Publications

roles of glutamate synthase, gltbd, and gltf in nitrogen metabolism of escherichia coli and klebsiella aerogenes.	mutants of escherichia coli and klebsiella aerogenes that are deficient in glutamate synthase (glutamate-oxoglutarate amidotransferase [gogat]) activity have difficulty growing with nitrogen sources other than ammonia. two models have been proposed to account for this inability to grow. one model postulated an imbalance between glutamine synthesis and glutamine degradation that led to a repression of the ntr system and the subsequent failure to activate transcription of genes required for the us ...	2001	11673431
pcr analyses of trna intergenic spacer, 16s-23s internal transcribed spacer, and randomly amplified polymorphic dna reveal inter- and intraspecific relationships of enterobacter cloacae strains.	pcr analysis of trna intergenic spacer (tdna-pcr) and of the 16s-23s internal transcribed spacer (its-pcr) and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis were evaluated for their usefulness in characterization of enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from both clinical origins and vaccine microbial contamination. tdna-pcr presented specific and reproducible patterns for enterobacter sakazakii atcc 29004, enterobacter aerogenes atcc 13048, and enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047 and 23355 that ...	2001	11682499
new pyridoquinoline derivatives as potential inhibitors of the fluoroquinolone efflux pump in resistant enterobacter aerogenes strains.	enterobacter aerogenes, one of the most frequently isolated nosocomial pathogens in france, is exhibiting increasing multidrug resistance mechanisms associated with a change in membrane permeability. for drugs of the quinolone family, mutations in the target and active efflux play a prominent role in the resistance. we report here the effect of several pyridoquinoline derivatives that restore a noticeable fluoroquinolone accumulation to resistant strains that overexpress the mara activator. stud ...	2001	11689091
benzoate fermentation by the anaerobic bacterium syntrophus aciditrophicus in the absence of hydrogen-using microorganisms.	the anaerobic bacterium syntrophus aciditrophicus metabolized benzoate in pure culture in the absence of hydrogen-utilizing partners or terminal electron acceptors. the pure culture of s. aciditrophicus produced approximately 0.5 mol of cyclohexane carboxylate and 1.5 mol of acetate per mol of benzoate, while a coculture of s. aciditrophicus with the hydrogen-using methanogen methanospirillum hungatei produced 3 mol of acetate and 0.75 mol of methane per mol of benzoate. the growth yield of the ...	2001	11722901
shellac formulations to reduce epiphytic survival of coliform bacteria on citrus fruit postharvest.	survival of the coliform bacteria enterobacter aerogenes and escherichia coli was monitored in a neutral carboxymethylcellulose formulation and in shellac formulations with various ph and concentrations of ethanol and the preservative paraben; populations were subsequently measured from the surface of citrus fruit coated with these formulations. numbers of the two bacteria increased over 24 h from 10(6) cfu/ml to approximately 10(8) cfu/ml in the carboxymethylcellulose solution, but over this ti ...	2001	11726155
quantification and variability analysis of bacterial cross-contamination rates in common food service tasks.	this study investigated bacterial transfer rates between hands and other common surfaces involved in food preparation in the kitchen. nalidixic acid-resistant enterobacter aerogenes b199a was used as a surrogate microorganism to follow the cross-contamination events. samples from at least 30 different participants were collected to determine the statistical distribution of each cross-contamination rate and to quantify the natural variability associated with that rate. the transfer rates among ha ...	2001	11198444
evaluation of ppk-specified polyphosphate as a mercury remedial tool.	to evaluate the utility of polyphosphate kinase gene (ppk)-specified polyphosphate in mercury remediation, a fusion plasmid, pmk27, with ppk from klebsiella aerogenes and mercury transport genes, mert and merp, from pseudomonas k-62, was constructed. the transcription and translation of ppk, mert and merp were found to be mercury-inducible. the ppk-specified polyphosphate was identified in cells preinduced by hg2+, but not in cells without mercury induction, suggesting that the synthesis of poly ...	2001	11767115
comparative in vitro activity of isepamicin and other antibiotics against gram-negative bacilli from intensive care units (icu) in belgium.	the in vitro activity of isepamicin was compared to that of amikacin, gentamicin, cefepime, ciprofloxacin and meropenem against gram-negative bacilli isolated from patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (icu) of 11 belgian university or general hospitals between november 1998 and july 1999. the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) for 1087 non-duplicate, consecutive aerobic gram-negative isolates, including 798 enterobacteriaceae and 289 non-fermenters, were determined by e-test for ...	2001	11774843
relationship between teat-end callosity and occurrence of clinical mastitis.	a longitudinal study in 15 herds, with a total of 2157 cows, was conducted to examine the relationship between teat-end callosity (tec) and the incidence of clinical mastitis. during the 1.5-yr study period, clinical mastitis was diagnosed by the farmers based on clinical signs. teat-end callosity was scored every month according to a teat-end callosity classification system, which discriminates between teat-end callosity thickness (tect) and roughness (tecr). differences in tect between healthy ...	2001	11814022
antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory isolates of enterobacteriaceae and staphylococcus aureus in italy: incidence and trends over the period 1997-1999.	the antibiotic susceptibility of members of the family enterobacteriaceae and of staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the respiratory tract was assessed over the period 1997-1999 as part of the italian epidemiological observatory survey sponsored by the smith-kline foundation. a standardised method was used to determine the mics of 22 antibiotics against isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae (n=870), escherichia coli (n=684), enterobacter cloacae (n=342), enterobacter aerogenes (n=187) and se ...	2001	11837636
rapid identification of ralstonia eutropha strain ch34 using monoclonal antibodies.	ralstonia eutropha strain ch34 (formerly alcaligenes eutrophus ch34) is an aerobic gram-negative and facultative chemolithotrophic bacteria with plasmid-bound resistance to heavy metals. the presence of ralstonia eutropha strain ch34 is an indication of environmental heavy metals pollution. the major purpose of this work was to produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the metal transport outer membrane proteins. in this way, bacteria outer membranes, grown with or without iron, were purified ...	2001	11839250
[purification and properties of chitinase from enterobacter aerogenes].	a bacterium producing chitinase was isolated from the dead body of gymephorap ruoergensis. a chitinase was isolated from the culture of e. aerogenes and purified by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation, deae-cellulose column chromatography, and sephadex g-100 column gel filtration. the purified chitinase showed homogeneity on the native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. its molecular weight was estimated to be about 42.5 kd by sds-page. the optimum ph and temperature for hydrolysis of chiti ...	2001	12549194
[total and fecal coliforms, some enterobacteria staphylococcus sp. and moulds in salads for hot dogs sold in maracay, venezuela].	fast food sold on the streets are good vehicle to transmit gastrointestinal diseases to consumers because they are highly manipulated. the vegetables are a good media for pathogens growth. raw vegetables salads for hot dog sold in maracay were studied. total and fecal coliforms and staphylococcus sp. were quantified by the most probable number technique, coliforms and staphylococcus isolated were partially identified. also the mould population was quantified and identified. microbial growth was ...	2001	12012562
h(2)o(2) produced by viridans group streptococci may contribute to inhibition of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus colonization of oral cavities in newborns.	in an accompanying report, we showed that viridans group streptococci may prevent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) colonization of the oral cavities of newborns. in the present study, we investigated the mechanism of prevention in vitro. most viridans group streptococci had bacteriocin-like activity and killed mrsa, burkholderia cepacia, enterobacter aerogenes, and pseudomonas aeruginosa; however, escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, and candida albicans were resistant. the ...	2001	11317240
evidence of in vivo transfer of a plasmid encoding the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase tem-24 and other resistance factors among different members of the family enterobacteriaceae.	the epidemiological study of several multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolated from five patients demonstrated in vivo dissemination of a 100-kb plasmid encoding the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase tem-24 from a clonal strain of enterobacter aerogenes to different strains of klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, proteus mirabilis, and serratia marcescens.	2001	11326030
in vitro activities of ertapenem (mk-0826) against recent clinical bacteria collected in europe and australia.	ertapenem (mk-0826, l-749,345) is a 1-beta-methyl carbapenem with a long serum half-life. its in vitro activity was determined by broth microdilution against 3,478 bacteria from 12 centers in europe and australia, with imipenem, cefepime, ceftriaxone, and piperacillin-tazobactam used as comparators. ertapenem was the most active agent tested against members of the family enterobacteriaceae, with mics at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (mic(90)s) of < or =1 microg/ml for all species. ertapene ...	2001	11353638
changes in the disintegration properties of some brands of paracetamol tablets inoculated with four bacterial species.	four most common brands of paracetamol (4-aceta-midophenol) tablets were examined for the changes in their disintegration properties after inoculation with staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, klebsiella aerogenes and pseudomonas aeruginosa and incubating for 5 weeks. the disintegration times varied from one brand to the other, reaching maximum values of 72 min., 82 min., 110 min. and 120 min. for s. aureus, b. cereus, p. aeruginosa and klebsiella aerogenes, respectively. all brands of parace ...	2001	11370281
coexistence of shv-4- and tem-24-producing enterobacter aerogenes strains before a large outbreak of tem-24-producing strains in a french hospital.	in 1996, a monitoring program was initiated at the teaching hospital of amiens, france, and carried out for 3 years. all extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacter aerogenes isolates recovered from clinical specimens were collected for investigation of their epidemiological relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus pcr (eric-pcr) and determination of the type of esbl harbored by isoelectric focusing and dna sequencing. ...	2001	11376055
phenotypic variability of beta-glucoside utilization and its correlation to pathogenesis process in a few enteric bacteria.	utilization of beta-glucosides is markedly variable in the members of the family enterobacteriaceae. the results presented here provide molecular clues for evolutionary events that resulted in the phenotypic variability seen amongst the members of these species. the genomic hybridization of selected enterobacteriaceae members with the escherichia coli bgl and cel genes resulted in detection of a complete homolog of the bgl and cel operons in shigella sonnei, a member that is evolutionarily close ...	2001	11377874
efficiency of cefepime in postoperative meningitis attributable to enterobacter aerogenes.		2001	11379596
glove barriers to bacterial cross-contamination between hands to food.	human hands are an important source of microbial contamination of foods. however, published data on the effectiveness of handwashing and glove use in a foodservice setting are limited. bacterial transfer through foodservice quality gloves was quantified using nalidixic acid-resistant enterobacter aerogenes (a nonpathogenic surrogate with attachment characteristics similar to salmonella). five transfer rates were determined: chicken to bare hand, chicken to hand through gloves, bare hand to lettu ...	2001	11403136
[isolation and characterization of injured coliforms from the drinking water distribution network of la plata, argentina].	we screened the la plata drinking water distribution network for fecal and total coliform bacterial indicator by purification procedures, cultivating 66 membrane-filtered samples from the two networks on m-t7 agar. subterranean and river-derived water yielded 13 and 18 confirmed gram-negative bacillus isolates, with 54% and 72% representing total coliforms, respectively. those from the former source were klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter agglomerans, and enterobacter aerogenes and from the latter ...	2001	11407022
phylogenetic analyses of klebsiella species delineate klebsiella and raoultella gen. nov., with description of raoultella ornithinolytica comb. nov., raoultella terrigena comb. nov. and raoultella planticola comb. nov.	the phylogenetic relationships of the type strains of 9 klebsiella species and 20 species from 11 genera of the family enterobacteriaceae were investigated by performing a comparative analysis of the sequences of the 16s rrna and rpob genes. the sequence data were phylogenetically analysed by the neighbourjoining and parsimony methods. the phylogenetic inference of the sequence comparison confirmed that the genus klebsiella is heterogeneous and composed of species which form three clusters that ...	2001	11411716
two-dimensional electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting of bacterial outer membrane proteins.	many bacterial outer membrane proteins (omps) are missing from two-dimensional (2-d) gel proteome maps. recently, we developed a technique for 2-d electrophoresis (2-de) of escherichia coli omps using alkaline ph incubation for isolation of omps, followed by improved solubilization conditions for array by 2-de using immobilized ph gradients. in this report, we expanded our study, examining protein components from the outer membranes of two enteric bacteria, salmonella typhimurium and klebsiella ...	2001	11425224
comparative in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin in a north american surveillance study.	the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, was compared to three marketed fluoroquinolones; ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin against over 4,000 recent clinical isolates covering 29 species isolated in the united states and canada between 1997-1999. based on mic(90)s, gemifloxacin was the most potent fluoroquinolone tested against a majority of gram-positive isolates: streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin resistant s. pneumoniae, macrolide resistant s. pneumoniae, cipro ...	2001	11448564
a new mechanism of antibiotic resistance in enterobacteriaceae induced by a structural modification of the major porin.	in enterobacter aerogenes, multidrug resistance involves a decrease in outer membrane permeability associated with changes in an as yet uncharacterized porin. we purified the major porin from the wild-type strain and a resistant strain. we characterized this porin, which was found to be an ompc/ompf-like protein and analysed its pore-forming properties in lipid bilayers. the porin from the resistant strain was compared with the wild-type protein and we observed (i) that its single-channel conduc ...	2001	11454211
oxidation of phenolate siderophores by the multicopper oxidase encoded by the escherichia coli yack gene.	a gene (yack) encoding a putative multicopper oxidase (mco) was cloned from escherichia coli, and the expressed enzyme was demonstrated to exhibit phenoloxidase and ferroxidase activities. the purified protein contained six copper atoms per polypeptide chain and displayed optical and electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectra consistent with the presence of type 1, type 2, and type 3 copper centers. the strong optical a(610) (e(610) = 10,890 m(-1) cm(-1)) and copper stoichiometry were taken a ...	2001	11466290
resistance to antibiotics in injured coliforms isolated from drinking water.	we studied the antibiotic sensitivity of injured coliforms isolated from drinking water of la plata, argentina. the antibiotic sensitivity test by the agar diffusion method were proved in: klebsiella oxytoca (14 strains), enterobacter aerogenes (4 strains) and enterobacter cloacae genomic group 3 (14 strains). we found that while these impaired total coliforms were sensitive to piperacillin-tazobactam (taz), netilmicin (ntl), ofloxacin (oflx), and norfloxacin (nflx) (100%), they had resistant to ...	2001	11471826
uv raman spectral intensities of e. coli and other bacteria excited at 228.9, 244.0, and 248.2 nm.	resonance raman spectral intensities per average bacterial cell have been measured quantitatively for gram-negative escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, and enterobacter aerogenes, as well as gram-positive bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus epidermidis. spectra have been obtained from cultures in the lag, log, and stationary growth phases excited in turn by 228.9, 244.0, and 248.2 nm light. although raman spectral peak positions (cm(-1)) excited by a given wavelength are very similar for al ...	2001	11476245
etiologies of the urinary tract infections in a yemeni city.	to determine the causative agents of urinary tract infection in yemeni patients in sana'a city, and to determine the antibiotic susceptibilities of these agents in vitro.	2001	11479641
multiple organ failure in septic patients.	multiple organ failure (mof) is the main cause of death in icus, especially affecting septic patients. it is strongly related to number of systems with failure, type of system involved, risk factors such as age, previous chronic diseases, delayed or inadequate resuscitation, persistent infection, immune suppression, and others. the prognoses is worse for patients rather than in elective or emergency surgical patients. the objective of this article is to provide data from our university teaching ...	2001	11506772
catabolite repression of the citrate fermentation genes in klebsiella pneumoniae: evidence for involvement of the cyclic amp receptor protein.	klebsiella pneumoniae is able to grow anaerobically with citrate as a sole carbon and energy source by a fermentative pathway involving the na(+)-dependent citrate carrier cits, citrate lyase, and oxaloacetate decarboxylase. the corresponding genes are organized in the divergent citc and cits operons, whose expression is strictly dependent on the citrate-sensing cita-citb two-component system. evidence is provided here that the citrate fermentation genes are subject to catabolite repression, sin ...	2001	11514506
complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the atrazine catabolic plasmid padp-1 from pseudomonas sp. strain adp.	the complete 108,845-nucleotide sequence of catabolic plasmid padp-1 from pseudomonas sp. strain adp was determined. plasmid padp-1 was previously shown to encode atza, atzb, and atzc, which catalyze the sequential hydrolytic removal of s-triazine ring substituents from the herbicide atrazine to yield cyanuric acid. computational analyses indicated that padp-1 encodes 104 putative open reading frames (orfs), which are predicted to function in catabolism, transposition, and plasmid maintenance, t ...	2001	11544232
novel gene cassettes and integrons.	an increase in multiresistant enterobacteriaceae was observed at one of the departments of the university medical center utrecht. nine different integrons and 17 gene cassettes were found, including the new gene cassette aada8. this cassette was highly related to aada3 and aada2. in addition, an unknown promoter sequence was found for two integrons.	2001	11557503
a matter of bacterial life and death.	over 50 years ago, standard microbiological methods were established for determining whether bacterial cells were dead or alive. recently there has been a flurry of reports suggesting that bacteria may exist in an eclipsed state, escaping detection by standard methods. whether there really is such a state is of more than academic interest, considering the implications for public health. the ensuing debate has been unusually energetic for the normally cultured community of microbiologists.	2001	11559589
electrochemical biosensor array for the identification of microorganisms based on lectin-lipopolysaccharide recognition.	rapid identification of bacterial strains remains a well-known problem in applied medicine and, for viable pathogens, is an important diagnostic goal. we have investigated an electrochemical biosensor array, in which transduction is based on respiratory cycle activity measurements, where the microorganism's native respiratory chain is interrupted with non-native external oxidants. the selective biochemical recognition agents employed in this study are lectins that, once immobilized, recognize an ...	2001	11569815
crystal structure of klebsiella aerogenes uree, a nickel-binding metallochaperone for urease activation.	uree is proposed to be a metallochaperone that delivers nickel ions to urease during activation of this bacterial virulence factor. wild-type klebsiella aerogenes uree binds approximately six nickel ions per homodimer, whereas h144uree (a functional c-terminal truncated variant) was previously reported to bind two. we determined the structure of h144uree by multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction and refined it to 1.5 a resolution. the present structure reveals an hsp40-like peptide-binding dom ...	2001	11591723
[utility of prolonged incubation and terminal subcultures of blood cultures from immunocompromised patients].	the value of blind terminal subcultures (7 and 30 days) and prolonged incubation (30 days) of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients was analyzed in the fundación favaloro, the fundación para la lucha contra las enfermedades neurológicas de la infancia and the hospital de niños ricardo gutiérrez. a total of 2707 blood cultures and 369 patients were included (transplantation of solid organs 154, oncohematologic disorders 106 and solid tumors 109). bact-alert bottles were incubated at 35 de ...	2001	11594009
dual effects of ionic strength on klebsiella aerogenes urease: ph-dependent activation and inhibition.		2001	11594743
[spread of enterobacteriaceae producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamase and the development of their incidence over a 16-month period in a university hospital center].	enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esble) constitute with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus the main multiresistant bacteria recovered in french hospitals. our objectives were to evaluate these esble diffusion in our teaching hospital and to follow their incidence during a 16-month period, whereas a control programme (barrier precautions) had been implemented in the beginning of 1999. this study was conducted in a teaching hospital containing 1800 beds, fro ...	2001	11642012
regulation of carbon and electron flow in clostridium butyricum vpi 3266 grown on glucose-glycerol mixtures.	the metabolism of clostridium butyricum was manipulated at ph 6.5 and in phosphate-limited chemostat culture by changing the overall degree of reduction of the substrate using mixtures of glucose and glycerol. cultures grown on glucose alone produced only acids (acetate, butyrate, and lactate) and a high level of hydrogen. in contrast, when glycerol was metabolized, 1,3-propanediol became the major product, the specific rate of acid formation decreased, and a low level of hydrogen was observed. ...	2001	11160107
the mtl genes and the mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase from klebsiella pneumoniae kay2026.	the mtl operon of klebsiella pneumoniae kay2026 (formerly aerobacter aerogenes 1033-5p14) was shown to contain as the promoter-proximal gene mtla, encoding a d-mannitol-specific enzyme ii transporter (iicba(mtl)). this gene is followed by mtld, coding for a mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mtld, 382 amino acid residues), and mtlr (mtlr, 195 amino acid residues) coding for a putative repressor, gene mtlr overlaps the termination codon of mtld. the dna and protein sequences are highly similar t ...	2001	11164312
intra- and inter-generic plasmid-mediated spread of cephalosporin and aminoglycoside resistance amongst klebsiella aerogenes k41 and other enterobacteria.	klebsiella aerogenes k41, resistant to third generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, was isolated from clinical samples of 153 in-patients. blood cultures accounted for 24 (15.7%) of isolates. the mic(90) of ceftazidime for the isolates of 84 patients was >512 mg/l and was reduced to 2.0 by 4 mg/l of clavulanic acid, but only to 64 by 4 mg/l of sulbactam. isolates of k. aerogenes k41 produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) shv-5 and tem-1, identified by isoelectric focusing. plas ...	2001	11165116
role for outer membrane cytochromes omca and omcb of shewanella putrefaciens mr-1 in reduction of manganese dioxide.	shewanella putrefaciens mr-1 can use a wide variety of terminal electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration, including certain insoluble manganese and iron oxides. to examine whether the outer membrane (om) cytochromes of mr-1 play a role in mn(iv) and fe(iii) reduction, mutants lacking the om cytochrome omca or omcb were isolated by gene replacement. southern blotting and pcr confirmed replacement of the omca and omcb genes, respectively, and reverse transcription-pcr analysis demonstrated los ...	2001	11133454
antimicrobial properties of garlic oil against human enteric bacteria: evaluation of methodologies and comparisons with garlic oil sulfides and garlic powder.	the antimicrobial effects of aqueous garlic extracts are well established but those of garlic oil (go) are little known. methodologies for estimating the antimicrobial activity of go were assessed and go, go sulfide constituents, and garlic powder (gp) were compared in tests against human enteric bacteria. test methodologies were identified as capable of producing underestimates of go activity. antimicrobial activity was greater in media lacking tryptone or cysteine, suggesting that, as for alli ...	2001	11133485
urea utilization in the phototrophic bacterium rhodobacter capsulatus is regulated by the transcriptional activator ntrc.	the phototrophic nonsulfur purple bacterium rhodobacter capsulatus can use urea as a sole source of nitrogen. three transposon tn5-induced mutations (xan-9, xan-10, and xan-19), which led to a ure(-) phenotype, were mapped to the uref and urec genes, whereas two other tn5 insertions (xan-20 and xan-22) were located within the ntrc and ntrb genes, respectively. as in klebsiella aerogenes and other bacteria, the genes encoding urease (ureabc) and the genes required for assembly of the nickel metal ...	2001	11133958
in vitro susceptibility of nosocomial isolates against a new aminoglycoside isepamicin.	isepamicin is a new aminoglycoside with a spectrum of activity similar to amikacin with an advantage of possessing a high level of stability against different aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. the in vitro susceptibility of nosocomial isolates obtained from patients admitted to the all india institute of medical sciences, new delhi during october-december, 1999 was tested against isepamicin and compared with other aminoglycosides.	2001	21910285
microbial hydrogen production from sweet potato starch residue.	clostridium butyricum could produce hydrogen from a sweet potato starch residue upon supplementation of nitrogen sources. a repeated batch culture using a mixed culture of c. butyricum and enterobacter aerogenes produced hydrogen with a yield of 2.4 mol h2/mol glucose under a controlled culture ph of 5.25 in a medium consisting of the sweet potato starch residue and 0.1% polypepton without addition of any reducing agents. rhodobacter sp. m-19 produced hydrogen from the supernatant of the culture ...	2001	16232947
acid phosphatase/phosphotransferases from enteric bacteria.	we have investigated the enzymatic phosphorylation of nucleosides and found that morganella morganii phoc acid phosphatase exhibits regioselective pyrophosphate (pp(i))-nucleoside phosphotransferase activity. in this study, we isolated genes encoding an acid phosphatase with regioselective phosphotransferase activity (ap/ptase) from providencia stuartii, enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia blattae and klebsiella planticola, and compared the primary structures and enzymatic characteristics of the ...	2001	16233057
development of a sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting and quantifying cmy-2 and shv beta-lactamases.	polyclonal rabbit antibodies against shv-1 and cmy-2 beta-lactamases were produced and characterized, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were developed. immunoblots revealed that the anti-shv-1 antibody recognized shv-1 but did not recognize tem-1, k-1, oxa-1, or any ampc beta-lactamase tested. the anti-cmy-2 antibody detected escherichia coli cmy-2, enterobacter cloacae p99, klebsiella pneumoniae act-1, and the ampc beta-lactamases of enterobacter aerogenes, morganella morganii, an ...	2002	12037047
susceptibility of enterobacteriaceae to beta-lactam agents and fluoroquinolones: a 3-year survey in france.	to assess trends in the susceptibility to beta-lactam agents and to fluoroquinolones of clinically relevant enterobacteriaceae isolated over a 3-year period in 14 french hospital laboratories.	2002	12047412
inhibitors of antibiotic efflux pump in resistant enterobacter aerogenes strains.	enterobacter aerogenes, a nosocomial pathogen, is frequently exhibiting multidrug resistance mechanisms associated with a change in membrane permeability. in clinical isolates, active efflux plays a prominent role in antibiotic resistance. we report here the effect of three unrelated compounds that are able to restore a noticeable antibiotic susceptibility to resistant strains. the targeting of various parameters which contribute to the efficacy of the efflux mechanism, such as energy, flux sele ...	2002	12054665
[yearly changes in antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates between 1996 and 2000--ii. gram-negative bacteria].	the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates obtained between 1996 and 2000 were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, and carbapenems. thirty-two species 2,697 strains of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinical materials annually collected from january to december, and consisted of moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis (n = 125), escherichia coli (n = 250), citrobacter freu ...	2002	12071094
use of carbon and energy balances in the study of the anaerobic metabolism of enterobacter aerogenes at variable starting glucose concentrations.	the anaerobic metabolism of enterobacter aerogenes was studied in batch culture at increasing initial glucose levels (9.0< s(o) <72 g l(-1)). the ultimate concentrations of fermentation products were utilized to check a metabolic flux analysis based on simple carbon mass and energy balances that promise to be suitable for the study of different fermentation processes, either under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. the stoichiometric coefficients of products collected at increasing starting glucos ...	2002	12111162
three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship and comparative molecular field analysis of dipeptide hydroxamic acid helicobacter pylori urease inhibitors.	a homology model of helicobacter pylori urease was developed by using the crystal structure of urease from klebsiella aerogenes (ec 3.5.1.5) as a template. the acetohydroxamic acid moiety was docked into the active pocket of the enzyme model, followed by relaxation of the complex by use of molecular dynamics. the resulting conformation was used as a template to construct 24 potential dipeptide hydroxamic acid inhibitors with which comparative molecular field analysis (comfa) was performed. the r ...	2002	12121941
the acrab-tolc efflux pump contributes to multidrug resistance in the nosocomial pathogen enterobacter aerogenes.	we identified the genes encoding the acra-acrb-tolc efflux pump in enterobacter aerogenes and constructed acrab and tolc mutants from a multidrug-resistant isolate. both derivatives were more susceptible to antibiotics than the parental strain. sequence analysis and complementation experiments revealed that the multidrug-resistant isolate is an acrr mutant.	2002	12121946
but-1: a new member in the chromosomal inducible class c beta-lactamases family from a clinical isolate of buttiauxella sp.	an atypical enterobacteriaceae strain with a beta-lactam susceptibility pattern of inducible cephalosporinase was isolated in tenon hospital (paris, france) from a patient's skull wound infection. identifications by the api-50che biochemical system and 16s rrna gene sequencing concluded that it was a member of the buttiauxella genus. the bla gene was cloned and sequenced. the deduced translated product was a 383-amino acid protein (but-1) with 75-78% identity with the chromosomal ampc beta-lacta ...	2002	12127496
helicobacter pylori may survive ampicillin treatment in the remnant stomach.	helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) is a gram-negative curved rod-like or spiral bacterium that chronically infects the human gastric mucosa, and is a major risk factor for gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer and adenocarcinoma of the stomach. after partial gastrectomy, some patients may have persistent h. pylori infection for five years or more. in this study, we detected three bacteria, i.e., klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter aerogenes, and escherichia coli, in the gastric juice of patients wi ...	2002	12139018
dna analysis of nosocomial infection by enterobacter aerogenes in three cases of septicaemia in japan.	ceftazidime-resistant enterobacter aerogenes was isolated from blood cultures of three patients with fever. dna analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribosomal rna gene restriction digest pattern analysis revealed that the strains were clonally similar to each other with a 79.3-96.0% homology. the same strain of e. aerogenes was isolated from a three-way stopcock connected to the indwelling catheter in one of the patients at a concentration of 45 cfu/ml. a similar strain was also i ...	2002	12144802
effectiveness of electrolyzed water as a sanitizer for treating different surfaces.	the effectiveness of electrolyzed (eo) water at killing enterobacter aerogenes and staphylococcus aureus in pure culture was evaluated. one milliliter (approximately 10(9) cfu/ml) of each bacterium was subjected to 9 ml of eo water or control water (eo water containing 10% neutralizing buffer) at room temperature for 30 s. inactivation (reduction of > 9 log10 cfu/ ml) of both pathogens occurred within 30 s after exposure to eo water containing approximately 25 or 50 mg of residual chlorine per l ...	2002	12182480
method for estimation of low outer membrane permeability to beta-lactam antibiotics.	the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria plays a major role in beta-lactam resistance as it slows down antibiotic entry into the periplasm and therefore acts in synergy with beta-lactamases and efflux systems. up to now, the quantitative estimation of low outer membrane permeability by the method of zimmermann and rosselet was difficult because of the secreted and cell surface-associated beta-lactamases. the method presented here uses the acylation of a highly sensitive periplasmic penicilli ...	2002	12183245
risk factors for infection and molecular typing in patients in the intensive care unit colonized with nosocomial enterobacter aerogenes.	to determine the frequency of colonization by enterobacter aerogenes in patients in the intensive care unit (icu) for more than 48 hours and to evaluate the risk factors for infection in patients colonized by this bacteria.	2002	12186211
prba, a gene coding for an esterase hydrolyzing parabens in enterobacter cloacae and enterobacter gergoviae strains.	the new gene prba encodes an esterase responsible for the hydrolysis of the ester bond of parabens in enterobacter cloacae strain em. this gene is located on the chromosome of strain em and was cloned by several pcr approaches. the prba gene codes for an immature protein of 533 amino acids, the first 31 of which represent a proposed signal peptide yielding a mature protein of a putative molecular mass of 54.6 kda. this enzyme presents analogies with other type b carboxylesterases, mainly of euka ...	2002	12193616
[urinary tract infections due to wide spectrum beta lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae].	the aim of this study was to specify the characteristics of enterobacterial urinary infections producing wide spectrum beta-lactamase (wsbl) and the management strategies for these patients infected in geriatric wards.	2002	12212511
impact of previous use of antibiotics on development of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in patients with enterobacter bacteremia.	this retrospective study was conducted to determine the risk factors for resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (escs) and to examine the influence of previous use of an aminoglycoside with an esc on resistance to escs in patients with enterobacter bacteremia from january 1991 through december 2000. a total of 423 episodes of enterobacter bacteremia among 414 patients were documented during the 10-year study period. three hundred thirty-two (78%) isolates were enterobacter cloacae, 72 (1 ...	2002	12226687
chemical modification of specific active site amino acid residues of enterobacter aerogenes glycerol dehydrogenase.	enterobacter aerogenes glycerol dehydrogenase (g1dh ec 1.1.1.6), a tetrameric nad+ specific enzyme catalysing the interconversion of glycerol and dihydroxyacetone, was inactivated on reaction with pyridoxal 5-phosphate (plp) and o-phthalaldehyde (opa). fluorescence spectra of plp-modified, sodium borohydride-reduced g1dh indicated the specific modification of epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues. the extent of inhibition was concentration and time dependent. nad+ and nadh provided complete pr ...	2002	12365461
the first archaeal atp-dependent glucokinase, from the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon aeropyrum pernix, represents a monomeric, extremely thermophilic rok glucokinase with broad hexose specificity.	an atp-dependent glucokinase of the hyperthermophilic aerobic crenarchaeon aeropyrum pernix was purified 230-fold to homogeneity. the enzyme is a monomeric protein with an apparent molecular mass of about 36 kda. the apparent k(m) values for atp and glucose (at 90 degrees c and ph 6.2) were 0.42 and 0.044 mm, respectively; the apparent v(max) was about 35 u/mg. the enzyme was specific for atp as a phosphoryl donor, but showed a broad spectrum for phosphoryl acceptors: in addition to glucose, whi ...	2002	12374829
surveillance of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esble) in northern france: a five-year multicentre incidence study.	in order to measure the incidence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esble), and to evaluate the impact of the national guidelines for multidrug-resistant bacteria (mdrb) prevention in hospitals of northern france, a multicentre study was conducted for three months every year starting in 1996, in volunteer hospital laboratories. all clinical specimens positive for mrsa and esble were prospectively surveyed. ...	2002	12398076
the inner-core lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic waae gene: function and genetic distribution among some enterobacteriaceae.	to determine the function of the waae gene in the biosynthesis of the inner-core lps of klebsiella pneumoniae, a waae non-polar mutant has been constructed. data obtained from the comparative chemical analysis of lps samples obtained from the wild-type, the mutant strain and the complemented mutant demonstrated that the waae gene is involved in substitution of alpha-l-glycero-d-manno-heptopyranose i (l,d-heppi) at the o-4 position by a beta-d-glucopyranose (beta-d-glcp) residue. in addition, dna ...	2002	12427940
carbapenem resistance in a clinical isolate of enterobacter aerogenes is associated with decreased expression of ompf and ompc porin analogs.	we investigated the mechanism of imipenem resistance in enterobacter aerogenes strain 810, a clinical isolate from the united states for which the imipenem mic was 16 micro g/ml and the meropenem mic was 8 micro g/ml. an imipenem-susceptible revertant, strain 810-rev, was obtained after multiple passages of the strain on nonselective media. for the revertant, the imipenem mic was </=1 micro g/ml and the meropenem mic was </=0.25 micro g/ml. cefepime mics also decreased from 8 to 1 micro g/ml; ho ...	2002	12435682
repression of glutamate dehydrogenase formation in klebsiella aerogenes requires two binding sites for the nitrogen assimilation control protein, nac.	in klebsiella aerogenes, the gdha gene codes for glutamate dehydrogenase, one of the enzymes responsible for assimilating ammonia into glutamate. expression of a gdhap-lacz transcriptional fusion was strongly repressed by the nitrogen assimilation control protein, nac. this strong repression (>50-fold under conditions of severe nitrogen limitation) required the presence of two separate nac binding sites centered at -89 and +57 relative to the start of gdha transcription. mutants lacking either o ...	2002	12446647
natural antibiotic susceptibility of enterobacter spp., with special reference to enterobacter aerogenes and enterobacter intermedius strains.	the natural susceptibility to 71 antibiotics of 44 strains of enterobacter aerogenes and 12 strains of enterobacter intermedius was examined using a microdilution procedure in isosensitest broth (for all strains) and cation-adjusted mueller hinton broth (for some strains). both species were naturally sensitive or sensitive and intermediate to tetracyclines, all tested aminoglycosides, several penicillins and cephalosporins, carbapenems, aztreonam, quinolones, folate-pathway inhibitors, chloramph ...	2002	12462424
polyphosphate produced in recombinant escherichia coli confers mercury resistance.	an escherichia coli strain was generated by fusion of a mera-deleted broad-spectrum mer operon from pseudomonas k-62 with a bacterial polyphosphate kinase gene (ppk) from klebsiella aerogenes in vector puc119. a large amount of the ppk-specified polyphosphate was identified in the mercury-induced bacterium with the fusion plasmid designated pmkb18 but not in the cells without mercury induction. these results suggest that the synthesis of polyphosphate as well as the expression of the mer genes i ...	2002	11958934
nb2001, a novel antibacterial agent with broad-spectrum activity and enhanced potency against beta-lactamase-producing strains.	enzyme-catalyzed therapeutic activation (ecta) is a novel prodrug strategy to overcome drug resistance resulting from enzyme overexpression. beta-lactamase overexpression is a common mechanism of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. we present here the results for one of the beta-lactamase ecta compounds, nb2001, which consists of the antibacterial agent triclosan in a prodrug form with a cephalosporin scaffold. unlike conventional beta-lactam antibiotics, where hydrolysis of the bet ...	2002	11959554
[post-marketing surveillance of antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates--ii. gram-negative bacteria].	as a post-marketing surveillance, the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, penicillins, monobactams, and carbapenems. changes in czop susceptibility for the bacteria were also evaluated with the bacterial resistance ratio calculated with the breakpoint mic. twenty-five species (3,362 strains) of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinica ...	2002	11977920
pyogenic liver abscess -- 20 years' experience. comparison of results of treatment in two periods.	our aim is to give an audit of our experience over the past two decades in the form of a retrospective study.	2002	11981681
cloning and sequencing of enterobacter aerogenes ompc-type osmoporin linked to carbapenem resistance.	using outbreak-related strains of enterobacter aerogenes, we cloned and sequenced ompk39, the structural gene coding for outer membrane protein ompk39. its lack of expression was closely associated with a phenotype exhibiting low-level carbapenem resistance. detailed alignment of the predicted amino acid sequence revealed that ompk39 is a member of the ompc subclass of enterobacterial porins, with the highest degree of homology to klebsiella pneumoniae ompk36. based on a computerized alignment i ...	2002	12008919
ethnobotanical and antimicrobial investigation on some species of terminalia and combretum (combretaceae) growing in tanzania.	an ethnobotanical investigation on the medicinal uses of some species of terminalia and combretum (combretaceae) was carried out in mbeya, tanzania during a 5-weeks field expedition. of the sixteen species collected, combretum fragrans f. hoffm., combretum molle g. don., combretum psidioides welw., combretum zeyheri sond., terminalia kaiserana f. hoffm. and terminalia sericea burch ex. dc. have medical applications against various bacterial infections, such as gonorrhoea and syphilis, and agains ...	2002	11801378
crystallization and preliminary x-ray structure determination of jack bean urease with a bound antibody fragment.	urease allows organisms to use exogenous and internally generated urea as a nitrogen source, by catalyzing the hydrolysis of urea to form ammonia and carbon dioxide. urease may also participate in the systemic nitrogen-transport pathways and possibly acts as a toxic defence protein. jack bean urease (jbu) was the first nickel-metalloenzyme identified and was crystallized as early as 1926. despite this, the structure has not yet been determined. an antibody fragment, fv, that has a high affinity ...	2002	11807281
novel alkylsulfatases required for biodegradation of the branched primary alkyl sulfate surfactant 2-butyloctyl sulfate.	recent reports show that contrary to common perception, branched alkyl sulfate surfactants are readily biodegradable in standard biodegradability tests. we report here the isolation of bacteria capable of biodegrading 2-butyloctyl sulfate and the identification of novel enzymes that initiate the process. enrichment culturing from activated sewage sludge yielded several strains capable of growth on 2-butyloctyl sulfate. of these, two were selected for further study and identified as members of th ...	2002	11772605
mar operon involved in multidrug resistance of enterobacter aerogenes.	we determined the sequence of the entire marrab operon in enterobacter aerogenes. it is functionally and structurally analogous to the escherichia coli operon. the overexpression of e. aerogenes mara induces a multidrug resistance phenotype in a susceptible strain, demonstrated by a noticeable resistance to various antibiotics, a decrease in immunodetected porins, and active efflux of norfloxacin.	2002	11897595
tem derivative-producing enterobacter aerogenes strains: dissemination of a prevalent clone.	tem-24 (caz-6) extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) was detected in 1988 in clermont-ferrand, france, in klebsiella pneumoniae (bla(tem-24)) and enterobacter aerogenes (bla(tem-24b)), and since 1994, a tem-24-producing e. aerogenes clonal strain has been observed elsewhere in the country. to determine if the spread of this clonal strain was restricted to tem-24-producing e. aerogenes strains, 84 e. aerogenes strains (non-tem/shv-producing strains, tem-1- or -2-producing strains, and different ...	2002	11897606
epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacter isolates in a spanish hospital during a 12-year period.	fifteen enterobacter clinical isolates (11 enterobacter cloacae isolates, 3 enterobacter aerogenes isolates, and 1 enterobacter gergoviae isolate), representing 0.4% of all enterobacter isolates recovered in our hospital from 1989 to 2000, were suspected of harboring an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl). these isolates were recovered from 14 different patients. esbls were transferred by conjugation into an escherichia coli recipient strain. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) revealed ...	2002	11923338
evolution of the gyrb gene and the molecular phylogeny of enterobacteriaceae: a model molecule for molecular systematic studies.	phylogenetic trees showing the evolutionary relatedness of enterobacteriaceae based upon gyrb and 16s rrna genes were compared. congruence among trees of these molecules indicates that the genomes of these species are not completely mosaic and that molecular systematic studies can be carried out. phylogenetic trees based on gyrb sequences appeared to be more reliable at determining relationships among serratia species than trees based on 16s rrna gene sequences. gyrb sequences from serratia spec ...	2002	11931166
prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases among enterobacteriaceae: an italian survey.	the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) production by consecutive non-repeated isolates of enterobacteriaceae was determined over a 6-month period. a total of 8015 strains were isolated from ten italian laboratories and 509 (6.3%) of these were designated esbl producers from the results of a double-disk synergy test. escherichia coli was the most isolated microrganism, followed by klebsiella pneumoniae and proteus mirabilis. providencia stuartii (28.1%) was the most frequently ...	2002	11932144
risk assessment of hand washing efficacy using literature and experimental data.	this study simulated factors that influence the levels of bacteria on foodservice workers' hands. relevant data were collected from the scientific literature and from laboratory experiments. literature information collected included: initial bacterial counts on hands and water faucet spigots, bacterial population changes during hand washing as effected by soap type, sanitizing agent, drying method, and the presence of rings. experimental data were also collected using enterobacter aerogenes as a ...	2002	11934038
[enterobacteria isolated from cockroaches (periplaneta americana) captured in a brazilian hospital].	to isolate and identify microorganisms from cockroaches that were captured in a public hospital and to test the antimicrobial susceptibility of these microorganisms.	2002	11939120
utilization of l-ascorbate by escherichia coli k-12: assignments of functions to products of the yjf-sga and yia-sgb operons.	escherichia coli k-12 can ferment l-ascorbate. the operon encoding catabolic enzymes in the utilization of l-ascorbate (ula) has been identified; this operon of previously unknown function had been designated the yif-sga operon. three enzymes in the pathway that produce d-xylulose 5-phosphate have been functionally characterized: 3-keto-l-gulonate 6-phosphate decarboxylase (ulad), l-xylulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase (ulae), and l-ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase (ulaf). several products of the yi ...	2002	11741871
extended spectrum beta-lactamase mediated resistance in urinary tract isolates of family enterobacteriaceae.	extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) hydrolyse expanded spectrum cephalosporins like ceftazidime, cefotaxime and monobactam aztreonam. esbl producing bacteria may not be detectable in the routine disk diffusion susceptibility tests leading to inappropriate use of antibiotics and treatment failures. as information on esbl producers causing urinary tract infection (uti) is not available from our country, the occurrence of esbl producing strains causing uti was studied as also the differences b ...	2002	12674828
biosynthesis of pyridoxine in saccharomyces cerevisiae--origin of the pyridoxine nitrogen atom differs under anaerobic and aerobic conditions.	the amide nitrogen atom of glutamine is incorporated into pyridoxine in four eukaryotes (i.e., emericella nidulans, mucor racemosus, neurospora crassa and saccharomyces cerevisiae) and two prokaryotes (i.e., staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis). however, in the prokaryotes pseudomonas putida, enterobacter aerogenes and escherichia coli, it is the nitrogen atom of glutamate that is incorporated into pyridoxine (j nutr sci vitaminol (2000) 46, 55-57). as these results were from experiments ...	2002	12775110
evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of drugs for urinary tract infections by genotyping based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge).	we attempted to determine whether the same bacterium isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (uti) before and after treatment with antimicrobial agents was of the same strain ("persisted") or of a different strain ("changed"). furthermore, to verify the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents for uti, we investigated whether bacterial strains could be classified as persisted or changed based on their electrophoretic patterns in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). we examined eigh ...	2002	12525898
acute bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis successfully managed by medical therapy alone: a case report and review of the literature.	bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis is a life threatening condition usually occurring in diabetics. management of this condition has traditionally been aggressive and surgery is considered mandatory. however, this is itself a hazardous intervention in a septic, unstable patient with circulatory or liver failure. when bilateral disease is present, the need for long-term dialysis is obviously unavoidable.	2002	12057010
comparative in vitro activity of three fluoroquinolones against clinical isolates by e test.	the in vitro susceptibility of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin against several gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates was tested by e test. we found that the mic(50) and mic(90) values against all members of the enterobacteriaceae family except serratia were <0.5 mg/l for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin (mic range 0.006-32 mg/l) based on the in vitro susceptibility data. the susceptibility rates for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were more than 85% for escherichia coli, ci ...	2003	12886053
genetic engineering of enterobacter aerogenes with the vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene: cell growth, survival, and antioxidant enzyme status under oxidative stress.	hemoglobins in unicellular organisms, like the one here in the bacterium vitreoscilla, have greater chemical reactivity than their homologues in multicellular organisms. they can catalyze redox reactions and may protect cells against oxidative stress. the ability of vitreoscilla hemoglobin to complement deficiencies of terminal cytochrome oxidases in escherichia coli also suggests that this hemoglobin can receive electrons during respiration. in this study, a recombinant strain of enterobacter a ...	2003	12892849
the escherichia fergusonii iucabcd iuta genes are located within a larger chromosomal region similar to pathogenicity islands.	three strains of escherichia fergusonii (ef873, ef1496, ef939) of 50 strains tested produced the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin. screening of a cosmid library of the strain ef873 chromosomal dna (in aerobactin nonproducing escherichia coli vcs257) for aerobactin production identified iucabcd and iuta gene orthologues. the predicted iucabcd and iuta proteins showed 59-65% identity to the corresponding proteins of shigella flexneri and e. coli. aerobactin molecules synthesized by e. fergusonii ...	2003	12800494
persistent silver disinfectant for the environmental control of pathogenic bacteria.	contaminated surfaces can act as a reservoir for pathogenic microorganisms and potentially exacerbate the risk of infection. surface disinfection and decontamination provide temporary amelioration against bacterial colonization. disinfected surfaces eventually become contaminated, thus, mitigating the benefit of the initial disinfection. it is hypothesized that to improve on the current state of the art, a disinfectant should not only immediately disinfect a surface but also provide persistent a ...	2003	12806357
the beta-glucoside genes of klebsiella aerogenes: conservation and divergence in relation to the cryptic bgl genes of escherichia coli.	the ability to metabolize aromatic beta-glucosides such as salicin and arbutin varies among members of the enterobacteriaceae. the ability of escherichia coli to degrade salicin and arbutin appears to be cryptic, subject to activation of the bgl genes, whereas many members of the klebsiella genus can metabolize these sugars. we have examined the genetic basis for beta-glucoside utilization in klebsiella aerogenes. the klebsiella equivalents of bglg, bglb and bglr have been cloned using the genom ...	2003	12829297
comparison of four antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to determine the in vitro activities of piperacillin and piperacillin-tazobactam against clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa.	susceptibility to piperacillin was similar to that to piperacillin-tazobactam (<1% difference) for 6,938 isolates of enterobacter aerogenes and 13,954 isolates of enterobacter cloacae tested using a vitek system; for the same species, in contrast, susceptibility rates to piperacillin-tazobactam were 5.9 to 13.9% higher than to piperacillin using disk diffusion, microscan, and vitek 2 testing. unprecedented phenotypes (piperacillin susceptible and piperacillin-tazobactam intermediate; piperacilli ...	2003	12843088
characterization of clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae from italy by the bd phoenix extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detection method.	production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) is an important mechanism of beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteriaceae: identification of esbls based on phenotypic tests is the strategy most commonly used in clinical microbiology laboratories. the phoenix esbl test (bd diagnostic systems, sparks, md.) is a recently developed automated system for detection of esbl-producing gram-negative bacteria. an algorithm based on phenotypic responses to a panel of cephalosporins (ceftazidime plus ...	2003	12682131
potential for detection of microorganisms and heavy metals in potable water using electronic nose technology.	studies have been carried out to determine the potential for the detection of different microbial species (enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa), alone and in the presence of low concentrations of different heavy metals (as, cd, pb and zn) in bottled, reverse osmosis (ro) and tap water, using an electronic nose. studies show that it is possible to discriminate control water samples from water contaminated with 0.5 ppm of a mixture of metals. the presence of heavy meta ...	2003	12706588