is that phagocytes from listeria-resistant strains of mice can kill l. monocytogenes more effectively than phagocytes from listeria-susceptible strains of mice. we report here that inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages from listeria-resistant mice (c57bl/6) exhibit a slight but sign ...	1985	4018836
successful treatment of maternal septicemia due to listeria monocytogenes at 26 weeks' gestation.	a case of successful therapy with ampicillin of maternal septicemia due to listeria monocytogenes at 26 weeks' gestation with resultant delivery at term of a normal neonate is reported. the ability to positively influence the outcome of hematogenously acquired maternal-fetal infection is stressed.	1985	4022517
[case of listeria monocytogenes meningitis with a benign course in a healthy adult].	we herein describe the case of lysteria monocytogenes meningitis. the isolation and identification of the bacteria causing the infection ollowed the antibiotic treatment followed by complete remission. our data also support the hypothesis on intense immunological response producing a favourable evolution of the disease.	1985	4023547
transmission of neonatal listeriosis in a delivery room.	two cases of neonatal listeriosis occurred in a hospital within a two-week period. both infants were infected with the same organism, listeria monocytogenes, type 1a, bacteriophage type 6 (lysotype 1652). both infants were born in the same delivery room, 17 hours apart. the index patient became septic shortly after birth and died after 48 hours despite antibiotic therapy. the mother of the index patient was febrile and had chorioamnionitis. the second infant became ill with meningitis at 13 days ...	1985	4036924
listeriosis in patients with long-term hemodialysis and transfusional iron overload.	over a four-year interval, four cases of listeria monocytogenes bacteremia were observed among a population of 127 patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. none had an underlying malignancy or were recently receiving immunosuppressive medications. a search for a predisposing factor suggested a relationship to transfusional iron overload. although still a rare infection, the possibility of listeriosis must be kept in mind by physicians caring for patients undergoing hemodialysis, particularly ...	1985	4036991
listeria monocytogenes-vaccine: production and control.	the experiments described in this paper were designed in order to develop the basis for the production and potency testing of a live vaccine against listeriosis. the vaccine contains the serovars 1/2 a and 4b of listeria monocytogenes (l. m.). a) production. r-forms of both serovars with attenuated mice virulence were used as antigens. the vaccine strains can be kept stable by means of lyophilisation. the vaccine should contain at least 1 x 10(8) living bacteria of each serovar. during productio ...	1985	4050195
[isolation of listeria seeligeri and l. welshimeri bacteriophages. lysotyping of l. monocytogenes, l. ivanovii, l. innocua, l. seeligeri and l. welshimeri].	recent taxonomic reexamination of listeria monocytogenes strains as defined in the 8th edition of bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology allowed to distinguish 5 species among these strains: l. monocytogenes, l. innocua, l. ivanovii, l. welshimeri, and l. seeligeri. as till now only the behaviour of the species l. monocytogenes, l. innocua, and l. ivanovii towards bacteriophages was characterized, the present study aimed at the search for phages occurring on these two new species and to d ...	1985	4050196
cefotaxime monotherapy of bacterial meningitis caused by gram-positive pathogens.	primary meningitis in children is caused by two gram-negative bacterial species, neisseria meningitidis and haemophilus influenzae, and one gram-positive bacterial species streptococcus pneumoniae. despite optimal penicillin susceptibility, with few exceptions, therapeutic results in pneumococcal meningitis are by far worse than with the other two pathogens. therefore, and because of the detection of penicillin-resistant rods, the study of alternatives in therapy is justified and was started wit ...	1985	4055057
[isolation of micro-organisms of the species listeria from raw milk intended for human consumption].	refrigerated mixtures of raw milk provided by a dairy which was supplied by farms from west and central spain were tested for the presence of listeria microorganisms. a total of 95 samples were taken at regular intervals over a 16-month period. listeria grayi was isolated from 89.5% of the samples, listeria monocytogenes s. str. from 45.3%, listeria innocua from 15.8%, listeria welshimeri from 3.1%, and listeria seeligeri from 1.05%. listeria ivanovii, listeria murrayi, and listeria denitrifican ...	1985	4063881
resistance to listeriosis in two lines of mice genetically selected for high and low antibody production.	infection by the intracellular parasite listeria monocytogenes was studied in two inbred lines of mice genetically selected for high and low antibody production against xenogeneic red blood cells. it was revealed that, during the early non-specific phase of infection, bacterial growth in tissues was significantly enhanced in high responder (hr) mice, as opposed to low responder (lr) mice. this is interpreted as the in vivo expression of a genetic impairment of the bactericidal activity of reside ...	1985	4077102
further studies on thymidine kinase: distribution pattern of the enzyme in bacteria.	various micro-organisms (131 strains of 73 species) were studied for their ability to produce thymidine kinase (tk; ec 2.7.1.21). taking the specific tk activity of escherichia coli k12 [specific activity of sonicated cell extracts 95-194 pmol min-1 (mg protein)-1] as 100%, the test organisms had the following relative specific tk activities. in the gram-positive cocci, staphylococcus aureus (21-84%) showed higher activity than staph. epidermidis (1-20%) and streptococcus (1-7%) except for one s ...	1985	4093763
[a case of neonatal listeriosis].	the aa describe a case of neonatal sepsis caused by listeria monocytogenes observed in their intensive care unit. the preterm neonate, born at the 30th week of gestational age, died after three days, showing clinical signs of sepsis and severe respiratory distress. although the anamnesis of the mother revealed an episode of fever one month before delivery, the origin of which was not identified, it was not possible to isolate the listeria in the mother. the aa discuss some clinical and therapeut ...	1985	4094923
[neonatal listeriosis and postnatal contamination. a new case].	four cases of neonatal listeriosis issued from the same maternity during the period of ten days are reported in this paper. three newborns suffered from a delayed listeriosis meningitic form with complete recovery. the fourth newborn suffered from early septicemic form and died. this is a new observation of post-natal cross infection with listeria monocytogenes in the same maternity. the reported cases remain rare up to now, although this is a classic notion.	1985	3834382
in vitro activity of sch 34343 against enterococci and other gram-positive bacteria.	the in vitro activity of sch 34343, a new penem antibiotic, was compared with those of imipenem, vancomycin, and eight other antibiotics against gram-positive bacteria. ninety percent of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and penicillin-susceptible streptococcal isolates were inhibited by sch 34343 at concentrations of less than or equal to 0.125 micrograms/ml. listeria monocytogenes isolates were susceptible to the penem at concentrations of less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml. ...	1985	3845792
listeriosis in christchurch 1967-1984.	between february 1981-may 1982, 18 christchurch patients were infected with listeria monocytogenes. of these eight were pregnant, and three mid-trimester abortions and one neonatal death occurred in this group. one death due to listeriosis occurred amongst the other ten patients. three patients were part of a small nosocomial outbreak. prior to february 1981 and since may 1982, infections caused by this organism have been very uncommon. the possible sources of the organism are discussed.	1985	3856139
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in listeria monocytogenes meningitis.		1985	3873198
[increased incidence of listeriosis diseases in lower saxony, 1983].	during 1983 an unusual high incidence of listeriosis in man was observed in parts of lower saxony. 24 strains of listeria monocytogenes--all serotyp 4b--were isolated from 10 newborn infants, 3 children and 11 adults suffering from meningitis and sepsis. all of the affected newborns and children recovered with antibiotic therapy.	1985	3873396
dynamics of t cells of l3t4 and ly 2 phenotype within granulomas in murine listeriosis.	monoclonal antibodies anti-ly 1, anti-ly 2 and gk1.5 were applied to determine phenotypes of t cells within granulomas formed as a result of infection of mice with the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes. early in granuloma formation, equal numbers of ly 1+, ly 2+ and l3t4+ cells were found, t cells of different phenotypes being evenly distributed over the lesions. in mature granulomas, numbers of ly 1+ and l3t4+ cells about doubled as compared to incipient granulomas, ly ...	1985	3874730
activation of natural resistance against lung metastasis of an adenocarcinoma in t-cell depressed spontaneously hypertensive rats by infection with listeria monocytogenes.	we report here our study of the role of natural host defense mechanisms mediated by macrophages and natural killer (nk) cells in an experimental model of spontaneous pulmonary metastases of a mammary adenocarcinoma sst-2 in spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr) with congenital t-cell depression. to activate macrophages and nk cells, listeria monocytogenes (lm) was injected iv into shr which had received a transplantation of sst-2. to assess the antimetastatic responses induced by lm, the number ...	1985	3876151
t-cell co-operation in the mediation of acquired resistance to listeria monocytogenes.	monoclonal antibodies were used to select t-cell subsets that mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) and acquired cellular resistance (cri) in rats infected with listeria monocytogenes. the mediators of dth were identified as w3/25+ ox8- t cells. the latter comprised a subset distinct from that which could protect recipient rats against a listeria challenge. the protective t cells had a w3/25- ox8+ phenotype. the t-cell mediators of cellular resistance to infection (tcri) failed to augment ...	1985	3876276
influence of estrogen on host resistance: increased susceptibility of mice to listeria monocytogenes correlates with depressed production of interleukin 2.	mice given pharmacological levels of the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol demonstrated a marked increase in susceptibility to infection with listeria monocytogenes. experiments were performed in an effort to determine the mechanism(s) by which estrogen treatment increases the susceptibility of mice to l. monocytogenes infection. estrogen exposure depressed the in vivo proliferative response of splenic lymphocytes to l. monocytogenes, which correlated with the decreased in vitro response of ...	1985	3876288
effect of aging on antimicrobial immunity: old mice display a normal capacity for generating protective t cells and immunologic memory in response to infection with listeria monocytogenes.	old (19 to 30 mo) and young adult (11 to 16 wk) ab6f1 mice of both sexes were compared in terms of their capacity to resist infection with listeria monocytogenes. the ld50 was found to be two to four times higher for old than for young mice, and the time to death was longer for old mice. enumeration of bacteria in the livers and spleens showed that old mice restricted growth of listeria more effectively than young mice during the preimmune phase of infection, the difference being detectable as e ...	1985	3876387
immune complex effects on murine macrophages. ii. immune complex effects on activated macrophages cytotoxicity, membrane il 1, and antigen presentation.	we investigated the effects of immune complexes on macrophage functions in vitro. immune complexes inhibit lymphokine induction of both i-ak expression and cytotoxic activity by fetal calf serum elicited macrophages during long-term (7 days) culture. in addition, induction of antigen presentation was significantly inhibited by immune complexes. expression of membrane interleukin 1 (il-1) (a membrane-bound bound form of the t cell mitogen required for antigen presentation by fixed cells) was mini ...	1985	3877753
role of superoxide dismutase and catalase as determinants of pathogenicity of nocardia asteroides: importance in resistance to microbicidal activities of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils.	the roles of nocardial superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase in the resistance of nocardia asteroides to the microbicidal properties of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes were determined in vitro. the neutrophils killed ca. 80% of the cells of the less virulent n. asteroides 10905 and ca. 50% of the log phase of the more virulent n. asteroides guh-2 after 180 min of incubation. these phagocytes were not able to kill early-stationary-phase cells of strain guh-2 that contained 10 times more intr ...	1985	3880721
immunity to salmonella typhimurium infection in c3h/hej and c3h/hencrlbr mice: studies with an aromatic-dependent live s. typhimurium strain as a vaccine.	immunization with avirulent salmonella typhimurium strain sl3235, a smooth, aroa- derivative, was shown to induce high levels of resistance to challenge with virulent s. typhimurium in innately hypersusceptible c3h/hej mice and inherently resistant c3h/hencrlbr mice. strain sl3235 is one of a class of avirulent aroa- derivatives made from various strains and species of salmonella that are being considered as vaccine candidates for cattle and humans. this paper supports their efficacy and potenti ...	1985	3882560
neurologic complications of bone marrow transplantation.	among 78 patients who died after bone marrow transplantation, neurologic complications were present in 55 (70%) and were the cause of death in 5 (6%). metabolic encephalopathy occurred in 29 patients (37%). cns infections included aspergillosis (3), herpes simplex encephalitis (2), and listeria monocytogenes meningitis (1). six additional patients had neuropathologic changes possibly due to cytomegalovirus infection. cerebrovascular complications occurred in five patients (two hemorrhages and th ...	1985	3883233
the effect of dimethylnitrosamine on host resistance and immunity.	adult female b6c3f1 mice were injected ip with 0.2 ml phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) only or pbs containing 1.5, 3, or 5 mg dimethylnitrosamine (dmn)/kg body wt daily for 14 days. on day 16, mice were evaluated for changes in immune status as measured by the antibody response to sheep red blood cells (srbcs), blastogenesis to t- and b-cell mitogens, natural killer (nk) cell function, delayed hypersensitivity, and alveolar macrophage (am) bactericidal activity; and for changes in host resistance ...	1985	3883572
immunological studies in b6c3f1 mice following exposure to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and its principal metabolite methoxyacetic acid.	exposure to glycol ethers has been associated with adverse effects in laboratory animals including thymus atrophy and mild leukopenia. these effects may involve depletion of immunoresponsive cells. this study examined possible alterations in immune function and host resistance of b6c3f1 mice following exposure to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (egme) or its principal metabolite, methoxyacetic acid (moaa). egme and moaa were administered by gavage to mice in 10 doses over a 2-week period at tot ...	1985	3883573
mycobacterium lepraemurium infection of nude athymic (nu/nu) mice.	nude athymic (nu/nu) mice on a balb/c background and their heterozygous euthymic litter mates (nu/+) were infected with either 10(8) or 10(6) mycobacterium lepraemurium organisms intravenously or in the left hind footpad (lhf). after lhf infection with 10(8) m. lepraemurium organisms, nu/+ mice slowly developed a response that consisted of lhf swelling and local resistance to listeria monocytogenes. the lower inoculum induced a proportionately lower response in nu/+ mice, but the nu/nu mice deve ...	1985	3891623
host response to infection with a temperature-sensitive mutant of salmonella typhimurium in a susceptible and a resistant strain of mice.	the inoculation of a temperature-sensitive mutant of salmonella typhimurium induced a long-lasting infection in susceptible (c57bl/6) and resistant (a/j) mice. during week 1 of infection, the number of bacteria in the spleens was similar in both mouse strains. then, the decrease of bacteria was more rapid in the resistant strain. splenomegaly and granulomatous hepatitis were more severe in the susceptible strain. the immune response induced by this infection was studied. in both mouse strains de ...	1985	3897053
cellular immune response to mycobacterium bovis (bcg) in genetically-susceptible and resistant congenic mouse strains.	congenic bcgr (c.d2, resistant) and bcgs (balb/c, susceptible) mice were infected intravenously with mycobacterium bovis (bcg, strain montreal) in order to establish the relationship between different indicators of the cell-mediated immune response and the bacterial load attained in the host. there was a correlation between the bacterial burden and the splenomegaly response, granuloma formation in the liver and cross-protection against an heterologous pathogen (listeria monocytogenes) in bcgr an ...	1985	3905097
vaccines against mycobacteria and other intracellular multiplying bacteria.	as the prototype of a vaccine against mycobacterial infection, the bcg (bacille bilié calmette et guérin) has been used against tuberculosis for more than 60 years. it is the only live attenuated vaccine used on humans in more than 182 countries or territories in the world, and very few changes have been made in its fabrication and distribution, except for the production of lyophilized seed-lots. however, its history is marked with controversies concerning its innocuity and efficacy. while bcg s ...	1985	3909929
infections in immunocompromised patients. i. pathogenesis, etiology, and diagnosis.	granulocytopenia is the major factor predisposing cancer patients to infection, chiefly by bacteria. most of the infections are caused by gram-negative aerobic organisms (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and klebsiella sp) that arise from endogenous gastrointestinal, mucosal, or cutaneous flora (often modified by hospital-acquired pathogens). some fungi (candida sp and aspergillus sp) are also likely to invade granulocytopenic patients. the next most important factor predisposing cancer ...	1985	3914372
enzyme immunoassay of teichoic acids from listeria monocytogenes.	amino groups were introduced into listeria monocytogenes teichoic acids by reductive amination, and the product was coupled to biotin. teichoic acids were assayed by their binding to specific antibody adsorbed to a solid phase, followed by detection of the antigen-antibody complex by horseradish peroxidase-avidin. less than 20 ng of teichoic acid was detectable.	1985	3918074
pasteurized milk as a vehicle of infection in an outbreak of listeriosis.	between june 30th and august 30th, 1983, 49 patients in massachusetts acquired listeriosis. seven cases occurred in fetuses or infants and 42 in immunosuppressed adults; 14 patients (29 per cent) died. of 40 listeria monocytogenes isolates available for testing, 32 were serotype 4b. two case-control studies, one matching for neighborhood of residence and the other for underlying disease, revealed that the illness was strongly associated with drinking a specific brand of pasteurized whole or 2 pe ...	1985	3918263
listeriosis and milk.		1985	3918264
[epidemic listeriosis. report of 25 cases in 15 months at the vaud university hospital center].	25 cases (14 adults, 11 neonates) of listeria monocytogenes infection were observed during a 15-month period (1983/1984) at the university medical center (chuv) in lausanne (switzerland), in contrast to a mean of only 3 cases per year during the period 1974-1982. eleven of 14 adults had neuromeningeal disease (3 meningitis, 7 meningoencephalitis, 1 encephalitis), and 3 patients had septicemia, two of whom were pregnant women. among 8 adults with cns parenchymal infection, 6 had involvement of th ...	1985	3918344
characterization of a novel linkage unit between ribitol teichoic acid and peptidoglycan in listeria monocytogenes cell walls.	the structure of the linkage unit between ribitol teichoic acid and peptidoglycan in the cell walls of listeria monocytogenes egd was studied. a teichoic-acid--glycopeptide preparation isolated from lysozyme digests of the cell walls of this strain contained mannosamine, glycerol, glucose and muramic acid 6-phosphate in an approximate molar ratio of 1:1:2:1, together with large amounts of glucosamine and other components of teichoic acid and glycopeptides. a teichoic-acid-linked sugar preparatio ...	1985	3918862
activation of non-specific cytotoxic cells in listeria-susceptible and -resistant mouse strains.	an increase in macrophage tumouricidal activity in the spleen was demonstrated following intravenous infection of genetically resistant c57bl/10 mice with listeria monocytogenes, but not after infection of balb/c mice. however, tumouricidal macrophages appeared in the peritoneal cavity of both strains after infection, while nk cell activity was generally higher in balb/c mice. the activation of tumouricidal macrophages and nk cells in the c57bl/b10 mice was t independent and, at least in the per ...	1985	3918933
production of listeria-specific rat t-cell clones and role of interleukin-2 receptors in regulation of listeria-dependent t-cell clone growth in vitro.	splenic t lymphocytes from rats immunized with the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes were cloned by the limiting-dilution technique in the presence of accessory cells, heat-killed l. monocytogenes as antigen, and conditioned medium containing interleukin-2. the cloned rat t-cells were listeria-specific cells, and their proliferation depended on class ii-restricted antigen presentation by accessory cells. as demonstrated by their reactivity to the monoclonal antibody w3/2 ...	1985	3918938
decreased delayed-type hypersensitivity and increased protection to listeria monocytogenes seen in mice infected with mucoid and nonmucoid pseudomonas aeruginosa.	infection of mice with pseudomonas aeruginosa, washed and unwashed, mucoid and nonmucoid, altered subsequent immunity to listeria monocytogenes. mice were protected against lethal doses of l. monocytogenes yet exhibited decreased delayed-type hypersensitivity footpad swelling to sublethal doses. the mucoid coating of mucoid p. aeruginosa, an important pathogen in chronic bronchopulmonary disorders, imparted no additional immunomodulating capabilities to p. aeruginosa.	1985	3918939
differential effects of iron on the growth of listeria monocytogenes: minimum requirements and mechanism of acquisition.	the differential effects of iron on the growth of virulent and avirulent listeria monocytogenes were examined. we found that virulent strains exhibited faster rates of growth as a function of iron than did the avirulent strains. we also noted that serum was microbiostatic, but this microbiostasis was overcome either by saturating the serum transferrin with iron or by increasing the number of organisms initially inoculated into the serum. we were unable to identify any component of a high-affinit ...	1985	3919119
identification of a membrane-associated interleukin 1 in macrophages.	we have found a surface membrane-associated interleukin 1 (il-1) with potent thymocyte and t-cell stimulatory activity on peptone-elicited peritoneal macrophages. the il-1 activity was demonstrated on both fixed macrophage monolayers and on isolated membranes from unfixed macrophages. membrane il-1 was induced by adherence and/or by adding heat-killed listeria monocytogenes to macrophage cultures. the macrophage membrane il-1 was similar functionally and antigenically to soluble il-1, but its ex ...	1985	3919388
[antirecurrence action of preparations made from listeria in the surgical removal of sarcoma 180].	it is shown that in spite of the absence of the marked inhibition of the tumour growth in the preparative period listeria preparations decreased the percentage of recurrances. based on the results obtained a conclusion is drawn that injection of listeria preparations into the tumour for several days before its surgical removal may be an effective prophylactic means of the relapse development.	1985	3920043
effective protection against listeria monocytogenes and delayed-type hypersensitivity to listerial antigens depend on cooperation between specific l3t4+ and lyt 2+ t cells.	selected l3t4- and lyt 2- t-cell subpopulations from listeria monocytogenes-infected mice were transferred into syngenic recipients, and their capacity to adoptively mediate protection against l. monocytogenes and delayed-type hypersensitivity to listerial antigens was determined. both functions were markedly reduced by pretreatment of cells with either anti-l3t4 or anti-lyt 2.2 antibodies plus complement, but they could be restored by admixture of the two selected t-cell subsets. thus, after sy ...	1985	3920148
differences in initial rate of intracellular killing of salmonella typhimurium by resident peritoneal macrophages from various mouse strains.	to determine the underlining mechanism of the difference in innate susceptibility of mouse strains to infection by salmonella typhimurium, the ingestion and in vitro intracellular killing of s. typhimurium by resident peritoneal macrophages of mouse strains that differ in natural resistance to this microorganism has been studied. the results revealed that the rate constants of in vitro phagocytosis (kph) in the presence of inactivated rabbit immune serum did not differ between macrophages of sus ...	1985	3920318
enhanced accumulation of inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages mediated by transfer of t cells from mice immunized with listeria monocytogenes.	we have previously shown that listeria-immunized mice recruit more inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages to the peritoneal cavity after i.p. injection of a sterile irritant than do nonimmune mice. because the inflammatory phagocytes that were obtained from listeria-immune and nonimmune mice did not differ in their ability to kill listeria monocytogenes in vitro, this suggested that the rapid recruitment of listericidal inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages may be critically important for r ...	1985	3920320
an adoptive transfer system for the investigation of granuloma formation in murine listeriosis.	a system is described for studying adoptive transfer of granuloma formation in infection of mice with the facultative intracellular bacterium, listeria monocytogenes. intravenous injection of graded numbers of l. monocytogenes-immune peritoneal exudate t-enriched cells (petles) together with 5 x 10(4) living l. monocytogenes resulted in dose-dependent accelerated granuloma formation in the livers of recipient mice. the lymphoid cells conferring granuloma formation were t cells by virtue of their ...	1985	3920484
listeriosis in a rabbit.		1985	3920811
septicaemia, encephalitis and abortions in a housed flock of sheep caused by listeria monocytogenes type 1/2.	one hundred and ninety-six housed pregnant ewes were fed poor quality silage for two days. ewes are reluctant to eat the silage and within 48 hours they became dull and developed diarrhoea and lameness. despite treatment with antibiotics and calcium borogluconate 19 ewes died, more than 60 developed vaginal discharges and at lambing 94 ewes were barren. six developed nervous signs and two of these died, one with lesions typical of listeric encephalitis. post mortem lesions and the isolation of l ...	1985	3920813
protective effect of lactobacillus casei on pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice.	the protective effect of heat-killed lactobacillus casei yit9018 (lc 9018) against pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice was compared with that of corynebacterium parvum. survival of mice after intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with p. aeruginosa was augmented in mice that had been pretreated i.p. with lc 9018 5 days previously. similar treatment of mice with c. parvum, however, was not effective at all. moreover, mice became more susceptible to infection with p. aeruginosa after such treatmen ...	1985	3921464
free versus liposome-entrapped ampicillin in treatment of infection due to listeria monocytogenes in normal and athymic (nude) mice.	efficacy of liposomal as compared with free ampicillin in treatment of infection due to listeria monocytogenes was studied in normal and congenitally athymic (nude) mice. after intravenous injection the multilamellar vesicles used were taken up mainly by liver and spleen, the target organs of l. monocytogenes. injection of empty liposomes in two doses of 2 mumol of vesicle lipid each, administered at 40 and 112 hr after bacterial inoculation, did not influence the course of listerial infection i ...	1985	3921624
transfer of listeria monocytogenes between frogs.		1985	3923214
on the serology and immunobiology of listeriosis. viii. communication: antibody against listeria monocytogenes in sheep without and after vaccination against listeriosis as measured by means of different serological methods.	237 sheep of 4 flocks were tested in a field trial for humoral antibody against listeria monocytogenes (l, m.) using one serum per animal. in addition, the kinetics of antibody response to vaccination against listeriosis was determined for 20 sheep, using comparatively the bacterial agglutination test, the growth test and the agglutination-immobilization test. since low antibody were detected in a portion of animals, only, the possibly different degree of infection of animals could not be determ ...	1985	3923734
changes in the migratory activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes after administration of freund's adjuvant.	spontaneous and chemotactic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, obtained from the peritoneal cavity, was studied after administration of complete and incomplete freund's adjuvant to rabbits at intervals of 18-26 d after adjuvant injection. whereas injection of both complete and incomplete adjuvant increased spontaneous migration of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes, the migration directed by the chemotactic signal, induced in fresh serum by e. coli endotoxin, was decreased. the chemotaxi ...	1985	3924799
phenol-water extracts of gram-positive listeria monocytogenes and gram-negative salmonella typhimurium. comparison of biological activities.	using phenol--water extraction, a lipopeptidopolysaccharide complex (lpps) was isolated from listeria monocytogenes. some biological and immunological properties of lpps were compared with lipopolysaccharide isolated by the same procedure from salmonella typhimurium. lpps possesses low pyrogenicity, but the immunological activity is comparable with lps: slightly lower adjuvant and polyclonal stimulating effect, almost equal mitogenic effect on mouse spleen cells and higher mitogenic effect on hu ...	1985	3924800
listeria meningitis: report of ten recent cases and review of current therapeutic recommendations.	ten cases of meningitis due to listeria monocytogenes were admitted to three hospitals in berlin between 1978 and 1983. one patient was a premature infant in whom meningitis was diagnosed as part of typical granulomatosis infantiseptica. another presented with signs of brainstem encephalitis which was confirmed post mortem. positive blood cultures were obtained from five of the patients. two strains of listeria were resistant and one was only moderately sensitive to penicillin. the three most re ...	1985	3925024
effect of listeria monocytogenes infection on serum levels of colony-stimulating factor and number of progenitor cells in immune and nonimmune mice.	studies were performed to determine changes in serum macrophage colony-stimulating factor (m-csf) levels and the number of macrophage progenitor cells in bone marrow and spleens of nonimmune and immune mice infected with listeria monocytogenes. immunity in mice was established by infecting mice 6 weeks before use with a sublethal dose of l. monocytogenes. when challenged with 10(4) l. monocytogenes organisms, immune mice had an early (12 h) peak in m-csf serum concentrations. levels remained ele ...	1985	3926646
suppression of cellular immunity to listeria monocytogenes by activated macrophages: mediation by prostaglandins.	we previously demonstrated the suppression of cell-mediated immunity to listeria monocytogenes by pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced, macrophage-like cells. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the mechanism for this suppression. p. aeruginosa supernatant was shown to activate macrophages by the criteria of increased bactericidal capacities and increased attachment to glass surfaces. acquired cellular resistance to l. monocytogenes could also be inhibited by macrophages from l. monocytogenes ...	1985	3926650
structural study on teichoic acids of listeria monocytogenes types 4a and 4d.	the chemical compositions of the cell walls obtained from 10 strains (serotypes 1a, 3a, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4e, 4f, 6, and 7) of listeria monocytogenes were analyzed. these cell walls were shown to be mainly composed of peptidoglycan and ribitol teichoic acids. considerable variations in the composition of neutral sugars were observed among these cell walls. chemical and nmr analyses indicated that the teichoic acids from l. monocytogenes serotypes 4a and 4d are composed of the following repeati ...	1985	3926758
[use of opportunistic gram-negative microorganisms for stimulating antitumor resistance].		1985	3927057
food-borne pathogens of recent concern.		1985	3927947
a one-plate assay for macrophage bactericidal activity.	human peripheral blood monocytes purified by counterflow centrifugal elutriation (cce) showed an enhanced capacity to kill listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus after activation with interferon-gamma (ifn gamma). bactericidal activity was evaluated by a rapid colorimetric microassay based on the reduction of a tetrazolium dye, mtt. the amount of dye reduced was directly proportional to the number of viable bacteria present in each microwell. comparison with a bacterial titration plate ...	1985	3928761
induction of stable l-forms of salmonella typhi and listeria monocytogenes.	stable l-forms of salmonella typhi and listeria monocytogenes were produced using penicillin (4500 units/ml) as inducer, and sucrose, normal horse serum and mg++ as stabilizers. stable l-forms were produced after 100 and 56 passages, then adapted to grow and multiply in a medium free of inducer and stabilizers so that they did not revert to parental forms even after 12 continuous passages.	1985	3929554
antimicrobial susceptibilities of listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from 1958 to 1982 in sweden.	antibiotic susceptibility was studied in 175 clinical isolates of listeria monocytogenes. there were no major changes in the susceptibility of strains between 1958 and 1982. benzylpenicillin and ampicillin had mics for 90% of the strains (mic90) of 0.5 micrograms/ml. gentamicin also had good activity against l. monocytogenes, with an mic90 of 1.0 microgram/ml. all the new beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporins tested had relatively poor activity against l. monocytogenes. of the bacteriostatic anti ...	1985	3929675
susceptibility of balb/c sublines to infection with listeria monocytogenes.		1985	3930148
genetic control of the macrophage inflammatory response elicited in a subcutaneous site.		1985	3930149
augmentation of host resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection by lactobacillus casei.	the effect of heat-killed lactobacillus casei yit 9018 (lc 9018), a potent antitumor agent as well as a potent macrophage-activating agent, on the resistance of mice to listeria monocytogenes was studied. mice pretreated intravenously (i.v.) with 0.5 mg of lc 9018 showed enhanced resistance to subsequent i.v. infection with l. monocytogenes. antigenic cross-reaction between l. monocytogenes and lc 9018 was not seen in the delayed footpad reaction in mice, and lc 9018 inhibited the growth of l. m ...	1985	3930748
vaccination against listeriosis in sheep.		1985	3931339
the effect of progesterone on the growth and virulence of listeria monocytogenes.	progesterone was examined for action on the virulence of listeria monocytogenes and the toxicity of its haemolysin. progesterone at concentrations between 5 and 20 micrograms/ml reduced the numbers of l. monocytogenes over the first two hours of growth. virulence and haemolysin toxicity were assessed using the allantoic sac route of inoculation into embryonated hens eggs. increasing the concentrations of progesterone in the culture medium resulted in a decrease in the mortality of chick embryos ...	1985	3931390
a multi-centre study on the phage typing of listeria monocytogenes.	the aim of this multicenter study was to determine and to standardize methods in order to have common basis for comparing results of phage typing of listeria monocytogenes. using a common set of listeria strains, a standardized method, including media, bacterial growth conditions, application of viruses and reading of lytic reactions, was established. 29 bacteriophages were selected according to their host range. this phage typing system allowed phagovar determination of 54% of the serogroup 1/2 ...	1985	3931391
murine model for therapy of listeriosis in the compromised host. iv. cotrimoxazole.	mice infected with a cotrimoxazole-susceptible strain of listeria monocytogenes (mic 0.25 mg/l) were highly protected by a short-lived therapy with this drug. the excellent activity of ampicillin, however, was not achieved. only the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole gave sufficient protection. in dextran sulfate-treated mice, highly susceptible to listeria infection, cotrimoxazole showed also good activity. in the nude, athymic mouse, however, when the deficient immune system did ...	1985	3931993