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identification and characterization of genus-specific epitopes of serpulina species using monoclonal antibodies.four murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) designated as c9e8, a10, g12, and g8 which recognized both serpulina hyodysenteriae and s. innocens were produced and characterized. the mabs reacted with whole cell antigens in elisa, indirect immunofluorescence and immunoblot assays. the mabs did not show any cross reactivity in rapid dot elisa or immunoblot assay with leptospira icterohemorrhagiae, campylobacter jejuni and escherichia coli. treatment of whole cell suspension with proteinase k and sodiu ...19968701579
[isolation of a strain of campylobacter jejuni resistant to fluoroquinolones and sensitive to nalidixic acid]. 19968714164
[bacteremia caused by campylobacter jejuni associated with spontaneous abortion]. 19968714192
campylobacter jejuni infection and guillain-barre syndrome. 19968592566
surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks--united states, 1993-1994.since 1971, cdc and the u.s. environmental protection agency have maintained a collaborative surveillance system for collecting and periodically reporting data that relate to occurrences and causes of waterborne-disease outbreaks (wbdos).19968600346
traveler's diarrhea, campylobacter jejuni, and acute motor axonal neuropathy. 19968602770
induction of antibodies reactive with gm2 ganglioside after immunization with lipopolysaccharides from camplyobacter jejuni.ganglioside gm2, expressed on the surface of some human cancers, is a promising target for immune therapy, since gm2 antibodies are cytotoxic, can be induced in humans by vaccination, and the presence of gm2 antibodies is associated with a better prognosis in melanoma patients. in our efforts to induce long-lived, cytotoxic gm2 antibodies, we investigated lipopolysaccharides (lps) containing "gm2-like" oligosaccharides. lps were prepared from campylobacter jejuni serotypes o:1, o:23, or o:36 (al ...19968603809
cloning, sequencing, and expression of a gene from campylobacter jejuni encoding a protein (omp18) with similarity to peptidoglycan-associated lipoproteins.a campylobacter jejuni genomic plasmid library was screened with antiserum generated against whole c. jejuni, revealing two immunoreactive clones. sequence analysis of the recombinant plasmids revealed a common open reading frame of 498 nucleotides encoding a protein of 165 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 18,018 da. the recombinant product partitioned to the outer membrane fractions of escherichia coli transformants and has been designated omp18. the deduced amino acid sequence o ...19968613402
multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block and campylobacter jejuni.we describe a patient with acute multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block (mmncb) and high titers of immunoglobulin g anti-gm1 antibodies after campylobacter jejuni enteritis. treatment with intravenous immune globulin led to rapid improvement with return of normal function by 6 weeks. this is the first report of c. jejuni enteritis preceding mmncb.19968614535
detection of serum-dependent cytotoxic activity of campylobacter jejuni and its characteristics.we previously set forth appropriate three assay systems using chinese hamster ovary cells to detect the campylobacter jejuni cytotoxin. although we could not reach a conclusion because the cytotoxins shown in this study were not purified, at least three different cytotoxins were detected in these assay systems. the first cytotoxin in the presence of fetal calf serum (fcs) was heat-labile and the molecular weight (mw) was estimated at 50-100 k by ultrafiltration. the second cytotoxin detected in ...19968672594
prevalence of cytolethal distending toxin production in campylobacter jejuni and relatedness of campylobacter sp. cdtb gene.campylobacter jejuni produces a toxin called cytolethal distending toxin (cdt). the genes encoding this toxin in c. jejuni 81-176 were cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence of the genes revealed that there are three genes, cdta, cdtb, and cdtc, encoding proteins with predicted sizes of 30,11-6, 28,989, and 21,157 da, respectively. all three proteins were found to be related to the escherichia coli cdt proteins, yet the amino acid sequences have diverged significantly. all three genes wer ...19968675309
restriction fragment length polymorphism of polymerase chain reaction products applied to the differentiation of poultry campylobacters for epidemiological investigations.a technique for subtyping campylobacter jejuni isolates has been developed by using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products of the flaa and flab genes. the technique was validated by using strains representing 28 serotypes of c jejuni and it may also be applied to c coli. from these strains 12 distinct rflp profiles were observed but there was no direct relationship between the rflp profile and the serotype. one hundred and thirty-five camp ...19968685540
pathology of the motor-sensory axonal guillain-barré syndrome.the concept of a severe motor-sensory neuropathy of acute onset caused by an immune attack on the axon ("axonal" guillain-barré syndrome) has been advanced primarily based on electrodiagnostic and limited pathological data, but remains controversial. at autopsy some cases demonstrate unusually severe inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy. there are conflicting data about whether antecedent campylobacter jejuni infection is associated with "axonal" guillain-barré syndrome. we report 4 individuals ...19968572662
culture and characteristics of helicobacter bizzozeronii, a new canine gastric helicobacter sp.organisms whose cells were large, tight spirals were isolated from gastric biopsies of dogs. touch cytology samples from all of the dogs contained large spiral organisms. characteristics of 10 strains are described. these organisms were 5 to 10 microns long by 0.3 microns wide, and each cell had 10 to 20 sheathed flagella at both ends of the cell. the cells did not have periplasmic fibrils. these organisms were microaerophilic and grew at 37 and 42 degrees c but not at 25 degrees c on brain hear ...19968573490
cloning and membrane topology of a p type atpase from helicobacter pylori.southern blot screening of a genomic helicobacter pylori library was employed to find a p type atpase using a mixture of 16 dna oligonucleotides coding for the dktgt(i/l)t consensus sequence specific for the phosphorylation site of this family of atpases. a positive clone, prh439, was isolated and sequenced. the inserted 3.4-kb h. pylori dna contained an intact open reading frame encoding a protein of 686 amino acids carrying the consensus sites for phosphorylation and atp binding. the amino aci ...19968550601
[intervention of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni flagella in the adhesion to cellular cultures: bacteriological and immunological evidence].the participation of the flagella of a virulent strain (o52) of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni in the adhesion to hep-2 cells and their inhibition by means of homologous polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal anti-flagella antibodies and colostral natural antibodies (iga) was studied. an aflagellated strain (t1) was used as negative control. adhesion was observed in higher rates with o52 strain (72%) than with t1 strain (27.5%). polyclonal, monoclonal and colostral antibodies inhibited o52 strain ...19969197015
[participation of campylobacter jejuni flagellar epitopes in cellular adhesion].using a flagellated (052) and an aflagellated (t-1) strains we studied the participation of flagellar epitopes of c. jejuni in the adhesion to hep-2 cells in vitro. strain 052 was significantly more adherent than strain t-1. when adhesion assays were carried out with antiflagella monoclonal antibodies, strain 052 showed inhibition of their adhesive capacity that varied between 64.3 and 92.9%. with an elisa test it was demonstrated that those monoclonal antibodies were specific and directed exclu ...19969239884
immunological detection of lipopolysaccharide antigens of thermophilic campylobacters captured on polymyxin-coated polyester cloth.cholate-extracted lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigens from thermophilic campylobacters were captured on polymyxin-coated polyester cloth. the captured antigens were detected by sequential reactions with rabbit anti-campylobacter antibody, anti-rabbit igg peroxidase conjugate and chromogenic peroxidase substrate. a polyclonal rabbit antibody elicited against a single campylobacter-jejuni strain detected the reference strains of the twenty most frequently isolated thermophilic campylobacters in the ...19969157052
flagellin gene profiling of campylobacter jejuni heat-stable serotype 1 and 4 complex.flagellin gene (flaa) sequence polymorphisms were used to discriminate amongst 167 strains of campylobacter jejuni serotype hs1 and the hs4 complex. direct pcr of cell suspensions provided a rapid method for analysing dnase-negative strains, whereas purified dna was necessary for the dnase-positive strains. nine different pcr-rflp patterns (genotypes) were identified by analysis with hinfl and 12 with ddel, giving a total of 19 combined flaa profile types. the most common combined fla types were ...19969157491
adherence, invasion and cytotoxin assay of campylobacter jejuni in hela and hep-2 cells.campylobacter jejuni is an important human enteropathogen worldwide. chickens are the major reservoir and source of campylobacter infection. ten clinical isolates from human and five chicken strains were tested for the adherence, invasion and cytotoxin assay in hela and hep-2 cells. all human strains adhered to both the hela (10(3) to 3 x 10(4) bacteria/ml of cell lysate) and hep-2 cells (2 x 10(3) to 4 x 10(4) bacteria/ml of lysate). all chicken strains also adhered to the hep-2 cells (10(2) to ...19969203788
development of a rapid and specific colony-lift immunoassay for detection and enumeration of campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, and c. lari.contamination of retail poultry by campylobacter spp. is a significant source of human diarrheal disease. we have developed a colony-lift immunoassay (cli) for the detection of campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, and c. lari isolated from such sources and grown on selective agar medium or on filter membranes. this technique has been successfully utilized to quantify campylobacter colonies within 18 to 28 h after sampling. hydrophobic, high-protein-binding membranes were prewet with methanol and used ...19968914757
[current parameters of the epidemiological process in campylobacteriosis].data on some parameters of the epidemic process of campylobacteriosis in the ukraine are presented. campylobacteriosis patients were found to constitute 1.9 +/- 0.095% of all examined patients with acute enteric infections (aei). no statistically significant difference in the proportion of campylobacteriosis among child and adult aei patients was established. the proportion of sick persons at the period of the spring-summer rise in morbidity was 71.5%. a definite relationship between the epizoot ...19969082723
comparison of polymerase chain reaction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for the epidemiological typing of campylobacter jejuni.seventeen sporadic campylobacter jejuni enteritis cases occurred in taichung city, taiwan between july 1995 and september 1995. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric-1) primed polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques were compared for the epidemiological typing of the 17 c. jejuni isolates. fourteen distinct pfge fingerprint patterns were observed. fifteen distinct pcr fingerprint patterns were demonstrated. two clusters of isolates ( ...19969078444
[clinical evaluation of azithromycin in pediatric infections].azithromycin (azm) was studied for its clinical efficacy in pediatric infections. the study on azm was carried out in 43 patients whose diagnoses were given as follows: pharyngitis in five cases, tonsillitis in one, bronchitis in four, pneumonia in four, mycoplasma pneumonia in 14, scarlet fever in nine, impetigo in four, pyodermia in one and campylobacter enteritis in one. the patients received azm once daily at 1.6 approximately 20.0 mg/kg body weight for three to five days. effectiveness of a ...19968986554
haemolytic-uraemic syndrome in the hunter: public health implications.three cases of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome in the hunter area were reported in february 1995. an investigation was initiated to identify any verocytotoxic escherichia coli in clinical samples that could be associated with the development of the disease. escherichia coli o6:h- and o2:h7 were isolated from case 1. no organisms were identified for case 2, and case 3 samples yielded campylobacter jejuni. in addition, efforts were made to trace sources of any such pathogens in food samples or in the ...19968987212
detection of campylobacter jejuni and camp. coli in chicken faecal samples by pcr.pcr primers were selected from the flagellin gene sequences flaa and flab of campylobacter coli to amplify dna from camp. jejuni and camp. coli. when the pcr products were analysed by hybridization to an internal probe immobilized in microtitre wells, positive reactions were observed only for strains of camp. jejuni and camp. coli. the assay was used to analyse 31 chicken faecal samples. full correspondence was found between the pcr assay conducted on the enriched cultures and the standard cultu ...19968987720
molecular mimicry of host structures by bacterial lipopolysaccharides and its contribution to disease.the core oligosaccharides of low-molecular-weight lipopolysaccharide (lps), also termed lipooligosaccharide (los), of pathogenic neisseria spp. mimic the carbohydrate moieties of glycosphingolipids present on human cells. such mimicry may serve to camouflage the bacterial surface from the host. the los component is antigenically and/or chemically identical to lactoneoseries glycosphingolipids and can become sialylated in neisseria gonorrhoeae when the bacterium is grown in the presence of cytidi ...19968988391
characterization of campylobacter upsaliensis fur and its localization in a highly conserved region of the campylobacter genome.despite increasing recognition of the importance of campylobacter upsaliensis in human disease little is known about either the virulence properties or genetics of this enteric pathogen. the complete coding sequence of a c. upsaliensis gene has yet to be published. we have cloned and sequenced the complete iron-uptake regulatory (fur) gene from the type strain of this species. the c. upsaliensis fur homolog was isolated from a genomic library of c. upsaliensis atcc 43954 constructed in phage lam ...19968996110
[helicobacter pylori: antibodies in sera of pigs and calves].64 sera of pigs and 22 sera of calves were investigated in a helicobacter pylori-elisa. the test system was validated with positive and negative reference sera. in contrast to other investigations it was tried to exclude false positive results by absorbing the sera with wolinella succinogenes, campylobacter jejuni subsp.jejuni, e. coli and proteus mirabilis. this proved to be necessary, as the extinctions of some sera were reduced considerably. using this technique sera of 5 pigs and 6 calves co ...19968999777
[guillain-barre syndrome and antibodies to ganglioside gm1. case report].a sudden onset of the syndrome guillain-barré in 48-year-old woman presenting as an acute motor neuropathy was associated with antibodies against ganglioside gm1 detected by elisa. the neurological examination revealed flaccid quadriplegia without affection of the sensory system, and the additional investigation showed mild increase of the csf protein content, demyelination of the peripheral motor nerves and significantly increased titer of the serum and csf anti-gm1 antibodies. several coprucul ...19969102850
[the antibiotic susceptibility of campylobacter strains isolated in moldova. the possibilities for estimation and the results].susceptibility to antibiotics of 39 campylobacter jejuni/coli strains was appreciated using the modified disc method (sowing by loop). eighteen strains were examined in duplicate using the conventional disc susceptibility method (sowing by inundation). based on the diameters (mm) of growth inhibition zones and on the respective critical concentrations (mcg/ml) the mics were also appreciated. all the strains were resistant to rifampicin, polymyxin m sulphate, ketokonazole, cephalotin, cephazolin; ...19969116399
identification of the tetracycline resistance gene, tet(o), in streptococcus pneumoniae.five isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to tetracycline but lacking tet(m) were studied. the tetracycline resistance gene, tet(o), was detected for the first time in the pneumococcus. the gene was amplified and sequenced and found to share 99% nucleotide sequence identity and 99, 99, and 98% deduced amino acid sequence identity with the tet(o) resistance genes of streptococcus mutans, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter jejuni, respectively.19969124862
antibiotic resistance of campylobacter jejuni with reference to plasmid profiles of clinical and chicken isolates.a total of 47 clinical isolates and 52 poultry isolates of campylobacter jejuni were characterized by their resistance to 16 antimicrobial agents and by plasmid profiles on agarose gel electrophoresis. almost all isolates were susceptible to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin and nitrofuratoin. plasmids were detected in 19% of c. jejuni strains isolated from feces of children patients and in 36% of strains isolated from chicken. the presence of plasmid dna was not found to be correlated w ...19969127480
complete nucleotide sequence of the campylobacter jejuni 72dz asd gene.campylobacter jejuni asd gene was sequenced. the gc content of the gene coding region is 32.7%. the codon usage is typical for a gene in a genome with low gc content. the structure of the gene regulatory sequences resembles that one used for escherichia coli gene transcription and translation. the amino acid sequence of the asd protein exhibits significant homology to asd gene products from other microorganisms.19969127485
detection of the coccoid form of campylobacter jejuni with the use of polymerase chain reaction.the incubation of campylobacter jejuni in aerobic conditions results in transformation of spiral cells into coccoid form. it is shown in presented paper that the assay of coccoid of c. jejuni with pcr is limited. its detectability decreases with the increase of time and temperature of cell storage.19969127486
[serodiagnosis of helicobacter pylori infections by detection of immunoglobulin g antibodies with an immunoblot technique].serological testing has recently been proposed as an aid in diagnosis of h. pylori infections. in this study, an immunoblot method has been evaluated to diagnose h. pylori infection serologically by comparing 104 serum specimens from patients with a positive gram stain and/or culture result and a positive urease test on biopsy material, as well as 30 serum specimens from patients with negative urease test, and negative microscopy and culture results. thirteen bands could be identified by immunob ...19969275637
[pathogenesis of guillain-barre syndrome and its relation with campylobacter jejuni]. 19969592345
molecular cloning and transposition of a kanamycin resistance determinant from campylobacter jejuni between replicons in escherichia coli.this paper reports a restriction map of a fragment of dna encoding kanamycin resistance cloned from plasmid dna of campylobacter jejuni aba94 in the recombinant plasmid prs9421-1. in transposition experiments, kanamycin-resistant r751::km9421 transconjugants appeared at frequencies of 10(-7) per donor cell. these transconjugants harboured a plasmid 4 kb larger than the parental 49 kb plasmid r751. restriction enzyme analysis and southern blot hybridization of these transconjugants showed that th ...199624415309
campylobacter jejuni as a cause of diarrhoea.this study was carried out to isolate and identify campylobacter jejuni from stool samples of patients suffering from diarrhoea. the study spanned a two-year period and c. jejuni was isolated in 10 (4.5%) out of 220 patients of diarrhoea] disorders. in samples of stool collected from 50 healthy individuals, c. jejuni was isolated in one (2%) case. further, to isolate other enteropathogens alongwith c. jejuni, procedures were undertaken simultaneously to identify salmonella, shigella and vibrio c ...199728769509
characterization of campylobacter jejuni isolates from patients with guillain-barré syndrome.campylobacter jejuni is a major pathogen preceding guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), and most c. jejuni isolates from gbs patients belong to penner serotype 19 (heat-stable; hs-19). we analyzed sixteen independent clinical isolates from gbs patients, twelve of which belonged to hs-19, three to hs-2, and one to hs-4, using pcr-based rflp analysis of a flagellin-a (flaa) gene. two isolates from patients with miller fisher syndrome (mfs), and 27 from patients with uncomplicated enteritis were also exa ...19979455985
meat from dairy cows: possible microbiological hazards and risks.the authors provide an overview of the circumstances associated with culling of dairy cattle in the united states of america (usa) and focus on the possible significant microbiological hazards associated with meat from cull dairy cows. cull dairy cows are an important source of food in the usa, accounting for at least approximately 17% of ground beef. the potential microbiological hazards for foodborne illness from cull dairy cows discussed here include salmonella (with special attention to s. t ...19979501354
public health hazards from small ruminant meat products in europe.foodborne diseases, in particular those related to meat and meat products, have recently become a matter of great public concern. sheep and goat meat can transmit infections and diseases either through handling during preparation procedures or as a result of ingestion by the consumer. the authors highlight the second route of contamination in relation to meat and meat products from small ruminants in european countries. among the most important diseases transmitted by mutton and goat meat, toxop ...19979501355
public health and pork and pork products: regional perspectives of denmark.an ambitious programme to eliminate pork as an important source of human salmonellosis was initiated in denmark in 1993 by the ministry of food, agriculture and fisheries. the programme comprises control of feedmills, breeding and multiplying herds, slaughter herds and slaughter plants, as well as the final product, fresh pork. as a consequence, the level of occurrence of salmonella spp. in fresh pork produced in denmark is approximately 1%. yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 infections are common in s ...19979501365
strategies to control salmonella and campylobacter in raw poultry products.foodborne illness is a major public health concern. the largest number of foodborne illness cases attributed to poultry and poultry products are caused by paratyphoid serotypes of salmonella and by campylobacter jejuni. the effective prevention of foodborne disease requires an understanding that contamination can be introduced into foods at numerous points along the food chain. since multiple entry points exist for foodborne pathogens, multifaceted intervention approaches are required to success ...19979501366
gastric acid secretion and enteric infection in bangladesh.in developing countries many enteric infections are caused by acid-sensitive pathogens. failure of the gastric acid barrier to infection has been reported in cholera but gastric acid secretion has been little studied in other enteric infections. we therefore studied basal and stimulated gastric acid in 185 bangladeshi men admitted to hospital for the treatment of enteric infection. patients with dysentery (amoebiasis, n = 24 and shigellosis, n = 19) and culture-negative diarrhoea (n = 69) had si ...19979509179
campylobacter jejuni in coccoid form does not reverse into spiral form in chicken guts.the incubation of campylobacter jejuni suspension in aerobic conditions results in the conversion of spiral cells into coccoid form. the present paper shows that such forms introduced into the alimentary tract of two-day-old chicks are not able to convert back into cultivable, infectious spiral forms, as has been suggested by some authors. technical problems connected with this type of experiment are also discussed.19979516989
evaluation of an avian-specific probiotic to reduce the colonization and shedding of campylobacter jejuni in broilers.campylobacter jejuni has often been responsible for human gastroenteritis. poultry have often been implicated as a source for these human infections. intestinal colonization of c. jejuni in the chicken plays a role in carcass contamination during slaughter. thus, reducing c. jejuni colonization in chickens can potentially reduce the incidence of c. jejuni infections in humans. the use of probiotics to competitively exclude the colonization of intestinal pathogens has been proposed for poultry. h ...19979454918
lipo-oligosaccharides of campylobacter jejuni serotype o:10. structures of core oligosaccharide regions from a bacterial isolate from a patient with the miller-fisher syndrome and from the serotype reference strain.lipo-oligosaccharide (losa) was obtained by phenol-water extraction of bacterial cells of an isolate pg 836, identified as campylobacter jejuni serotype o:10, from a patient who subsequently developed the miller-fisher syndrome (mfs). the product was separated into a water-insoluble gel of low mr and a water-soluble component of high mr. the structure of the core oligosaccharide region in losa is reported herein for comparison with losb from the c. jejuni o:10 reference strain, and is based on i ...19979581276
evidence for recombination in the flagellin locus of campylobacter jejuni: implications for the flagellin gene typing scheme.the flagellin subunit of the flagellar filament in campylobacter jejuni is encoded by two highly homologous tandem genes, flaa and flab. the flaa gene was sequenced in 18 strains of c. jejuni, including isolates from three outbreak groups. sequences obtained were compared with flaa sequences available in the genbank database, and all were analyzed for mosaic gene structure by using recently described statistical tests for detecting gene conversion among aligned sets of sequences. strong evidence ...19979276421
rapid pcr with nested primers for direct detection of campylobacter jejuni in chicken washes.rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni by pcr directly from foods, without prior growth steps, would be beneficial for the poultry industry. we have previously reported a pcr assay that allows detection of this bacterium after 48 h growth on campy cefex agar. we have now developed a more rapid nested pcr assay that specifically detects c. jejuni in chicken washes that have not undergone any lengthy growth steps prior to pcr. for the nested reaction, an external set of primers, c-1 and c-4, are ...19979281412
economic costs and trade impacts of microbial foodborne illness.this article presents the economic costs of foodborne diseases for selected countries, the approaches used to calculate these costs, and a discussion on the interaction between microbial food safety issues and international trade in food. the human illness costs due to foodborne pathogens are estimated most completely in the united states of america, where, each year, 7 foodborne pathogens (campylobacter jejuni, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli o157:h7. listeria monocytogenes, salmonell ...19979282387
effect of cytolethal distending toxin on f-actin assembly and cell division in chinese hamster ovary cells.cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) is a newly described toxin produced by a number of enteropathogens, including campylobacter jejuni, various escherichia coli strains, and a few shigella species. cdt induces distension and eventual death of a number of transformed cell lines. here, we extend previous studies by demonstrating that morphological changes in cdt-treated chinese hamster ovary cells are coincident with changes in cytoskeletal structure and an inhibition of cell proliferation. cdt-trea ...19979284151
[guillain-barré syndrome of axonal type, campylobacter jejuni infection and anti-ganglioside gm1 antibodies].infection by campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) has been reported in 17 to 55 p. 100 of the gbs. the "axonal" gbs has been recently attributed to such an association. it is characterized by rapid progression to severe widespread paralysis, respiratory failure, poor and delayed recovery. the acute "axonal" form of guillain-barré syndrome has been and remains a matter of controversy. a typical case of gbs with serological evidence of recent c. jejuni infection and increased antibodies to gm1 is repo ...19979296136
norfloxacin resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from swedish patients.this study focused on the frequency of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains resistant to norfloxacin. included were 1659 consecutive stool specimens isolated between 1992 and 1995, from as many swedish patients with diarrhoea. the patients were divided with regard to place of infection and age. all strains were tested for susceptibility to norfloxacin by means of disc diffusion test on blood-agar plates. norfloxacin-resistant strains (n = 310) were furthermore tested for resistanc ...19979301992
evaluation of antibodies reactive with campylobacter jejuni in egyptian diarrhea patients.serum and stool samples were collected from 128 individuals: 96 diarrhea patients and 32 apparently healthy controls. stool specimens were cultured for enteric bacterial pathogens, while sera were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for campylobacter jejuni-reactive antibodies. of 28 diarrhea patients who demonstrated c. jejuni-reactive antibodies (titers, > 100), 14 were culture positive for this organism. the 32 healthy controls showed significantly lower antibody titers (p < 0.05) w ...19979302201
[infection of ascitic fluid by campylobacter jejuni in cirrhotic patients]. 19979303616
induction of anti-gm1 ganglioside antibodies by campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides.a frequent association exists between acute motor neuropathy, antecedent campylobacter jejuni (cj) and anti-gm ganglioside antibodies. despite the chemical and immunological similarity between cj lipopolysaccharides (lps) and gm1, the mechanism of induction of anti-gm1 antibodies is still unclear. we used cj lps to immunize rats, mice and immunodeficient mice lacking in nk, cd8+ or t-cell populations. none of these animals developed significant anti-gm1 titers. however, rats immunized with keyho ...19979307238
pore-forming molecules in gram-negative anaerobic bacteria.little information is available about porin molecules in anaerobes. porins from bacteroides fragilis and porphyromonas, fusobacterium, and campylobacter species have been described. a pore-forming outer membrane (om) porin protein was isolated from b. fragilis (omp-200); it is exposed at the cell surface and dissociated by boiling and application of reducing agents. fusobacterium nucleatum foma, an om porin protein of 40 kd, had a deduced topology of foma similar to that of established porins, d ...19979310708
pcr detection, identification to species level, and fingerprinting of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli direct from diarrheic samples.three sets of primers were designed for pcr detection and differentiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. the first pcr assay was designed to coidentify c. jejuni and c. coli based on their 16s rrna gene sequences. the second pcr assay, based on the hippuricase gene sequence, identified all tested reference strains of c. jejuni and also strains of that species which lack detectable hippuricase activity. the third pcr assay, based on the sequence of a cloned (putative) aspartokina ...19979316909
serum antibodies against gangliosides and campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides in miller fisher syndrome.seven patients with miller fisher syndrome (mfs), six in the acute phase and one in the recovery phase, were investigated for serum antibodies against gangliosides and purified lipopolysaccharides (lps) from different strains of campylobacter jejuni, including the mfs-associated serotypes o:2 and o:23. immunoglobulin g antibodies against gangliosides gt1a and gq1b were found in five of six patients in the acute phase of disease. three of these patients also displayed antibodies to ganglioside gd ...19979317004
distribution of serotypes of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli from danish patients, poultry, cattle and swine.the number of human cases of enteritis caused by campylobacter jejuni and c. coli is increasing in denmark and other european countries. no systemic typing has earlier been performed on campylobacter isolates of danish origin. the primary purpose of this study was to provide a serotype distribution of campylobacter isolates from danish patients and the major food production animals. in addition, the occurrence of intestinal carriers of thermophilic campylobacters among these food production anim ...19979322068
cloning and characterization of helicobacter pylori succinyl coa:acetoacetate coa-transferase, a novel prokaryotic member of the coa-transferase family.sequencing of a fragment of helicobacter pylori genome led to the identification of two open reading frames showing striking homology with coenzyme a (coa) transferases, enzymes catalyzing the reversible transfer of coa from one carboxylic acid to another. the genes were present in all h. pylori strains tested by polymerase chain reaction or slot blotting but not in campylobacter jejuni. genes for the putative a and b subunits of h. pylori coa-transferase were introduced into the bacterial expre ...19979325289
application of multiplex polymerase chain reaction for rapid identification of campylobacter jejuni and c coli associated with reproductive failure.to evaluate a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to distinguish campylobacter jejuni from c coli as causes of reproductive failure.19979328656
antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of thermophilic campylobacter spp. from humans, pigs, cattle, and broilers in denmark.the mics of 16 antimicrobial agents were determined for 202 campylobacter jejuni isolates, 123 campylobacter coli isolates, and 6 campylobacter lari isolates from humans and food animals in denmark. the c. jejuni isolates originated from humans (75), broilers (95), cattle (29), and pigs (3); the c. coli isolates originated from humans (7), broilers (17), and pigs (99); and the c. lari isolates originated from broilers (5) and cattle (1). all isolates were susceptible to apramycin, neomycin, and ...19979333055
restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and random amplified polymorphic dna analysis of campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from patients with guillain-barré syndrome.campylobacter jejuni serotype o19 strains associated with the guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and other strains were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of polymerase chain reaction products of the flaa genes and by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. rflp analysis showed that regardless of lio serotype, geographic origins, or association with gbs, the o19 isolates shared an identical digestion pattern by each of four restriction endonucleases, ddei, ...19979333178
a longitudinal study of circulating lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood during the acute stage of guillain-barré syndrome.activated t cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). blood samples from 16 patients with gbs were studied with flow cytometry during the acute stage of their disease to define circulating lymphocyte populations. during the progressive phase of gbs the t-suppressor/inducer (cd4/cd45ra) subset was decreased (10.3 +/- 4.4%, p < 0.05) and the t-helper/ inducer (cd4/cd29) subset was increased (34.9 +/- 9.2%, p < 0.05) compared to sex and age matched patients with oth ...19979335007
discrimination of campylobacter jejuni isolates by fla gene sequencing.comparison of the entire coding sequence of flaa (1,764 nucleotides) from 15 isolates of campylobacter jejuni showed two regions of high variability, one region approximately from base positions 700 to 1,450 and a short variable region (svr) from base positions 450 to 600. parsimony analysis of the svr sequences yielded a dendrogram similar to that which was derived by analysis of the entire gene. pcr was used to generate templates, and the svr was sequenced with primers constructed to hybridize ...19979350739
bacterial flavohaemoglobins: a consensus sequence and identification of a discrete enterobacterial group and of further bacterial globins.the amino acid sequences of haemoglobin-like proteins from the bacteria alcaligenes eutrophus, bacillus subtilis, erwinia chrysanthemi, escherichia coli, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vitreoscilla sp. and the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. phylogenies based on distance and parsimony analysis showed that the eubacterial group can be easily distinguished from the other haemoglobin-like proteins. the construction of a consensus bacterial flavohaemoglobin based on the alignment of six bacte ...19979351199
acute hepatitis associated with campylobacter jejuni bacteraemia.a case of acute hepatitis associated with campylobacter jejuni bacteraemia is reported. transaminase levels were increased over 50-fold in a patient with clinical features of enteritis and septicaemia. campylobacter jejuni was isolated from blood and faecal cultures. other infective and noninfective causes of acute hepatitis were excluded. the patient's symptoms and liver function values improved after antimicrobial therapy. hepatitis should be considered as a complication of human campylobacter ...19979352262
humoral immune response against campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides in guillain-barré and miller fisher syndrome.in this study we characterized the igg antibodies against lipopolysaccharides (lps) of campylobacter jejuni in serum from patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), miller fisher syndrome (mfs), c. jejuni enteritis and normal controls. in patients with gbs and mfs long-lasting titers of igg1 and igg3 antibodies against lps from gbs and mfs associated c. jejuni were found. the subclass and course of these antibodies were highly associated with those of antibodies against gm1 and gq1b in gbs and ...19979357448
specific detection and confirmation of campylobacter jejuni by dna hybridization and pcr.conventional detection and confirmation methods for campylobacter jejuni are lengthy and tedious. a rapid hybridization protocol in which a 1,475-bp chromogen-labelled dna probe (pdt1720) and campylobacter strains filtered and grown on 0.22-micron-pore-size hydrophobic grid membrane filters (hgmfs) are used was developed. among the environmental and clinical isolates of c. jejuni, campylobacter coli, campylobacter jejuni subsp. doylei, campylobacter lari, and arcobacter nitrofigilis and a panel ...19979361442
detection of campylobacter jejuni invasion of hep-2 cells by acridine orange-crystal violet staining. 19979361745
[a case of axonal form of guillain-barré syndrome associated with anti-gm1b igg antibody following penner 4 campylobacter jejuni infection].a 41-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of diarrhea followed by progressive weakness of all extremities and dysphagia. on neurological examination, she showed facial diplegia, bulbar palsy, flaccid quadriplegia, and absence of all deep tendon reflexes in addition to laségue's sign. the campylobacter jejuni penner type 4 was isolated from the culture of stool. the test of anti-gm1b antibody (igg) was positive in the serum. the protein content was elevated in the cerebrospinal flu ...19979366179
produce handling and processing practices.in the past decade, outbreaks of human illness associated with the consumption of raw vegetables and fruits (or unpasteurized products produced from them) have increased in the united states. changes in agronomic, harvesting, distribution, processing, and consumption patterns and practices have undoubtedly contributed to this increase. pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes, clostridium botulinum, and bacillus cereus are naturally present in some soil, and their presence on fresh produce is no ...19979366597
historical overview of key issues in food safety.foodborne transmission of pathogenic and toxigenic microorganisms has been a recognized hazard for decades. even half a century ago we knew about the dangers of botulism from underprocessed canned foods; staphylococcal poisoning from unrefrigerated cream-filled pastries, sliced ham, meat, and poultry salads; and salmonellosis from infected animal products. despite new protective measures, changes in preservation techniques and failure to follow recognized procedures have created new dangers. mor ...19979366600
is undifferentiated seronegative spondyloarthropathy a forme fruste of reactive arthritis?undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy (uspa) may either represent a forme fruste of other spondyloarthropathies like reactive arthritis or be a different disease entity. to study the link between uspa and reactive arthritis, we studied the presence of iga antibodies to yersinia enterocolitica, salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri, campylobacter jejuni and chlamydia trachomatis in sera from 14 patients with uspa (european spondyloarthropathy study group criteria) using elisa. escherichia coli ...19979376974
both dna gyrase and reverse gyrase are present in the hyperthermophilic bacterium thermotoga maritima.like all hyperthermophiles yet tested, the bacterium thermotoga maritima contains a reverse gyrase. here we show that it contains also a dna gyrase. the genes top2a and top2b encoding the two subunits of a dna gyrase-like enzyme have been cloned and sequenced. the top2a (type ii dna topoisomerase a protein) is more similar to gyra (dna gyrase a protein) than to parc [topoisomerase iv (topo iv) c protein]. the difference is especially striking at the c-terminal domain, which differentiates dna gy ...19979380682
subtypes of campylobacter jejuni from sporadic cases of diarrhoeal disease at different locations in england are highly diverse.serotyping (heat stable antigens) was performed on 398 strains of campylobacter jejuni from faeces of human enteritis cases in england. strains isolated over 12 months at three locations were heterogeneous with 33 hs serotypes represented. hs1 and hs4 complex were the predominant types (34% of all strains). the monthly strain frequency distributions were similar at the three locations. the late spring peak appeared to be associated with a rise in miscellaneous serotypes rather than with the emer ...19979384275
acute diarrhea associated with campylobacter jejuni subsp. doylei in são paulo, brazil. 19979384354
[antimicrobial activities of clarithromycin against recent obtained clinical isolates].in order to evaluate antimicrobial activities of clarithromycin (cam), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cam and control drugs were determined against clinical isolates that were obtained from outpatients in 1994 and 1996. the results are summarized as follows; 1. it was not showed that cam-resistant strains were increasing among staphylococcus spp., beta-streptococci, moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, bordetella pertussis, campylobacter jejuni subsp. ...19979394238
[campylobacter jejuni enteritis in three patients with hiv infection].gatrointestinal symptoms, which include diarrhea, are as common as respiratory symptoms in patients with hiv infection. gastrointestinal symptoms may result from infections, neoplasma, hiv enteropathy or drug toxicity. three hiv-infected patients admitted to our hospital complaining of diarrhea and fever. we confirmed their diagnosis as campylobacter jejuni enteritis by bacteriological examination of their feces. all of them had eaten inadequately cooked meat in restaurants before the onset of t ...19979394561
cloning and characterization of a campylobacter jejuni 72dz/92 gene encoding a 30 kda immunopositive protein, component of the abc transport system; expression of the gene in avirulent salmonella typhimurium.three gene libraries of campylobacter jejuni 72dz/92 dna were prepared using lambda gt11, psupercos and pwsk129 cloning vectors. screening of the libraries with escherichia coli absorbed antiserum generated against whole c. jejuni revealed several immunoreactive clones of apparent molecular masses 19, 28, 30 and 50 kda. the most commonly isolated clones expressed 30 kda protein. the nucleotide sequence of the 1768 bp c. jejuni dna yielded one complete (orf2) and two partial open reading frames ( ...19979395059
clinical and epidemiologic features of guillain-barré syndrome.guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is defined clinically as a peripheral neuropathy causing limb weakness that progresses for up to 4 weeks before reaching a plateau. the symptoms may be caused by inflammatory demyelination, axonal degeneration, or both. gbs occurs throughout the world, with a median incidence of 1.3 cases/100,000 population (range, 0.4-4.0). males are more commonly affected than females, and there are peaks in young adults and the elderly. there is no clear seasonal association in w ...19979396689
guillain-barré syndrome: multifactorial mechanisms versus defined subgroups.the clinical spectrum of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is summarized in relation to antecedent infections and anti-ganglioside antibodies. associations exist between a pure motor form of gbs, diarrhea, campylobacter jejuni infection, and anti-gm1 antibodies; between cranial nerve involvement and miller fisher syndrome, c. jejuni infection, and anti-gq1b antibodies; and between variants, such as severe sensory involvement and cytomegalovirus infection. these three clinical variants are suggested ...19979396690
epidemiologic and clinical features of campylobacter jejuni infections.gram-negative bacteria of the genus campylobacter and of related genera frequently colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of humans, other mammals, and birds. one organism, campylobacter jejuni, has been recognized as an important human pathogen, usually causing a diarrheal illness. infection is common throughout the world, but clinical and epidemiologic features differ in developed and developing countries. the high incidence of c. jejuni infections and their propensity to invade tissue and to in ...19979396691
microbiologic approaches for studying campylobacter species in patients with guillain-barré syndrome.campylobacter jejuni is now considered to be the most common cause of bacterial diarrheal disease in the united states. sufficient evidence exists to support the hypothesis that c. jejuni induces guillain-barré syndrome (gbs); however, many questions about the biology of the organism and host factors need to be answered. in order to study the role of c. jejuni and other campylobacter species as a cause of gbs, isolates from patients with different forms of gbs and appropriate control populations ...19979396692
structure and conserved characteristics of campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides.the lipid a component of campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides (lpss) contains the same architectural principle as that found in other bacterial species; however, unlike the case with other bacterial species, the lipid a backbone of c. jejuni strains is composed of a phosphorylated beta(1'-6)-linked disaccharide containing 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucose and d-glucosamine as the major molecular species. despite a backbone that differs structurally from that of classic enterobacterial lipid ...19979396693
association between campylobacter infection and guillain-barré syndrome.guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), a neurologic disease that produces ascending paralysis, affects people all over the world. acute infectious illnesses precede 50%-75% of the gbs cases. although many infectious agents have been associated with gbs, the strongest documented association is with campylobacter infection. the first line of evidence supporting campylobacter infection as a trigger of gbs is anecdotal reports. the second line of evidence is serologic surveys, which have demonstrated that s ...19979396695
campylobacter jejuni isolates from japanese patients with guillain-barré syndrome.serologic evidence of recent campylobacter jejuni infection was found in 92 (45%) of 205 japanese patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), and 49% of those 92 patients also had antibodies to gm1. sixteen independent clinical isolates from gbs patients were serotyped: 12 belonged to penner's heat-stable (hs) o serotype hs-19, 3 to hs-2, and 1 to hs-4. of the patients whose c. jejuni isolates belonged to hs-19, 80% had elevated anti-gm1 antibodies. although the correlation was significant betw ...19979396696
diversity of lipopolysaccharide structures in campylobacter jejuni.immune blots of electrophoresed lipopolysaccharides extracted from 38 campylobacter jejuni serostrains suggested the presence of o chains in 16 strains and their absence in 22. structural analysis confirmed the presence of o chains in serostrains o:19, o:23, and o:36 and the absence of o chains in serostrains o:1, o:2, and o:3. the o:19 strain has o repeat units of beta-d-glucuronic acid amidated with 2-amino-2-deoxyglycerol and n-acetylglucosamine. the 0:36 o chain has four different but closel ...19979396697
guillain-barré syndrome in south africa associated with campylobacter jejuni o:41 strains.over a 20-month period, 3 adult and 6 pediatric patients were diagnosed with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) at groote schuur and red cross hospitals in cape town. all 9 gbs patients had campylobacter jejuni biotype 2, serotype o:41 in their stools. c. jejuni infection was confirmed by elisa testing of patient sera. strains of this sero-biotype are rare: only 12 such strains, including the gbs-associated strains, were recognized among 776 campylobacter strains isolated and identified at red cross ...19979396698
molecular mimicry between gangliosides and lipopolysaccharides of campylobacter jejuni isolated from patients with guillain-barré syndrome and miller fisher syndrome.some patients developed guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) after being given bovine gangliosides. patients with gbs subsequent to campylobacter jejuni enteritis frequently have igg antibody to gm1 ganglioside. miller fisher syndrome (mfs), a variant of gbs, is associated with igg antibody to gq1b ganglioside. the existence of molecular mimicry between gm1 and lipopolysaccharide of c. jejuni isolated from a gbs patient and that between gq1b and c. jejuni lipopolysaccharides from patients with mfs are ...19979396700
acute immune polyneuropathies: correlations of serum antibodies to campylobacter jejuni and helicobacter pylori with anti-gm1 antibodies and clinical patterns of disease.antecedent campylobacter jejuni infection, detected by serologic tests, has been implicated in some acute immune polyneuropathies (aip). antibodies to helicobacter pylori, c. jejuni, and gm1 ganglioside were measured in sera from 35 chinese patients with aip. anti-gm1 antibodies were found in 54% of c. jejuni-seropositive, h. pylori-seronegative patients. in contrast, anti-gm1 antibodies were rare in sera that were either seropositive for both c. jejuni and h. pylori (p = .04) or seronegative fo ...19979396701
p2-reactive t cells in inflammatory demyelination of the peripheral nerve.lewis rats immunized with p2 protein, a 14.5-kda protein of the peripheral nerve myelin, develop experimental allergic neuritis, a paralytic disorder with clinical, histologic, and electrophysiologic features similar to those of human guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). t cells reactive to p2 protein or a peptide corresponding to 53-78 residues of the protein can transfer the disease to naive animals. the mechanisms by which these t cells induce demyelination are not well understood; however, they ma ...19979396703
insights into campylobacter jejuni-induced guillain-barré syndrome from the lewis rat model of experimental allergic neuritis.experimental allergic neuritis (ean) is considered the in vivo model of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and has been extensively studied in the lewis rat. both cellular and humoral components of the immune response are implicated in the inflammatory demyelination of peripheral nerves that characterizes ean. the recognition of campylobacter jejuni infection as a frequent antecedent event in gbs, and in particular its association with anti-ganglioside antibodies and a primary axonal neuropathy, has ...19979396704
mechanisms of schwann cell damage in inflammatory neuropathy.inflammatory demyelination of nerve in guillain-barré syndrome is triggered in most patients by prior infection with one of a series of organisms, including campylobacter jejuni. the resulting inflammatory cascade, involving t cells, macrophages, complement, and cytokines, disrupts physiologic function of the peripheral nerve in part by targeting schwann cells, the multipotential glial cells that synthesize multilamellar, compacted myelin and secrete growth factors. in vitro evidence suggests th ...19979396705
differential distribution of hla alleles in two forms of guillain-barré syndrome.guillain-barré syndrome in northern china occurs in two forms: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (aidp) and acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman). aman and aidp have an immunologic basis, and some cases are associated with preceding campylobacter jejuni infection. the distribution of allelic forms of the histocompatibility genes hla-dpb1, dqb1, drb1, drb3, drb4, and drb5 was examined by dna-based technology in 34 control, 12 aidp, and 31 aman cases. in aidp patients, the drb1*1301 a ...19979396707
vaccines against campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of diarrhea worldwide. the gastrointestinal manifestations of campylobacter infection range from watery diarrhea to severe dysentery. campylobacter infection has also been linked to the postinfectious sequelae of reactive arthritis and guillain-barré syndrome. evidence from epidemiologic and volunteer studies suggests that development of a vaccine to prevent gastrointestinal disease and limit colonization is possible. efforts to develop live ...19979396708
regulatory considerations for campylobacter vaccine development.the high, worldwide incidence of campylobacter jejuni-associated diarrheal disease has recently prompted the development of anti-campylobacter vaccines. however, the association of c. jejuni infections with subsequent development of guillain-barré syndrome has increased concerns from a pathogenesis standpoint and from a vaccine development and regulation standpoint. this brief overview describes the purpose and process of food and drug administration review of vaccine products and highlights som ...19979396709
direct detection by pcr of escherichia coli o157 and enteropathogens in patients with bloody diarrhea.direct detection of escherichia coli o157 and foodborne pathogens associated with bloody diarrhea were achieved using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) after the preparation of dna from stool specimens using the microspin technique. pcr was compared with cultivation and toxin production tests with respect to the efficiency of detection of each pathogen; e. coli o157, vibrio parahaemolyticus, salmonella serovar enteritidis and campylobacter jejuni. detection of some or all of the above pathogens in ...19979403509
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