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elective treatment of ureteral stones with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was used as an elective treatment in 128 ureteral stones. of the 108 with adequate follow-up, 88% were successfully disintegrated. ureteral catheters proved to be particularly useful for more precise stone localization and as a mechanical means to push the calculi inside the renal cavities or to create a fluid interface around them, in order to increase the efficiency of the shock waves. when ureteral catheters were used a success rate of 95.5% was observed, ...20133678298
biochemistry of muscle fatigue.fatigue--or decrease in force generation--is a reduction of simultaneously attached cross-bridges in the force generating state. two processes are necessary for the force generation: firstly ca++ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the sarcoplasm and the binding of ca++ by the troponin molecule and secondly the turnover of myosin-actin cross-bridges. these processes require energy in at least three different atpase reactions and can consequently be inhibited when atp hydrolysis is decreas ...20133964254
biochemistry of muscle fatigue.fatigue--or decrease in force generation--is a reduction of simultaneously attached cross-bridges in the force generating state. two processes are necessary for the force generation: firstly ca++ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the sarcoplasm and the binding of ca++ by the troponin molecule and secondly the turnover of myosin-actin cross-bridges. these processes require energy in at least three different atpase reactions and can consequently be inhibited when atp hydrolysis is decreas ...20133964254
clinical parameters of adolescent hispanic male hypertensive subjects: a new subject?we have previously reported an increased prevalence of elevated blood pressure in hispanic adolescent males. the pressure elevation did not correlate with weight. in this study, we evaluated the response to antihypertensive therapy of eight adolescent hispanic males found to have elevated pressure during high school screening. all patients were placed on placebo tablets b.i.d. for 2 weeks with weekly blood pressure readings. those with persistently elevated pressures (at or above the 95th percen ...20133668589
screening for psychiatric illness in general practice: the general practitioner versus the screening questionnaire.this study compares the characteristics of general practitioners and a pen and paper test in the detection of psychiatric disorder in primary care settings. a psychiatrist interviewed a stratified sample of 283 patients drawn from 590 consecutive new illnesses seen in 15 general practices. research diagnoses could be made in between one-quarter and one-third of the consecutive new illnesses. two different research diagnostic systems agreed quite well with one another about who should be regarded ...20133668916
[compensatory growth in a boy with bartter's syndrome treated with indomethacin]. 20133707692
structural formulae and nomenclature of the cephalosporin antibiotics. 20133691335
short leg correction: a clinical trial of radiographic vs. non-radiographic procedures.visual leg length insufficiency detection and correction is compared with established radiographic procedures on 41 consecutive patients presenting to a chiropractic clinic with low back pain. it is commonly accepted that the most accurate procedure of short leg demonstration is the standing x ray. visual correction, as described by rene cailliet, uses three anatomical points of reference: a) iliac crest levelness, b) vertical appraisal of the spine from the sacral base (the spine should be perp ...20133694061
interference with pacemaker function by cardiokymographic testing. 20133739930
measurement and figure in dermatology. 20133707158
conservative dentistry. 20133749497
[omentitis in children]. 20133682654
immediate mobilization of fractures of the neck of the fifth metacarpal.although fractures of the neck of the fifth metacarpal are common injuries, their management remains controversial. in this study we present the results of early mobilization after these fractures in 101 patients. we conclude that if rotational alignment of the finger is maintained, these fractures can be treated by immediate use with good functional and cosmetic results.20133770925
the cost of good health is properly high. 20133696692
[care of elderly in hospitals--their conditions when they are transferred to our nursing home]. 20133650525
childbearing choices of professional women. 20133648018
touch. research findings and use in preoperative care. 20133647755
sociocultural integration of older american residents of paris. 20133623145
haemothorax in the course of chickenpox. 20133787528
the photorespiratory hydrogen shuttle. synthesis of phthalonic acid and its use in the characterization of the malate/aspartate shuttle in pea (pisum sativum) leaf mitochondria.a method is presented for the preparation of pure phthalonic acid (pta) in high yields. this pta was used to determine the capacity of the malate/aspartate shuttle in pea (pisum sativum) leaf mitochondria. the inhibition of glycine-dependent o2 uptake in the combined presence of 5 mm-aspartate and 5 mm-2-oxoglutarate (2-og) was decreased by 55 +/- 22% (n = 13) in washed and 50 +/- 2% (n = 11) in purified mitochondria by 0.23 mm-pta. this concentration of pta had no effect on the oxidation of 5 m ...20133663185
mucosa protectives: sucralfate and colloidal bismuth subcitrate in peptic ulcer disease.mucosa protective drugs are thought to have an important role in the treatment of both duodenal (du) and gastric ulcer (gu) disease by means of correcting the disturbed defensive factors. sucralfate as well as colloidal bismuth subcitrate (cbs) form a layer on the ulcer base and in this way protect the ulcer from acid, peptic activity and bile. in duodenal ulcer sucralfate and cbs have shown a significant difference in healing rate compared with placebo. the same holds true for gastric ulcer. wh ...20133660894
[organization of proctological care in a provincial hospital]. 20133630104
air reduction of intussusception in infants and children. 20133668744
reversible respiratory muscle weakness in hypothyroidism.physiological studies performed 1 week after initiation of thyroid replacement showed persistence of significant respiratory muscle weakness in a patient presenting with hypothyroidism and hypercapnia. repeat studies 12 months later demonstrated return of respiratory muscle strength to normal. earlier reports on respiratory failure in hypothyroidism had postulated a critical role for respiratory muscle weakness in the genesis of hypercapnia. since hypercapnia was rapidly reversed despite the per ...20133620325
phenol cauterization of nail matrix remnants.incomplete destruction of the nail matrix may result in partial recurrence of the nail. this occurs most frequently at the lateral ends of the proximal nail fold. a procedure that provides permanent, satisfactory results consists of careful dissection of the recurrent nail fragments followed by local phenol cauterization.20133680747
chemical modification of glycyrrhetinic acid in relation to the biological activities. 20133664800
japan and japanese medicine. 20133618517
development of conversational repair strategies in response to requests for clarification.conversational repair sequences are an important aspect of communicative interaction. these sequences may occur in the event of communication failure if a listener requests clarification of a previous aspect of the speaker's message. the purpose of this study was to investigate the repair strategies employed in conversation by children at four age levels. ten linguistically normal children were sampled from each of the following age levels: 2:7 to 3:10, 4:10 to 5:10, 6:10 to 7:10, and 8:10 to 9: ...20133702382
magnetic resonance imaging: new horizon in diagnostic techniques.magnetic resonance imaging (mri) as a new diagnostic technology has the capacity for both imaging of body tissues or organs in action and spectroscopy which examines the chemistry of individual cells in health and disease. the principles and application of imaging without the use of ionizing radiation are presented. potential hazards associated with magnetic resonance imaging center primarily around metal implants, metal prosthesis, and cardiac pacemakers. while this scanning is considered a pai ...20133853582
peritoneal endometriosis in women requesting reversal of sterilization.seventy-six women requesting reversal of sterilization underwent at least 1 operative procedure during a 27-month period, and 14 (18.4%) were found to have pelvic endometriosis. the endometriosis patients were noted to have had significantly fewer pregnancies (1.8 versus 2.9, p less than 0.01) before sterilization than those without endometriosis, but the two groups did not differ significantly in mean age (30.8 versus 30.3 years), type of sterilization or in mean number of years since steriliza ...20133709826
[non-hormonal female contraception]. 20133639607
[continuing nursing education at the hospital]. 20133639590
primary care physicians' errors in handling cutaneous disorders. a prospective survey.this study analyzes the errors made by primary care physicians in handling skin disorders in patients seen prospectively over a 20-month period in a dermatologic practice. there were 319 errors in 260 patients. eighty-eight percent of the errors were in diagnosis. there was a striking tendency to overdiagnose infectious dermatoses such as bacterial pyodermas, superficial mycoses, scabies, and herpes simplex and to underdiagnose inflammatory dermatoses such as contact dermatitis, nummular dermati ...20133624563
assay for epinephrine and its impurities using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. application to control of an eye-drop solution. 20133624383
[vesico-uterine fistulas]. 20133623249
[clinical aspects and prognosis following severe craniocerebral trauma].the practical employment of diagnostic and therapeutic management in the early stage of head-injured patients depends on the precise assessment of the clinical course. in a retrospective study of 39 patients with severe head injury the prognostic value of clinical and methodical (instrument) parameters was analysed and compared with results of 28 international studies. as findings of this study the factors "age", "motoric response", "pupillary light reaction" and "type of intracranial lesion" we ...20133623396
inherited retinal venous beading.four generations of a family with an unusual pattern of ocular vascular abnormalities were studied. two male and three female members in two affected generations demonstrated prominent retinal venous segmental beading. various individuals demonstrated areas of focal retinal infarction, surface retinal neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, microaneurysm formation, altered vascular permeability with lipid exudation, and focal edema. several members demonstrated abnormalities of distribution of ...20133606455
the p-value of the correlation coefficient in lithium therapy and research. 20133621691
health behavior: evolution of two paradigms. 20133636924
[has public health care led to a decline in mortality?]. 20133608866
low dose bromocriptine in parkinson disease. effects on the clinical picture and hypophyseal hormones. 20133592889
[prevention of infectious complications in elective colonic surgery. results of experience with 592 cases]. 20133592535
[parliament. the important points in the new law on criteria for brain death]. 20133647666
[working environment. how it is perceived by occupational health services]. 20133647641
median nerve compression secondary to bifid reversed palmaris longus.a case of median nerve compression in the forearm caused by a bifid reversed palmaris longus muscle is reported. we are not aware of any previous description of this particular anomaly associated with compression of the median nerve.20133584884
[role of free radicals in the development of cataract]. 20133695293
[roentgen diagnosis of colorectal endometriosis].preoperative diagnosis of symptomatic colorectal endometriosis is often difficult. hence, the x-ray findings of eight woman patients with confirmed affection of the colon with endometriosis foci were evaluated together with the clinical, surgical and histological findings. in 50% of the cases rectal haemorrhages were the most frequently occurring sign. in three-quarters of the cases the colon sigmoideum was involved. radiologically it was possible to prove in 37.5% each of the cases that there w ...20133602868
towards an ideal agent for cardiac imaging. 20133587790
acquisition of sign language by autistic children. iii: generalized descriptive phrases.sign language training has emerged as a viable alternative to speech for those autistic children who remain nonverbal in spite of remediation efforts. yet the variables responsible for the acquisition of specific signing skills have not been fully investigated. the present study was undertaken to validate experimentally a portion of a general language intervention program developed by the authors. specifically, we focused on descriptive signing that involved action-object phrases. four autistic ...20133610996
[pressure converters in the clinical and research field. a short critical review].the correct measurement of various blood pressures in clinical practice is of obvious importance. a method by which the frequency response and damping of various transducers and catheters can be determined is discussed and reference is made to values obtained in the validation of certain catheters.20133576390
[therapy of systemic vasculitis]. 20133622296
recommendations for research in the epidemiology of asthma. 20133581962
flow cytometric analysis of tetanus toxin binding to neuroblastoma cells.a neuroblastoma cell line was assessed for its capacity to bind tetanus toxin (tt) by using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry to analyze cells on a single cell basis. a clone of neuro 2a, n2ab-1, was shown to bind variable amounts of tt per cell and this binding could be saturated by increasing doses of the toxin. toxin binding was specific for neuronal cells, as the non-neuronal cell line, c6 glioma, bound negligible amounts of toxin. variability of immunofluorescence staining was due in pa ...20133905830
[home hemodialysis]. 20133626088
[results of clinical studies of dynamic disadaptation scotoma]. 20133574833
techniques for decreasing the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leaks following translabyrinthine surgery.cerebrospinal fluid leaks are common after translabyrinthine surgery. minor modifications in surgical technique have proved helpful in decreasing the incidence of this complication. they involve incision design, packing techniques, monitoring eardrum integrity, and dressing care.20133565552
hemangiomas in infancy and childhood. 20133562091
different susceptibilities to the formation of cholesterol gallstones in mice.in the search for an animal model of genetic determinants of cholesterol cholelithiasis, we found strain, gender and individual differences in mice. male black (c57bl6j) mice had a 50% incidence of cholesterol gallstones after they consumed lithogenic food similar to that used by tepperman et al. for 2 weeks, whereas similarly treated male agouti (cba/j) mice and females of both strains were free of gallstones. the male and female mice of both strains were fertile at 8 weeks of age, and the male ...20133557305
iga nephropathy in korea: a morphological and clinical study.iga nephropathy (iga n) is the most common type of primary glomerulonephritis (27.5%) in south korea and leads to renal failure in a significant number of cases. to evaluate the possible prognosticators of this disease, renal biopsy material from 142 korean patients with iga n was studied by light-, electron- and immunofluorescent microscopy, and a clinicopathologic correlation was made. modified classification of meadow et al. [1972] for henoch-schoenlein nephritis was adopted for the histologi ...20133552343
kaposi's sarcoma of the lower extremity. a case report. 20133559943
metacarpal thickness in south african population. 20133672283
[epidural pain relief in labor]. 20134012685
[endoscopic papillotomy in patients with the gallbladder in situ].out of 731 endoscopic papillotomies (ept), 175 (24%) were performed in patients with gallbladders in place. gallstones were detected in 91 cases both in the gallbladder and in the bile ducts. the ept resulted in a symptomless condition in 44 of these cases without surgery. in 47 patients the cholecystectomy became necessary later and since the cholostasis ceased the surgery could be done among better conditions. the ept is recommended also in patients with gallbladder in situ because the surgery ...20133590813
[decreased activity of the renal vasodilation and natriuretic system in normotensive men with a familial history of essential hypertension and decreased na+, k+-cotransport in erythrocytes]. 20133536113
[determining cardiac output by rheographic methods in thoracic surgery]. 20133520543
inspissated bile in a neonate with cystic fibrosis. 20133520008
architecture of the superintegron in vibrio cholerae: identification of core and unique genes.vibrio cholerae, the etiologic agent of cholera, is indigenous to aquatic environments. the v. cholerae genome consists of two chromosomes; the smallest of these harbors a large gene capture and excision system called the superintegron (si), of ~120 kbp. the flexible nature of the si that results from gene cassette capture, deletion and rearrangement is thought to make it a hotspot of v. cholerae diversity, but beyond the basic structure it is not clear if there is a core genome in the si and if ...201325580216
presence of sxt integrating conjugative element in marine bacteria isolated from the mucus of the coral fungia echinata from andaman sea.in this study, we characterize 18 cultivable bacteria associated within the mucus of the coral fungia echinata from andaman sea, india. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis showed that all the 18 strains isolated in this study from the coral mucus belong to the group gammaproteobacteria and majority of them were identified as vibrio core group. our objective was to investigate the presence of the sxt/r391 integrating conjugative elements (ices) targeting integrase int(sxt) and sxt hotspot iv genetic ...201323083057
investigation into immunological responses against a native recombinant ctb whole-cell vibrio cholerae vaccine in a rabbit model.the aim of this study was to express and purify the recombinant ctb (rctb) protein from vibrio cholerae and investigate the biological and immunological characteristics of purified protein in rabbit animal model and in combination with iranian inactivated v. cholerae whole cells as a domestic recombinant wc-ctb vaccine.201323082752
quantitative microbial risk assessment of pathogenic vibrios in marine recreational waters of southern california.this study investigated the occurrence of three types of vibrios in southern california recreational beach waters during the peak marine bathing season in 2007. over 160 water samples were concentrated and enriched for the detection of vibrios. four sets of pcr primers, specific for vibrio cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, and v. vulnificus species and the v. parahaemolyticus toxin gene, respectively, were used for the amplification of bacterial genomic dna. of 66 samples from doheny state beach, c ...201323104412
characterization of brer interaction with the bile response promoters breab and brer in vibrio cholerae.the vibrio cholerae brer protein is a transcriptional repressor of the breab efflux system operon, which encodes proteins involved in bile resistance. in a previous study (f. a. cerda-maira, c. s. ringelberg, and r. k. taylor, j. bacteriol. 190:7441-7452, 2008), we used gel mobility shift assays to determine that brer binds at two independent binding sites at the breab promoter and a single site at its own promoter. here it is shown, by dnase i footprinting and site-directed mutagenesis, that br ...201323144245
identification of a his-asp-cys catalytic triad essential for function of the rho inactivation domain (rid) of vibrio cholerae martx toxin.vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera. for v. cholerae to colonize the intestinal epithelium, accessory toxins such as the multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (martx(vc)) toxin are required. martx toxins are composite toxins comprised of arrayed effector domains that carry out distinct functions inside the host cell. among the three effector domains of martx(vc) is the rho inactivation domain (rid(vc)) known to cause cell rounding through inac ...201323184949
isolation and characterization of protective anti-lps nanobody against v. cholerae o1 recognizing inaba and ogawa serotypes.vibrio cholerae is considered one of the major health threats in developing countries. lack of efficient vaccine, short incubating time of the disease, and bacterium ability to survive in aquatic environment have made cholera one of the most epidemic diseases yet known. the lipopolysaccharide is one of the bacterium key antigens used to classify v. cholerae into 206 serogroups. v. cholerae serogroup o1 is a causative agent of all cholera pandemics. research has shown that anti-lipopolysaccharide ...201323135228
integrative mobile elements exploiting xer recombination.integrative mobile genetic elements directly participate in the rapid response of bacteria to environmental challenges. they generally encode their own dedicated recombination machineries. ctxφ, a filamentous bacteriophage that harbors the genes encoding cholera toxin in vibrio cholerae provided the first notable exception to this rule: it hijacks xerc and xerd, two chromosome-encoded tyrosine recombinases for lysogenic conversion. xerc and xerd are highly conserved in bacteria because of their r ...201323127381
effect of water treatment on the growth potential of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus in seawater.in laboratory experiments we added vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus to bottles with seawater previously treated by filtration, uv, chlorine or ozone. the purpose was to investigate the influence of different treatment techniques on the growth potential of these bacteria in simulated ballast water tanks. residual oxidants were removed before inoculation, and the bottles were incubated at 21 ± 1 °c. the growth potential of the vibrios was investigated in two different experimental setup ...201323127287
a predictive model of vibrio cholerae for combined temperature and organic nutrient in aquatic environments.to develop a predictive model for vibrio cholerae in sea water.201323126672
development of a groel gene-based species-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for simultaneous detection of vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus.to develop an effective multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the simultaneous detection of three important vibrio species, vibrio cholerae (vc), v. parahaemolyticus (vp) and v. vulnificus (vv) using the groel gene, a potential phylogenetic marker.201323121500
study of avidity of antigen-specific antibody as a means of understanding development of long-term immunological memory after vibrio cholerae o1 infection.the avidity of antibodies to specific antigens and the relationship of avidity to memory b cell responses to these antigens have not been studied in patients with cholera or those receiving oral cholera vaccines. we measured the avidity of antibodies to cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) and vibrio cholerae o1 lipopolysaccharide (lps) in bangladeshi adult cholera patients (n = 30), as well as vaccinees (n = 30) after administration of two doses of a killed oral cholera vaccine. we assessed antibody a ...201323114701
vibrio cholerae non-o1 and non-o139 bacteremia in a non-traveler portuguese cirrhotic patient: first case report.bacteremia due to vibrio cholerae non-o1 and non-o139 is a rare condition and potentially fatal. we report a case of bacteremia due to v. cholerae non-o1 and non-o139 in a portuguese male with hepatitis c cirrhosis, admitted due to acute diarrhea, after consuming shrimp. he had no recent travels. to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of bacteremia due to v. cholerae non-o1 and non-o139 in portugal.201323164747
efficacy of cocktail phage therapy in treating vibrio cholerae infection in rabbit model.ability of a cocktail of five lytic vibriophages to combatting vibrio cholerae o1 infection in rabbit model was examined. in one group, rabbits were administered 1 × 10(8) plaque forming unit of phage cocktail 6 and 12 h prior to the administration of v. cholerae o1, while in the other group, same procedure was applied 6 and 12 h post infection. it was observed that oral administration of the phage cocktail after oral bacterial challenge lowered the shedding of bacteria significantly (p < 0.01). ...201323159467
anti-bacterial and anti-toxic immunity induced by a killed whole-cell-cholera toxin b subunit cholera vaccine is essential for protection against lethal bacterial infection in mouse pulmonary cholera model.the lack of appropriate animal model for studying protective immunity has limited vaccine development against cholera. here, we demonstrate a pulmonary cholera model conferred by intranasal administration of mice with live vibrio cholerae. the bacterial components, but not cholera toxin, caused lethal and acute pneumonia by inducing massive inflammation. intranasal immunization with dukoral, comprising killed whole bacteria and recombinant cholera toxin b subunit (rctb), developed both mucosal a ...201323187318
concurrent outbreaks of cholera and peripheral neuropathy associated with high mortality among persons internally displaced by a volcanic eruption.in october 2004, manam island volcano in papua new guinea erupted, causing over 10 000 villagers to flee to internally displaced person (idp) camps, including 550 from dugulaba village. following violence over land access in march 2010, the idps fled the camps, and four months later concurrent outbreaks of acute watery diarrhea and unusual neurological complaints were reported in this population.201324023752
deciphering the origins and tracking the evolution of cholera epidemics with whole-genome-based molecular epidemiology.the devastating haitian cholera outbreak that began in october 2010 is the first known cholera epidemic in this island nation. epidemiological and genomic data have provided strong evidence that united nations security forces from nepal introduced toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1, the cause of epidemic cholera, to haiti shortly before the outbreak arose. however, some have contended that indigenous v. cholerae contributed to the outbreak. in a recent paper (mbio 4:e00398-13, 2013), l. s. katz et al. ...201324023387
development and evaluation of a highly sensitive immunochromatographic strip test using gold nanoparticle for direct detection of vibrio cholerae o139 in seafood samples.a strip test for the detection of vibrio cholerae o139 was developed using two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), namely vc-273 and vc-812, which specifically bind to the lipopolysaccharide and capsular polysaccharide of v. cholerae o139. the mab vc-273 gold nanoparticle conjugate was sprayed onto a glass fiber pad that was placed adjacent to a sample chamber. mab vc-812 and the goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin g (gam) antibody were sprayed onto a nitrocellulose membrane in strips at positions designat ...201323208091
lysr family activator-regulated major facilitator superfamily transporters are involved in vibrio cholerae antimicrobial compound resistance and intestinal colonisation.expression of a multidrug resistance transporter renders bacterial cells resistant to a variety of drugs. the major facilitator superfamily (mfs) comprises the largest group of bacterial multidrug transporters. there are over 20 mfs efflux pumps annotated on the genome of vibrio cholerae, but little is known about their functions and regulation. in this study, five mfs efflux pumps were characterised, each of which is associated with a divergently transcribed putative lysr-type transcriptional r ...201323201336
genomic correlates of variability in immune response to an oral cholera vaccine.cholera is endemic to many countries. recent major outbreaks of cholera have prompted world health organization to recommend oral cholera vaccination as a public-health strategy. variation in percentage of seroconversion upon cholera vaccination has been recorded across populations. vaccine-induced responses are influenced by host genetic differences. we have investigated association between single-nucleotide polymorphic (snp) loci in and around 296 immunologically relevant genes and total anti- ...201323249958
o antigen is the receptor of vibrio cholerae serogroup o1 el tor typing phage vp4.bacteriophage vp4 is a lytic phage of the vibrio cholerae serogroup o1, and it is used in phage subtyping of v. cholerae biotype el tor. studies of phage infection mechanisms will promote the understanding of the basis of phage subtyping as well as the genetic differences between sensitive and resistant strains. in this study, we investigated the receptor that phage vp4 uses to bind to el tor strains of v. cholerae and found that it infects strains through adsorbing the o antigen of v. cholerae ...201323222721
functional mapping of the lectin activity site on the β-prism domain of vibrio cholerae cytolysin: implications for the membrane pore-formation mechanism of the toxin.vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) is a prominent member in the family of β-barrel pore-forming toxins. it induces lysis of target eukaryotic cells by forming transmembrane oligomeric β-barrel channels. vcc also exhibits prominent lectin-like activity in interacting with β1-galactosyl-terminated glycoconjugates. apart from the cytolysin domain, vcc harbors two lectin-like domains: the β-trefoil and the β-prism domains; however, precise contribution of these domains in the lectin property of vcc is ...201323209283
[comparative molecular-genetic analysis of mobile elements in natural strains of cholera agent].the molecular-genetic peculiarities of the prophage ctxφ genome, the vpi-1 pathogenicity island, and the vsp-ii pandemicity island in recently emerged, genetically altered vibrio cholerae el tor strains have been studied. the genome of the prophage ctxφ, which contains the ctxab operon, which codes cholera toxin (ct), was shown to be unstable. a comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the two phage genome regions (the ctxb gene and ctxab operon promoter region) among 23 genovariant s ...201325508902
[comparative molecular-genetic analysis of mobile elements in natural strains of cholera agent].the molecular-genetic peculiarities of the prophage ctxφ genome, the vpi-1 pathogenicity island, and the vsp-ii pandemicity island in recently emerged, genetically altered vibrio cholerae el tor strains have been studied. the genome of the prophage ctxφ, which contains the ctxab operon, which codes cholera toxin (ct), was shown to be unstable. a comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the two phage genome regions (the ctxb gene and ctxab operon promoter region) among 23 genovariant s ...201325486771
crystallization of the higba2 toxin-antitoxin complex from vibrio cholerae.the genome of vibrio cholerae encodes two higba toxin-antitoxin (ta) modules that are activated by amino-acid starvation. here, the ta complex of the second module, higba2, as well as the c-terminal domain of the corresponding higa2 antitoxin, have been purified and crystallized. the higba2 complex crystallized in two crystal forms. crystals of form i belonged to space group p2(1)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 129.0, b = 119.8, c = 33.4 å, and diffracted to 3.0 å resolution. the asymmetric ...201323989162
vibrio cholerae toxr downregulates virulence factor production in response to cyclo(phe-pro).vibrio cholerae is an aquatic organism that causes the severe acute diarrheal disease cholera. the ability of v. cholerae to cause disease is dependent upon the production of two critical virulence determinants, cholera toxin (ct) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp). the expression of the genes that encode for ct and tcp production is under the control of a hierarchical regulatory system called the toxr regulon, which functions to activate virulence gene expression in response to in vivo stimu ...201323982069
the function of the na+-driven flagellum of vibrio cholerae is determined by osmolality and ph.vibrio cholerae is motile by its polar flagellum, which is driven by a na(+)-conducting motor. the stators of the motor, composed of four poma and two pomb subunits, provide access for na(+) to the torque-generating unit of the motor. to characterize the na(+) pathway formed by the pomab complex, we studied the influence of chloride salts (chaotropic, na(+), and k(+)) and ph on the motility of v. cholerae. motility decreased at elevated ph but increased if a chaotropic chloride salt was added, w ...201323974033
draft genome sequences of vibrio cholerae o1 eltor strains 2011el-301 and p-18785, isolated in russia.we report the draft whole-genome sequences of two vibrio cholerae o1 strains, the environmental toxigenic strain 2011el-301 and the clinical nontoxigenic strain p-18785, both isolated in russia. some basic data comparing the two against the genbank repository are provided.201323969060
use of a cholera rapid diagnostic test during a mass vaccination campaign in response to an epidemic in guinea, 2012.during the 2012 cholera outbreak in the republic of guinea, the ministry of health, supported by médecins sans frontières - operational center geneva, used the oral cholera vaccine shanchol as a part of the emergency response. the rapid diagnostic test (rdt) crystal vc, widely used during outbreaks, detects lipopolysaccharide antigens of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139, both included in shanchol. in the context of reactive use of a whole-cell cholera vaccine in a region where cholera cases have been ...201323967359
genome sequences of clinical vibrio cholerae isolates from an oyster-borne cholera outbreak in florida.between november 2010 and april 2011, 11 cases of cholera were identified and associated with the consumption of raw oysters harvested from apalachicola bay, florida. the etiological agent was the ctxab-positive vibrio cholerae serogroup o75. the genome sequences of the isolates provide useful information and are deposited in the public genome databases.201324265497
high case fatality cholera outbreak in western kenya, august 2010.cholera is a disease caused by the bacterium vibrio cholera and has been an important public health problem since its first pandemic in 1817. kenya has had numerous outbreaks of cholera ever since it was first detected there during 1971. in august 2010 an outbreak of cholera occurred in kuria west district spreading to the neighboring migori district. we conducted an investigation in order to determine the magnitude of the problem and institute control measures.201324244795
outbreak of mass sociogenic illness in a school feeding program in northwest bangladesh, 2010.in 2010, an acute illness outbreak was reported in school students eating high-energy biscuits supplied by the school feeding programme in northwest bangladesh. we investigated this outbreak to describe the illness in terms of person, place and time, develop the timeline of events, and determine the cause and community perceptions regarding the outbreak.201324244685
plasticity of regulation of mannitol phosphotransferase system operon by crp-camp complex in vibrio cholerae.the complex of the cyclic amp receptor protein (crp) and camp is an important transcriptional regulator of numerous genes in prokaryotes. the transport of mannitol through the phosphotransferase systems (pts) is regulated by the crp-camp complex. the aim of the study is to investigate how the crp-camp complex acting on the mannitol pts operon mtl of the vibrio cholerae el tor biotype.201324215877
zinc: role in the management of diarrhea and cholera.diarrhea and cholera are major health problems. vibrio cholera, the causative agent of cholera, infects the small intestine, resulting in vomiting, massive watery diarrhea and dehydration. reduced water and electrolyte absorption is also due to zinc deficiency. zinc has an important role in recovery from the disease. the combination of zinc with cholera vaccine and oral rehydration solutions has a positive impact on cholera and diarrhea. it has led to a decrease in the mortality and morbidity as ...201324303485
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