Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [role of protons and bicarbonate in adaptative gastric cytoprotection]. | the unknown mechanism of adaptative gastric cytoprotection (agc) induced by 20% ethanol and subsequent injury with 70% ethanol was studied in wistar rats. pretreatment with indomethacin or hgii2 did not prevent the agc, there suggesting that neither endogenous pgs nor gastric mucus take part in its mechanism. on the other hand, ranitidine pretreatment blocked and even aggravated the damage induced by ethanol-ethanol. in contrast, the latter phenomenon was reverted by 20% acidified ethanol. it is ... | 1990 | 2275313 |
| in vitro diffusion of lidocaine across endotracheal tube cuffs. | smooth emergence from general endotracheal anesthesia is frequently complicated by coughing induced by stimulation from an endotracheal tube. lidocaine and other local anesthetics have been shown to anesthetize important rapidly adpating stretch receptors in the dog trachea. with the aim of providing a reservoir for continuous lidocaine release to adjacent tracheal tissue, we examined the ability of clinically used concentrations of lidocaine to diffuse across a commonly used endotracheal tube c ... | 1990 | 2275911 |
| in vitro diffusion of lidocaine across endotracheal tube cuffs. | smooth emergence from general endotracheal anesthesia is frequently complicated by coughing induced by stimulation from an endotracheal tube. lidocaine and other local anesthetics have been shown to anesthetize important rapidly adpating stretch receptors in the dog trachea. with the aim of providing a reservoir for continuous lidocaine release to adjacent tracheal tissue, we examined the ability of clinically used concentrations of lidocaine to diffuse across a commonly used endotracheal tube c ... | 1990 | 2275911 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin ii using p1 glycoprotein from hydatid cysts. | shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains and shiga-like toxins (slt) i and ii from escherichia coli bind to terminal alpha-d-galp-(1----4)-d-galp containing glycolipids. hydatid cyst fluid isolated from sheep infected with echinococcus granulosus contains a glycoprotein (p1gp) with a terminal alpha-d-galp-(1----4)-d-galp disaccharide. preparations of p1gp were shown to interact directly with shiga toxin and to inhibit the binding and cytotoxicity of shiga toxin to hela cells. a sandw ... | 1990 | 2295845 |
| death in shigellosis: incidence and risk factors in hospitalized patients. | the total number of admissions and deaths of patients with shigellosis were ascertained at the dhaka treatment centre of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh, 1974-1988, and the characteristics of 67 patients who died were compared with those of 134 discharged alive. of 9780 shigella-infected inpatients, 889 (9.1%) died; 32.3% of deaths occurred in children less than 1 year of age. fatality rates were highest (10.3%) in shigella sonnei-infected patients and lowest ... | 1990 | 2313128 |
| [hepato-renal polycystic disease and liver hydatidosis (a rare association)]. | a case is presented of a patient with polycystic kidneys and familial history of this disease who was from a zone of hydatid endemism. the patient had a hepatic mass compatible with hydatid cyst. diagnoses by imaging, like echography and cat, confirmed it, aside from evidencing polycystic liver disease. there was operative and anatomopathologic confirmation of both diseases of the liver. after a review of the bibliography that shows a scant incidence of this concomitance, some remarks are offere ... | 1990 | 2346686 |
| kinetics of "p"-site-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and the requirements for substrate. | the kinetics of "p"-site-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase was studied with the detergent-solubilized enzyme from rat brain. mn2(+)-activated adenylyl cyclase exhibited typical noncompetitive inhibition by 2'-d3'-amp or 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine (2',5'-ddado). however, enzyme that was preactivated with guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) (gtp gamma s) or proteolytically with ninhibin (+ gtp gamma s) exhibited apparently uncompetitive inhibition with either 2'-d3'-amp or 2',5'-ddado and with e ... | 1990 | 2365688 |
| role of bacterial and host factors in the pathogenesis of shigella septicemia. | to determine the role of bacterial and host factors in the pathogenesis of shigellemia, blood and fecal shigella isolates were compared for serum resistance and siderophore production, and shigellemic patients were examined for decreased serum bactericidal activity or increased serum transferrin saturation compared to control patients with non-bacteremic shigellosis. the majority of both blood (36/38) and fecal (36/48) shigella isolates were sensitive to normal serum (greater than 2 log kill/60 ... | 1990 | 2373088 |
| a method for detecting shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin-i in pure and mixed culture. | shiga toxin and shiga-like toxins (slts, syn. verotoxins) are currently detected by tissue culture assays that are expensive, time-consuming and require specialised facilities and experienced personnel. we have developed a rapid method to detect shiga toxin and slt-i (verotoxin 1) based on their binding to globotriosyl ceramide (gb3). bound toxin was then detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with monoclonal antibodies. the direct detection of cytotoxins from pure culture plat ... | 1990 | 2391709 |
| functional analysis of the shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin type ii variant binding subunits by using site-directed mutagenesis. | the b subunit of shiga toxin and the shiga-like toxins (slts) mediates receptor binding, cytotoxic specificity, and extracellular localization of the holotoxin. while the functional receptor for shiga toxin, slt type i (slt-i), and slt-ii is the glycolipid designated gb3, slt-ii variant (slt-iiv) may use a different glycolipid receptor. to identify the domains responsible for receptor binding, localization in escherichia coli, and recognition by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, oligonucleotid ... | 1990 | 2404947 |
| the colon in shigellosis: serial colonoscopic appearances in shigella dysenteriae i. | twenty-five patients (16 males and 9 females; mean age 24.7 +/- 8.4 years) with acute colitis caused by shigella dysenteriae i were studied, a total of 115 colonoscopic examinations being performed. twenty-two patients had weekly colonoscopic examinations until the last procedure revealed normal colonic mucosa. six abnormal colonoscopic appearances were documented, namely mucosal edema, ulcers, friability, punctate spots, erythematous areas and luminal exudate. mucosal edema was the dominant fin ... | 1990 | 2407526 |
| distribution of insertion sequence is200 in salmonella and shigella. | two dna probes for the detection of insertion sequence is200 by either southern blotting or colony hybridization were constructed. one of the probes is a 300 bp ecori-hindiii fragment of is200 cloned onto pbluescript ks(+); the other is a tail-to-tail dimer of the same fragment cloned onto puc19. a survey of the presence of is200 among enteric bacteria revealed that more than 90% of the pathogenic or food-poisoning isolates of salmonella spp. examined contained one or more copies of insertion se ... | 1990 | 1964174 |
| h(+)-stimulated release of prostaglandin e2 and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphoric acid and their relationship to bone resorption in neonatal mouse calvaria cultures. | the addition of protons to the medium of neonatal mouse calvaria cultures stimulated bone resorption and release of calcium into the medium. in addition, added protons significantly increased the release of prostaglandin e2 (pge2) and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphoric acid (camp) from the bones. indomethacin significantly inhibited the release of calcium, pge2 and camp from proton-treated cultures. the positive control, parathyroid hormone (pth)-treated cultures, also gave rise to bone resor ... | 1990 | 1964815 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic potential against shiga toxin. | four monoclonal antibodies (t2d1, t3b1, t7b2 and t4c4) were produced and characterized against sh. dysenteriae type 1. these monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) were shown to be directed against the same or adjacent determinants on the a-subunit of the shiga toxin. all the anti-shiga toxin mcabs are igg1 (kappa) antibodies and have the capacity to neutralize the cytotoxic and neurotoxic effects of the shiga toxin: the data strongly suggest that both of the activities, associated with the toxin, are du ... | 1990 | 1966939 |
| pivmecillinam-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection in bangladesh. | 1990 | 1972232 | |
| antigenic conservation of primary structural regions of s-adenosylmethionine synthetase. | although the physical and kinetic properties of s-adenosylmethionine (adomet) synthetases from different sources are quite different, it appears that these enzymes have structurally or antigenically conserved regions as demonstrated by studies with adomet synthetase specific antibodies. polyclonal anti-human lymphocyte adomet synthetase crossreacted with enzyme from rat liver (beta isozyme), escherichia coli and yeast. in addition, polyclonal anti-e. coli enzyme and antibodies to synthetic pepti ... | 1990 | 1698095 |
| transient cytokeratin expression in skeletal muscle during murine embryogenesis. | cytokeratin expression was investigated in paravertebral skeletal musculature of 10 d and 18 d old embryos as well as in adult nmri-mice. the muscular nature of the evaluated tissue was evidenced by their expression of vimentin and desmin. binding moieties for cytokeratin antibodies (polyclonal and monoclonal) could be demonstrated only in muscle cells of 10 d old embryos. concerning subtypes, the mouse equivalents of the human cytokeratins nos. 8, 18 and 19 could be made probable. the importanc ... | 1990 | 1698345 |
| role of plasmids in virulence-associated attributes and in o-antigen expression in shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains. | the association of plasmids with virulence characters and o-antigen expression was studied in two virulent and seven avirulent mutant strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1. deletion of a 12-mda segment from a 140-mda plasmid in two smooth avirulent mutants made the derivatives avirulent in the sereny test and non-invasive in hela cells. the mutants were unable to bind congo red, and did not express the virulence marker antigen. mutants completely lacking the 140-mda plasmid also showed similar ... | 1990 | 1700125 |
| characterization of shigella dysenteriae serotypes 11, 12, and 13. | we conducted serologic and biochemical studies on strains of three provisional shigella serotypes. included were 19 strains of serotype 3873-50 from three countries (1 from mexico, 1 from netherlands antilles, and 17 from the united states), 13 strains of serotype 3341-55 from three countries (1 from canada, 1 from bulgaria, and 11 from the united states), and 19 strains of serotype 19809-73 from two countries (16 from israel and 3 from the united states). reactions of these strains with homolog ... | 1990 | 1701447 |
| haematological investigation in neonates. | 1990 | 2271791 | |
| effect of the canadian air force training programme on a submaximal exercise test. | validation of the submaximal heart rate/oxygen consumption relationship as an index of 'cardiorespiratory fitness' requires the demonstration of systematic alterations in this relationship concomitant with interventions designed to alter physical fitness. to fulfil those criteria a longitudinal training/de-training study was undertaken. previously sedentary adult subjects undertook the canadian airforce 5bx-xbx exercise programme. submaximal exercise tests were performed before and after trainin ... | 1990 | 258828 |
| [correlation between physical load, sympathicus activity and prostaglandins of groups a + e and f in healthy individuals (author's transl)]. | 1990 | 213194 | |
| the physiological and psychological effects of the expression and inhibition of emotion. | previous work has indicated that humor enhances immunity, but the immunological effects of overt crying have not been studied. thirty-nine women viewed sad and humorous videotapes and either inhibited or expressed overt expressions of laughter and weeping; these were observed and timed. moods and immunity (s-iga) were repeatedly measured. the humorous stimulus resulted in improved immunity, regardless of the overt laughter expressed; overt crying was immunosuppressive, whereas the inhibition of ... | 1990 | 2271804 |
| reaction of the nitroxyl radical tan with glutathione. | 1990 | 213396 | |
| [genetic manipulation research at department of molecular biology university of edinburgh (author's transl)]. | 1990 | 267957 | |
| control of growth of benzo(a)pyrene-transformed 3t3 cells. | the growth controls observed in benzo[a]pyrene-transformed 3t3 cells (bp3t3) are compared with those of virus-transformed and normal 3t3 cells. superficially, the chemically transformed bp3t3 cells have the same behavior as virus-transformed sv3t3 cells. both grow to high cell density in culture medium with 10% serum, both form colonies in methocel, and both are tumorigenic. closer examination, however, has disclosed that bp3t3 cells exhibit "normal" growth controls at low serum concentrations. ... | 1990 | 184467 |
| our brazilian adventure. | 1990 | 269659 | |
| total reflection in tooth substance and diagnosis of cracks in teeth. a clinical study. | 1991 | 270234 | |
| [plasmatic ampc and gmpc changes in asthmatic patients induced by beta stimulation or blockade and methylcholine (author's transl)]. | 1991 | 208056 | |
| metastatic tumors of the endocardium: report of three cases. | because of their apparent rarity and the tendency of clinicians to lump indicative signs and symptoms under the heading of metastatic disease, metastatic tumors of the endocardium are seldom mentioned in the literature, in the three cases presented herein, endocardial metastases were evident at autopsy. in one case of malignant melanoma, clinical evidence for endocardial involvement was present in life. this article also presents a case of endocardial involvement by wilms' tumor and a case of en ... | 1991 | 207236 |
| [supernumerary teeth in the deciduous dentition]. | the authors presented sovrannumeraries (s) teeth in primary dentition, and the pedodontic, surgical and orthodontic problems. semeiotics signs, and x ray suggested, are described. all the types of s. teeth are showed: supplementaries, conoides, tuberculates and infundibuliformes. for every type characteristics, problems and surgical timing are described. tuberculates and infundibuliformes teeth are the most dangerous for the permanent teeth interrupted: eruption delay, dilacerations, impactions, ... | 1991 | 2288972 |
| a new microsurgical needleholder. | microsurgery demands precise and rapid manipulation of needle and thread with maintenance of special respect for the fragility of the tissues. the design of the needleholder is of paramount importance in achieving these goals. the instrument described below is light, long enough to rest comfortably in the hand, and balanced in such a way that it can be manipulated into awkward corners with relative ease. | 1991 | 269711 |
| [effect of anaprilin on the clinical course of stenocardia and the carbohydrate metabolic indices of ischemic heart disease patients in relation to the nature of their glucose tolerance]. | fourteen-day anaprilin treatment of coronary patients with varying glucose tolerance has demonstrated that the drug's therapeutic efficiency was greater in patients with normal glucose tolerance. anaprilin caused a moderate drop in baseline glucose level and considerably limited the degree of hyperglycemia in response to the glucose tolerance test in coronary patients with abnormally low glucose tolerance. insulin content was virtually unaffected by the drug, irrespective of the type of glucose ... | 1991 | 3327995 |
| amputation: surgical technique and postoperative management. | the decision to amputate should be made with due consideration of the eventual rehabilitation of the patient. with this in mind, general principles of amputation surgery are outlined and specific levels of amputation are described. early post-amputation management has advanced over the last two decades to make rehabilitation goals the more readily reached. these advances are discussed. | 1991 | 269712 |
| evaluation of the role of shiga and shiga-like toxins in mediating direct damage to human vascular endothelial cells. | infection with shiga toxin- and shiga-like toxin-producing strains of shigella dysenteriae and escherichia coli, respectively, can progress to the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. it has been hypothesized that circulating shiga toxin, shiga-like toxins, and endotoxins may contribute to the disease by directly damaging glomerular endothelial cells. the effects of these toxins on hela, vero, and human vascular endothelial cells (ec) were examined. confluent ec were sensitive to shiga toxin but were at l ... | 1991 | 1649877 |
| molecular typing of shigella strains using pulsed field gel electrophoresis and genome hybridization with insertion sequences. | the genomes of 18 independent shigella isolates (9 shigella sonnei, 5 shigella dysenteriae and 4 shigella flexneri) as well as of 4 epidemic s. flexneri strains were analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and by the distribution of insertion sequences (is1, is2 and is911). despite the close relatedness observed among the 9 independent s. sonnei, all of them could be differentiated from each other. the 4 independent s. flexneri isolates showed clearly distinguishable dna profiles. ne ... | 1991 | 1658885 |
| programmed translational frameshifting and initiation at an auu codon in gene expression of bacterial insertion sequence is911. | the proteins expressed by insertion sequence is911, a member of the widespread is3 family of elements, have been analyzed. the results indicate that three major species are produced from two consecutive reading frames. a protein of mr 11,500, orfa, is synthesized from an upstream reading frame. a larger protein, orfab, uses the same initiation codon and is produced by a -1 programmed translational frameshift between orfa and a downstream frame, orfb, whose amino acid sequence shows significant h ... | 1991 | 1660923 |
| gene transfer in enteric bacteria through the formation of r-prime plasmids by an rp4: :mini-mu element. | gene transfer in seven pathogenic enteric bacteria was studied using an rp4: :mini-mu element, the plasmid pulb113. from the e. coli k-12 host strain the plasmid could be efficiently transferred to these enteric bacteria, but its transfer back to e. coli k-12 was not as efficient, being detected only in shigella dysenteriae 1, s. flexneri and the 'smooth' variant of s. sonnei. in these three species, transposition of chromosomal fragments into the plasmid to produce r-prime plasmid was also dete ... | 1991 | 1661362 |
| improved method for measurement of rhodanese activity using methanethiosulfonate as sulfur donor substrate and its application to human serum. | we have developed a sensitive method for the measurement of rhodanese activity in human serum which is based on the colorimetric method for the determination of thiocyanate produced from methanethiosulfonate and cyanide as substrates. thiocyanate gives a red complex with ferric ion in an acidic condition. the present method is about 70-fold more sensitive than the conventional method using cyanide and thiosulfate as substrates and correlates well (r = 0.997) with the conventional method in bovin ... | 1991 | 1667623 |
| effect of diabetes mellitus on epididymal enzymes of adult rats. | diabetes mellitus caused significant reduction in serum testosterone and accessory sex glands weight. the sperm content of epididymal regions also decreased. among the epididymal regions, the cauda epididymidal tissue alone showed significant reduction in na(+)-k+ atpase activity. however, mg2+ atpase activity was lowered in caput epididymidis only. specific activity of ca2+ atpase significantly decreased in caput and cauda epididymides. all three atpases decreased significantly in caput epididy ... | 1991 | 1667646 |
| molecular epidemiologic techniques in analysis of epidemic and endemic shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains. | during 1988 the number of shigella dysenteriae type 1 infections reported in the united states increased fivefold. to determine if recent isolates from mexico were related to those that caused epidemics of dysentery worldwide, southern hybridization analysis was done with shiga toxin and ribosomal rna gene probes. western hemisphere and eastern hemisphere strains differed by the size of a single ecori fragment carrying the shiga toxin genes. three ribosomal dna (rdna) patterns were observed, whi ... | 1991 | 1671055 |
| identification of three amino acid residues in the b subunit of shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin type ii that are essential for holotoxin activity. | shiga toxin of shigella dysenteriae type i and shiga-like toxins i and ii (slt-i and slt-ii, respectively) of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli are functionally similar protein cytotoxins. these toxin molecules have a bipartite molecular structure which consists of an enzymatically active a subunit that inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells and an oligomeric b subunit that binds to globotriaosylceramide glycolipid receptors on eukaryotic cells. regionally directed chemical mutagenesis ... | 1991 | 1991714 |
| production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific for enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli of serotypes o157:h7 and o26:h11. | a monoclonal antibody (mab 4e8c12) specific for escherichia coli o157:h7 and o26:h11 was produced by immunizing balb/c mice with a rough strain of e. coli o157:h7. the antibody reacted strongly by a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with each of 36 strains of e. coli o157:h7. no cross-reactivity was observed with strains of salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, shigella dysenteriae, proteus spp., escherichia hermanii, klebsiella pneumoniae, campylobacter jejuni, serratia marcescens, c ... | 1991 | 1993773 |
| synthetic peptides as the basis for vaccine design. | 1991 | 2017193 | |
| unusual association of a plasmid with nalidixic acid resistance in an epidemic strain of shigella dysenteriae type 1 from asia. | the association of a 20-mda plasmid with nalidixic acid resistant (nalr) strains of shigella dysenteriae 1 has been examined. the plasmid, which is readily transferable, does not itself code for nalidixic acid resistance but offers a survival advantage to its host under nalidixic acid stress. the plasmid-containing cultures of s. dynsenteriae 1 produced nalr mutants in vitro at a frequency 1000-fold higher than their plasmidless parent strains, after two exposures to nalidixic acid. using a simi ... | 1991 | 2021898 |
| efficacy of aqueous extract of garlic & allicin in experimental shigellosis in rabbits. | the aqueous extract of garlic (allium sativum) and allicin both showed significant in vitro antibacterial activity against isolates of multiple drug-resistant shigella dysenteriae 1, sh. flexneri y, sh. sonnei and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the aqueous extract and allicin against sh. flexneri y were 5 and 0.4 microliters/ml, respectively. the two agents also showed promising in vivo antibacterial activity against sh. flexneri y when tested in the r ... | 1991 | 2022399 |
| the association of haemagglutination and adhesion with lipopolysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1. | in this study the ability of strains of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 to agglutinate mammalian erythrocytes is attributed to the polysaccharide fraction of bacterial-cell lipopolysaccharide (lps). lps obtained from a rough, mutant strain of s. dysenteriae serotype 1, lacking the o-antigen polysaccharide side-chain, did not agglutinate erythrocytes, clearly demonstrating a link between o-antigen polysaccharides and haemagglutinating activity (ha). strains of s. dysenteriae serotype 1 adhered we ... | 1991 | 2030501 |
| conversion of oral glucose to lactate in dogs. primary site and relative contribution to blood lactate. | we evaluated the relative contribution of oral glucose to arterial lactate and the relative role of the splanchnic bed in converting glucose to lactate in normal healthy dogs. after an oral glucose load (1.2 g/kg) spiked with [u-14c]glucose (16.9 muci/kg; protocol 1, n = 7), arterial blood lactate increased from 0.43 +/- 0.03 mm at basal to a peak of 1.04 +/- 0.07 mm at 45 min and then slowly decreased to 0.47 +/- 0.07 mm at 240 min. arterial blood [14c]lactate peaked at 60 min and then decrease ... | 1991 | 2040389 |
| four decades of shigellosis in israel: epidemiology of a growing public health problem. | despite the improved standard of living in israel, shigellosis remains a common disease. examination of trends in the incidence of shigellosis in israel between 1951 and 1987 showed a period of declining rates followed by an increase in the reported incidence beginning around 1969. this increase was mainly due to shigella sonnei; rates of infection with shigella flexneri remained relatively constant. trends showed marked differences between age groups and between ethnic groups. in comparison, th ... | 1991 | 2041956 |
| shigella dysenteriae type 1--guatemala, 1991. | on march 14, 1991, physicians at a hospital in guatemala city reported to the institute of nutrition of central america and panama (incap) that a 2-year-old boy living in an orphanage in guatemala city had been hospitalized with dysentery; stool cultures yielded shigella dysenteriae type 1. another child from the orphanage had recently died from dysentery. during march 18-21, two other young children from the orphanage were diagnosed with s. dysenteriae type 1. on march 21, health officials in r ... | 1991 | 2046650 |
| epidemiologic aspects of shigellosis and other causes of dysentery in thailand. | nearly 20% of children seen in the outpatient department of children's hospital in bangkok, thailand, for diarrheal disease had bloody diarrhea. shigella species and enteroinvasive escherichia coli--isolated from 13% and 2% of children with diarrhea, respectively--were the most frequent causes of bloody diarrhea. campylobacter species and nontyphoidal salmonella species were also isolated frequently but were much less often associated with bloody diarrhea. shigella species were rarely isolated f ... | 1991 | 2047642 |
| shigellosis in vietnam: seroepidemiologic studies with use of lipopolysaccharide antigens in enzyme immunoassays. | the performance of enzyme immunoassays (eias) with use of o-antigen-containing lipopolysaccharides (lpss) extracted with phenol-water from shigella dysenteriae type 1, shigella flexneri serotypes 1a-5b, and shigella sonnei for determination of the serum antibody responses after onset of bacillary dysentery is reviewed. for the purpose of several studies, serum samples from a total of 175 vietnamese and 47 swedish patients, for whom shigella species had been isolated from fecal specimens, were ob ... | 1991 | 2047643 |
| mortality due to shigellosis: community and hospital data. | almost all fatal cases of shigellosis occur in developing countries, and data on mortality are generally compiled from three sources: investigations of epidemics caused by shigella dysenteriae type 1, surveillance of endemic diarrheal disease, and reports from hospitals. attack rates during epidemics of dysentery due to infection with s. dysenteriae type 1 have ranged from 1% to 33%, and case-fatality rates have ranged from 1% to 7%. in matlab, a rural district in bangladesh, most diarrhea-relat ... | 1991 | 2047645 |
| shiga toxin: purification, structure, and function. | shiga toxin is a potent toxin produced by shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains. the toxin has three biologic activities--cytotoxicity, enterotoxicity, and neurotoxicity--and one known biochemical effect: inhibition of protein synthesis. it consists of two polypeptide chains, an a chain (molecular weight, 32,225) and a b chain (molecular weight, 7,691). these two peptides associate with a stoichiometry of one a and five b subunits to form the holotoxin. the a chain is responsible for the biochemic ... | 1991 | 2047652 |
| digalactosyl-containing glycolipids as cell surface receptors for shiga toxin of shigella dysenteriae 1 and related cytotoxins of escherichia coli. | purified glycolipids containing galactose-alpha(1-4)galactose bind with shiga toxin of shigella dysenteriae 1 and shiga-like toxins of escherichia coli with high specificity in both thin-layer chromatograms and glycolipid-coated microtiter plates. these glycolipids appear to be the natural cell surface receptors for this class of bacterial toxins since artificial glycoconjugates block cytotoxicity as well as binding of 125i-labeled toxin. cell lines lacking these glycolipids are refractory to to ... | 1991 | 2047653 |
| shiga toxin: intestinal cell receptors and pathophysiology of enterotoxic effects. | shiga toxin is enterotoxic in rabbit small bowel and binds to the microvillus membrane (mvm). the toxin exhibits specificity for glycolipids possessing a terminal gal-alpha 1----4gal disaccharide, including the neutral glycolipid gb3 in mvm. gb3, which is developmentally regulated in the rabbit small bowel, is present in very low concentration until the animals reach day 16 of life. in older animals an increase in gb3 content is paralleled by an increase in the ability of mvm to bind toxin, whic ... | 1991 | 2047654 |
| intestinal manifestations of invasive diarrheas and their diagnosis. | data from studies of 916 children with diarrhea, including 122 from whom shigellae were isolated, and data on patients affected in an epidemic due to shigella dysenteriae type i were analyzed to determine whether a diagnostic clinical profile of shigellosis could be identified. blood and/or mucus in stool, increased frequency of stool, abdominal pain, rectal tenesmus, and fever were noted more frequently in patients with shigellosis. the diagnostic confirmation of shigellosis depends on the isol ... | 1991 | 2047655 |
| antimicrobial therapy for shigellosis. | in controlled clinical trials, which were first performed with use of the sulfonamides, antimicrobial agents have been shown to shorten the duration of symptoms and lessen the excretion of pathogens during episodes of shigellosis. not all antimicrobial agents that are active in vitro against shigella are effective in vivo, and efficacy of an agent can only be assessed by properly conducted clinical trials. resistance to both ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the drugs of choice for t ... | 1991 | 2047659 |
| site-specific recombinase genes in three shigella subgroups and nucleotide sequences of a pinb gene and an invertible b segment from shigella boydii. | inversional switching systems in procaryotes are composed of an invertible dna segment and a site-specific recombinase gene adjacent to or contained in the segment. four related but functionally distinct systems have previously been characterized in detail: the salmonella typhimurium h segment-hin gene (h-hin), phage mu g-gin, phage p1 c-cin, and escherichia coli e14 p-pin. in this article we report the isolation and characterization of three new recombinase genes: pinb, pind, and defective pinf ... | 1991 | 2061288 |
| [a provisional serovar of shigella dysenteriae isolated in japan from travellers' diarrhea]. | a bacterial strain was isolated that possessed the biochemical characteristics of shigella dysenteriae but did not belong to any of the established s. dysenteriae serovars, from the feces of a diarrheal case who had travelled to turkey, pakistan, india and thailand for about a month. this strain was invasive to tissue culture cells and gave a positive serény test. preparing antiserum against this strain and examining the antigenic relationship with the established o antigens of shigella and esch ... | 1991 | 2066600 |
| possible mechanisms underlying the slow lactose fermentation phenotype in shigella spp. | a southern hybridization analysis revealed that the region homologous to escherichia coli lacz was present on the chromosomal dnas of beta-galactosidase-positive shigella strains, such as shigella dysenteriae serovar 1 and shigella sonnei strains, whereas this region was absent from chromosomal dnas of beta-galactosidase-negative strains of shigella flexneri and shigella boydii. we found that the lacy-a region was deficient in s. dysenteriae serovar 1 and believe that this is the reason for the ... | 1991 | 1746953 |
| antimicrobial resistance trends of shigellae isolates from calabar, nigeria. | during a 3-year study (january 1986-december 1988), stools of 2200 diarrhoeal or dysenteric patients were examined by culturing and 108 (4.9%) were found positive for shigellae. shigella flexneri was the commonest species isolated (54.6%), followed by sh. dysenteriae (24.1%). patients aged less than or equal to 15 years accounted for 51.4% of cases. shigellae over the 3 years showed high and sometimes rising resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin and cotrimoxazole and complete r ... | 1991 | 1758013 |
| amylin is more potent and more effective than glucagon in raising plasma glucose concentration in fasted, anesthetized rats. | amylin is a 37 amino-acid peptide secreted from the pancreatic beta-cells. it has actions on carbohydrate metabolism in vivo, including elevation of blood glucose. in this study, the hyperglycemic effect of intravenous bolus injections of amylin was compared with similar injections of glucagon in 20-hour fasted rats lightly anesthetized with halothane. administered doses ranged from 0.01 micrograms to 1000 micrograms (about 7 pmol/kg--750 nmol/kg for amylin and 8 pmol/kg--800 pmol/kg for glucago ... | 1991 | 1764079 |
| the pathogenic mechanisms of shiga toxin and the shiga-like toxins. | it is now well documented that some enteric bacteria which cause diarrhoeal and/or dysenteric disease produce, at high levels, one or more of a family of protein toxins referred to as shiga toxin and shiga-like toxins (slts; alternatively called verocytotoxins or vts). within the past few years, there have been considerable advancements made in our understanding of the biochemistry and molecular biology of shiga toxin and slts. however, the precise role of the toxins in mediating colonic disease ... | 1991 | 1766367 |
| nucleotide sequence of the ipabcd structural genes of shigella dysenteriae. | a 9 kb ecori and two psti fragments from the virulence plasmid of shigella dysenteriae cg097 were shown to contain all ipa genes by probing with shigella flexneri ipab, -c, -d and -a gene probes. the dna sequences of s. dysenteriae ipabc genes were very similar to those of s. flexneri m90t and s. flexneri ysh6000, but ipad differed by 22 codons from that of s. flexneri. the differences in ipad may account for the different in vitro host specificities shown by s. dysenteriae and s. flexneri. the ... | 1991 | 1766387 |
| structure of the o-antigen of francisella tularensis strain 15. | the o-specific polysaccharide, obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of francisella tularensis strain 15, contained 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-d-glucose (d-quinac), 4,6-dideoxy-4-formamido-d-glucose (d-qui4nfm), and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galacturonamide (d-galnacan) in the ratios 1:1:2. tri- and tetra-saccharide fragments were obtained on treatment of the polysaccharide with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and partial hydrolysis with 0.1 m hydrochloric acid, respectively. on the b ... | 1991 | 1769021 |
| shigella dysenteriae 60r strain adheres to and invades tissue culture cells in the absence of virulence plasmid. | evidence is presented that a high level shiga toxin-producing strain shigella dysenteriae 60r adheres to and invades the epithelial cell lines hct8 and henle 407. the invasive phenotype of s. dysenteriae 60r differs in four ways from the heretofore studied invasive shigella phenotypes. first, s. dysenteriae 60r lacks the virulence plasmid characteristic of other invasive shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli. second, hybridization studies show that the known ipa genes are neither pre ... | 1991 | 1769541 |
| mosaic trisomy 8 associated with jejunal duplication. | 1991 | 1773546 | |
| rapid purification of hepatitis b virus dna from serum. | we describe two rapid, simple, and reliable procedures for routine purification of hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna from serum. hbv dna could be purified from 24 serum samples in 1.5 to 2 h and was recovered in the initial reaction vessel. both procedures have in common that hbv dna is complexed with silica particles in the chaotropic agent guanidinium thiocyanate (guscn) but differ in lysis conditions and in the conditions used to elute hbv dna from the silica particles after purification of the sil ... | 1991 | 1774300 |
| detection of shiga toxin-producing shigella dysenteriae type 1 and escherichia coli by using polymerase chain reaction with incorporation of digoxigenin-11-dutp. | a technique has been developed for the detection of shiga toxin- and shiga-like toxin type i (sht/slt-i)-producing shigella dysenteriae type 1 and escherichia coli by using the polymerase chain reaction with the incorporation of digoxigenin-11-dutp. target dna liberated from whole cells was amplified, using primer pairs homologous to the a-subunit genes of sht/slt-i. the ttp analog digoxigenin-11-dutp was incorporated into the reaction mixture, permitting nonradioactive labeling of the amplified ... | 1991 | 1774316 |
| environmental signals induce major changes in virulence of shigella spp. | growth conditions play a major role in expression of virulence by shigella spp. both in vitro (adherence and internalization in eukaryotic host cells) and in vivo (keratoconjunctivitis). optimized expression of virulence required anaerobic growth to log phase in particular media such as brain heart infusion broth. kinetic studies of guinea pig eye infections showed that as few as 2 x 10(5) s. dysenteriae cg097 or s. flexneri m90t, grown under these optimized conditions, produced keratoconjunctiv ... | 1991 | 1778444 |
| damage to hepatic thyroxine 5'-deiodination induced by pathogenic factors of keshan disease and the preventive effects of selenium and vitamin e. | experiments were performed to investigate the change of hepatic t4 5'-deiodination and the preventive effects of selenium (se) and vitamin e in rats fed grains from a keshan disease (kd) endemic area. the results showed that consumption of the endemic grain for 8 weeks caused a significant reduction in hepatic t4 5'-monodeiodinase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and a marked enhancement of hepatic malondialdehyde content. these changes could be effectively prevented through se or vitamin ... | 1991 | 1781930 |
| effect of warfarin on early rat tooth development. | rat pups were treated from birth to 5 days of age with the vitamin k antagonist warfarin in order to investigate possible functions of the vitamin k-dependent dentin gla protein (dgp) in tooth development. warfarin completely eliminated the immunocytochemically detectable dgp which is a prominent feature of dentin in control rat pups, and also caused an increased concentration of dgp in odontoblasts. warfarin treatment did not affect the ultrastructure of cells or the extracellular matrix in the ... | 1991 | 1782575 |
| effects of testosterone on the liver of castrated rats: morphologic study. | it is well known that castration in rats causes atrophy of the sexual organs and, to a lesser extent, of other organs. we have observed that castration causes a reduction of the liver weight due to a reduction (-10%) of the numerical density of the hepatocytes after castration (p less than 0.01). testosterone administration at high concentration (2.5 mg/100 g b. wt.) as well as at low concentration (0.025 mg/100 g) in the castrated rats causes an increase of the liver weight due to an increase ( ... | 1991 | 1783042 |
| [the effect of the synergistic action of enterotoxin on the specific protective complex of shigella sonnei]. | the study has first established that enterotoxin enhances the protective potency of s. sonnei specific protective complex. this effect has been revealed both in experiments of the oral immunization of mice and in experiments of the conjunctival immunization of guinea pigs and depends on the dose of enterotoxin used in the experiment. the increase of protection has a specific character. these observations open prospects for further enhancement for the protective properties of s. sonnei specific p ... | 1991 | 1789032 |
| [the culture of discussions and a little bit on the epidemiology of intestinal infections]. | 1991 | 1789044 | |
| ["the modern theoretical and practical concepts of the epidemiology of shigellosis" and the culture of discussions]. | 1991 | 1789045 | |
| furosemide inhibits the centrally-mediated pressor response to clonidine in conscious, normotensive rats. | 1. the effect of furosemide on the pressor response induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of clonidine was investigated in freely moving, normotensive rats with chronically implanted arterial catheters. 2. when injected i.c.v., clonidine at doses of 5 and 10 micrograms produced a dose-dependent pressor response and a decrease in heart rate. no depressor response was induced by clonidine. 3. systemic (i.v.) pretreatment with furosemide (2-10 mg kg-1) increased urine volume and dos ... | 1991 | 1797326 |
| furosemide inhibits the centrally-mediated pressor response to clonidine in conscious, normotensive rats. | 1. the effect of furosemide on the pressor response induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of clonidine was investigated in freely moving, normotensive rats with chronically implanted arterial catheters. 2. when injected i.c.v., clonidine at doses of 5 and 10 micrograms produced a dose-dependent pressor response and a decrease in heart rate. no depressor response was induced by clonidine. 3. systemic (i.v.) pretreatment with furosemide (2-10 mg kg-1) increased urine volume and dos ... | 1991 | 1797326 |
| serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of shigella isolates in singapore. | serogrouping of 506 shigella strains isolated in singapore from 1986 to 1990 showed that shigella flexneri (60.3%) was the most common, followed by s. sonnei (33.6%), s. boydii (3.2%) and s. dysenteriae (3%). of the 23 shigella serotypes identified, the predominant ones were s. flexneri types 2a and 1b, s. boydii types 1 and 5, and s. dysenteriae types 1 and 3. more than 80% of the shigella species were resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug, and the incidence of multiresistance was partic ... | 1991 | 1800565 |
| [clinical effect and laboratory observation of ofloxacin in the treatment of typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery and gonorrhea]. | ofloxacin was used in the treatment of 20 cases of typhoid fever, 32 cases of bacillary dysentery and 50 cases of gonococcal infection. altogether 102 cases were treated, 53 being male and 49 female. the daily dosage was 400 mg to 600 mg, divided into two times. the result showed that the clinical effective rate for typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery and gonococcal infections was 100%, 97% and 94% respectively, while the bacterial eradication rate was 100%, 100% and 94% respectively. the bacteri ... | 1991 | 1806341 |
| changing antibiotic sensitivity patterns in shigellosis. | over five and a half months stool cultures were performed in 154 patients admitted with suspected bacillary dysentery to the professorial paediatric unit of the teaching hospital, galle. thirty one patients had a positive stool culture; shigella dysenteriae type 1 was isolated in 23 patients, and s flexneri in 8. in both groups the antibiotic sensitivity pattern was uniform, the only difference being s dysenteriae type 1 being resistant to nalidixic acid while s flexneri was sensitive. this anti ... | 1991 | 1807844 |
| stereoselective disposition of ibuprofen enantiomers in the isolated perfused rat kidney. | the renal clearance of ibuprofen enantiomer was studied separately in the isolated perfused rat kidney at initial perfusate concentrations of 10 micrograms/ml (n = 4) and 100 micrograms/ml (n = 4). perfusate and urine samples were measured for r(-) and s(+)-ibuprofen using a stereospecific hplc assay; urine samples were also analyzed after alkaline hydrolysis. functional viability of the kidney was assured by determining the fractional excretion of glucose and glomerular filtration rate (gfr) at ... | 1991 | 1808617 |
| [cloning and expression of shiga-toxin gene from shigella dysenteriae type i]. | the chromosomal dna of s. dysenteriae type i w30864 was isolated and digested by ecori. the 3-7 kb dna fragments were recovered and ligated with vector puc-19. after transformation, the recombinants were screened by slt gene probe. the positive clones were obtained. the cloned ecori fragment containing both st-a and st-b subunit gene was about 4.5 kb. the cloned st strain was also detected by hela-s3 cell for cytotoxicity, and detected by rabbit ileal loop test for enterotoxicity. besides, the c ... | 1991 | 1814045 |
| thiourea and methionine effects upon glucose and leucine absorption in chicken jejunum. | administration of a unique dose of thiourea (7 mg per kg b.w.) in the 7th day of life to broiler chickens affects in different manners the jejunal absorption of glucose and that of leucine. methionine supplementation of the fodder (1.5 g per kg) during 40 days affects--in an age-dependent manner--the glucose absorption, but not that of leucine. | 1991 | 1817667 |
| thiourea and methionine effects upon glucose and leucine absorption in chicken jejunum. | administration of a unique dose of thiourea (7 mg per kg b.w.) in the 7th day of life to broiler chickens affects in different manners the jejunal absorption of glucose and that of leucine. methionine supplementation of the fodder (1.5 g per kg) during 40 days affects--in an age-dependent manner--the glucose absorption, but not that of leucine. | 1991 | 1817667 |
| expression of virulence and antibiotic resistance in an escherichia coli transconjugant carrying a large plasmid pcat120 of shigella dysenteriae type i and its spontaneous fragmentations. | the role of a 120-kb plasmid in relation to virulence and drug resistance factor in shigella dysenteriae was studied. for characterization of plasmids, the mating system is a useful and efficient means of transferring both large and small plasmids to a new host. the conjugative transfer of a 120-kb (pcat120) ampicillin-resistant plasmid of s. dysenteriae to e. coli k-12 was not successful. introduction of an e. coli fertility factor plasmid f, did not help to mobilize the plasmid. low transfer f ... | 1991 | 1823646 |
| bacterial endotoxins: comparison of mitogenic, polyclonal, antibody-inducing and toxicity activities. | the mitogenic effects on mouse spleen lymphocytes were determined in a large series of commercially available and laboratory-prepared lipopolysaccharides (lps) obtained from escherichia, salmonella, serratia and shigella species; part of these lps preparations was chemically modified prior to testing. in order to establish whether the degree of mitogenic activity corresponds with other biological effects of these preparations, polyclonal activity, capability to induce specific antibody formation ... | 1991 | 1823655 |
| occupational contact dermatitis due to acrylonitrile. | within dsm chemicals bv, a producer of acrylonitrile, skin complaints are frequent. the majority of these are of an irritant nature, while a smaller portion is based on acquired allergies. allergological examination revealed 5 employees with an allergy to acrylonitrile. 1 of these subjects also developed paraesthesiae in the skin sites affected, a finding not previously described for acrylonitrile. in the guinea pig maximization test (gpmt), acrylonitrile showed strong allergenic potential. for ... | 1991 | 1828409 |
| occupational contact dermatitis due to acrylonitrile. | within dsm chemicals bv, a producer of acrylonitrile, skin complaints are frequent. the majority of these are of an irritant nature, while a smaller portion is based on acquired allergies. allergological examination revealed 5 employees with an allergy to acrylonitrile. 1 of these subjects also developed paraesthesiae in the skin sites affected, a finding not previously described for acrylonitrile. in the guinea pig maximization test (gpmt), acrylonitrile showed strong allergenic potential. for ... | 1991 | 1828409 |
| the nature and importance of the inter-epsilon chain disulfide bonds in human ige. | ige antibodies are best known for their pathological role in allergy. the class-specific effector sites are located in the epsilon chains; these form covalent dimers via two cystine residues (cys241 and cys328) linking opposite c epsilon 2 domains. the nature and biological significance of the inter-epsilon chain disulfide-bond arrangement is unresolved. for structural and functional analysis site-specific mutations were introduced into the c epsilon 2 domain of recombinant human ige. the introd ... | 1991 | 1828428 |
| the nature and importance of the inter-epsilon chain disulfide bonds in human ige. | ige antibodies are best known for their pathological role in allergy. the class-specific effector sites are located in the epsilon chains; these form covalent dimers via two cystine residues (cys241 and cys328) linking opposite c epsilon 2 domains. the nature and biological significance of the inter-epsilon chain disulfide-bond arrangement is unresolved. for structural and functional analysis site-specific mutations were introduced into the c epsilon 2 domain of recombinant human ige. the introd ... | 1991 | 1828428 |
| molecular epidemiology of shigella infections: plasmid profiles, serotype correlation, and restriction endonuclease analysis. | plasmid isolation was used to refine the epidemiologic analysis for 168 shigellosis cases in pima county, ariz. plasmids of less than 20 kb were used for comparison of plasmid profiles. plasmid patterns for each species were distinct. a total of 57 of 74 (77%) shigella flexneri strains could be placed into seven plasmid patterns, 70 of 79 (89%) shigella sonnei strains could be placed into seven patterns, 12 shigella boydii strains could be placed into six patterns, and each of 3 shigella dysente ... | 1991 | 1847148 |
| high blood pressure during pregnancy and working conditions among hospital personnel. | the relationship between working conditions and high blood pressure during pregnancy was analysed in a sample of 621 women hospital employees in the paris region over the period 1979-1981. data were collected by interviews during the routine medical visit at the end of postnatal leave. women who had to work standing up for extended periods of time, who had to carry heavy loads or who had to perform heavy cleaning tasks had high blood pressure during their pregnancy more often than women not expo ... | 1991 | 1855606 |
| prospective hospital based study on persistent diarrhoea. | a total of 383 children aged less than 5 years suffering from acute watery diarrhoea or dysentery were studied in hospital to determine the rate of persistent diarrhoea. altogether 335 (87.5%) recovered within 13 days. only in 48 (12.5%) did the diarrhoea continue for 14 days or more, and they were considered as having persistent diarrhoea. children aged between 7 and 18 months had a significantly increased incidence of persistent diarrhoea. children suffering from grade ii-iv malnutrition const ... | 1991 | 1855686 |
| intestinal obstruction during shigellosis: incidence, clinical features, risk factors, and outcome. | to determine the incidence and outcome of intestinal obstruction during shigellosis, the authors assessed 1211 consecutive patients with shigellosis admitted during a 15-month period to a diarrhea treatment center in dhaka, bangladesh. obstruction was identified in 30 (2.5%) patients. ten (33.3%) of these patients died, compared with 97 (8.2%) of the 1181 patients without obstructions (p less than 0.001; rr = 4.1). in a case-control study, patients with obstructions were compared with 30 control ... | 1991 | 1860627 |
| shigellosis. | 1991 | 1861289 | |
| haemolytic uraemic syndrome in children. | of the 4070 children admitted in the department of paediatrics, 830 (24%) presented with diarrhoea. eleven of these had haemolytic ureamic syndrome (hus) characterised by microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. only 3 had positive stool cultures (e. coli 2, shigella dysenteriae 1). two children expired while the rest recovered with conservative management and peritoneal dialysis. thus hus should be remembered as a complication of diarrhoea and a cause of ac ... | 1991 | 1861343 |
| human serum stimulates endothelin-1 synthesis more potently than prostacyclin production by cultured vascular endothelial cells. | human serum stimulated the synthesis of a vasoconstrictive peptide, endothelin-1 (et-1), and a vasodilatory prostanoid, prostacyclin (pgi2), by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. incubation in 20% concentration of the serum for 24 h stimulated et-1 synthesis almost six-fold while pgi2 production increased two-fold. in addition, a tumor-promoting phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma), inhibited the serum-induced et-1 produ ... | 1991 | 1865754 |
| [two biotin-labeled probes of gentamicin resistance genes]. | a 2.0 kb bamhi-hindiii fragment of pdg0103 from australia containing gentamicin 2"-o-adenylytransferase [ant(2")] gene and a 4.9 kb psti-ecori fragment of pby102 were recovered from low-temperature-melting agarose by the slot method. both fragments were labeled with biotin-7-datp by nick translation with a commercial kit. the result of colony and southern hybridization was that: the 2.0 kb probe from australia hybridized with that containing ant(2") from america, while no hybridization occurred ... | 1991 | 1866941 |