Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [a national multicenter study of the in-vitro activity of piperacillin-tazobactam. the spanish piperacillin-tazobactam group]. | the action of piperacillin-tazobactam on 4,137 of the 4,364 strains collected in a spanish multicenter study involving 46 participating hospitals was studied. the samples were from the following: 41% urine, 18% exuded from wound abscesses, 13% respiratory, 9% blood, 3% peritoneal liquid, and the remainder from other various sources. the gram-negative bacteria included 2,778 strains from 13 genera: escherichia (1,289), pseudomonas (451), proteus (230), klebsiella (203), haemophilus (172), enterob ... | 1998 | 9795299 |
| species specificity and tissue tropism of epec and related pathogens. | 1998 | 9807781 | |
| transferable class c beta-lactamases in escherichia coli strains isolated in greek hospitals and characterization of two enzyme variants (lat-3 and lat-4) closely related to citrobacter freundii ampc beta-lactamase. | among 2133 isolates of escherichia coli obtained during 1996 from 10 greek hospitals, 63 (3%) were resistant to cefoxitin. typing by eric2-pcr indicated that the cefoxitin-resistant (foxr) isolates were distinct. beta-lactamase studies and hybridization experiments showed that most strains produced beta-lactamases related to the ampc chromosomal cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii. the enzymes were encoded by similar non-self-transmissible plasmids. the bla genes encoding two beta-lactamase ... | 1998 | 9818739 |
| three-dimensional structure of ampc beta-lactamase from escherichia coli bound to a transition-state analogue: possible implications for the oxyanion hypothesis and for inhibitor design. | the structures of ampc beta-lactamase from escherichia coli, alone and in complex with a transition-state analogue, have been determined by x-ray crystallography. the native enzyme was determined to 2.0 a resolution, and the structure with the transition-state analogue m-aminophenylboronic acid was determined to 2.3 a resolution. the structure of ampc from e. coli resembles those previously determined for the class c enzymes from enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. the transition-stat ... | 1998 | 9819201 |
| activity of a broad-spectrum cephalosporin (ro 48-8391) alone and in combination with two novel beta-lactamase inhibitors (ro 48-5545 and ro 48-8724). | the susceptibility of a group of beta-lactamase-producing and drug-resistant gram-positive and gram-negative organisms was tested against a novel cephalosporin (ro 48-8391) alone and in combination with two bridged carbacephem beta-lactamase inhibitors (ro 48-5545 or ro 48-8724) and compared with that of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime (representative "third- and fourth-generation" cephalosporins), imipenem, and a combination of piperacillin and tazobactam. five hundred and one selected c ... | 1998 | 9823530 |
| [selection of antibacterial therapy for treatment of infections in elderly patients]. | examination of 60 elderly outpatients with lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) revealed that 73 per cent of the patients isolated the pathogen associations and only 27 per cent isolated the monocultures. grampositive cocci including streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated from 70 per cent of the patients, haemophilus influenzae and h.parainfluenzae were isolated from 20 per cent of the patients and acinetobacter spp., citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., proteus spp. and pseudomonas aerugin ... | 1998 | 9825105 |
| [conservative regions of the gene of thermostable enterotoxin in enterobacteriaceae--the principal possibility of their practical use]. | the nucleotide sequences connected with the production of thermostable enterotoxins (st) by the representatives of enterobacteriaceae were analyzed. the conservative area sized up to 30 pairs of nucleotides at the 3'-end of all st-genes, present in the bank, and responsible for the enterotoxicity of st-toxin molecules was detected. on its basis 3 oligonucleotides were synthesized; 2 of them were used as primers in experiments on the amplification of the dna of enterotoxigenic strains of citrobac ... | 1998 | 9825497 |
| aspects of microbiological and chemical quality of turmus, lupin seeds debittered by soaking in water. | eleven species of spherical lactic acid bacteria (lab) belonging to the genera leuconostoc, lactococcus, enterococcus and pediococcus were the predominant microorganisms in 40 samples of turmus, ready-to-eat lupin seeds debittered by boiling and soaking in water. the average counts of the lab in the 20 winter samples and the 20 summer samples were 7.4 and 8.7 log cfu/g, respectively. the averages of the enterobacteriaceae counts were 5.1 and 6.6 log cfu/g, respectively, and the 11 species isolat ... | 1998 | 9829189 |
| integration host factor and cyclic amp receptor protein are required for tyrr-mediated activation of tpl in citrobacter freundii. | the tpl gene of citrobacter freundii encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of l-tyrosine to phenol, pyruvate, and ammonia. this gene is known to be positively regulated by tyrr. the amplitude of regulation attributable to this transcription factor is at least 20-fold. three tyrr binding sites, designated boxes a, b, and c, centered at coordinates -272.5, -158.5, and -49.5, respectively, were identified in the upstream region of the tpl promoter. the results of mutational experiments su ... | 1998 | 9829925 |
| cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and expression of the 3-methylaspartate ammonia-lyase gene from citrobacter amalonaticus strain yg-1002. | the gene coding for 3-methylaspartate ammonia-lyase (3-methylaspartase, mal, ec 4.3.1.2) from citrobacter amalonaticus strain yg-1002 (tpu 6323) was cloned onto plasmid pbluescript ii ks(+), and the nucleotide sequence of the 1239-bp open reading frame (orf), consisting of 413 codons, was identified as the mal gene coding for mal. the predicted polypeptide has 62.5% identity with mal from the obligate anaerobe, clostridium tetanomorphum ncimb 11547. orf1, which showed 58.6% and 58.8% identities ... | 1998 | 9830098 |
| effect of "acidic oxidative potential water" on microbial contamination harvesting porcine pancreas for islet xenotransplantation. | 1998 | 9838512 | |
| adherence to testing criteria can minimize false-positive results for escherichia coli o157. | 1998 | 9841245 | |
| [in vitro antimicrobial activity of cefpirome compared to other broad-spectrum beta-lactam drugs against 804 clinical isolates from 9 brazilian hospitals]. | to evaluate the in vitro activity of the fourth-generation cephalosporin cefpirome in comparison to that of ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and imipenem in a multicenter study involving nine hospitals from six cities (four states). | 1998 | 9852647 |
| utility of serial rectal swab cultures for detection of ceftazidime- and imipenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli from patients in the intensive care unit. | forty-four patients receiving intensive care were studied prospectively to assess the utility of serial rectal swab cultures and clinical correlates of resistance for pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., morganella morganii, and serratia marcescens strains resistant to ceftazidime or imipenem. strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., or morganella morganii were found in 26 of 44 (59%) patients: 17 (65%) in clinical sites (11 with concomitant ... | 1998 | 9865988 |
| characterisation of cmy-4, an ampc-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase in a tunisian clinical isolate of proteus mirabilis. | a strain of proteus mirabilis resistant to beta-lactams, including cefoxitin, was isolated from the urine of a woman from tunisia. its antibiotic susceptibility pattern and that of the escherichia coli transconjugant suggested the presence of an ampc-type beta-lactamase. two bands of beta-lactamase activity (pi 5.4 and 9.2) were detected by isoelectric focusing. the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the ampc-type enzyme was determined. the deduced amino acid sequence was 98-99% identical ... | 1998 | 9868767 |
| comparative activities of novel beta-lactamase inhibitors, 6-exomethylene penamsulfones (ch1240, ch2140) in experimental mouse infection model. | the antibacterial activity of novel beta-lactamase inhibitors, 6-exomethylene penamsulfones (ch1240, ch2140), has been compared in vivo with that of sulbactam and clavulanic acid against beta-lactamase producing strains. in vivo microbiological assessment was used as experimental mouse infection model by gram negative strains. against pseudomonas aeruginosa f0013, cefoperazone/ch1240 was slightly less active than sulbactam. ampicillin/ch1240 was more active than sulbactam against citrobacter div ... | 1998 | 9875489 |
| multicenter evaluation of the in vitro activity of six broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents in puerto rico. the puerto rico antimicrobial resistance study group. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 6 broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents were determined by use of the etest versus a total of 569 bacteria in 7 puerto rican hospital laboratories. these included 342 recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, 63 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 54 acinetobacter species, and 110 oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci. extended spectrum beta-lactamase production was noted among 11% of klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. hyperproduction of amp c cephalospori ... | 1998 | 9554179 |
| [in vitro antibacterial activities of cefteram and other beta-lactam agents against recent clinical isolates]. | in vitro antibacterial activity of the third-generation oral cephem cefteram (cftm)--ten years after its first use in the clinical setting--against recent clinical isolates was evaluated and compared with those of other oral cephems. a total of 851 clinical isolates belonging to 13 species used in this study were collected from five medical institutions across japan during 1996. cftm showed excellent antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible s. aureus and s. pyogenes, equivalent to ... | 1998 | 9557273 |
| cefotaxime-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolates from a hospital in warsaw, poland: identification of a new ctx-m-3 cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase that is closely related to the ctx-m-1/men-1 enzyme. | a group of cefotaxime-resistant citrobacter freundii and escherichia coli isolates were collected by a clinical laboratory in a hospital in warsaw, poland, in july 1996. detailed analysis has shown that all of these produced a beta-lactamase (pi, 8.4) belonging to the ctx-m family, one of the minor extended-spectrum beta-lactamase families with a strong cefotaxime-hydrolyzing activity. sequencing has revealed that c. freundii isolates produced a new ctx-m-3 enzyme which is very closely related t ... | 1998 | 9559791 |
| phylogenetic relationships of salmonella based on dna sequence comparison of atpd encoding the beta subunit of atp synthase. | dna sequences covering 57% of atpd encoding the beta subunit of atp synthase were determined for 16 strains of salmonella enterica, two strains of s. bongori, and one strain each of citrobacter freundii and yersinia enterocolitica, and comparison was made with the published escherichia coli and enterobacter aerogenes sequences. the phylogenetic tree based on maximum-likelihood analysis showed separation of the subspecies of s. enterica except for two serotypes of subspecies ii which were unsuppo ... | 1998 | 9561735 |
| phosphatase activity and lead resistance in citrobacter freundii and staphylococcus aureus. | it has been previously reported that strains of citrobacter freundii and of staphylococcus aureus accumulated lead as pb-phosphate when grown on media supplemented with high levels of lead salts. phosphatase activity, which has been postulated to be involved in lead accumulation, was unrelated to lead resistance, resistant and sensitive cells displaying similar levels and patterns of enzyme activity. | 1998 | 9561741 |
| enterobacteriaceae found in high numbers in fish, minced meat and pasteurised milk or cream and the presence of toxin encoding genes. | enterobacteriaceae were found in high numbers after storage at 7 degrees c in 6% of consumers packs of pasteurised milk or cream, in 31% of retailed fish and in 100% of retail packs of minced meat. seventy two fresh-water fishes, 40 packs of minced meat and 430 milk packs were sampled. one hundred and eighty four isolates were randomly picked from tryptone glucose extract (tge) agar (30 degrees c for 3d) or violet red bile glucose (vrbg) agar (37 degrees c for 1d). in minced meat, serratia lique ... | 1998 | 9562874 |
| osteomyelitis and septic arthritis due to citrobacter freundii and haemophilus influenzae type b. | this report describes dual infection with citrobacter freundii and haemophilus influenzae type b causing septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the elbow in a previously healthy 5-year-old boy. the patient was treated successfully with intravenous fosfomycin for 4 weeks. infections with citrobacter beyond the neonatal period are rare in paediatric patients. when citrobacter spp. is isolated, coinfection with other bacterial pathogens should be considered. | 1998 | 9568950 |
| resistance to oxyimino beta-lactams due to a mutation of chromosomal beta-lactamase in citrobacter freundii. | the duplicative mutation of an ala-val-arg sequence at positions 208 to 210 in the loop structure of enterobacter cloacae class c beta-lactamase caused substrate specificity extension to oxyimino beta-lactam antibiotics and this chromosomal mutation provided bacterial cells with high resistance to the beta-lactams (m. nukaga et al, 1995, j. biol. chem. 270, 5729-5735). in order to confirm the universality of this phenomenon among other class c beta-lactamases, the duplicative mutation was applie ... | 1998 | 9570281 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1996). i. susceptibility distribution]. | the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 680 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (utis) in 10 hospitals during the period of june 1996 to may 1997. of the above bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 30.4% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 69.6% and most of them were escherichia coli. susceptabilities of several isolated bacteria to anti ... | 1998 | 9575437 |
| antimicrobial activity and spectrum investigation of eight broad-spectrum beta-lactam drugs: a 1997 surveillance trial in 102 medical centers in the united states. cefepime study group. | because antimicrobial agents become less effective after the emergence of resistance mechanisms in clinically prevalent pathogens, physicians must utilize local, regional, and national antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance data to assist in choices of appropriate agents. an investigation of the spectrum and potency of eight broad-spectrum beta-lactam drugs (cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, piperacillin with or without tazobactam, and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid) was ... | 1998 | 9572029 |
| isolation of a nonpathogenic strain of citrobacter sedlakii which expresses escherichia coli o157 antigen. | a nonpathogenic strain of citrobacter sedlakii which expresses the escherichia coli o157 antigen is described. the discovery of this strain emphasizes the necessity of additional biochemical and/or toxigenicity testing when isolates react with e. coli o157 latex reagents. | 1998 | 9574715 |
| cellulitis caused by citrobacter diversus in a patient with multiple myeloma. | the most common cause of cellulitis is streptococci. coagulase-negative staphylococci and gram-negative bacteria, such as serratia spp., proteus spp., and other enterobacteriaceae may produce cellulitis in the immunocompromised patient. we report a case of citrobacter diversus-induced cellulitis, resembling streptococcal infection, in a patient with multiple myeloma. | 1998 | 9538959 |
| evaluation of use of a new chromogenic agar in detection of urinary tract pathogens. | chromagar orientation, a new chromogenic medium, was evaluated for the detection and differentiation of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms in 900 urine samples from hospitalized patients. performance characteristics of the medium were evaluated in comparison to those of 5% sheep blood and macconkey agars by direct inoculation of the urine samples on the three media. four gram-negative and two gram-positive strains as well as one yeast control strain from the american type ... | 1998 | 9542923 |
| inhibition of murine splenic and mucosal lymphocyte function by enteric bacterial products. | previously we showed that lysates of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) inhibit lymphokine production by mitogen-activated human peripheral blood and lamina propria mononuclear cells. the aims of the present study were to determine whether epec-inhibitory factors have similar effects on murine lymphoid populations in order to further delineate the mechanisms of alteration of cytokine production. preexposure to epec lysates inhibited mitogen-stimulated interleukin-2 (il-2), il-4, and gamma ... | 1998 | 9632575 |
| important and emerging beta-lactamase-mediated resistances in hospital-based pathogens: the amp c enzymes. | resistance to third-generation cephalosporins mediated by beta-lactamases is an increasing problem for clinical therapeutics. a wide range of enterobacteriaceae produce these ampc enzymes (bush-jacoby-medeiros group 1), including enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii, morganella morganii, providencia spp., and serratia marcescens. resistance via this mechanism has been shown to be statistically correlated with the use of some third-generation cephalosporins, and the infections caused by these ... | 1998 | 9635237 |
| bacterial resistance: a worldwide problem. | the therapeutic crisis produced by emerging antimicrobial resistances has compromised the chemotherapy of hospitalized patients with serious infections. for the most prevalent resistance problems, meropenem, a new carbapenem, appears to provide a potency and spectrum for: 1) extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae; 2) bush-jacoby-merdeiros group 1 enzyme-producing ceftazidime-resistant enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii, and some serratia spp.; 3) ceftazidime- and imip ... | 1998 | 9635913 |
| mutants of citrobacter freundii that transport and utilize melibiose. | we have isolated mutants of citrobacter freundii that can grow on melibiose. inducible alpha-galactosidase activity and melibiose transport activity were detected in the mutant cells but not in the wild-type cells. we detected a dna region which hybridized with melb (the gene for the melibiose transporter) dna of escherichia coli in the chromosomal dna of wild-type c. freundii. protons, but not sodium ions, were found to be the coupling cations for melibiose (and methyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside) t ... | 1998 | 9642207 |
| direct detection of eae-positive bacteria in human and veterinary colorectal specimens by pcr. | a pcr test based on the amplification of an eae-specific sequence was designed and evaluated for its ability to directly detect homologous sequences in enteropathogenic escherichia coli and citrobacter spp. (amplification of eae open reading frame, 178 bp) in sections of the intestines of humans and animals with colonic lesions. positive pcr results were observed with eae-positive reference strains of e. coli and citrobacter rodentium (citrobacter freundii biotype 4280). known eae-negative refer ... | 1998 | 9666014 |
| gram-negative bacterial infections and cardiovascular parasitism in green sea turtles (chelonia mydas). | to investigate causes of ill health and mortality in juvenile wild green sea turtles (chelonia mydas) found along the mid-north west coast of western australia between june and october of 1997. | 1998 | 9673767 |
| distribution of mevalonate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/pyruvate routes for isoprenoid biosynthesis in some gram-negative bacteria and mycobacteria. | labeling experiments using [1-13c]acetate or [1-13c]glucose were performed with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, with innocuous bacteria related to pathogenic species or with phytopathogenic species. the labeling pattern was determined in the isoprenic moiety of ubiquinone or menaquinone derivatives. these experiments showed that acinetobacter, citrobacter, erwinia, pseudomonas, burkholderia, ralstonia and mycobacterium synthesize their isoprenoids via the mevalonate-independent glyceraldehyde ... | 1998 | 9675863 |
| the entericidin locus of escherichia coli and its implications for programmed bacterial cell death. | antidote/toxin gene pairs known as "addiction modules" can maintain plasmids in bacterial populations by means of post-segregational killing. however, several chromosome-encoded addiction modules may provide an entirely distinct function in the programmed cell death of moribund subpopulations under starvation conditions. we now report a novel chromosomal bacteriolytic module of escherichia coli called the entericidin locus, which is activated in stationary phase under high osmolarity conditions ... | 1998 | 9677290 |
| rapid detection and evaluation of clinical characteristics of emerging multiple-drug-resistant gram-negative rods carrying the metallo-beta-lactamase gene blaimp. | gram-negative rods (gnr) carrying the transferable carbapenem resistance gene blaimp, including pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens, have been isolated from more than 20 hospitals in japan. although the emergence of such multiple-drug-resistant bacteria is of utmost clinical concern, little information in regard to the distribution of blaimp-positive gnr in hospitals and the clinical characteristics of infected patients is available. to address this, a system for the rapid detection o ... | 1998 | 9687398 |
| beta-lactamase-mediated resistance and opportunities for its control. | clinical use of beta-lactams has selected for beta-lactamase-producing organisms. numerous beta-lactamases are known, and sequencing allows them to be divided into four classes, a to d, with classes a and c being the most important. pharmaceutical chemists have responded to the spread of beta-lactamase-producing organisms by developing stable agents and inhibitors. stability in penicillins and cephalosporins is achieved by attaching a bulky substituent to the amino group of 6-aminopenicillanic a ... | 1998 | 9688449 |
| structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of citrobacter freundii o3a,3b,1c. | the following structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of citrobacter freundii o3a,3b,1c containing d-mannose and d-rhamnose was established using sugar analysis and nmr spectroscopy, including computer-assisted analysis of the 13c nmr spectrum, 2d cosy, h,h-relayed cosy, heteronuclear 13c, 1h correlation (hetcor), and rotating-frame noe spectroscopy (roesy):-->4)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->3)-beta-d-rhap-(1-->4) -beta-d-rhap-(1-->. | 1998 | 9691457 |
| comparison of sample sequences of the salmonella typhi genome to the sequence of the complete escherichia coli k-12 genome. | raw sequence data representing the majority of a bacterial genome can be obtained at a tiny fraction of the cost of a completed sequence. to demonstrate the utility of such a resource, 870 single-stranded m13 clones were sequenced from a shotgun library of the salmonella typhi ty2 genome. the sequence reads averaged over 400 bases and sampled the genome with an average spacing of once every 5,000 bases. a total of 339,243 bases of unique sequence was generated (approximately 7% representation). ... | 1998 | 9712782 |
| study of beta-lactam resistance in ceftazidime-resistant clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae. | mechanisms and transferability of beta-lactam resistance in 50 ceftazidime resistant strains of enterobacteriaceae was studied. these strains were selected from 1991 e. coli, 1035 enterobacter spp., 168 citrobacter spp. and 1371 klebsiella spp., isolated from patients hospitalized in icus and in the pediatric and urology departments of six hospitals in bratislava during the years 1994-1996. the selected strains expressed the resistance not only to ceftazidime (50/50) but also to ampicillin (50/5 ... | 1998 | 9716290 |
| generation of escherichia coli intimin derivatives with differing biological activities using site-directed mutagenesis of the intimin c-terminus domain. | intimins, encoded by eae genes, are outer membrane proteins involved in attaching-effacing (a/e) lesion formation and host cell invasion by pathogenic bacteria, including enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and citrobacter rodentium. a series of intimins, harbouring specific mutations close to the c-terminus, were constructed using pcvd438, which encodes the eae gene from epec strain e2348/69. these mutant plasmids were introduced into epec strain cvd206 and c. rodentium strain dbs255, whic ... | 1998 | 9720872 |
| development of a new culture medium for the rapid detection of salmonella by indirect conductance measurements. | the main difficulties in conductance medium development are to allow salmonella to grow and produce a conductance signal while impeding growth of related species such as escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii. various selective agents were screened for these capacities and a new medium was derived, named kiman (whitley impedance broth basal medium supplemented with three selective components: novobiocin, malachite green and potassium iodide). this medium supported the growth of salmonella ser ... | 1998 | 9721644 |
| direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gram-negative bacilli in blood cultures by an electrochemical method. | nonfastidious aerobic gram-negative bacilli (gnb) are commonly isolated from blood cultures. the feasibility of using an electrochemical method for direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gnb in positive blood cultures was evaluated. an aliquot (10 microliter) of 1:10-diluted positive blood cultures containing gnb was inoculated into the bactometer module well (biomérieux vitek, hazelwood, mo.) containing 1 ml of mueller-hinton broth supplemented with an antibiotic. susceptibility tests w ... | 1998 | 9738038 |
| silver nitrate: antimicrobial activity related to cytotoxicity in cultured human fibroblasts. | the aims of this study were to ascertain whether silver nitrate (agno3) concentrations below those used in clinical practice inhibit bacterial growth, and in parallel study the cytotoxic effects on human fibroblasts. the cytoprotective effects of fetal calf serum (fcs) were also evaluated. the cytotoxic effects of eight different silver nitrate concentrations were determined by assessing mitochondrial activity of viable cells capable of cleaving tetrazolium salts. antimicrobial activity of agno3 ... | 1998 | 9745141 |
| [identification of escherichia coli o157 antigen by polymerase chain reaction]. | an assay was developed for the specific detection of escherichia coli o157 using pcr, because o serological cross-reactivities have been reported between e. coli o157 and some e. coli, other bacterial species. pcr amplification of e. coli o157 rfbe (ec o157:h7) gene that is necessary for the expression of the o157 antigen, was performed for the identification of e. coli o157. all shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 and o157:h, non-stec o157 strains were positive, and other non- ... | 1998 | 9745224 |
| a hospital outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae investigated by rapd typing and analysis of the genetics and mechanisms of resistance. | between july and september 1997 a ceftazidime- and aminoglycoside-resistant strain of klebsiella pneumoniae infected or colonized seven patients on three paediatric wards at guy's hospital in london. the patients were mostly neonates or infants recovering from cardiac surgery for congenital defects. the organism was probably introduced by an asymptomatic patient from greece and the subsequent outbreak could largely be explained by person-to-person spread on individual wards and frequent transfer ... | 1998 | 9749400 |
| gyra mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in eight species of enterobacteriaceae. | fluoroquinolone resistance (fq-r) in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae species has been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. two mechanisms of fq-r have been identified in gram-negative organisms: mutations in dna gyrase and reduced intracellular drug accumulation. a single point mutation in gyra has been shown to reduce susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. to determine the extent of gyra mutations associated with fq-r in enteric bacteria, one set of oligonucleotide primers w ... | 1998 | 9756773 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity to isolated bacteria in pediatric urinary tract infections]. | of the childhood urinary tract infections, more than 50% are caused by escherichia coli (e coli), followed by proteus mirabilis (p mirabilis), klebsiella sp, other enterobacteria, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococci. of e coli isolates, 50 to 60% are resistant to ampicillin (ampi-r), 10% being susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (amc). for p mirabilis, ampi-r isolates are less frequent and more often susceptible to amc. klebsiella sp is resistant to ampicillin, 75% of ... | 1998 | 9759315 |
| the use of escherichia coli bearing a phon gene for the removal of uranium and nickel from aqueous flows. | a citrobacter sp. originally isolated from metal-polluted soil accumulates heavy metals via metalphosphate deposition utilizing inorganic phosphate liberated via phon phosphatase activity. further strain development was limited by the non-transformability of this environmental isolate. recombinant escherichia coli dh5 alpha bearing cloned phon or the related phoc acquired metal-accumulating ability, which was compared with that of the citrobacter sp. with respect to removal of uranyl ion (uo2(2+ ... | 1998 | 9763695 |
| gram-negative bacteria produce membrane vesicles which are capable of killing other bacteria. | naturally produced membrane vesicles (mvs), isolated from 15 strains of gram-negative bacteria (citrobacter, enterobacter, escherichia, klebsiella, morganella, proteus, salmonella, and shigella strains), lysed many gram-positive (including mycobacterium) and gram-negative cultures. peptidoglycan zymograms suggested that mvs contained peptidoglycan hydrolases, and electron microscopy revealed that the murein sacculi were digested, confirming a previous modus operandi (j. l. kadurugamuwa and t. j. ... | 1998 | 9765585 |
| bacterial pollution of cutting fluids: a risk factor for occupational diseases. | an outbreak of occupational diseases involving 38 metal workers with local infections on the hands and the face (53%), bronchitis (29%), and bronchopneumonia (18%) urged an examination of 150 samples of emulsions which the workers used in processing metals. among the isolated bacteria, the most frequent was pseudomonas aeruginosa (48%), followed by escherichia coli (44%), proteus spp. (11%), enterococcus faecalis (9%), enterobacter aerogenes (7%), citrobacter spp. (5%), shigella spp., staphyloco ... | 1998 | 10376355 |
| study of rapidity and quality for the vitek susceptibility cards with 45 wells. | vitek 45 wells card was evaluated. recent clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci (107) and gram-negative bacilli (179) were antimicrobial susceptibility testing by vitek system in comparison with mic-2000 system. the antimicrobial susceptibility results were available within of 8 h for gram-positive cocci without a part of mrsa. enterobac-teriaceae were available within of 8 h and pseudomonas aeruginosa were from 8 to 11 h. the antimicrobial susceptibility data had disagreement of 60% with em, ... | 1998 | 10036375 |
| diminished reproduction, failure to thrive, and altered immunologic function in a colony of t-cell receptor transgenic mice: possible role of citrobacter rodentium. | citrobacter rodentium from an undetermined source was detected in a breeding colony of t-cell receptor transgenic mice housed in a conventional mouse facility in which murine hepatitis virus had been endemic and helicobacter spp. had been detected. citrobacter rodentium, isolated from blood, spleen, and colon, correlated with a significant increase in mortality and morbidity in this breeding colony. transgenic mice of all ages were affected by chronic debilitation, loss in reproductive efficienc ... | 1998 | 10090005 |
| does refrigeration of urine alter culture results in hospitalized patients with neurogenic bladders? | a prospective, blinded study of 40 hospitalized spinal cord injured (sci) patients was conducted to evaluate the effects of refrigeration on urinalysis and culture results. urine samples were divided, with one aliquot examined within 4 hours and the other after 24 hours of refrigeration. comparisons using wilcoxon signed rank analysis showed no significant difference between fresh and refrigerated samples in white blood cell (wbc) count (z = -0.353, p = 0.724), number of bacteria (z = -0.772, p ... | 1998 | 10096047 |
| plasmid-encoded ampc beta-lactamases: how far have we gone 10 years after the discovery? | the dogma that ampc genes are located exclusively on the chromosome was dominant until about 10 years ago. since 1989 over 15 different plasmid-encoded ampc beta-lactamases have been reported from several countries. most of these enzymes evolved in two clusters. the major cluster includes several enzymes with a high similarity to cmy-2, which is the closest related chromosomal ampc enzyme of citrobacter freundii. a second cluster centers around cmy-1. it is less homogeneous and not closely relat ... | 1998 | 10097678 |
| asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: epidemiological, clinical and microbiological approach. | asymptomatic urinary tract infection is a risk factor for fetal and maternal morbidity including development of pyelonephritis, premature labor and impaired intra-uterine development. in this study, 326 pregnant and 100 non-pregnant control women were screened for significant asymptomatic bacteriuria from april 8 to july 25, 1997 to gain insight into the prevalence rate, clinical characteristics of the disease and microbiological assessments of the causative agents. all the subjects were clinica ... | 1998 | 10214459 |
| production of l-dopa(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine) from benzene by using a hybrid pathway. | as an alternative approach to the production of l-dopa from a cheap raw material, we constructed a hybrid pathway consisting of toluene dioxygenase, toluene cis-glycol dehydrogenase, and tyrosine phenol-lyase. in this pathway, catechol is formed from benzene through the sequential action of toluene dioxygenase and toluene cis-glycol dehydrogenase, and l-dopa is synthesized from the resulting catechol in the presence of pyruvate and ammonia by tyrosine phenol-lyase cloned from citrobacter freundi ... | 1998 | 10191414 |
| multiple conformations of the acylenzyme formed in the hydrolysis of methicillin by citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase: a time-resolved ftir spectroscopic study. | time-resolved infrared difference spectroscopy has been used to show that the carbonyl group of the acylenzyme reaction intermediate in the citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase-catalyzed hydrolysis of methicillin can assume at least four conformations. a single-turnover experiment shows that all four conformations decline during deacylation with essentially the same rate constant. the conformers are thus in exchange on the reaction time scale, assuming that deacylation takes place only from the c ... | 1999 | 10194295 |
| biosorption of lead, cadmium, and zinc by citrobacter strain mcm b-181: characterization studies. | the biosorption process for removal of lead, cadmium, and zinc by citrobacter strain mcm b-181, a laboratory isolate, was characterized. effects of environmental factors and growth conditions on metal uptake capacity were studied. pretreatment of biomass with chemical agents increased cadmium sorption efficiency; however, there was no significant enhancement in lead and zinc sorption capacity. metal sorption by citrobacter strain mcm b-181 was found to be influenced by the ph of the solution, in ... | 1999 | 10194398 |
| use of pyrrolidonyl peptidase to distinguish citrobacter from salmonella. | in the routine testing of foods for salmonella, citrobacter and other members of the enterobacteriaceae often produce colonies which are almost indistinguishable from salmonella on commonly used selective agars. biochemical confirmation of such colonies can be expensive and time-consuming. it has been suggested that the enzyme pyrrolidonyl peptidase (pyrase) could be used as a rapid test to distinguish citrobacter colonies (pyrase-positive) from salmonella (pyrase-negative). pure cultures of sal ... | 1999 | 10196763 |
| in vitro evaluation of cefepime and other broad-spectrum beta-lactams for isolates in malaysia and singapore medical centers. the malaysia/singapore antimicrobial resistance study group. | the degree of activity of several beta-lactam antimicrobial agents was assessed in malaysia (four medical centers) and singapore (two medical centers) tested against 570 clinical isolates. the organisms were tested locally by the etest (ab biodisk, solna, sweden) method, validated by concurrent use of quality assurance strains (94.1% accurate performance overall). ten groups of bacteria were tested against cefepime, cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, oxacillin, and imi ... | 1999 | 10668586 |
| in vitro evaluation of broad-spectrum beta-lactams in the philippines medical centers: role of fourth-generation cephalosporins. the philippines antimicrobial resistance study group. | cefepime is a potent broad-spectrum "fourth-generation" cephalosporin. the in vitro activity of cefepime was compared to that of cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and piperacillin/tazobactam in a multilaboratory (nine medical centers) philippine surveillance project from march through october 1998. a total of 626 gram-positive and gram-negative organisms (10 species groups) were tested by the etest method (ab biodisk, solna, sweden) with results validated by current quality control ... | 1999 | 10668588 |
| in vitro evaluation of cefepime and other broad-spectrum beta-lactams in 22 medical centers in japan: a phase ii trial comparing two annual organism samples. the japan antimicrobial resistance study group. | an antimicrobial resistance surveillance study in japan is presented representing the second year (phase ii) results from 22 medical centers. each participant laboratory tested (etest, ab biodisk, solna, sweden) 100 organisms, 10 strains each from 10 species groups including escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., indole-positive proteae, serratia spp., acinetobacter spp., pseudomonas aeruginosa, and oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negati ... | 1999 | 10668590 |
| in vitro evaluation of broad-spectrum beta-lactams tested in medical centers in korea: role of fourth-generation cephalosporins. the korean antimicrobial resistance study group. | levels of resistance to the "third-generation" cephalosporins among isolates of clinical bacteria in korea have been increasing at a rapid rate. this study evaluated the activity of cefepime, a "fourth-generation" cephalosporin, and six other broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobials (cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, piperacillin/tazobactam 4 micrograms/ml fixed concentration[, oxacillin) against 404 isolates of clinical bacteria from korea. susceptibility profiles of each isolate ... | 1999 | 10668591 |
| in vitro evaluation of cefepime and other broad-spectrum beta-lactams in eight medical centers in thailand. the thailand antimicrobial resistance study group. | the introduction of cephalosporins has had an important impact on the resistance rates to several clinically utilized beta-lactam antimicrobial agents. most thailand medical centers have not documented the levels of emerging resistant pathogens causing invasive infections. this study shows using reference-quality mic techniques (etest, ab biodisk, solna, sweden), that carbapenem), "fourth-generation" cephalosporins (cefepime and cefpirome), and piperacillin/tazobactam were the most active agents ... | 1999 | 10668592 |
| adult citrobacter freundii meningitis: case report. | citrobacter is a distinct group of gram-negative bacilli belonging to the enterobacteriaceae family. central nervous system (cns) infections due to citrobacter are uncommon, though they occur more frequently in neonates and young children. in adults, citrobacter meningitis is extremely unusual with only 6 cases reported in the literature before 1998. this rare cns infection has been seen in patients with head trauma, following neurosurgical procedures, and in those who are immunocompromised. of ... | 1999 | 10695216 |
| the yersinia high-pathogenicity island. | a pathogenicity island present only in highly pathogenic strains of yersinia (y. enterocolitica 1b, y. pseudotuberculosis i and y. pestis) has been identified on the chromosome of yersinia spp. and has been designated high-pathogenicity island (hpi). the yersinia hpi carries a cluster of genes involved in the biosynthesis, transport and regulation of the siderophore yersiniabactin. the major function of this island is thus to acquire iron molecules essential for in vivo bacterial growth and diss ... | 1999 | 10943409 |
| [taxonomy of citrobacter rods found in human specimens]. | the aim of this study was the identification of 181 citrobacter strains on the basis of the recently proposed taxonomic changes of brenner. all strains were isolated from diarrhoeic patients; 124 strains were originally sent for identification to laboratory of enterobacteriaceae db nih, 57 strains was isolated in czech republic. citrobacter isolates were initially identified as c. koseri (3 strains), c. amalonaticus (1 strain) or as members of the c. freundii complex (177 strains). additionally ... | 1999 | 10803258 |
| [differentiation of citrobacter strains using electrophoretic protein patterns]. | the aim of this study was checking of the usefulness of electrophoretic protein patterns in differentiation of citrobacter strains. for analysis of whole-cell proteins 181 citrobacter strains were prepared. electrophoresis was performed in mini protean duall slab cell (bio-rad) apparatus. electrophoresis was carried out in 10% polyacrylamide gel according to the sds-page method of laemmli. whole-cell proteins of all tested citrobacter strains gave after electrophoresis 12 to 20 bands. patterns c ... | 1999 | 10803259 |
| [differentiation of citrobacter strains using chromosomal dna restriction patterns]. | the aim of this study was checking of the usefulness of chromosomal dna restriction patterns in differentiation of citrobacter strains. molecular characterization of total 56 isolates of citrobacter from poland and czech republic, was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis after digestion of chromosomal dna with restriction endonuclease xba i (5'-tctaga-3'). chromosomal dna of all tested citrobacter strains gave after electrophoresis 12 to 21 bands and patterns consisting of 12 to 21 frag ... | 1999 | 10803260 |
| in vitro evaluation of g1: a novel antimicrobial compound. | g1 (1-[5-bromofur-2-il]-2-bromo-2-nitroethene) is a novel antimicrobial compound developed in cuba with reported broadspectrum activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria, yeasts and fungi. a compound of this nature may have considerable therapeutic potential. we tested the in vitro activity of this novel compound against 3595 organisms using microbroth dilution. the following are mic50, mic90 and range respectively for some of the microorganisms tested: e. coli 16, 16, 4 32; klebsiell ... | 1999 | 10221421 |
| the effects of plant phenolics, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid on arylamine n-acetyltransferase activities in human gastrointestinal microflora. | the possible effects of naturally occurring plant phenolics, caffeic acid (ca), chlorogenic acid (cga) and ferulic acid (fa) on arylamine n-acetyltransferase (nat) activities on human gastrointestinal microflora, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter koseri and pseudomonas aeruginosa, were examined. the bacterial nat activities were determined by hplc measuring the acetylation of 2-aminofluorene (2-af). among all examined bacteria, p. aeruginosa exerted the ... | 1999 | 10226534 |
| bacteriocin release protein triggers dimerization of outer membrane phospholipase a in vivo. | bacteriocin release protein is known to activate outer membrane phospholipase a (ompla), which results in the release of colicin from escherichia coli. in vivo chemical cross-linking experiments revealed that the activation coincides with dimerization of ompla. permeabilization of the cell envelope and dimerization were characterized by a lag time of 2 h. | 1999 | 10322034 |
| citrobacter rodentium infection in mice elicits a mucosal th1 cytokine response and lesions similar to those in murine inflammatory bowel disease. | citrobacter rodentium is a classically noninvasive pathogen of mice that is similar to enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) in man. following oral infection of young mice, the organism colonizes the distal colon, and within 1 week the colonic mucosa doubles in thickness and there is massive epithelial cell hyperplasia. since t-cell responses in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) also cause epithelial hyperplasia, we have investigated the possibility that c. rodentium promotes s ... | 1999 | 10338516 |
| metabolism of l(-)-carnitine by enterobacteriaceae under aerobic conditions. | different enterobacteriaceae, such as escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris and proteus mirabilis, are able to convert l(-)-carnitine, via crotonobetaine, into gamma-butyrobetaine in the presence of carbon and nitrogen sources under aerobic conditions. intermediates of l(-)-carnitine metabolism (crotonobetaine, gamma-butyrobetaine) could be detected by thin-layer chromatography. in parallel, l(-)-carnitine dehydratase, carnitine racemasing system and crotonobetaine reductase activities were determi ... | 1999 | 10339822 |
| the serodiagnosis of infections caused by verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli. | patients with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) and haemorrhagic colitis (hc) produce serum antibodies to the lipopolysaccharides (lps) of escherichia coli o157 and certain other e. coli serogroups. patients may also make salivary antibodies to the lps of e. coli o157. serological tests based on these antibodies can be used to provide evidence of infection in the absence of culturable vtec or the toxins they produce. serum antibodies to lps persist for several months following onset of disease, ... | 1999 | 10347867 |
| characterization and nucleotide sequence of a klebsiella oxytoca cryptic plasmid encoding a cmy-type beta-lactamase: confirmation that the plasmid-mediated cephamycinase originated from the citrobacter freundii ampc beta-lactamase. | plasmid ptkh11, originally obtained by electroporation of a klebsiella oxytoca plasmid preparation into escherichia coli xac, expressed a high level of an ampc-like beta-lactamase. the enzyme, designated cmy-5, conferred resistance to extended-spectrum beta-lactams in e. coli; nevertheless, the phenotype was cryptic in the k. oxytoca donor. determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of ptkh11 revealed that the 8,193-bp plasmid encoded seven open reading frames, including that for the cmy- ... | 1999 | 10348751 |
| use of microdilution panels with and without beta-lactamase inhibitors as a phenotypic test for beta-lactamase production among escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens. | over the past decade, a number of new beta-lactamases have appeared in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae that, unlike their predecessors, do not confer beta-lactam resistance that is readily detected in routine antibiotic susceptibility tests. because optimal methodologies are needed to detect these important new beta-lactamases, a study was designed to evaluate the ability of a panel of various beta-lactam antibiotics tested alone and in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors to discr ... | 1999 | 10348759 |
| evaluation of the in vitro activity of six broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents tested against over 2,000 clinical isolates from 22 medical centers in japan. japan antimicrobial resistance study group. | numerous broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents have been introduced into medical practice since 1985. although several of these compounds have advanced, infectious disease therapy resistances to them has also emerged world-wide. in 1997, a japanese 22 medical center investigation was initiated to assess the continued utility of these agents (oxacillin or piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefepime, cefpirome, cefoperazone/sulbactam [c/s], imipenem). the participating medical centers represente ... | 1999 | 10354863 |
| clinical problems of sloths (bradypus sp. and choloepus sp.) in captivity. | a 20-yr retrospective study of disease prevalence was carried out for 51 sloths (34 bradypus sp. and 17 choloepus sp.) at the são paulo zoo. a total of 81 clinical disorders were detected, including nutritional (45.7%), digestive (12.3%), and respiratory (12.3%) problems and injuries (6.1%). a definitive diagnosis was not possible in 8.6% of the cases. the incidence of disease varied according to seasonal climate (winter, 32.5%; spring, 24%; summer, 22.9%; autumn, 20.5%), time in captivity (96.4 ... | 1999 | 10367647 |
| phosphate release and heavy metal accumulation by biofilm-immobilized and chemically-coupled cells of a citrobacter sp. pre-grown in continuous culture. | a heavy metal-accumulating citrobacter sp. was grown in carbon-limiting continuous culture in an air-lift fermentor containing raschig rings as support for biofilm development. planktonic cells from the culture outflow were immobilized in parallel on raschig rings by chemical coupling (silanization), for quantitative comparison of phosphatase activity and uranyl uptake by both types of immobilized cell. the flow rate giving 50% conversion of substrate to product (phosphate) in flow-through react ... | 1999 | 10099584 |
| cloning, sequence analyses, expression, and distribution of ampc-ampr from morganella morganii clinical isolates. | shotgun cloning experiments with restriction enzyme-digested genomic dna from morganella morganii 1, which expresses high levels of cephalosporinase, into the pbkcmv cloning vector gave a recombinant plasmid, ppon-1, which encoded four entire genes: ampc, ampr, an hybf family gene, and orf-1 of unknown function. the deduced ampc beta-lactamase of pi 7.6 shared structural and functional homologies with ampc from citrobacter freundii, escherichia coli, yersinia enterocolitica, enterobacter cloacae ... | 1999 | 10103179 |
| cloning and overexpression in escherichia coli of the gene encoding dihydroxyacetone kinase isoenzyme i from schizosaccharomyces pombe, and its application to dihydroxyacetone phosphate production. | the gene dak1 encoding a dihydroxyacetone kinase (dhak) isoenzyme i, one of two isoenzymes in the schizosaccharomyces pombe ifo 0354 strain, was cloned and sequenced. the dak1 gene comprises 1743 bp and encodes a protein of 62,245 da. the deduced amino acid sequence showed a similarity to a putative dhak of saccharomyces cerevisiae and dhak of citrobacter freundii. the dak1 gene was expressed at a high level in escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzyme was purified to homogeneity and characte ... | 1999 | 10091325 |
| increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens causing acute uncomplicated cystitis in women. | guidelines for the management of acute uncomplicated cystitis in women that recommend empirical therapy in properly selected patients rely on the predictability of the agents causing cystitis and knowledge of their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. | 1999 | 10052444 |
| the role of citrobacter in clinical disease of children: review. | various species of citrobacter may cause infections in neonates and immunocompromised hosts. citrobacter koseri (formerly citrobacter diversus) is best known as the cause of sepsis and meningitis leading to central nervous system (cns) abscesses in neonates and young infants. early onset and late-onset infections occur as for other neonatal bacterial infections. the majority of cases are sporadic, with no clear source of infection. a few have been confirmed to be vertically transmitted, and noso ... | 1999 | 10064257 |
| evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of cefepime compared to other broad-spectrum beta-lactams tested against recent clinical isolates from 10 chinese hospitals. chinese antimicrobial resistance study group. | a surveillance study was initiated in china in 1998 in which 10 medical centers participated. the susceptibility profiles of 996 commonly occurring pathogens belonging to 10 different species groups were tested by the etest (ab biodisk, solna, sweden) against six broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents (cefepime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin or oxacillin). quality control was closely monitored and cefepime- and/or imipenem-resistant enteroba ... | 1999 | 10579094 |
| multicenter evaluation of the antimicrobial activity for six broad-spectrum beta-lactams in venezuela: comparison of data from 1997 and 1998 using the etest method. venezuelan antimicrobial resistance study group. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations of six broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents were determined in 1998 by use of the etest versus a total of 502 bacteria in seven venezuelan hospital laboratories. these data were compared with results of a similar study performed in 1997. the organisms tested included 309 recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, 70 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 54 acinetobacter species, and 69 oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus. extended spectrum beta-lac ... | 1999 | 10579096 |
| activities of a nitrofurazone-containing urinary catheter and a silver hydrogel catheter against multidrug-resistant bacteria characteristic of catheter-associated urinary tract infection. | the in vitro inhibitory activity of a nitrofurazone-coated urinary catheter (nfc) against 86 recently obtained susceptible and multidrug-resistant (mdr) clinical isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and enterococcus faecium, which are species implicated in catheter-associated urinary tract infection and which traditionally have been susceptible to nitrofuran derivatives, was determined using an agar di ... | 1999 | 10582894 |
| concurrent outbreaks of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms of the family enterobacteriaceae in a warsaw hospital. | the increasing use of broader-spectrum cephalosporins in the first half of the 1990s has become one of the major factors responsible for the high rate of selection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing microorganisms in polish hospitals. thirty-five isolates of seven different species of the family enterobacteriaceae were identified as esbl producers, over a 4 month period, in one of warsaw's hospitals between the end of 1996 and the beginning of 1997. sixteen per cent of all kleb ... | 1999 | 10588311 |
| analysis of the mechanisms of quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii. | the presence of gyra, gyrb and/or parc mutations, quinolone uptake, outer membrane protein profiles and epidemiological relationship were studied in 12 clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii. no alterations were observed in the gyrb gene of any of the strains, or gyra or parc of the four quinolone-susceptible strains (nalidixic acid mic of 2-4 mg/l, and a ciprofloxacin mic of 0.006-0.06 mg/l). the quinolone-resistant strains were classified into two groups: one group (group a) composed of str ... | 1999 | 10590274 |
| the complexed structure and antimicrobial activity of a non-beta-lactam inhibitor of ampc beta-lactamase. | beta-lactamases are the major resistance mechanism to beta-lactam antibiotics and pose a growing threat to public health. recently, bacteria have become resistant to beta-lactamase inhibitors, making this problem pressing. in an effort to overcome this resistance, non-beta-lactam inhibitors of beta-lactamases were investigated for complementarity to the structure of ampc beta-lactamase from escherichia coli. this led to the discovery of an inhibitor, benzo(b)thiophene-2-boronic acid (bzbth2b), w ... | 1999 | 10595535 |
| gram-negative bacillary meningitis in adult post-neurosurgical patients. | to assess the clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of gram-negative bacillary meningitis (gnbm) in adult postneurosurgical patients. | 1999 | 10595761 |
| comparison of five beta-lactam antibiotics against common nosocomial pathogens using the time above mic at different creatinine clearances. | to compare the time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (t>mic) for five parenteral beta-lactam antibiotics against common nosocomial bacterial pathogens at different creatinine clearances (clcr). | 1999 | 10600088 |
| multicenter evaluation of antimicrobial resistance to six broad-spectrum beta-lactams in colombia: comparison of data from 1997 and 1998 using the etest method. the colombian antimicrobial resistance study group. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations of six broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents were determined in 1998 by use of the etest versus a total of 823 bacteria in 11 colombian hospital laboratories. these data were compared with results of a similar study conducted in 1997. the organisms tested included 532 recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, 108 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 94 acinetobacter species, and 89 oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus. extended-spectrum beta-lactam ... | 1999 | 10626135 |
| [the results of a multicenter study of the comparative activity of cefepime and other antibiotics against the causative agents of severe hospital infections (the micromax program)]. | a multicentre trial was performed on the activity of cefepime in comparison with ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem and ciprofloxacin against severe hospital infection pathogens in intensive care units. the isolates of escherichia coli and proteus spp. from the majority of the centres were highly susceptible to the antibiotics (90 to 100 per cent of the isolates). in some centres up to 40 per cent of the isolates produced esbl. the isolates of klebsiella spp. were charac ... | 1999 | 10629736 |
| sub-mic ciprofloxacin effect on fimbrial production by uropathogenic escherichia coli strains. | the urine from 210 patients with acute urinary tract infection (uti) was examined to study the in vitro effect of ciprofloxacin on fimbriae production by uropathogenic escherichia coli isolates. forty-nine bacterial samples of density 10(5) cfu/ml were not considered. from the resulting 161 samples, e. coli was the major strain found, present in 54 samples. other microoganisms found were: enterococcus sp. (34 samples), staphylococcus epidermis (22), yeasts (11), proteus sp. (11), pseudomonas sp. ... | 1999 | 10632381 |
| intestinal protozoa in hiv-infected patients: effect of rifaximin in cryptosporidium parvum and blastocystis hominis infections. | in hiv-1 infected patients severe enteritis and chronic diarrhea are often documented as a consequence of multiple opportunistic infections. we analyzed 48 hiv-1 positive patients for the presence of intestinal pathogenic protozoa. patients with cd4 > or = 200/mm3 showed a higher prevalence of a single pathogenic protozoa than patients with cd4 < or =200/mm3, who showed the presence of multiple protozoal infections. patients who proved positive for only a single protozoa, cryptosporidium or blas ... | 1999 | 10632386 |
| [the colonization resistance of the mucous membrane of the large intestine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a period of exacerbation]. | specific and quantitative compositions of the colon mucous microflora in 36 patients with rheumatic arthritis (ra) in the remission period were studied. the mucous membrane of healthy people is colonized by bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, bacteroides, escherichia and enterococci. the mucous membrane in such people is mainly colonized by aerobic opportunistic conventionally pathogenic enterobacteria (enteropathogenic escherichia, citrobacter [correction of cytobacter], enterobacter, klebsiella, etc ... | 1999 | 10643276 |