Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| chronic hepatitis e in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients in a low-endemic country? | cases of chronic hepatitis e have been described in patients after kidney and liver transplantation. in addition, hepatitis e virus (hev) reactivation was reported after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). we here evaluated if hev infection might explain elevated liver enzymes in a well selected cohort of allogeneic hsct patients with biochemical evidence of hepatitis (n = 52). of note, none of the subjects tested positive for hev rna, including 2 hsct patients who had been infected ... | 2011 | 22212560 |
| detecting hepatitis e virus with a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | this study aimed to develop a specific and sensitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (rt-pcr-elisa) for detecting hepatitis e virus (hev). eight sets of primers and biotinylated probes designed in the orf2-orf3 overlapping region of hev were tested for sensitivity. the ability of nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rt-pcr-elisa to detect hev was compared. rt-pcr-elisa was 10-100 times more sensitive than nested rt- ... | 2011 | 23412763 |
| work-related health effects among wastewater treatment plants workers. | raw sewage contains various pathogenic organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungus, worms and protozoa. workers at wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) are exposed to these organisms as well as to h2s gas causing many health hazards. | 2011 | 23022842 |
| [hepatitis c viruses infection situation in the human population of six provinces in china]. | to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis c viruse infection in the human population in six regions of beijing, heilongjiang, shandong, ningxia, gansu and sichuan in china. | 2011 | 22734232 |
| [genetic analysis of echovirus 30 isolated from acute meningitis/encephalitis syndrome cases in linyi city of shandong province, china]. | to investigate the pathogen spectrum constitution of hev related to acute meningitis/encephalitis syndrome (ames) and to analyze the genetic characterization of the echovirus 30 (echo30) isolates. | 2011 | 22734221 |
| hepatitis e virus enters liver cells through receptor-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis. | we investigated the virus-host interaction for hepatitis e virus (hev) by performing competitive binding assays using in vitro assembled virus-like particles (vlps). we used escherichia coli expressed native capsid protein (porf2) and its mutants with an attached gly((5))-ala (linker) reporter [enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp)/firefly luciferase (fluc)]. transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking showed near uniform particles of approximately 30-35 nm in diameter for por ... | 2011 | 22571906 |
| acute pancreatitis in acute viral hepatitis. | the association of acute viral hepatitis and acute pancreatitis is well described. this study was conducted to find out the frequency of pancreatic involvement in acute viral hepatitis in the nepalese population. | 2011 | 22335088 |
| coinfection of hepatitis a virus genotype ia and iiia complicated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, prolonged cholestasis, and false-positive immunoglobulin m anti-hepatitis e virus: a case report. | a 37-year-old male presented with fever and jaundice was diagnosed as hepatitis a complicated with progressive cholestasis and severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia. he was treated with high-dose prednisolone (1.5 mg/kg), and eventually recovered. his initial serum contained genotype ia hepatitis a virus (hav), which was subsequently replaced by genotype iiia hav. moreover, at the time of development of hemolytic anemia, he became positive for immunoglobulin m (igm) anti-hepatitis e virus (hev). we ... | 2011 | 22310798 |
| author's reply: hepatitis e virus infection in iranian kidney-transplant patients. | 2011 | 22308160 | |
| hepatitis e virus infection in iranian kidney-transplant patients. | 2011 | 22308159 | |
| hev-capsid protein interacts with cytochrome p4502c8 and retinol-binding protein 4. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major causative agent of acute clinical hepatitis in adults throughout much of asia, the middle east, and africa. the lack of an efficient cell culture system for hev has greatly limited our understanding of the mechanisms of infection, replication, and pathogenicity of this virus. the yeast two-hybridization system is considered to be an efficient method for determining protein-protein interactions and screening interactive proteins associated with host cells. | 2011 | 22308156 |
| hepatitis e virus infection: more common than previously realized? | 2011 | 22298973 | |
| pleconaril revisited: clinical course of chronic enteroviral meningoencephalitis after treatment correlates with in vitro susceptibility. | human enteroviruses (hevs) can cause severe infections, especially in patients with a deficient humoral immune response, such as x-linked agammaglobulinemia. in this patient group, chronic enteroviral meningitis (cema) is feared because of extensive morbidity and high fatality rate. treatment options consist of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig), with various outcomes. pleconaril is an antiviral agent with in vitro activity against hevs that has been used in the treatment of hev infections. | 2011 | 22293148 |
| immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging pathogen and the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis all over the world. we describe here an immunohistochemical method for the detection of hev antigens (porf2 and porf3) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver tissues using monoclonal antibodies raised against two of the virus proteins (porf2 and porf3). we analysed their specificity and sensitivity in comparison with serology and nucleic acid detection in cases of acute liver failure (alf). we ... | 2011 | 22239516 |
| seroepidemiology and molecular characterization of hepatitis e virus in macaca mulatta from a village in yunnan, china, where infection with this virus is endemic. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a significant public health concern and has been identified as a zoonotic infection. | 2011 | 22235219 |
| hepatitis e: epidemiology and prevention. | hepatitis e is caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev), the major etiologic agent of enterically transmitted non-a hepatitis worldwide. hev is responsible for major outbreaks of acute hepatitis in developing countries, especially in many parts of africa and asia. the hev is a spherical, non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive sense rna virus that is approximately 32 nm to 34 nm in diameter and is the only member in the family hepeviridae and genus hepevirus. there are four distinct genotypes of h ... | 2011 | 22216368 |
| prevalence of anti-hev igm among blood donors in egypt. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis (avh) in developing countries. in egypt; where up to 80% of the inhabitants of rural villages have anti-hev antibodies denoting past infection, most of these infections are asymptomatic with little evidence that the infection causes avh. there are accumulating reports which suggest potential risk of hev transmission by blood transfusion. however, detection of serological markers for hev infection or hev rna in egyptian blood bank ... | 2011 | 23082470 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in pigs in northern italy. | the prevalence of the hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in pigs in northern italy was serologically examined. the survey was carried out on 39 farms: 17 farrow-to-feeder, 10 farrow-to-finish, and 12 fattening enterprises. there were 1,422 sera that were tested using commercial indirect elisa. this method originally developed for testing human sera was adapted for the analysis of pig sera. all farms except one (97.43%) and 714 sera samples (50.21%) resulted positive for anti-hev igg antibodies. t ... | 2011 | 22957120 |
| cross-species infections of cultured cells by hepatitis e virus and discovery of an infectious virus-host recombinant. | the rna virus, hepatitis e virus (hev) is the most or second-most important cause of acute clinical hepatitis in adults throughout much of asia, the middle east, and africa. in these regions it is an important cause of acute liver failure, especially in pregnant women who have a mortality rate of 20-30%. until recently, hepatitis e was rarely identified in industrialized countries, but hepatitis e now is reported increasingly throughout western europe, some eastern european countries, and japan. ... | 2011 | 21262830 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in macaca mulatta. | 2011 | 22224088 | |
| hepatitis e virus: an underdiagnosed cause of chronic hepatitis in renal transplant recipients. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection can evolve to chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients leading to rapidly progressive cirrhosis. proper diagnosis is therefore important, as reducing immunosuppressive therapy can allow clearance of the virus. we report a case of chronic hev infection in a renal transplant recipient that went undiagnosed for many years, discuss the therapeutic options, and review the current available literature. | 2011 | 22093456 |
| Acute hepatitis E infection accounts for some cases of suspected drug-induced liver injury. | The diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury relies on exclusion of other causes, including viral hepatitis A, B, and C. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has been proposed as another cause of suspected drug-induced liver disease. We assessed the frequency of HEV infection among patients with drug-induced liver injury in the United States. | 2011 | 21855518 |
| [virological characteristics of hepatitis e virus]. | 2011 | 22096983 | |
| Hepatitis e virus in rats, los angeles, california, USA. | The role of rats in human hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections remains controversial. A genetically distinct HEV was recently isolated from rats in Germany, and its genome was sequenced. We have isolated a genetically similar HEV from urban rats in Los Angeles, California, USA, and characterized its ability to infect laboratory rats and nonhuman primates. Two strains of HEV were isolated from serum samples of 134 wild rats that had a seroprevalence of antibodies against HEV of ˜80%. Virus was tran ... | 2011 | 22172320 |
| ephrin-b2 and ephrin-b3 as functional henipavirus receptors. | members of the ephrin cell-surface protein family interact with the eph receptors, the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases, mediating bi-directional signaling during tumorogenesis and various developmental events. surprisingly, ephrin-b2 and -b3 were recently identified as entry receptors for henipaviruses, emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses responsible for repeated outbreaks in humans and animals in australia, southeast asia, india and bangladesh. nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) ... | 2011 | 22227101 |
| structure of hepatitis e viral particle. | hepatitis e is acute hepatitis caused by infection of hepatitis e virus (hev) via a fecal-to-oral or zoonotic route. hev is a small, non-enveloped virus containing positive strand rna as a genome. recently, the three-dimensional structures of the hev-like particles and spike domain protruded from the surface of the particle expressed by recombinant baculovirus or bacteria have been revealed. based on these reports, the structural features of the hev capsid subunit and viral particle are reviewed ... | 2011 | 21440590 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in developed countries. | hepatitis e was considered to be endemic infectious disease in developing countries in tropical or subtropical regions with poor sanitary conditions. large, previously reported outbreaks were mainly due to contaminated water or heavy flooding. prototype hepatitis e viruses of genotypes i and ii were obtained from such endemic cases. in developed countries, in contrast, hepatitis e was rare and diagnosed only in travelers or imported cases. however, the development of accurate diagnostic tests, m ... | 2011 | 21443914 |
| three amino acid mutations (f51l, t59a, and s390l) in the capsid protein of the hepatitis e virus collectively contribute to virus attenuation. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important but extremely understudied human pathogen, and the mechanisms of hev replication and pathogenesis are largely unknown. we previously identified an attenuated genotype 3 hev mutant (pshev-1) containing three unique amino acid mutations (f51l, t59a, and s390l) in the capsid protein. to determine the role of each of these mutations, we constructed three hev single mutants (rf51l, rt59a, and rs390l) which were all found to be replication competent in huh7 live ... | 2011 | 21450834 |
| clinical characteristics and risk factors of sporadic hepatitis e in central china. | epidemiological investigations, detections and vaccines of hepatitis e (he) have been paid a focus of attention in prior studies, while studies on clinical features and risk factors with a large number of sporadic he patients are scarce. | 2011 | 21453549 |
| a novel member of the family hepeviridae from cutthroat trout (oncorhynchus clarkii). | beginning in 1988, the chinook salmon embryo (chse-214) cell line was used to isolate a novel virus from spawning adult trout in the state of california, usa. termed the cutthroat trout (oncorhynchus clarkii) virus (ctv), the small, round virus was not associated with disease, but was subsequently found to be present in an increasing number of trout populations in the western usa, likely by a combination of improved surveillance activities and the shipment of infected eggs to new locations. here ... | 2011 | 21458509 |
| clinical presentation of hepatitis e. | hepatitis e is a form of acute hepatitis, which is caused by infection with hepatitis e virus. the infection is transmitted primarily through fecal-oral route and the disease is highly endemic in several developing countries with opportunities for contamination of drinking water. in these areas with high endemicity, it occurs as outbreaks and as sporadic cases of acute hepatitis. the illness often resembles that associated with other hepatotropic viruses and is usually self-limiting; in some cas ... | 2011 | 21458513 |
| [chronic hepatitis e.] | the hepatitis e virus is an rna virus with 4 genotypes. genotypes 1 and 2 only affect humans and produce epidemic acute hepatitis in endemic regions (asia and africa). genotypes 3 and 4 are considered a zoonosis and produce episodic acute hepatitis in non-endemic areas (america and europe). however, in the last 3years there have been cases of chronic hev hepatitis, mainly in immunosuppressed patients. here we review the known data of chronic hepatitis e in terms of evolution and treatment. | 2011 | 21458830 |
| hepatitis e virus infections in swine and swine handlers in vellore, southern india. | hepatitis e virus (hev) in industrialized countries is zoonotically transmitted, and swine act as a major reservoir of hev. serum samples from 102 swine and plasma from 34 swine handlers in vellore, india were tested by using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to detect and genotype hev. we measured levels of igg against hev in swine handlers and in age and geographically matched controls from rural and urban populations in vellore. hev was amplified from two pigs and both viruses ... | 2011 | 21460025 |
| detection and molecular characterization of sporadic cases of acute human hepatitis e virus infection in uruguay. | in developing countries, hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a public-health concern because it causes epidemics and waterborne outbreaks. in south america, few hev strains have been characterized at the molecular level. we report the detection and molecular analysis of the first set of sporadic cases of autochthonous human genotype 3 hev infection in uruguay. | 2011 | 21465084 |
| both swine and human cells are capable to support the replication of swine hepatitis e virus type 4 in vitro. | using swine anal swab or liver as inocula, cell-culture systems were developed for swine hepatitis e virus (hev) in swine cells (ibrs-2) and human cells (a549). both positive and negative strand of swine hev rna were detected continuously. cytopathic effect appeared from passage 8 in ibrs-2 and passage 22 in a549. viral antigen was detected by indirect immunofluorescent assay in infected cells. progenies harbored mutations in the third nucleotide of codon. amino acid changes occurred in passage ... | 2011 | 21470567 |
| hepatitis e virus in italy: molecular analysis of travel-related and autochthonous cases. | human hepatitis e virus (hev) is considered an emerging pathogen in industrialized countries. the aim of the present study was to contribute to the body of knowledge available on the molecular epidemiology of acute hepatitis e in italy. three sets of hev-specific primers targeting the orf1 and orf2 were used to examine serum samples collected from acute hepatitis patients positive for anti-hev igg and/or igm, between 2007 and 2010. seventeen patients (39.5%) tested hev rna-positive: 12 infection ... | 2011 | 21471314 |
| a nationwide survey of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in wild boars in japan: identification of boar hev strains of genotypes 3 and 4 and unrecognized genotypes. | to investigate the nationwide prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and to characterize hev genomes among japanese wild boars (sus scrofa leucomystax), 578 boars captured in 25 prefectures from 2003 to 2010 were studied. anti-hev igg was detected in 8.1%, and hev rna in 3.3% of boars. among the 19 boar hev isolates obtained from infected boars, 14 isolates (74%) were classified as genotype 3, 4 isolates (21%) as genotype 4, and the remaining isolate (wbjoy_06) was distantly related to ... | 2011 | 21475985 |
| hepatitis e virus orf2 protein over-expressed by baculovirus in hepatoma cells, efficiently encapsidates and transmits the viral rna to naïve cells. | abstract: a recombinant baculovirus(vbacorf2) that expressed the full-length orf2 capsid protein of a genotype 1 strain of hepatitis e virus(hev) was constructed. transduction of s10-3 human hepatoma cells with this baculovirus led to large amounts of orf2 protein production in ~50% of the cells as determined by immune fluorescence microscopy. the majority of the orf2 protein detected by western blot was 72 kda, the size expected for the full-length protein. to determine if the exogenously-suppl ... | 2011 | 21477278 |
| clinical and epidemiological aspects of a hepatitis e outbreak in bangui, central african republic. | abstract: | 2011 | 21492477 |
| a sporadic case of genotype 3f acute hepatitis e in mayotte. | 2011 | 21493025 | |
| microbiological safety of porcine islets: comparison with source pig. | pig islet donors intended for clinical xenotransplantation for the treatment of diabetes must meet stringent conditions. among others, viruses with the potential to cross the species barrier should be excluded from the herd: this list includes encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), hepatitis e virus (hev), porcine cytomegalovirus (pcmv) and porcine γ-lymphotropic herpesvirus (plhv). as an islet product is isolated from the pancreas and then subjected to culture before implantation, the question is r ... | 2011 | 21496116 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in hiv-infected patients with elevated serum transaminases levels. | abstract: increases in aminotransferases levels are frequently encountered in hiv-positive patients and often remain unexplained. the role in this setting and natural history of hepatitis e in hiv-infected patients are unknown. the aim of the study was to assess hev infection in hiv-infected patients attending a parisian hospital, with a current or previous cryptogenic hepatitis.191 plasma samples collected from 108 hiv-infected patients with elevated aminotransferases levels were retrospectivel ... | 2011 | 21496215 |
| modes of paramyxovirus fusion: a henipavirus perspective. | henipavirus is a new genus of paramyxoviridae that uses protein-based receptors (ephrinb2 and ephrinb3) for virus entry. paramyxovirus entry requires the coordinated action of the fusion (f) and attachment viral envelope glycoproteins. receptor binding to the attachment protein triggers f to undergo a conformational cascade that results in membrane fusion. the accumulation of structural and functional studies on many paramyxoviral fusion and attachment proteins, including the recent elucidation ... | 2011 | 21511478 |
| sustained virologic response with ribavirin in chronic hepatitis e virus infection in heart transplantation. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging problem amongst transplant recipients. we report a patient with chronic hev hepatitis after a heart transplant. the patient received a 3-month course of oral ribavirin (17 mg/kg/day). hev rna became undetectable in the serum after 1 month of treatment and remained undetectable in serum and stool samples until the last follow-up, 2 months after completion of ribavirin therapy. the values of liver function indicators returned to normal reference ranges. the m ... | 2011 | 21515077 |
| ammonia disinfection of hatchery waste for elimination of single-stranded rna viruses. | hatchery waste, an animal by-product of the poultry industry, needs sanitation treatment before further use as fertiliser or as substrate in biogas or composting plants, owing to the potential presence of opportunistic pathogens, including zoonotic viruses. effective sanitation is also important in viral epizootic outbreaks and as a routine, ensuring high hygiene standards on farms. this study examined the use of ammonia at different concentrations and temperatures to disinfect hatchery waste. i ... | 2011 | 21515734 |
| detection and phylogenetic characterization of human hepatitis e virus strains, czech republic. | to determine the origin of hepatitis e virus in the czech republic, we analyzed patient clinical samples. five isolates of genotypes 3e, 3f, and 3g were obtained. their genetic relatedness with czech strains from domestic pigs and wild boars and patient recollections suggest an autochthonous source likely linked to consumption of contaminated pork. | 2011 | 21529412 |
| prior infection of pigs with a genotype 3 swine hepatitis e virus (hev) protects against subsequent challenges with homologous and heterologous genotypes 3 and 4 human hev. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important human pathogen. at least four recognized and two putative genotypes of mammalian hev have been reported: genotypes 1 and 2 are restricted to humans whereas genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic. the current experimental vaccines are all based on a single strain of hev, even though multiple genotypes of hev are co-circulating in some countries and thus an individual may be exposed to more than one genotype. genotypes 3 and 4 swine hev is widespread in pigs and kno ... | 2011 | 21536085 |
| design and evaluation of a recombinant multi-epitope-based elisa for the serological surveillance of hev infection in northern china. | in this study, seven recombinant epitope peptides from within the orf2 protein of the local genotype 4 swine hepatitis e virus (hev) dq strain were designed and analyzed. then, a new multi-epitope-based elisa was established. in comparison with a commercial kit, this test exhibited good specificity and sensitivity for anti-hev genotype 4. subsequently, this test was applied for analyzing serum samples from either swine herds or human populations in northern china. the overall seroprevalence rate ... | 2011 | 21544544 |
| severe hepatotoxicity and probable hepatorenal syndrome associated with sulfadiazine. | purpose the case of a patient who developed hepatorenal syndrome during treatment with sulfadiazine for toxoplasmosis retinitis is reported. summary a 20-year-old caucasian woman weighing 59 kg was admitted to the infectious diseases ward of a hospital in may 2009 with nausea, vomiting, and jaundice. in march 2009, she was diagnosed with toxoplasmosis retinitis and received sulfadiazine 3 g daily, pyrimethamine 50 mg daily, leucovorin 15 mg daily, and prednisolone 75 mg daily; she continued thes ... | 2011 | 21546639 |
| autoimmune fulminant liver failure in adults: experience in a japanese center. | aim: after the establishment of the international criteria of autoimmune hepatitis (aih) in 1999 and the recognition of acute onset aih, the diagnosis of patients with fulminant type of aih came to be made. we diagnosed autoimmune fulminant liver failure based on the criteria, and discussed the etiology of fulminant hepatitis (fh) and late onset hepatic failure (lohf), and the characteristics of autoimmune fulminant liver failure. methods: we investigated the etiology of 95 consecutive adult p ... | 2011 | 21269383 |
| acute autochthonous hepatitis e in western patients with underlying chronic liver disease: a role for ribavirin? | 2011 | 21281681 | |
| gene expression profiles of t cells from hepatitis e virus infected patients in acute and resolving phase. | approximately 50% of acute viral hepatitis in young adults and in pregnant women is due to hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in developing countries. t cell-mediated immune injury probably plays a key role in the pathogenesis of acute hepatitis illness. however, there is a paucity of data on the global gene expression programs activated on t cells, which are subsequently responsible for t cell recruitment to the liver and triggering of immune injury. | 2011 | 21287396 |
| hepatitis e virus and neurologic disorders. | information about the spectrum of disease caused by hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 is emerging. during 2004-2009, at 2 hospitals in the united kingdom and france, among 126 patients with locally acquired acute and chronic hev genotype 3 infection, neurologic complications developed in 7 (5.5%): inflammatory polyradiculopathy (n = 3), guillain-barre syndrome (n = 1), bilateral brachial neuritis (n = 1), encephalitis (n = 1), and ataxia/proximal myopathy (n = 1). three cases occurred in nonimm ... | 2011 | 21291585 |
| analysing complete genome sequence of swine hepatitis e virus (hev), strain chn-xj-sw13 isolated from xinjiang, china: putative host range, and disease severity determinants in hev. | hepatitis e is a worldwide public health problem, particular in areas where hygiene conditions are poor. hepatitis e virus (hev) has at least four genotypes: genotypes 1 and 2 exclusively infect human; while genotypes 3 and 4, are considered to be a zoonotic agent, infecting both humans and animals. this study was aimed at determining why genotype 3 and 4 hev strains isolated from swine are able to cross species borders, whereas genotype1 and 2 strains isolated from humans are not. the full leng ... | 2011 | 21292034 |
| efficient cell culture systems for hepatitis e virus strains in feces and circulating blood. | attempts have been made to propagate hepatitis e virus (hev) in primary hepatocyte culture and various other cultured cells. however, the replication ability of hev recovered from culture media remains extremely low. recently, efficient culture systems have been established in plc/prf/5 (hepatocellular carcinoma) and a549 (lung cancer) cell lines for hev strains of genotypes 3 and 4 in our laboratory. they originated in fecal extracts from patients containing hev rna in extremely high-titers (10 ... | 2011 | 21294213 |
| an efficient binomial model-based measure for sequence comparison and its application. | sequence comparison is one of the major tasks in bioinformatics, which could serve as evidence of structural and functional conservation, as well as of evolutionary relations. there are several similarity/dissimilarity measures for sequence comparison, but challenges remains. this paper presented a binomial model-based measure to analyze biological sequences. with help of a random indicator, the occurrence of a word at any position of sequence can be regarded as a random bernoulli variable, and ... | 2011 | 21294594 |
| emerging tropical diseases in australia. part 5. hendra virus. | hendra virus (hev) was first isolated in 1994, from a disease outbreak involving at least 21 horses and two humans in the brisbane suburb of hendra, australia. the affected horses and humans all developed a severe but unidentified respiratory disease that resulted in the deaths of one of the human cases and the deaths or putting down of 14 of the horses. the virus, isolated by culture from a horse and the kidney of the fatal human case, was initially characterised as a new member of the genus mo ... | 2011 | 21294944 |
| hemolysis and methemoglobinemia due to hepatitis e virus infection in patient with g6pd deficiency. | 2011 | 21302113 | |
| standardization of hepatitis e virus (hev) nucleic acid amplification technique-based assays: an initial study to evaluate a panel of hev strains and investigate laboratory performance. | the performance of hepatitis e virus (hev) rna nucleic acid amplification (nat)-based assays has been investigated using a panel of hev-containing plasma samples. the panel comprised 22 hev-positive plasma samples representing 10-fold serial dilutions of hev genotypes 3a, 3b, 3f, and 4c obtained from blood donors. two negative-control plasma samples were included. all samples were blinded. the plasma samples were prepared as liquid/frozen materials and distributed to participants on dry ice. lab ... | 2011 | 21307208 |
| taqman real-time reverse transcription-pcr assay for universal detection and quantification of avian hepatitis e virus from clinical samples in the presence of a heterologous internal control rna. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) isolates could be separated into at least three genotypes. in this study, the development of the first duplex taqman real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay for detection and quantification of avian hev is presented. primers and probes binding within relatively conserved open reading frame 3 (orf3) were designed. tenfold dilution series of in vitro-transcribed avian hev rna were used as the standard for quantification. a 712-bp region of the green fluores ... | 2011 | 21307216 |
| hepatitis e virus cell culture models. | early studies reported the propagation of hepatitis e virus (hev) in either primary hepatocytes or several established cell lines, but replication was inefficient. efficient cell culture systems for hev in plc/prf/5 and a549 cells have recently been established, using inoculum of fecal suspensions with high hev loads, originally obtained from patients with genotype 3 hev (the je03-1760f strain, 2.0×10(7)copies/ml) or genotype 4 hev (the he-jf5/15f strain, 1.3×10(7)copies/ml), and many generation ... | 2011 | 21316402 |
| from barnyard to food table: the omnipresence of hepatitis e virus and risk for zoonotic infection and food safety. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important but extremely understudied pathogen. the mechanisms of hev replication and pathogenesis are poorly understood, and a vaccine against hev is not yet available. hev is classified in the family hepeviridae consisting of at least four recognized major genotypes. genotypes 1 and 2 hev are restricted to humans and associated with epidemics in developing countries, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 hev are zoonotic and responsible for sporadic cases worldwide. the identi ... | 2011 | 21316404 |
| discovery of hepatitis e: the epidemic non-a, non-b hepatitis 30 years down the memory lane. | hepatitis e was first recognised during an epidemic of hepatitis, which occurred in kashmir valley in 1978. the epidemic involved an estimated 52,000 cases of icteric hepatitis with 1700 deaths. the disease had unique clinical and epidemiological features. the epidemic was water-borne with highly compressed epidemic curve. following the epidemic, secondary waves of hepatitis did not occur. clinical profile was characterized by cholestasis in around 20% of patients. the disease predominantly occu ... | 2011 | 21320558 |
| investigating an outbreak of acute viral hepatitis caused by hepatitis e virus variants in karachi, south pakistan. | hepatitis e is a classic water-borne disease in developing countries. detection of anti-hev igm and igg antibodies, in addition to hev rna are useful epidemiological markers in diagnosis of hepatitis e. this study was conducted to investigate an outbreak of acute viral hepatitis in south-pakistan. anti-hev igm and igg were assessed comparatively with serological kits manufactured by abbott, cosmic, tgh, and wantai, selecting hev rna as reference assay. molecular evolutionary analysis was perform ... | 2011 | 21328376 |
| numerical characteristics of word frequencies and their application to dissimilarity measure for sequence comparison. | sequence comparison is one of the major tasks in bioinformatics, which can be used to study structural and functional conservation, as well as evolutionary relations among the sequences. numerous dissimilarity measures achieve promising results in sequence comparison, but challenges remain. this paper studied numerical characteristics of word frequencies and proposed a novel dissimilarity measure for sequence comparison. instead of using the word frequencies directly, the proposed measure consid ... | 2011 | 21334347 |
| [prevention of virus hepatitis a to e]. | infection with hepatitis viruses can lead to acute hepatitis with the risk of developing liver failure. chronic viral hepatitis may evolve into liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. thus, prevention of viral hepatitis and its sequels is essential. vaccination against hepatitis a is successful in almost all individuals. protective antibodies maintain for at least 20 years. booster vaccinations are not necessary. since the introduction of hepatitis a vaccines, the incidence of new hav-infe ... | 2011 | 21340533 |
| [sero-epidemiology of six viruses natural infection in tupaia belangeri chinensis]. | tupaia (tupaia belangeris chinensis, tree shrew) as a new experiment animal in medicine are non-rodent, small animals and close to primates in evolution. experimental animals infected with viruses will affect the animal's health, interference experiment, and even endanger the operator's safety. therefore, the viral infection in experimental animals has long been considered an important part of quality control. lack of clearer viral natural infection information on the t. belangeris limits its us ... | 2011 | 21341379 |
| molecular virology of hepatitis e virus. | this review details the molecular virology of the hepatitis e virus (hev). while replicons and in vitro infection systems have recently become available, a lot of information on hev has been generated through comparisons with better-studied positive-strand rna viruses and through subgenomic expression of viral open reading frames. these models are now being verified with replicon and infection systems. we provide here the current knowledge on the hev genome and its constituent proteins - orf1, o ... | 2011 | 21345356 |
| hepatitis associated aplastic anemia: a review. | hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (haaa) is an uncommon but distinct variant of aplastic anemia in which pancytopenia appears two to three months after an acute attack of hepatitis. haaa occurs most frequently in young male children and is lethal if leave untreated. the etiology of this syndrome is proposed to be attributed to various hepatitis and non hepatitis viruses. several hepatitis viruses such as hav, hbv, hcv, hdv, hev and hgv have been associated with this set of symptoms. viruses o ... | 2011 | 21352606 |
| factors associated with chronic hepatitis in patients with hepatitis e virus infection who have received solid organ transplants. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection can cause chronic hepatitis in recipients of solid organ transplants. however, the factors that contribute to chronic infection and the outcomes of these patients are incompletely understood. we performed a retrospective analysis of data from 17 centers from europe and the united states that described the progression, outcomes, and factors associated with development of chronic hev infection in recipients of transplanted solid organs. | 2011 | 21354150 |
| hepatitis e virus orf3 antigens derived from genotype 1 and 4 viruses are detected with varying efficiencies by an anti-hev enzyme immunoassay. | the function of the hepatitis e virus (hev) open reading frame 3 (orf3) protein product remains unclear but it is able to induce a strong antibody response following hev infection. therefore, it has been used in some enzyme immunoassays (eias) for detecting anti-hev antibody. in order to evaluate the difference in antigenicity of hev orf3 polypeptides derived from genotypes 1 and 4, two eias were developed, based on orf3 polypeptides from genotypes 1 and 4 hev. serial weekly serum samples from t ... | 2011 | 21360543 |
| isolation and characterization of two new hepatitis e virus genotype 1 strains from two mini-outbreaks in lahore, pakistan. | pakistan is a highly endemic area for hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. the aim of the current study was to isolate and characterize strains of hev in two mini outbreaks. | 2011 | 21371336 |
| presence of enteric hepatitis viruses in the sewage and population of greater cairo. | in egypt, the disease burden of viral hepatitis is one of the heaviest worldwide. we conducted a survey of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) in patients and sewage in cairo. our data showed that hav (genotype ib) was predominant over hev (genotype 3) and was circulating in the population and the environment. | 2011 | 21375654 |
| maternal transfer of antibodies to the offspring after mice immunization with insect larvae-derived recombinant hepatitis e virus orf-2 proteins. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of acute hepatitis in humans, causing outbreaks and epidemics in regions with sub-optimal sanitary conditions, in many of which it is endemic. nowadays there is no specific therapy or licensed vaccines against hev infection. in this study, we have analyzed in mice the immunogenicity of hev open-reading frame 2 (orf-2) protein, and a truncated form of it lacking the first 111 amino acids, efficiently expressed in an improved baculovirus-based technology us ... | 2011 | 21376089 |
| synthetic protocells interact with viral nanomachinery and inactivate pathogenic human virus. | we present a new antiviral strategy and research tool that could be applied to a wide range of enveloped viruses that infect human beings via membrane fusion. we test this strategy on two emerging zoonotic henipaviruses that cause fatal encephalitis in humans, nipah (niv) and hendra (hev) viruses. in the new approach, artificial cell-like particles (protocells) presenting membrane receptors in a biomimetic manner were developed and found to attract and inactivate henipavirus envelope glycoprotei ... | 2011 | 21390296 |
| prevention of hepatitis e: another step forward. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is frequently implicated in cases with acute viral hepatitis, particularly in developing countries. the infection, transmitted mainly by the fecal-oral route, is generally self-limited. a few affected individuals develop fulminant hepatic failure, a serious condition that is frequently fatal without liver transplantation. this outcome is particularly common when the infection occurs in pregnant women. a vaccine that contains a recombinant truncated capsid protein of hev p ... | 2011 | 21162633 |
| hepatitis e virus infection without reactivation in solid-organ transplant recipients, france. | infections with hepatitis e virus (hev) in solid-organ transplant recipients can lead to chronic hepatitis. however, the incidence of de novo hev infections after transplantation and risk for reactivation in patients with antibodies against hev before transplantation are unknown. pretransplant prevalence of these antibodies in 700 solid-organ transplant recipients at toulouse university hospital in france was 14.1%. we found no hev reactivation among patients with antibodies against hev at the f ... | 2011 | 21192851 |
| [systematics and biology of the hepatitis viruses. like disease - different viruses]. | 2011 | 21194077 | |
| [diagnosis and clinical features of infection with hepatitis a and hepatitis e viruses. transmission through drinking water and foodstuffs]. | 2011 | 21194078 | |
| [vaccines against viral hepatitis a to e. what do we have, what effect can they have?]. | 2011 | 21194080 | |
| [will a vaccine against hepatitis e soon be available?]. | 2011 | 21194081 | |
| the impact of human immunodeficiency virus on viral hepatitis. | the combination of antiretroviral (arv) therapies introduced at the end of the 1990s profoundly changed the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. liver diseases are one of the three primary causes of 'non-aids-related' death in people living with hiv for three reasons: the high prevalence of hepatotropic viral co-infections, the hepatotoxicity of arv drugs and new emerging liver diseases, including nodular regenerative hyperplasia and hepatitis e virus infection. the i ... | 2011 | 21205151 |
| proteomic analysis of swine hepatitis e virus (shev)-infected livers reveals upregulation of apolipoprotein and downregulation of ferritin heavy chain. | swine hepatitis e virus (shev) has been discovered to be almost ubiquitous in pigs, and is antigenically and genetically related to human hev. proteomic analysis was used to identify altered protein expression in swine liver, using two-dimensional electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting. a total of 10 protein spots exhibited significant alterations in the shev-infected organ. the upregulation of apolipoprotein e (apo e) and downregulation of ferritin heavy chain were confirmed by western ... | 2011 | 21208291 |
| evaluation of human enteric viruses in surface water and drinking water resources in southern ghana. | an estimated 884 million people worldwide do not have access to an improved drinking water source, and the microbial quality of these sources is often unknown. in this study, a combined tangential flow, hollow fiber ultrafiltration (uf), and real-time pcr method was applied to large volume (100 l) groundwater (n = 4), surface water (n = 9), and finished (i.e., receiving treatment) drinking water (n = 6) samples for the evaluation of human enteric viruses and bacterial indicators. human enteric v ... | 2011 | 21212196 |
| hepatitis: hepatitis e vaccination--is hev 239 the breakthrough? | 2011 | 21212772 | |
| hepatitis e: historical, contemporary and future perspectives. | hepatitis e was suspected for the first time in 1980 during a waterborne epidemic of acute hepatitis in kashmir, india. in the 30 years since then, a small virus with single-stranded rna genome has been identified as the cause of this disease and named as hepatitis e virus (hev). the virus has four genotypes; of these, genotypes 1 and 2 are known to infect only humans, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 primarily infect other mammals, particularly pigs, but occasionally cause human disease. in highly-end ... | 2011 | 21199517 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus (hev) from porcine livers in southeastern germany and high sequence homology to human hev isolates. | background: hepatitis e virus (hev) has been identified as an emerging cause of infectious hepatitis over the last years in developed countries. in contrast to travel associated hepatitis e, zoonotic sources of infection are suspected for autochthonous cases in europe. objective: since pigs are known reservoirs of hev, we tested porcine livers sold as food in southeastern germany for the presence of hepatitis e virus rna. study design: we purchased 200 porcine liver samples in 81 butcher shops a ... | 2011 | 21742549 |
| [hepatitis e as zoonosis]. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) the causative agent of hepatitis e, is a non-enveloped rna virus. hev is transmitted through oral consumption of contaminated food and water according to the currently knowledge now be considered as zoonosis. the main reservoir of hev are pigs, boars and deer. for the first time hev was isolated from animals (pigs) in 1997 in the u.s. genetic analysis of strains isolated from pigs showed high similarity to strains hev isolated from humans. this was the first evidence ... | 2011 | 21735829 |
| High prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in multiple myeloma. | Abstract Objective: The aim of the current study is to verify the potential association between multiple myeloma (MM) and HBV/HCV infection. Methods: This retrospective case control trial included 299 MM patients and 299 patients with acute leukemia (AL). Age and sex were matched between the two groups. Results: The HBsAg positivity rate was significantly higher in the MM group (19.4% vs. 12.0% in AL patients; p=0.014). The rate of HCV infection did not differ between the two groups. The inciden ... | 2011 | 21823833 |
| Serological diagnostics of hepatitis E virus infection. | Development of accurate diagnostic assays for the detection of serological markers of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection remains challenging. In the course of nearly 20 years after the discovery of HEV, significant progress has been made in characterizing the antigenic structure of HEV proteins, engineering highly immunoreactive diagnostic antigens, and devising efficient serological assays. However, many outstanding issues related to sensitivity and specificity of these assays in clinical and ep ... | 2011 | 21704091 |
| Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome produced in gnotobiotic pigs following exposure to various amounts of porcine circovirus type 2a or type 2b. | In late 2005, a postweaning, high mortality syndrome spread rapidly through finishing barns in swine dense areas of the United States. Diagnostic investigations consistently detected porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) from diseased tissues. Subsequent genetic analysis revealed that the infectious agent was a PCV2 type termed "PCV2b". Prior to late 2004, only the PCV2a type, but not PCV2b, had been reported in North America. In this communication, we produce severe postweaning multisystemic wasting ... | 2011 | 21684696 |
| Pteropid bats are confirmed as the reservoir hosts of henipaviruses: a comprehensive experimental study of virus transmission. | Bats of the genus Pteropus have been identified as the reservoir hosts for the henipaviruses Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV). The aim of these studies was to assess likely mechanisms for henipaviruses transmission from bats. In a series of experiments, Pteropus bats from Malaysia and Australia were inoculated with NiV and HeV, respectively, by natural routes of infection. Despite an intensive sampling strategy, no NiV was recovered from the Malaysian bats and HeV was reisolated from onl ... | 2011 | 22049055 |
| first case of anti-ganglioside gm1-positive guillain-barré syndrome due to hepatitis e virus infection. | a 51-year-old previously healthy woman presented with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and elevated liver enzymes. further diagnostic investigations showed the presence of an acute hepatitis e infection associated with anti-ganglioside gm1 antibodies. after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins, the patient made a rapid recovery. here, we report the first case of gbs due to acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infection associated with the presence of anti-ganglioside gm1 antibodies. we also review a ... | 2011 | 21877179 |
| seroprevalence evolution of selected pathogens in iberian wild boar. | a total of 1279 eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) sera were collected from 2000 to 2011 in the iberian peninsula to reveal time changes in serum antibody prevalences against selected infectious agents (porcine circovirus type 2, pcv2; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, prrsv; hepatitis e virus, hev; and erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae) and to identify putative individual or population factors driving such changes. overall seroprevalences were 48%, 26%, 2% and 15% for pcv2, hev, prrs ... | 2011 | 22168900 |
| host risk factors and autochthonous hepatitis e infection. | in developed countries autochthonous hepatitis e infection is caused by hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3 or 4 and mainly affects middle aged/elderly men. host factors might explain why older men develop clinically overt disease. | 2011 | 21941192 |
| Detection of negative sense RNA in packaged hepatitis E virions using improved strand specific RT-PCR method. | Current hepatitis E virus (HEV) negative sense RNA detection assays have drawback of false positivity. cDNA synthesis using tag-based primer and Superscript RT-III followed by exonuclease I treatment increased the specificity. Assay could detect as low as 10 copies of negative sense RNA and could be used in detecting low levels of HEV replication in cells. Virus particles in stool samples of hepatitis E patients showed encapsidation of negative sense RNA along with HEV genomic RNA. | 2011 | 22205803 |
| rare, unusual, and less common virus infections after organ transplantation. | the present article reviews the epidemiology, clinical presentation, prevention, and management of rare, unusual, and less common viruses that infect transplant recipients. | 2011 | 22001713 |
| Experimental infection of horses with hendra virus/australia/horse/2008/redlands. | Hendra virus (HeV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus harbored by Australian flying foxes with sporadic spillovers directly to horses. Although the mode and critical control points of HeV spillover to horses from flying foxes, and the risk for transmission from infected horses to other horses and humans, are poorly understood, we successfully established systemic HeV disease in 3 horses exposed to Hendra virus/Australia/Horse/2008/Redlands by the oronasal route, a plausible route for ... | 2011 | 22172152 |
| Thermal stability of hepatitis E virus assessed by a molecular biological approach. | Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a pathogen of emerging concern in industrialized countries. The consumption of wild boar meat has been identified as one risk factor for autochthonous HEV infections. Only limited information is available about thermal stability of HEV, mainly due to the lack of rapid and efficient cell culture systems for measurement of HEV infectivity. | 2011 | 22040359 |
| Survival of hepatitis A and E viruses in soil samples. | Survival of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in soil samples spiked with respective viruses was analysed using real-time PCR. Virus-spiked soil samples were incubated at environmental temperature (ET) and 37°C and processed weekly. Both HAV and HEV were less stable at fluctuating ET than at 37°C. Of the 403 soil samples collected in the vicinity of Mutha river, India, 19.1% and 4.9% were found to be contaminated with HAV and HEV, respectively. | 2011 | 21939469 |