Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| children's participation in healthcare in the uk--gesture, rhetoric, or real involvement? | in the united kingdom (england, wales, scotland, and northern ireland) children and their best interests are protected through a range of best practice initiatives, and legislation and guidance at country, national, european, and global levels. some of the recent commitment by the government may be the result of enlightened thinking, but some of it has resulted from the aftermath of at least two major healthcare incidents. this article reviews the uk's recent national and international efforts t ... | 2002 | 12744268 |
| law and regulation of retained organs: the ethical issues. | organ retention has been with us for millennia. walk into virtually any cathedral and many a church in europe and you will find an array of retained organs or tissue, allegedly originally the property of assorted saints, or even of god, and almost certainly collected without proper informed consent and retained in less than secure conditions. in our own time the complexities of organ collection, retention and use have proliferated. the events at alder hey children's hospital and the debates abou ... | 2002 | 16032790 |
| rose v secretary of state for health and human fertilisation and embryology authority. | court decison: [2002] 2 family law reports 962; 2002 july 26 (date of decision). the queen's bench division held that article 8 of the european convention on human rights included the right of an individual to know details about his or her identity, including information about biological parents. two persons, one an adult and the other a child, both born through artificial insemination from anonymous donors brought suit against the secretary of state challenging his failure to promulgate regulat ... | 2002 | 16998998 |
| r (on the application of quintavalle) v secretary of state for health. | court decision: [2002] 2 all england law reports 625; 2002 jan 18 (date of decision). the court of appeal held that embryos created through cell nuclear replacement fell under the regulatory scheme of human fertilisation and embryology act 1990, despite the fact that the act referred only to embryos created through fertilization. the court held that embryos created through cell nuclear replacement were substantially similar to embryos created through fertilization. both had the same characterist ... | 2002 | 17042107 |
| human embryonic stem cells: prospects for human health - a 1-day international symposium held at the university of sheffield. | 2002 | 17103711 | |
| faecal carriage of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 in cattle and sheep at slaughter in great britain. | a 12-month abattoir survey was conducted between january 1999 and january 2000, to determine the prevalence of faecal carriage of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 (vtec o157) in cattle and sheep slaughtered for human consumption in great britain. samples of rectum containing faeces were collected from 3939 cattle and 4171 sheep at 118 abattoirs, in numbers proportional to the throughput of the premises. the annual prevalence of faecal carriage of vtec o157 was 4.7 per cent (95 per c ... | 2002 | 12036241 |
| a touch of the 'flu. | 2002 | 11970940 | |
| local irbs fail to assess remote human studies. | 2002 | 12042790 | |
| impact of the insect biting nuisance on a british youth expedition to alaska. | the morbidity and nuisance factor associated with bites from mosquitoes and other insects are one of the many hazards faced by travelers, including those to the arctic. a predeparture literature review suggested that insect bites were such a large problem in the area to be visited that they would probably have a significant impact on expedition activities. therefore, we set out to assess the extent of the insect biting nuisance, focussing particularly on interference with expedition activities, ... | 2002 | 12044274 |
| constructing vital statistics: thomas rowe edmonds and william farr, 1835-1845. | this paper describes the role of these two english statisticians in establishing mortality measurements as means of assessing the health of human populations. key to their innovations was the uses for the law of mortality edmonds claimed to have discovered in 1832. in reality he had merely rediscovered a relationship between aging and mortality first described mathematically by benjamin gompertz a decade earlier. during the 1830s edmonds attempted to interest the medical profession in his discov ... | 2002 | 12050933 |
| perceptions of influenza and influenza vaccination in patients attending hospital outpatient clinics. | influenza remains a major cause of morbidity and disruption to health services during winter. annual vaccination of risk groups is the mainstay of influenza management policy. despite much national publicity, vaccine uptake remains below desired levels. we investigated the perceptions of influenzal illness and opinions on vaccination in hospital outpatients attending clinics associated with risk and non-risk (i.e. control) morbidities. there were 270 recruited patients in risk groups: 90 each fr ... | 2002 | 12070969 |
| local surveillance of influenza in the united kingdom: from sentinel general practices to sentinel cities? | surveillance of influenza in england and wales utilises a disparate geographical network of general practices to provide clinical data in the form of weekly consultation rates for influenza and 'influenza-like illness'. this network accurately detects and monitors seasonal influenza activity at national and supra-regional levels. localised regional and sub-regional epidemics are less easily detected. we describe a localised epidemic of influenza affecting a deprived urban community in the north ... | 2002 | 12070970 |
| the man who saved us all. | 2002 | 12082340 | |
| virus isolation data from water of some european rivers: an overview. | the present overview is the result of our scrutiny of data concerning the presence of viruses in the water of diverse european rivers. these data were assembled from the published literature--articles, doctoral theses and reports from investigations conducted by environmental virologists beginning during the final years of the sixth decenium of the twentieth century, first in france, czechoslovakia, romania, ukraine, u.s.a. then in other european and countries worldwide. the overview covers the ... | 2002 | 12096684 |
| the big brown eyes of samuel pepys. | samuel pepys (1633-1703) is known for writing the finest diary in the english language. he was a man of remarkable accomplishments who transformed the english navy, was president of the royal society, and was a member of the british parliament. he survived the great plague and imprisonment in the tower of london. during the years when he was writing the diary, pepys began to experience great pain in his eyes when reading and writing and from photophobia, which caused him to give up writing the d ... | 2002 | 12096971 |
| preventing drug-related morbidity--determining valid indicators. | to describe the process that is being undertaken to validate a series of indicators for preventable drug-related morbidity - originally developed in the us - for application in the uk health care system. | 2002 | 12108529 |
| crossed wires: interpreters, translators, and bilingual workers in cross-language research. | increasingly, researchers are undertaking studies involving people who do not speak the same language as they do. sociologists have long argued that language constructs the social world at the same time as it describes it. however, the implications of this for cross-language research are rarely considered. employing interpreters/translators and "cultural brokers" in research raises methodological issues around the meanings of concepts and how to convey difference. using a project that employed t ... | 2002 | 12109728 |
| support for students with academic difficulties. | the human and financial costs of academic failure amongst medical students are extremely high. often, remedial support is infrequently available or is available only for students failing their final examinations. we describe the design, implementation and preliminary evaluation of a remedial programme (rp) for students who experience academic difficulties. | 2002 | 12109986 |
| sero-epidemiological patterns of epstein-barr and herpes simplex (hsv-1 and hsv-2) viruses in england and wales. | the aim was to carry out a population-based sero-prevalence survey of epstein-barr virus (ebv) across a wide age range in england and wales and to identify any associations between ebv and herpes simplex virus types one and two (hsv-1 and 2). sera from an age-stratified sample of 2,893 individuals, submitted for diagnostic purposes to 15 public health laboratories in england and wales in 1994, were tested for immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody to ebv. the samples had been tested previously for igg ... | 2002 | 12115998 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 among two sexually active female populations in middlesbrough, england. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection occurs worldwide but its epidemiology varies between different countries and between groups of individuals. seroprevalence of hsv-1 and hsv-2 antibodies is a more accurate method of determining epidemiology of this infection. in this cross-sectional study, 467 blood samples were obtained from women attending the genitourinary medicine clinic (gum) and antenatal clinic (anc) in middlesbrough, england. analysis of their blood samples showed that 69.5% gum patie ... | 2002 | 12134761 |
| thomas stephenson, dsc, phc, frsedin, fcs: a man of parts. | 2002 | 12138907 | |
| paget's disease of bone in lancashire and arsenic pesticide in cotton mill wastewater: a speculative hypothesis. | a 1974 survey of paget's disease of bone in 31 uk towns identified a cluster of six lancashire former cotton mill towns with the highest prevalence rates of the disease and noted a link with the cotton industry. the two highest-prevalence towns are situated on estuaries and are jointly the smallest of the six by the size of their former cotton industry. the two lowest-prevalence towns of the six are highest above sea level and jointly the largest by the size of their former cotton industry. this ... | 2002 | 12231419 |
| boosting uptake of influenza immunisation: a randomised controlled trial of telephone appointing in general practice. | immunisation against influenza is an effective intervention that reduces serologically confirmed cases by between 60% and 70%. almost all influenza immunisation in the uk is done within general practice. current evidence on the effectiveness of patient reminders for all types of immunisation programmes is largely based on north american studies. | 2002 | 12236273 |
| improving uptake of influenza vaccination among older people: a randomised controlled trial. | the uptake of influenza vaccination among older people is suboptimal. contact with a doctor or nurse is associated with older people deciding to accept influenza vaccination. | 2002 | 12236274 |
| cluster randomised controlled trial of an educational outreach visit to improve influenza and pneumococcal immunisation rates in primary care. | improvement in the delivery of influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations to high-risk groups is an important aspect of preventive care for primary healthcare teams. | 2002 | 12236277 |
| teen-aged mothers in contemporary britain. | this paper describes the circumstances of contemporary young mothers and their children from a nationally representative sample, and compares them to the circumstances of mothers who delayed childbearing beyond age 20. | 2002 | 12236608 |
| genital herpes: general practitioners' knowledge and opinions. | to evaluate gps' knowledge about genital herpes, especially recent information and to assess their attitudes towards serotesting. | 2002 | 12238653 |
| testimony in seventeenth-century english natural philosophy: legal origins and early development. | this essay argues that techniques for assessing testimonial credibility were well established in english legal contexts before they appeared in english natural philosophy. 'matters of fact' supported by testimony referred to human actions and events before the concept was applied to natural phenomena. the article surveys english legal views about testimony and argues that the criteria for credible testimony in both legal and scientific venues were not limited to those of gentle status. natural p ... | 2002 | 12240684 |
| contacts with varicella or with children and protection against herpes zoster in adults: a case-control study. | whether exogenous exposure to varicella-zoster-virus protects individuals with latent varicella-zoster virus infection against herpes zoster by boosting immunity is not known. to test the hypothesis that contacts with children increase exposure to varicella-zoster virus and protect latently infected adults against zoster, we did a case-control study in south london, uk. | 2002 | 12241874 |
| legal, ethical and human-rights issues related to the storage of oral history interviews in archives. | this paper provides some personal reflections that explore the legal, ethical and human rights issues of conducting oral history interviews with elderly retired nurses. the interviews are part of a research study into the history of nursing in the west yorkshire towns of halifax and huddersfield, uk, between 1870-1960. the merit of this research is that it provides a unique account of the development of nursing and can enrich our understanding of the implications for present-day practice within ... | 2002 | 12243099 |
| human metapneumovirus as a cause of community-acquired respiratory illness. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently identified paramyxovirus first isolated from hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections (arti). we sought evidence of hmpv infection in patients who had visited general practitioners, had influenzalike illnesses (ili), and had negative tests for influenza and human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). as part of national virologic surveillance, sentinel general practices in england and wales collected samples from patients of all ages ... | 2002 | 12194763 |
| a comparison of different biogeographical classifications of europe, great britain and spain. | various biogeographical and bioclimatic classifications of a number of regions, countries and continents have been created to meet different objectives. a policy maker might ask the question 'why is there no single accepted classification and how do the different classifications compare with one another?' in order to answer these two questions three classifications created by different methods for great britain and two for spain are compared using the kappa statistic. all of the classifications ... | 2002 | 12197075 |
| implications of the mental health act 1983 (remedial) order 2001. | 2002 | 12201063 | |
| mycobacterium microti infection (vole tuberculosis) in wild rodent populations. | mycobacterium microti (vole tuberculosis) infections in small wild mammals were first described more than 60 years ago in several populations in great britain. few studies of vole tuberculosis have been undertaken since then, and little is known about the relationship between m. microti isolates originating from different populations or at different times or of the prevalence of this infection in wild rodent populations, despite human cases of m. microti infections being increasingly reported. i ... | 2002 | 12202566 |
| investigation of the link between visceral surface rib lesions and tuberculosis in a medieval skeletal series from england using ancient dna. | seven human skeletons from a large assemblage from a rural english medieval burial site show lesions, predominantly proliferative in nature, on the visceral surfaces of the ribs. in order to investigate whether these rib lesions were regularly associated with tuberculous infection, these individuals, together with a group of age- and sex-matched control skeletons without bony signs of infection, were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays aimed at detecting traces of dna from infect ... | 2002 | 12209571 |
| monoclonal anti-d development programme. | administration of anti-d immunoglobulin to d- women after delivery of a d+ infant has dramatically reduced the number of immunised women and cases of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. the use of monoclonal anti-d might alleviate some of the pressures on maintaining adequate supplies of plasma sourced anti-d. two human monoclonal antibodies, brad-3 (igg1) and brad-5 (igg3), with proven activity in in vitro functional (immunological) assays with cells bearing igg fc receptors (fc gammar ... | 2002 | 12216950 |
| epidemiology of variant cjd. | there are 100 confirmed cases of variant cjd (vcjd) in the u.k., with four cases in other countries (france and the republic of ireland). in the u.k., the mean age of onset is 28 years (range 12-74) with a median duration of 13 months (range 6-39). there are reported regional variations in incidence in the u.k., with a north/south difference and a 'cluster' of cases in one county, leicestershire. the incidence of cases in the u.k. is rising. there are concerns about the possibility of secondary, ... | 2002 | 12220145 |
| the use of the portable ergonomic observation method (peo) to monitor the sitting posture of schoolchildren in the classroom. | contrary to common belief, back pain amongst young people is a frequent phenomenon. epidemiological studies have found high prevalence rates of back pain amongst schoolchildren. the investigation reported here aims to validate children's self-reporting and the observation of sitting postures to establish the intensity, duration and frequency of exposure in the classroom. the sitting postures of 18 children were recorded using three methods, the portable ergonomic observation method (peo), video ... | 2002 | 12160340 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus suis isolated from swine in france and from humans in different countries between 1996 and 2000. | the susceptibility of 135 streptococcus suis strains isolated from pigs (n = 110) and from humans (n = 25) to 13 antimicrobial agents was studied by microdilution and disc diffusion methods using mueller-hinton agar ii (mh) supplemented with either defibrinated sheep blood (mhsb) or horse serum (mhhs). results were similar for both methods used except for penicillin g whose zone diameters were reduced with mhsb compared with mhhs. when mh was supplemented with sheep blood, 39% of s. suis strains ... | 2002 | 12161400 |
| mrs pretty and ms b. | 2002 | 12161565 | |
| birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 british birth cohort study. | to examine the combined effect of social class and weight at birth on cognitive trajectories during school age and the associations between birth weight and educational outcomes through to 33 years. | 2002 | 12169505 |
| western medicine and marketing: construction of an inadequate milk syndrome in lactating women. | i conducted a longitudinal phenomenological study in england to explore the perceptions of 10 lactating women related to the nature of their breast milk and their ability to exclusively breast-feed their babies. the women viewed breast-feeding as a mechanical manufacturing process, and they carefully monitored the output of breast milk. health care professionals contributed to the women's perceptions and displayed mechanistic assumptions in relation to breastfeeding, reflecting their enculturati ... | 2002 | 12171699 |
| more than 4000 children are missing out on hormone treatment. | 2002 | 12039814 | |
| excess winter mortality. method of calculating mortality attributed to influenza is disputed. | 2002 | 12039836 | |
| psychotic illness in people with prader willi syndrome due to chromosome 15 maternal uniparental disomy. | in a population-based study of prader willi syndrome (pws), we investigated the relation between genetic subtypes of the syndrome and psychiatric morbidity. of 25 patients aged 18 years or older, seven (28%) had severe affective disorder with psychotic features, with a mean age of onset of 26 years (sd 5.9). the seven people affected, all aged 28 years or older, included all five with disomies of chromosome 15, one with a deletion in this chromosome, and one with an imprinting centre mutation in ... | 2002 | 11809260 |
| a major marker for normal tension glaucoma: association with polymorphisms in the opa1 gene. | normal tension glaucoma (ntg) is a major form of glaucoma, associated with intraocular pressures that are within the statistically normal range of the population. opa1, the gene responsible for autosomal dominant optic atrophy represents an excellent candidate gene for ntg, as the clinical phenotypes are similar and opa1 is expressed in the retina and optic nerve. eighty-three well-characterized ntg patients were screened for mutations in opa1 by heteroduplex analysis and bi-directional sequenci ... | 2002 | 11810296 |
| a genomewide linkage screen for relative hand skill in sibling pairs. | genomewide quantitative-trait locus (qtl) linkage analysis was performed using a continuous measure of relative hand skill (pegq) in a sample of 195 reading-disabled sibling pairs from the united kingdom. this was the first genomewide screen for any measure related to handedness. the mean pegq in the sample was equivalent to that of normative data, and pegq was not correlated with tests of reading ability (correlations between minus sign0.13 and 0.05). relative hand skill could therefore be cons ... | 2002 | 11774074 |
| characterization of paub, a novel broad-spectrum plasminogen activator from streptococcus uberis. | a bovine plasminogen activator of atypical molecular mass ( approximately 45 kda) from streptococcus uberis strain sk880 had been identified previously (l. b. johnsen, k. poulsen, m. kilian, and t. e. petersen. infect. immun. 67:1072-1078, 1999). the strain was isolated from a clinical case of bovine mastitis. the isolate was found not to secrete paua, a bovine plasminogen activator expressed by the majority of s. uberis strains. analysis of the locus normally occupied by paua revealed an absenc ... | 2002 | 11741851 |
| independent genome-wide scans identify a chromosome 18 quantitative-trait locus influencing dyslexia. | developmental dyslexia is defined as a specific and significant impairment in reading ability that cannot be explained by deficits in intelligence, learning opportunity, motivation or sensory acuity. it is one of the most frequently diagnosed disorders in childhood, representing a major educational and social problem. it is well established that dyslexia is a significantly heritable trait with a neurobiological basis. the etiological mechanisms remain elusive, however, despite being the focus of ... | 2002 | 11743577 |
| immunohistologic evidence of myocardial disease in apparently healthy relatives of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. | this study investigated whether apparently healthy relatives of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (dcm) who have left ventricular enlargement (lve) have biopsy evidence of underlying myocardial disease. | 2002 | 11823084 |
| old age psychiatry and the law. | old age psychiatry is no less subject to increasing legal and quasilegal restraint than other branches of the profession, but the emphases are different. two themes predominate: first, that of capacity or competence; and second, to what extent formal legal measures should be implemented in cases where incapacitated patients do not dissent from, as opposed to giving active consent to, admission to hospital or receiving treatment. | 2002 | 11823319 |
| excess winter mortality: influenza or cold stress? observational study. | 2002 | 11786453 | |
| a genomewide scan identifies two novel loci involved in specific language impairment. | approximately 4% of english-speaking children are affected by specific language impairment (sli), a disorder in the development of language skills despite adequate opportunity and normal intelligence. several studies have indicated the importance of genetic factors in sli; a positive family history confers an increased risk of development, and concordance in monozygotic twins consistently exceeds that in dizygotic twins. however, like many behavioral traits, sli is assumed to be genetically comp ... | 2002 | 11791209 |
| association between two tumour necrosis factor intronic polymorphisms and hla alleles. | the gene for tumour necrosis factor (tnf) lies at the telomeric end of the class iii region of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc). polymorphisms within this gene have been implicated in the genetic background of a large number of common human diseases. recently two polymorphisms, tnf +489 and +691, have been described in the first intron of tnf (+489, g to a transition; +691, g deletion) and disease associations have been reported; however, the pattern of linkage disequilibrium with othe ... | 2002 | 11841486 |
| sir victor horsley (1857-1916): pioneer of neurological surgery. | immortalized in surgical history for the introduction of "antiseptic wax," sir victor horsley played a pivotal role in shaping the face of standard neurosurgical practice. his contributions include the first laminectomy for spinal neoplasm, the first carotid ligation for cerebral aneurysm, the curved skin flap, the transcranial approach to the pituitary gland, intradural division of the trigeminal nerve root for trigeminal neuralgia, and surface marking of the cerebral cortex. a tireless scienti ... | 2002 | 11841730 |
| james blundell: the first transfusion of human blood. | 2002 | 11886727 | |
| world war i may have allowed the emergence of "spanish" influenza. | the 1918 influenza pandemic caused 40 million deaths, and so dwarfed in mortality and morbidity the preceding pandemic of 1889 and the 1957 and 1968 pandemics. in retrospect, much can be learnt about the source, the possible subterranean spread of virus, and the genetic basis of virulence. the world health organization has urged every nation to prepare a pandemic plan for the first global outbreak of the 21st century. we present an appraisal of epidemiological and mortality evidence of early out ... | 2002 | 11901642 |
| the age pattern of mortality in the 1918-19 influenza pandemic: an attempted explanation based on data for england and wales. | 2002 | 11877981 | |
| changes in age related seroprevalence of antibody to varicella zoster virus: impact on vaccine strategy. | to study changes in the seroprevalence of varicella zoster virus (vzv) antibody over the past 25 years with a view to determining the target age group for any future vaccination strategy. | 2002 | 11865016 |
| pilot study of 360 degrees assessment of personal skills to inform record of in training assessments for senior house officers. | the assessment of a trainee doctor's human skills, including teamworking, communication and maintaining trust, is difficult but necessary to confirm competence and to alert trainees and trainers of potential problems before they become intractable. this study used 360 degrees team observation reports for this purpose. the process was easy to administer and valued by trainees. | 2002 | 11933823 |
| infrared spectroscopy of the mineralogy of coprolites from brean down: evidence of past human activities and animal husbandry. | the mineralogy of 11 concretions from the bronze age settlement horizons at brean down near weston-super-mare, somerset, uk, has been examined by infrared spectroscopy. the concretions are found to contain calcite and apatite and, in some cases, quartz. four further concretions from the later iron age meare village, soil samples from brean down and mineralised samples of known faecal origin from a cesspit within the tudor merchant's house in tenby have been similarly examined. it is found that a ... | 2002 | 11942402 |
| the implications of the human rights act 1998 for the removal and detention of persons in need of care and attention. | the human rights act 1998 ('hra 1998') requires public authorities to act compatibly with the european convention on human rights ('echr'). the echr contains rights, inter alia, to liberty and to respect for private life. those rights--and, therefore, the hra 1998--may be breached by provisions in the national assistance act 1948 and the national assistance (amendment) act 1951 that enable persons in need of care and attention to be removed compulsorily to hospital. however, legal proceedings br ... | 2002 | 11961681 |
| the workshop as an effective method of dissemination: the importance of the needs of the individual. | the workshop is one of a number of strategies that can be used to disseminate information. this study set out to evaluate the effectiveness of the workshop as a method of disseminating information which had as its aim the introduction of new practices. a series of workshops, attended by g and h grade nurses, were carried out in a large teaching hospital in england. the information which was disseminated concerned recruitment and retention activities for nurses which had been proposed in recent g ... | 2002 | 11906600 |
| howard florey, alexander fleming and the fairy tale of penicillin. | the public myth of the discovery of penicillin is an archetypal "quest story" of the type common to every human culture. but the real story of the discovery, testing and refinement of penicillin is a complex tale of accident, serendipity, oversight, conflict, the pressure of war, idiosyncratic personalities and even--the invention of history. | 2002 | 11913920 |
| the dental caries experience of 12-year-old children in england and wales. surveys coordinated by the british association for the study of community dentistry in 2000/2001. | this paper reports the results of standardised clinical caries examinations of 106,694 twelve-year-old children from england, wales, the isle of man and jersey. these 2000/01 coordinated surveys are the latest in a series which seek to monitor the dental health of children and to assess the delivery of dental services. | 2002 | 11922413 |
| structural biology and biochemistry. retrospective: max perutz (1914-2002). | 2002 | 11923516 | |
| the number of markers of pancreatic autoimmunity is proportional to the risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus in italian and english patients with organ-specific autoimmune diseases. | an 11-year prospective study was carried out in 226 patients with organ-specific autoimmune disease (osad) coming from northern italy and southern england. patients were investigated for diabetes-related autoantibodies (icas, gadabs, and ia2abs) in order to evaluate the best immunological combination in predicting type 1 dm. one hundred twenty-eight patients were ica positive (77 italian and 51 english), and 98 were ica negative. icas were detected by immunofluorescence technique on human pancre ... | 2002 | 12021123 |
| the impact of the european convention on human rights on medical law. | 2002 | 12024878 | |
| the nhs plan: nurse satisfaction, commitment and retention strategies. | the nhs plan envisages a paradigm shift from a centralized, producer-led national health service (nhs) to a devolved, patient-centred health care service, fuelled by a substantial investment in human resources, beds, hospitals and infrastructure. the planned net increase of 20,000 nurses by 2004 is examined in the light of findings from a qualitative study of nurse satisfaction, commitment or intention to leave their hospital, nursing or the nhs, involving 124 nurses in four london hospitals. th ... | 2002 | 12028798 |
| genotyping of enterocytozoon bieneusi in aids patients from the north west of england. | in this study enterocytozoon bieneusi -positive faeces samples from aids patients in the north west of england were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and dna sequencing for potential zoonotic origins. | 2002 | 11972417 |
| predicting the home location of serial offenders: a preliminary comparison of the accuracy of human judges with a geographic profiling system. | the accuracy with which human judges, before and after 'training', could predict the likely home location of serial offenders was compared with predictions produced by a geographic profiling system known as dragnet. all predictions were derived from ten spatial displays, one for each of ten different u.s. serial murderers, indicating five crime locations. in all conditions participants were asked to place an 'x' on each spatial display corresponding to where they thought the offender lived. in t ... | 2002 | 11979494 |
| use of a high-fidelity simulator to develop testing of the technical performance of novice anaesthetists. | we used the delphi technique to gain a consensus from 26 consultant anaesthetists about technical tasks during general anaesthesia. we then developed a technical scoring system to assess anaesthetists undertaking general anaesthesia with rapid sequence induction. | 2002 | 11990263 |
| centennial of einthoven's first recording of the human electrocardiogram with the string galvanometer. | 2002 | 11991362 | |
| epidemiology of human sapporo-like caliciviruses in the south west of england: molecular characterisation of a genetically distinct isolate. | human enteric caliciviruses have been assigned to two distinct genera: the norwalk-like viruses (nlvs) and the sapporo-like viruses (slvs). during a 3-year surveillance of gastroenteritis in the south west of england during november 1997-2000, a total of 27 clinical samples containing slvs were collected. pcr amplicons covering a region of the rna polymerase gene were obtained from 18 of the slv samples. sequence analysis of the pcr products indicated that the slv isolates could be assigned to o ... | 2002 | 11992591 |
| removing the labels, meeting the needs. | 2002 | 12001389 | |
| the garment and the man: masculine desire in harris's list of covent-garden ladies, 1764-1793. | 2002 | 17387827 | |
| the substance of sexual difference: change and persistence in representations of the body in eighteenth-century england. | the claims of thomas laqueur for a shift from a one-sex to a two-sex model of sexual difference are incorporated into many recent histories of gender in england between 1650 and 1850. yet the laqueurian narrative is not supported by discussions of the substance of sexual difference in eighteenth-century erotic books. this article argues that different models of sexual difference were not mutually exclusive and did not change in linear fashion, but that the themes of sameness and difference were ... | 2002 | 17494216 |
| incest, cousin marriage, and the origin of the human sciences in nineteenth-century england. | 2002 | 20707037 | |
| the english diaspora: discovering scotland's invisible migrants - 1945 to 2000. | 2002 | 19489176 | |
| r (on the application of quintavalle) v secretary of state for health. | court decision: [2003] 2 all england law reports 113; 2003 mar 13 (date of decision). the house of lords affirmed a court of appeal decision that embryos created through cell nuclear replacement were regulated by the human fertilisation and embryology act 1990. the house of lords agreed with the court of appeal that a purposive reading of the statute was required for two reasons. first, the intent of parliament was merely to regulate certain uses of embryos, and second, the technology used in ce ... | 2003 | 17042104 |
| r (quintavalle) v human fertilisation and embryology authority (secretary of state for health intervening). | court decision: 2 family law reports 335; 2003 may 16 (date of decision). the court of appeal held that tissue typing along with preimplantation diagnosis was not prohibited by the human fertilisation and embryology act 1990 in all cases. where tissue typing was done to ensure that the embryo did not suffer from serious genetic defects, such diagnosis was done for the purpose of facilitating a pregnancy. mr. and mrs. hashmi were the parents of a son suffering from beta thalassaemia major. the ha ... | 2003 | 17042105 |
| r (on the application of quintavalle) v human fertilisation and embryology authority. | court decision: 2 all england law reports 105; 2002 december 20 (date of decision). the queen's bench division held that testing an embryo to determine compatibility with potential donees fell under the statutory definition of the use of an embyro. a pro-life organization brought suit against the human fertilisation and embryology authority following its announcement that it would authorize tissue typing of embryos. tissue typing involves the removal of embryonic cells and the pre-implantation g ... | 2003 | 16998995 |
| leeds teaching hospitals nhs trust v a. | court decision: [2003] 1 family law reports 1091; 2003 february 26 (date of decision). the queen's bench division held that twins born to a husband and wife, using the eggs of the wife and the sperm of an unrelated third party, did not have a legal father because the husband did not consent to the mistaken use of the third party's sperm. a white husband and wife, mr. and mrs. a., sought treatment at a fertility clinic run by nhs trust. they agreed to undergo intracytoplasmic sperm injection usin ... | 2003 | 16998996 |
| evans v. amicus healthcare ltd; hadley v. midland fertility ltd. | court decision: [2003] 4 all england law reports 903; 2003 october 1 (date of decision). the england and wales high court held in two separate cases that the use of an embryo created through in vitro fertilization could not proceed without consent of both parents at the point of time at which the embryo was to transferred. two women brought suit against their respective former male partners with whom embryos had been created through in vitro fertilization. both women had subsequently separated f ... | 2003 | 17024775 |
| re r (a child). | court decision: [2003] 2 all england law reports 131; 2003 february 19 (date of decision). the civil division court held that a man must be seeking treatment concurrently with a woman in order to be considered the father of a child created through in vitro fertilization. a man brought suit against a woman seeking parental rights and visitation over a child created through in vitro fertilization. although the child was created using sperm donated anonymously by a third party, the man had formerly ... | 2003 | 17024778 |
| legislative technique and human rights: the sad case of assisted suicide. | ths article reviews the issues raised by the case of diane pretty and argues that contrary to the views of the english courts and the european court of human rights, section 2 of the suicide act 1961 is incompatible with the convention. failing legislative reform, the dpp should formulate and publicise criteria for the exercise of its consent to prosecution in cases of assisted suicide. | 2003 | 16538737 |
| medical information, confidentiality and a child's right to privacy. | following the gillick case in 1986, it was recognised that mature minors were owed a duty of confidentiality in respect of their medical information. subsequent cases confirmed that the duty was also owed to non-competent children, including infants, but without explaining the basis for finding the existence of such a duty and its scope. it is particularly unclear when and upon what legal basis a doctor could disclose information to parents when their child wished to keep it confidential. this p ... | 2003 | 16032791 |
| a prospective study of the prevalence and incidence of atopic dermatitis in children aged 0-42 months. | there is strong evidence that the incidence and prevalence of atopic diseases is increasing. however, estimates of the prevalence of atopic dermatitis (ad) have varied greatly in the u.k. and most parts of the developed world. | 2003 | 14632809 |
| influenza and adult hospital admissions for respiratory conditions in england 1989-2001. | influenza is recognised as a major cause of excess hospital admissions during winter months. this study sets out to quantify admissions related to influenza during the last twelve winters and to examine the importance of age. total admission data for respiratory disorders in adults for england during the years 1989 to 2001 have been used. weekly admission data were examined in five-year age bands. influenza epidemics were identified from clinical incidence data in the community. baseline admissi ... | 2003 | 14708274 |
| appropriateness of thresholds currently used to describe influenza activity in england. | the timing and magnitude of influenza virus activity in england each winter remain unpredictable. nevertheless, it is important to describe levels of activity in a timely manner, using defined 'threshold values'. this informs public health practitioners and the general public of the level of influenza virus circulation, and provides an indication of when sufficient activity is occurring in the community to warrant the use of antiviral drugs. data presented here suggest that the current numerical ... | 2003 | 14708275 |
| changes in the distribution of marital age differences in england and wales, 1963 to 1998. | assumptions about the 'typical' age gap between spouses underlie much social policy (e.g. the five-year difference in men's and women's state pension ages). in order to test the basis for these assumptions, detailed marriage registration statistics were obtained for 1963 and 1998, for england and wales. age differences between spouses were calculated and analysed by year, age at marriage and previous marital status. the median age gap hardly changed between 1963 and 1998 but this concealed consi ... | 2003 | 14730812 |
| the incidence of shingles and its implications for vaccination policy. | a vaccine is now available to prevent varicella-zoster infection, but its place in routine preventive care is not yet determined. the age specific incidence of shingles was examined separately by gender and age groups (15-24, 25-44, 45-64, 65-74 and 75 years and more) over the years 1994-2001. these incidence data were applied to national available data for the uk on current life expectancy to calculate the risk of shingles infections at varying ages. the potential benefit of an effective vaccin ... | 2003 | 12744889 |
| [fifty years from the discovery of dna]. | fifty years have passed from the description of the double helix of the dna molecule. during these years very important scientific discoveries have been made in genetics and molecular biology. in addition, twenty years ago mullis invented an important technique, the polymerase chain reaction, which is currently used for replication and amplification of the dna. well, this amazing technique has been used by the human genome project to identify approximately 35,000 genes. we are now in the post-ge ... | 2003 | 12746794 |
| robert hooke's model of memory. | in 1682 the scientist and inventor robert hooke read a lecture to the royal society of london, in which he described a mechanistic model of human memory. yet few psychologists today seem to have heard of hooke's memory model. the lecture addressed questions of encoding, memory capacity, repetition, retrieval, and forgetting--some of these in a surprisingly modern way. hooke's model shares several characteristics with the theory of richard semon, which came more than 200 years later, but it is mo ... | 2003 | 12747488 |
| reading maps of the genes: interpreting the spatiality of genetic knowledge. | genetics has become the pre-eminent interpretation of the body and health and illness. this paper engages with a central technique and metaphor of the new genetics-gene mapping. through an exploration of the process of gene mapping, the paper argues that the genetic material of the body is spatialised and transformed into a knowable and manipulable entity. three interpretations of this spatial transformation of the body's materiality are discussed, in turn drawing on foucault's notion of the con ... | 2003 | 12753798 |
| ent presentations in children with hiv infection. | illnesses of the ear, nose and throat (ent) are common in children with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. we reviewed the case files of 107 hiv seropositive children in the paediatric hiv unit at st mary's hospital. the prevalence, age of onset and type of ent disease were reviewed. we also determined sex distribution, maternal country of origin and mode of transmission of hiv. fifty per cent of the hiv children had ent illnesses. fifty-five per cent of the children presented with th ... | 2003 | 12755764 |
| evaluation of the de-selection of men who have had sex with men from blood donation in england. | the blood services of the uk permanently de-select men who have had sex with men (msm) from donating blood. the rationale for this has been questioned. this article attempts to evaluate whether this selection criterion does contribute to blood safety. | 2003 | 12757500 |
| estimation of the risk of hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus and human immunodeficiency virus infectious donations entering the blood supply in england, 1993-2001. | the frequency of hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) or human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infectious donations entering the blood supply in england is too low to monitor using observational studies. the expected frequency of infectious donations can be estimated and these estimates may be used to contribute to monitoring of blood safety and used in the design of strategies to decrease the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections. | 2003 | 12757501 |
| a survey of doctors' and nurses' knowledge, attitudes and compliance with infection control guidelines in birmingham teaching hospitals. | this study investigated knowledge about infection control amongst doctors and nurses through a cross-sectional survey conducted between march and may 2001 in three birmingham, uk teaching hospitals. seventy-five doctors and 143 nurses, representing 7% and 4%, respectively, of potential respondents, participated in the study measuring knowledge of, attitudes towards, and compliance with universal precautions. overall knowledge of risks of blood-borne virus (bbv) transmission from an infected pati ... | 2003 | 12767850 |
| field sports and conservation in the united kingdom. | many natural habitats exist on privately owned land outside protected areas, but few governments can afford to enforce or subsidize conservation of this biodiversity. even in some developed countries, conservation subsidy schemes have only achieved limited success. fortunately, some landowners may be willing to accept management costs in return for other benefits, although this remains controversial when it involves the killing of charismatic species. for example, participants in british field s ... | 2003 | 12774120 |