Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| emergence of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serotype newport infections resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in the united states. | we describe a field investigation in new england that identified the emergence and epidemiology of new strains of multidrug-resistant salmonella, newport-mdrampc, and summarize the center for disease control and prevention's surveillance data for these infections. in massachusetts, the prevalence of newport-mdrampc among salmonella serotype newport isolates obtained from humans increased from 0% (0/14) in 1998 to 53% (32/60) in 2001 (p<.001). in a retrospective case-control study, infection with ... | 2003 | 14639542 |
| role of prokaryotic cu,zn superoxide dismutase in pathogenesis. | several bacterial pathogens possess sodc genes that encode periplasmic or membrane-associated cu,zn superoxide dismutases. since professional phagocytes generate large amounts of reactive oxygen species to control the growth of invading micro-organisms, cu,zn superoxide dismutase might protect infectious bacteria from oxy-radical damage and facilitate their survival within the host. this idea has gained support from studies showing that sodc -null mutants of different bacteria are less virulent ... | 2003 | 14641055 |
| intracellular activities of salmonella enterica in murine dendritic cells. | dendritic cells (dc) efficiently phagocytose invading bacteria, but fail to kill intracellular pathogens such as salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium). we analysed the intracellular fate of salmonella in murine bone marrow-derived dc (bm-dc). the intracellular proliferation and subcellular localization were investigated for wild-type s. typhimurium and mutants deficient in salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (spi2), a complex virulence factor that is essential for systemic infec ... | 2003 | 14641178 |
| activity of dermaseptin k4-s4 against foodborne pathogens. | dermaseptin s4 and its substituted derivative k(4)-s4 were investigated against various food-related pathogenic bacteria in culture media. k(4)-s4, but not the native peptide displayed significant growth inhibitory activity against all bacteria tested. next, activity of k(4)-s4 against escherichia coli o157:h7 was defined in terms of milieu dependencies. salt-dependent kinetic studies in growth medium indicated that the peptide's antibacterial activity is maintained at fairly high (up to 600mm) ... | 2003 | 15019214 |
| outbreak of neonatal meningitis caused by salmonella enterica serotype worthington. | we report an outbreak of salmonella meningitis in a nursery unit due to serotype worthington. the organism was isolated from blood and csf samples of five babies. the isolates were found to be resistant to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin, cefotaxime, cefiriaxone and amikacin but were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. serotype worthington appears to be an emerging pathogen in neonatal units. | 2003 | 15022937 |
| the occurrence of the first two ctx-m-3 and tem-1 producing isolates of salmonella enterica serovar oranienburg in poland. | 2003 | 12727089 | |
| a national outbreak of multi-resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium definitive phage type (dt) 104 associated with consumption of lettuce. | between 1 august and 15 september 2000, 361 cases of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium definitive phage type (dt) 104, resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides, spectinomycin and tetracycline (r-type acssuspt), were identified in england and wales residents. molecular typing of 258 isolates of s. typhimurium dt104 r-type acssuspt showed that, although isolates were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, 67% (174/258) were characterized by a par ... | 2003 | 12729184 |
| bactericidal effect of tio2 photocatalyst on selected food-borne pathogenic bacteria. | titanium dioxide (tio(2)) photocatalysts have attracted great attention as a material for photocatalytic sterilization in the food and environmental industry. this research aimed to design a new photobioreactor and its application to sterilize selected food borne pathogenic bacteria, salmonella choleraesuis subsp., vibrio parahaemolyticus, and listeria monocytogenes. the photocatalytic reaction was carried out with various tio(2) concentrations and ultraviolet (uv) illumination time. a feasible ... | 2003 | 12729712 |
| swarm-cell differentiation in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium results in elevated resistance to multiple antibiotics. | although a wealth of knowledge exists about the molecular and biochemical mechanisms governing the swimming motility of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, its surface swarming behavior has not been extensively characterized. when inoculated onto a semisolid agar medium supplemented with appropriate nutrients, serovar typhimurium undergoes a morphological differentiation whereby single cells hyperflagellate and elongate into nonseptate, multinucleate swarm cells. swarm migration is a collec ... | 2003 | 12730171 |
| extracellular secretion of the virulence plasmid-encoded adp-ribosyltransferase spvb in salmonella. | nontyphoid salmonella enterica requires the plasmid-encoded spv genes to establish successful systemic infection in experimental animals. the spvb virulence-associated protein has recently been shown to contain the adp-ribosyltransferase domain. spvb adp-ribosilates actin and depolymerizes actin filaments when expressed in cultured epithelial cells. however, spontaneous secretion or release of spvb has not been observed under in vitro growth conditions. in the present study we investigated the s ... | 2003 | 12732471 |
| antimicrobial effects of mustard flour and acetic acid against escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | this study was designed to investigate the individual and combined effects of mustard flour and acetic acid in the inactivation of food-borne pathogenic bacteria stored at 5 and 22 degrees c. samples were prepared to achieve various concentrations by the addition of acetic acid (0, 0.5, or 1%) along with mustard flour (0, 10, or 20%) and 2% sodium chloride (fixed amount). acid-adapted three-strain mixtures of escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella enterica serovar typhi ... | 2003 | 12732572 |
| evaluation of the vitek 2 id-gnb assay for identification of members of the family enterobacteriaceae and other nonenteric gram-negative bacilli and comparison with the vitek gni+ card. | we evaluated the vitek 2 id-gnb identification card (biomérieux, inc., durham, n.c.) for its ability to identify members of the family enterobacteriaceae and other gram-negative bacilli that are isolated in clinical microbiology laboratories. using 482 enteric stock cultures and 103 strains of oxidase-positive, gram-negative glucose-fermenting and nonfermenting bacilli that were maintained at -70 degrees c and passaged three times before use, we inoculated cards according to the manufacturer's d ... | 2003 | 12734254 |
| integron content of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium strains isolated in hungary in the years 1997-1999. | the integron content of 52 dt104/u302 phage type strains and 53 non-dt104/u302 strains of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (s. typhimurium) was studied in pcr experiments using a 5'-cs/3'-cs primer pair (lévesque et al., 1995). forty-three out of 44 streptomycin- and/or ampicillin-resistant dt104 and related phage type strains were found to carry a 1 kb and/or 1.2 kb long integron. the other resistance markers did not affect the number and size of integrons; no integron-free multidrug-re ... | 2003 | 12737040 |
| analysis of gene cassettes of streptomycin-spectinomycin resistance of hungarian salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium strains. | by pcr using the ant(3")-ia primer pair the aada gene was detected in 34 streptomycin- and spectinomycin-resistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium strains. out of them 12 belonged to dt104 and 22 to non-dt104 phage type. using different primer combinations it was demonstrated that this gene was integron-associated in all cases: in the dt104 strains it was generally contained by a 1 kb integron while in the majority of the non-dt104 strains by a 2.05 kb (less often by a 1.9 or 1 kb) inte ... | 2003 | 12737041 |
| variant salmonella genomic island 1 antibiotic resistance gene cluster in salmonella enterica serovar albany. | salmonella genomic island 1 (sgi1) contains an antibiotic resistance gene cluster and has been previously identified in multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium dt104, agona, and paratyphi b. we identified a variant sgi1 antibiotic-resistance gene cluster in a multidrug-resistant strain of s. enterica serovar albany isolated from food fish from thailand and imported to france. in this strain, the streptomycin resistance aada2 gene cassette in one of the sgi1 integrons was rep ... | 2003 | 12737743 |
| t- and b-cell immune responses of patients who had undergone colectomies to oral administration of salmonella enterica serovar typhi ty21a vaccine. | the capacity of an oral live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhi ty21a vaccine to induce immune responses in patients who had undergone colectomies because of ulcerative colitis was evaluated, and these responses were compared with those of healthy volunteers. purified cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells from peripheral blood were stimulated in vitro by using the heat-killed ty21a vaccine strain, and the proliferation and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) production were measured before and 7 or 8 day ... | 2003 | 12738643 |
| the unique vertex of bacterial virus prd1 is connected to the viral internal membrane. | icosahedral double-stranded dna (dsdna) bacterial viruses are known to package their genomes into preformed procapsids via a unique portal vertex. bacteriophage prd1 differs from the more commonly known icosahedral dsdna phages in that it contains an internal lipid membrane. the packaging of prd1 is known to proceed via preformed empty capsids. now, a unique vertex has been shown to exist in prd1. we show in this study that this unique vertex extends to the virus internal membrane via two integr ... | 2003 | 12743288 |
| comparison of the immune responses against salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum infection between naked neck chickens and a commercial chicken line. | the immune responses of indigenous naked neck (nana and nana) and normally feathered (nana) chickens against a salmonella gallinarum (sg) infection were evaluated and compared with those of a commercial line (b-380). groups of 28-day-old chickens (nana, nana, nana, and b-380) were immunized orally and subcutaneously with 50 microg of sg antigens. control non-immunized animals were inoculated with sterile saline solution. all chickens were challenged with 1 ld(50) of sg and mortality was recorded ... | 2003 | 12745372 |
| reducing salmonella on apples with wash practices commonly used by consumers. | the efficacy levels of practices used by consumers to wash smooth-surface fruits and vegetables were compared. golden delicious apples were spot inoculated near the blossom end with 50 microl of a cocktail of six serotypes of salmonella enterica (with a total inoculum level of approximately 10(9) cfu per apple). the inoculum was dried for 1.5 h, and apples were either treated immediately or held for 24 h prior to treatment. treatments included wetting with approximately 5 ml of water, vinegar (5 ... | 2003 | 12747679 |
| development of acquired immunity to salmonella. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) causes human typhoid fever, a serious and widespread disease in developing countries. other salmonella serovars are associated with food-borne infections. the recent emergence of multi-drug-resistant salmonella strains highlights the need for better preventive measures, including vaccination. the available vaccines against salmonella infection do not confer optimal protection. the design of new salmonella vaccines must be based on the identification o ... | 2003 | 12748263 |
| genomic structure of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt 64 bacteriophage st64t: evidence for modular genetic architecture. | the complete sequence of the double-stranded dna genome of a serotype-converting temperate bacteriophage, st64t, was determined. the 40,679-bp genomic sequence of st64t has an overall gc content of 47.5% and was reminiscent of a number of lambdoid phages, in particular, p22. inferred proteins of st64t which exhibited a high degree of sequence similarity to p22 proteins (>90%) included the functional serotype conversion cassette, integrase, excisionase, abc1, abc2, early antitermination (gp24), n ... | 2003 | 12754248 |
| synthesis and localization of the salmonella spi-1 type iii secretion needle complex proteins prgi and prgj. | an essential component of type iii secretion systems (ttss) is a supramolecular structure termed the needle complex. in salmonella enterica, at least four proteins make up this structure: invg, prgh, prgk, and prgi. another protein, prgj, is thought to play a role in the assembly of this structure, but its function is poorly understood. we have analyzed the expression and localization of prgj and the needle protein prgi in different s. enterica serovar typhimurium mutant strains. we found that t ... | 2003 | 12754250 |
| [arizonae subspecies salmonella enterica urinary infection with confusional syndrome]. | infections due to subspecies arizonae salmonella enterica are rare. these infections are transmitted by reptiles. we report the case of s. arizonae urinary tract infection that occurred in an immunocompetent woman. | 2003 | 12754450 |
| transfer of eukaryotic expression plasmids to mammalian hosts by attenuated salmonella spp. | transkingdom transfer of dna from bacteria to other organisms, well established for bacteria, yeast and plants, was recently also extended to mammalian host cells. attenuated intracellular bacteria or non-pathogenic bacteria equipped with adhesion and invasion properties have been demonstrated to transfer eukaryotic expression plasmids in vitro and in vivo. here the mucosal application of attenuated salmonella enterica spp. as dna carrier for the induction of immune responses towards protein ant ... | 2003 | 12755370 |
| transfer rna modifications that alter +1 frameshifting in general fail to affect -1 frameshifting. | using mutants (tgt, mnma(asue, trmu), mnme(trme), miaa, miab, miae, trua(hist), trub) of either escherichia coli or salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and the trm5 mutant of saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have analyzed the influence by the modified nucleosides q34, mnm(5)s(2)u34, ms(2)io(6)a37, psi39, psi55, m(1)g37, and yw37 on -1 frameshifts errors at various heptameric sequences, at which at least one codon is decoded by trnas having these modified nucleosides. the frequency of -1 frameshi ... | 2003 | 12756333 |
| yersinia pseudotuberculosis harbors a type iv pilus gene cluster that contributes to pathogenicity. | 2003 | 12756734 | |
| null mutations in the essential gene yrff (mucm) are not lethal in rcsb, yojn or rcsc strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | insertion of factor mudj in the intergenic region between divergent genes yrff and yrfe, at centisome 76 in the genome of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2, confers the characteristics recently described for mucm mutants, i.e. mucoidy and resistance to mecillinam. cloning of the intergenic region plus either the yrff or the yrfe gene in a multicopy plasmid showed that only the plasmid carrying the yrff gene complemented mucm mutants, thus suggesting that mucm mutations are in fact yrff ... | 2003 | 12757942 |
| evolution of antibiotic resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains isolated in the czech republic between 1984 and 2002. | in a collection of 66 salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains isolated between 1984 and 2002 in the czech republic, genes coding for antibiotic resistance were determined by using specific pcrs. we found that the pentadrug-resistant acssut clone first appeared in the czech republic in 1990. a new variant of the aada gene designated aada21 is described, the 5' end of which was identical to aada2 and the 3' end of which was identical to aada1. | 2003 | 12760885 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains isolated in korea containing a multidrug resistance class 1 integron. | six strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhi which were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin were isolated in korea. this multidrug resistance was transferred by a conjugative plasmid of about 50 kb. the plasmid harbored a class 1 integron, which included six resistance genes, aaca4b, catb8, aada1, dfra1, aac(6')-iia, and the novel blap2, in that order. all of the isolates showed the same-size plasmids and the sam ... | 2003 | 12760886 |
| modulation of virulence by two acidified nitrite-responsive loci of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | two acidified nitrite-inducible genes of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium were identified with a green fluorescent protein-based promoter-trap screen. the nitrite-inducible promoters were located upstream of loci that we designated nipab and nipc, which correspond to hcp-hcr (hybrid cluster protein) of escherichia coli and nora of alcaligenes eutrophus, respectively. maximal induction of the promoters by nitrite was dependent on ph. the nipab promoter was regulated by oxygen in an fnr-dep ... | 2003 | 12761099 |
| characterization of an irobcden gene cluster on a transmissible plasmid of uropathogenic escherichia coli: evidence for horizontal transfer of a chromosomal virulence factor. | the chromosomal irobcden gene cluster first described for salmonella enterica is involved in the uptake of catecholate-type siderophore compounds. an orthologous gene cluster has recently been detected in escherichia coli strains which cause extraintestinal disease. this e. coli irobcden gene cluster has an impact on virulence and has been reported to be located in a pathogenicity island on the chromosome. in this study we characterized an iro gene cluster of a uropathogenic e. coli isolate whic ... | 2003 | 12761110 |
| contribution of proton-translocating proteins to the virulence of salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium, gallinarum, and dublin in chickens and mice. | we investigated the attenuating effects of a range of respiratory chain mutations in three salmonella serovars which might be used in the development of live vaccines. we tested mutations in nuog, cyda, cyoa, atpb, and atph in three serovars of salmonella enterica: typhimurium, dublin, and gallinarum. all three serovars were assessed for attenuation in their relevant virulence assays of typhoid-like infections. serovar typhimurium was assessed in 1-day-old chickens and the mouse. serovar gallina ... | 2003 | 12761123 |
| occurrence of salmonella enterica serovar dublin in austria. | in austria, salmonella enterica serovar dublin, a bovine-adapted serovar, rarely causes human infections. in the year 2000, austria was within the european mean with an incidence of 0.1 per million inhabitants. our data show that the vast majority of all austrian serovar dublin infections can be traced to two tyrolian districts. this concentration of cases can be explained by a particularly traditional aspect of cattle farming in tyrol, the alpine pasture. there is increased risk of cross-infect ... | 2003 | 12764867 |
| what can structure tell us about in vivo function? the case of aminoglycoside-resistance genes. | resistance to antibiotics used in the treatment of bacterial infections is an expanding clinical problem. aminoglycosides, one of the oldest classes of natural product antibiotics, exert their bactericidal effect as the result of inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the acceptor site of the 30 s ribosomal subunit. the most common mechanism of clinical resistance to aminoglycosides results from the expression of enzymes that covalently modify the aminoglycoside. we will discuss th ... | 2003 | 12773148 |
| phop-responsive expression of the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium slya gene. | the slya protein of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a member of the marr family of transcription regulators and is required for virulence and survival in professional macrophages. isolated slya protein was able to bind a specific dna target without posttranslational modification. this suggested that slya might not be activated by directly sensing an external signal but rather that the intracellular concentration of slya is enhanced in appropriate environments through the action of oth ... | 2003 | 12775687 |
| flagellar phase variation in salmonella enterica is mediated by a posttranscriptional control mechanism. | salmonella enterica has two antigenically distinct flagellin genes, flic and fljb, that are alternatively expressed. the flja gene is cotranscribed with fljb and encodes a protein that has been characterized as a transcriptional repressor of the unlinked flic gene when fljb is expressed. in this study we report genetic evidence that flja prevents the production of flic protein through an interaction with the 5'-untranslated region of the flic mrna transcript. studies with operon and gene fusions ... | 2003 | 12775694 |
| variation between pathogenic serovars within salmonella pathogenicity islands. | although four of the five salmonella pathogenicity islands (spis) have been characterized in detail for salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and the fifth has been characterized for salmonella enterica serovar dublin, there have been limited studies to examine them in detail in a range of pathogenic serovars of s. enterica. the aim of this study was to examine these regions, shown to be crucial in virulence, in pathogenic serovars to identify any major deletions or insertions that may explai ... | 2003 | 12775700 |
| influence of peracetic acid on adhesion/invasion of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium lt2. | the influence of peracetic acid (paa) disinfectant on salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium lt2 in sewage effluent was examined by studying its ability to adhere to and invade hela cells in vitro. although the disinfectant produced a decrease of about 5 log units, the bacteria kept their adhesive and invasive abilities. scanning microscopic observations of the paa-treated bacteria revealed that paa caused a loss of external microfilaments and an alteration of membrane structure. nevertheless, ... | 2003 | 12776926 |
| transmission of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104 to infants through mother's breast milk. | this study documents the first reported transmission of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium definitive type 104 (dt104) to premature fraternal twins via their mother's breast milk. when premature twin neonates developed severe enteritis in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu), stool samples and the mother's breast milk were cultured for the presence of salmonella. antibacterial susceptibility patterns were determined. semiquantitative organism abundance data were retrospectively gathered ... | 2003 | 12777569 |
| defense mechanisms of ifn-gamma and lps-primed murine microglia against acanthamoeba castellanii infection. | in the central nervous system (cns), cytokine-primed microglia play a central role in host's defense against acanthamoeba castellanii infection. in this study, the effect of recombinant interferon (rifn)-gamma and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (lps), both inflammatory stimuli, on a. castellanii infection in murine microglia was examined. priming of microglia with rifn-gamma and lps synergistically triggered, in a dose-dependent manner, amebastatic activity in these c ... | 2003 | 12781699 |
| the use of flow cytometry to detect expression of subunits encoded by 11 salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium fimbrial operons. | the salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (s. typhimurium) genome contains 13 putative fimbrial operons termed agf (csg), fim, pef, lpf, bcf, saf, stb, stc, std, stf, sth, sti and stj. evidence for in vitro expression of fimbrial proteins encoded by these operons is currently only available for agf, fim and pef. we raised antisera against putative major fimbrial subunits of s. typhimurium, including agfa, fima, pefa, lpfa, bcfa, stba, stca, stda, stfa, stha and stia. elaboration of stca on th ... | 2003 | 12787362 |
| evaluation of dna extraction methods for use in combination with sybr green i real-time pcr to detect salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in poultry. | the objective of this study was to develop a rapid, reproducible, and robust method for detecting salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in poultry samples. first, for the extraction and purification of dna from the preenrichment culture, four methods (boiling, alkaline lysis, nucleospin, and dynabeads dna direct system i) were compared. the most effective method was then combined with a real-time pcr method based on the double-stranded dna binding dye sybr green i used with the abi prism 7700 ... | 2003 | 12788750 |
| rapid detection of campylobacter coli, c. jejuni, and salmonella enterica on poultry carcasses by using pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | contamination of retail poultry by campylobacter spp. and salmonella enterica is a significant source of human diarrheal disease. isolation and identification of these microorganisms require a series of biochemical and serological tests. in this study, campylobacter ceue and salmonella inva genes were used to design probes in pcr-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), as an alternative to conventional bacteriological methodology, for the rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter ... | 2003 | 12788755 |
| [effect of disinfectants on surface hydrophobicity and mobility in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104]. | the paper evaluated antibacterial efficacy of 12 disinfectants on the basis of quaternary ammonium compounds (kaz) on the isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium of the definitive phage type 104 (dt104). one isolate--5551/99--represented the multiresistant phenotype, resistant to ampicillin (a), chloramphenicol (c), streptomycin (s), and tetracycline (t). the second isolate--577/99--was sensitive to all antibiotics tested. the present study further examined the capability of sub-mic ... | 2003 | 12789775 |
| global regulation by csra in salmonella typhimurium. | csra is a regulator of invasion genes in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. to investigate the wider role of csra in gene regulation, we compared the expression of salmonella genes in a csra mutant with those in the wild type using a dna microarray. as expected, we found that expression of salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1) invasion genes was greatly reduced in the csra mutant, as were genes outside the island that encode proteins translocated into eukaryotic cells by the spi-1 type ... | 2003 | 12791144 |
| longitudinal study of salmonella enterica aerotype typhimurium infection in three danish farrow-to-finish swine herds. | a longitudinal study of the infection dynamics of salmonella enterica was carried out with three danish farrow-to-finish swine herds. to account for variations in salmonella shedding over time, litters from each herd were divided into two cohorts. each cohort consisted of 30 pigs, for a total of 180 pigs. pigs were individually monitored by monthly bacteriologic and serologic examinations from weaning to slaughter. at weaning, individual sows were examined bacteriologically and serologically. at ... | 2003 | 12791837 |
| prevalence of enteroaggregative escherichia coli among children with and without diarrhea in switzerland. | in a prospective study between july 1999 and september 2000, stool specimens of children below the age of 16 years with (n = 187) and without (n = 137) diarrhea were tested for the presence of enterovirulent bacteria by standard culture methods and by pcr. targets for the pcr were the plasmid pcvd432 for enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec), the verotoxin 1 and verotoxin 2 genes for enterohemorrhagic e. coli, ipah for enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec) and shigella spp., genes coding for heat-st ... | 2003 | 12791838 |
| the world health organization's external quality assurance system proficiency testing program has improved the accuracy of antimicrobial susceptibility testing and reporting among participating laboratories using nccls methods. | a total of 150 laboratories in 33 countries that followed the nccls testing procedures participated in the world health organization's external quality assurance system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eqas-ast) from january 1998 through march 2001. laboratories tested seven bacterial isolates for antimicrobial resistance and reported the results to the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) in atlanta, ga. the results were compared to the results generated at the cdc with the ... | 2003 | 12791851 |
| several salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 4,5,12:i:- phage types isolated from swine samples originate from serotype typhimurium dt u302. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, plasmid profiling, and phage typing were used to characterize and determine possible genetic relationships between 48 salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates of pig origin collected in catalonia, spain, from 1998 to 2000. the strains were grouped into 23 multidrug-resistant fljb-lacking s. enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:- isolates, 24 s. enterica serovar typhimurium isolates, and 1 s. enterica serovar 4,5,12:-:- isolate. after combining the xbai and blni macrore ... | 2003 | 12791855 |
| oral immunisation with live aroa attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressing the yersinia pestis v antigen protects mice against plague. | bubonic and pneumonic plague are caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis. the v antigen of y. pestis is a protective antigen against plague. in this study, an aroa attenuated strain of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (sl3261) has been used to deliver the y. pestis v antigen as a candidate oral plague vaccine. sl3261 was transformed with the expression plasmid ptrc-lcrv, containing the lcrv gene encoding v antigen. immunoblot analysis showed v antigen expression in sl3261 in vitro and int ... | 2003 | 12798649 |
| identification, cloning and characterization of rfae of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1, a gene involved in lipopolysaccharide inner-core biosynthesis. | actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia and its lipopolysaccharides (lps) have been identified as important adhesins involved in adherence to host cells. to better understand the role of lps core in the virulence of this organism, the aim of the present study was to identify and clone genes involved in lps core biosynthesis by complementation with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium mutants (rfac, rfad, rfae and rfaf). complementation with an a. pleu ... | 2003 | 12798993 |
| tetratricopeptide-like repeats in type-iii-secretion chaperones and regulators. | efficient type-iii secretion depends on cytosolic molecular chaperones, which bind specifically to the translocators and effectors. in the past there has been a tendency to shoe-horn all type-iii-secretion chaperones into a single structural and functional class. however, we have shown that the lcrh/sycd-like chaperones consist of three central tetratricopeptide-like repeats that are predicted to fold into an all-alpha-helical array that is quite distinct from the known structure of the syce cla ... | 2003 | 12799000 |
| salmonella dna adenine methylase mutants elicit early and late onset protective immune responses in calves. | salmonellosis is an important disease of livestock and salmonella contamination of livestock-derived food products and effluents pose a significant risk to human health. salmonella vaccines currently available to prevent salmonellosis in cattle have limited efficacy. here we evaluated a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine strain lacking the dna adenine methylase (dam) for safety and efficacy in calves. vaccination was safe in calves, and following challenge with virulent typhimurium ... | 2003 | 12804855 |
| persistent silver disinfectant for the environmental control of pathogenic bacteria. | contaminated surfaces can act as a reservoir for pathogenic microorganisms and potentially exacerbate the risk of infection. surface disinfection and decontamination provide temporary amelioration against bacterial colonization. disinfected surfaces eventually become contaminated, thus, mitigating the benefit of the initial disinfection. it is hypothesized that to improve on the current state of the art, a disinfectant should not only immediately disinfect a surface but also provide persistent a ... | 2003 | 12806357 |
| reducing colonization of salmonella enteritidis in chicken by targeting outer membrane proteins. | to evaluate the ability of salmonella enterica ser. enteritidis outer membrane proteins (omps) of 75.6 and 82.3 kda to inhibit or reduce in vivo colonization of s. enteritidis on intestinal mucosa in chickens. | 2003 | 12807464 |
| a virulent strain of salmonella enterica serovar london isolated in infants with enteritis traced by active surveillance and molecular epidemiological study. | a total of 74 isolates of salmonella enterica serovar london were collected through the laboratory-based diarrheal diseases surveillance in 2000-2001. in order to characterize the isolates and investigate the source of the epidemic, we performed antimicrobial susceptibility tests and xbai pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of 44 salmonella london isolates. forty isolates were from feces of infants and four isolates were from adults aged 30, 52, 54, and 59 yr. two subtypes were identified: a ... | 2003 | 12808316 |
| [primary abscess of the psoas due to salmonella enterica, serogroup g, serotype friedenau]. | 2003 | 12809589 | |
| competitive exclusion by bacillus subtilis spores of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis and clostridium perfringens in young chickens. | cost effective control of avian diseases and food borne pathogens remains a high priority for all sectors of the poultry industry with cleansing and disinfection, vaccination and competitive exclusion approaches being used widely. previous studies showed that bacillus subtilis py79(hr) was an effective competitive exclusion agent for use in poultry to control avian pathogenic escherichia coli serotype o78:k80. here we report experiments that were undertaken to test the efficacy of b. subtilis py ... | 2003 | 12814892 |
| molting and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection: the problem and some solutions. | induced molting is an important economic tool used by the egg industry to recycle an aging layer flock. it is estimated that approximately 70% of the flocks nationwide and almost 100% in california are molted annually. considering that there are approximately 240 million hens in production in the u.s., a rough estimate of the numbers of hens molted every year would be between 144 and 168 million birds, a substantial number. there are many methods to induce molt, but feed removal until hens lose ... | 2003 | 12817457 |
| detection of a nosocomial outbreak of salmonellosis may be delayed by application of a protocol for rejection of stool cultures. | in october 2001 an outbreak of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage-type 6 occurred in a hospital and a nursing home, both served by the same hospital kitchen. five nursing home residents died during the outbreak. s. enteritidis was isolated from three of them. of 231 stool samples from nursing home residents, hospital patients and employees, 82 were culture-positive. all symptomatic patients were treated with oral ciprofloxacin. inspection of the kitchen showed that during preparation ... | 2003 | 12818580 |
| selection of small-colony variants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in nonphagocytic eucaryotic cells. | salmonella enterica strains are enteropathogenic bacteria that survive and proliferate within vacuolar compartments of epithelial and phagocytic cells. recently, it has been reported that fibroblast cells are capable of restricting s. enterica serovar typhimurium intracellular growth. here, we show that prolonged residence of bacteria in the intracellular environment of fibroblasts results in the appearance of genetically stable small-colony variants (scv). a total of 103 scv isolates, obtained ... | 2003 | 12819049 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressing a chromosomally integrated copy of the bacillus anthracis protective antigen gene protects mice against an anthrax spore challenge. | protective immunity against infection with bacillus anthracis is almost entirely based on a response to the protective antigen (pa), the binding moiety for the two other toxin components. we cloned the pa gene into an auxotrophic mutant of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium as a fusion with the signal sequence of the hemolysin (hly) a gene of escherichia coli to allow the export of pa via the hly export system. to stabilize the export cassette, it was also integrated into the chromosome of ... | 2003 | 12819066 |
| glutamine synthetase glna1 is essential for growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis in human thp-1 macrophages and guinea pigs. | to assess the role of glutamine synthetase (gs), an enzyme of central importance in nitrogen metabolism, in the pathogenicity of mycobacterium tuberculosis, we constructed a glna1 mutant via allelic exchange. the mutant had no detectable gs protein or gs activity and was auxotrophic for l-glutamine. in addition, the mutant was attenuated for intracellular growth in human thp-1 macrophages and avirulent in the highly susceptible guinea pig model of pulmonary tuberculosis. based on growth rates of ... | 2003 | 12819079 |
| the c-terminal domain of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium ompa is an immunodominant antigen in mice but appears to be only partially exposed on the bacterial cell surface. | we examined the way the major outer membrane protein ompa of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is recognized by the mouse immune system, by raising a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against this protein. interaction between ompa and these mabs is competitively inhibited with several-hundredfold dilutions of mouse polyclonal sera obtained by immunization with live or heat-killed whole cells, suggesting that ompa is one of the immunodominant antigens of serovar typhimurium. all of t ... | 2003 | 12819080 |
| a salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium translocated leucine-rich repeat effector protein inhibits nf-kappa b-dependent gene expression. | nontyphoidal salmonellae are enteric pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis and colonize the intestinal tract for prolonged periods. in the intestinal epithelia, these bacteria induce secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-8 (il-8), which leads to a profound inflammatory response through recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. production of il-8 induced by salmonella spp. is due to the activation of the transcription factors nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kappa b) and a ... | 2003 | 12819095 |
| cd44-regulated intracellular proliferation of listeria monocytogenes. | cd44 has been implicated in immune and inflammatory processes. we have analyzed the role of cd44 in the outcome of listeria monocytogenes infection in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmm). surprisingly, a dramatically decreased intracellular survival of l. monocytogenes was observed in cd44(-/-) bmm. cd44(-/-) heart or lung fibroblast cultures also showed reduced bacterial levels. moreover, livers from cd44(-/-)-infected mice showed diminished levels of l. monocytogenes. in contrast, int ... | 2003 | 12819101 |
| helicobacter pylori preferentially induces interleukin 12 (il-12) rather than il-6 or il-10 in human dendritic cells. | dendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting cells that are present in the gastrointestinal tract and are required for the induction of a th1 t-cell acquired immune response. since infection with the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori elicits a th1 cell response, the interaction of these organisms with dendritic cells should reflect the th1 bias. we incubated h. pylori with cultured human dendritic cells and measured the cytokine induction profile, comparing the response to that induced by sa ... | 2003 | 12819109 |
| a comparison of antimicrobial susceptibilities in nontyphoidal salmonellas from humans and food animals in england and wales in 2000. | a joint study by the public health laboratory service and the veterinary laboratories agency of resistance to antimicrobials in isolates of salmonella enterica serotypes enteritidis, typhimurium, hadar, and virchow from humans and food-producing animals in england and wales in 2000 has demonstrated that resistance was most common in typhimurium, particularly in strains of definitive phage type (dt) 104. however resistance was also common in other phage types, particularly dts 193 and 208 and pha ... | 2003 | 12820804 |
| [multiresistant salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium dt104 in the czech republic 2000-2001]. | salmonelloses belong to the most important alimentary diseases. from 1989 the main source of infection is s. enteritidis (95% and more). the ratio of s. typhimurium in the etiology declined gradually since 1994 from 3% in 1993 to 1.9% in 2001. the number of detected multiresistant strains stm dt104 is so far low in the czech republic. in 2000 laboratory tests confirmed 53 and in 2001 a total of 63 strains. analysis of these strains revealed: 1. the proportion of multiresistant strains stm dt104 ... | 2003 | 12822536 |
| regulation of dinucleoside polyphosphate pools by the ygdp and apah hydrolases is essential for the ability of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to invade cultured mammalian cells. | the ygdp and apah genes of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) encode two unrelated dinucleoside polyphosphate (npnn) hydrolases. for example, ygdp cleaves diadenosine tetraphosphate (ap4a) producing amp and atp, while apah cleaves ap4a producing 2adp. disruption of ygdp, apah individually, and disruption of both genes together reduced intracellular invasion of human hep-2 epithelial cells by s. typhimurium by 9-, 250-, and 3000-fold, respectively. adhesion of the mutants wa ... | 2003 | 12824172 |
| comparison of early ileal invasion by salmonella enterica serovars choleraesuis and typhimurium. | the mechanisms of salmonella serovar-host specificity are not well defined. pig ileal loops were used to compare phenotypic differences in early cellular invasion between non-host-adapted salmonella serovar typhimurium (sst) and host-adapted salmonella serovar choleraesuis (ssc). by 10 minutes postinoculation, both serovars invaded a small number of m cells, enterocytes, and goblet cells. multiple ssc organisms (up to 6 per cell) simultaneously invaded m cells, whereas sst often invaded as one t ... | 2003 | 12824508 |
| r-factor in salmonella enterica serovar typhi: transfer to and acquisition from escherichia coli. | blood culture isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhi showing high degrees of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole and tetracycline (accot-resistance) transferred their full resistance phenotype to antibiotic-sensitive s. enterica serovar typhi strains through the primary recipient escherichia coli c600. transfer frequencies were 0.80 x 10(-5) and 0.80 x 10(-6), respectively, in the primary and secondary transfer experiments. the escherichia coli isolates from urinary t ... | 2003 | 12824689 |
| display and release of the plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein using the autotransporter misl of salmonella enterica. | the salmonella enterica misl (protein of membrane insertion and secretion) is an autotransporter with high homology to aida-i (adhesin involved in diffuse adherence) of enteropathogenic escherichia coli. considering that it has been reported that the misl beta translocator domain is able to display heterologous passenger peptides to the bacterial surface, we developed a system to display proteins and release them to the external environment by means of proteolytic cleavage. plasmids were constru ... | 2003 | 12826054 |
| emerging themes in manganese transport, biochemistry and pathogenesis in bacteria. | though an essential trace element, manganese is generally accorded little importance in biology other than as a cofactor for some free radical detoxifying enzymes and in the photosynthetic photosystem ii. only a handful of other mn2+-dependent enzymes are known. recent data, primarily in bacteria, suggest that mn2+-dependent processes may have significantly greater physiological importance. two major classes of prokaryotic mn2+ uptake systems have now been described, one homologous to eukaryotic ... | 2003 | 12829271 |
| involvement of intestinal inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) in the early stages of murine salmonellosis. | local induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and apoptosis was examined in the intestine of mice infected with virulent salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis 5694 (s. enteritidis) and its attenuated derivative mutant e/1/3. both, intestinal inos mrna expression and inos activity showed a peak at 4 h only in animals receiving the virulent s. enteritidis. aminoguanidine treatment abrogated intestinal epithelial damage produced by virulent s. enteritidis and diminished apoptosis at t ... | 2003 | 12829292 |
| development of a novel method of lytic phage delivery by use of a bacteriophage p22 site-specific recombination system. | bacteriophage therapy represents a potential alternative to the use of antibiotics to control proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. as an alternative to the strategy where a limited number of doses of large numbers of lytic bacteriophages are administered, a novel method delivery system was developed so that phages are continually released into the culture. specifically, a non-pathogenic escherichia coli strain was constructed that was lysogenic for a lytic mutant of bacteriophage lambda. this l ... | 2003 | 12829296 |
| retron reverse transcriptase rrtt is ubiquitous in strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | bacterial retron reverse transcriptases are unusual enzymes which utilise the same rna molecule as a template and also as a primer for initiation of the reverse transcription. except for their relatively frequent presence in myxococcus spp., they are considered as quite rare proteins. however, in this study we proved that retron reverse transcriptase is frequently found in certain serovars of salmonella enterica. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), in strains of serovar typhimurium, the rrtt ... | 2003 | 12829299 |
| inhibition of bacterial dna replication by zinc mobilization during nitrosative stress. | phagocytic cells inhibit the growth of intracellular pathogens by producing nitric oxide (no). no causes cell filamentation, induction of the sos response, and dna replication arrest in the gram-negative bacterium salmonella enterica. no also induces double-stranded chromosomal breaks in replication-arrested salmonella lacking a functional recbcd exonuclease. this dna damage depends on actions of additional dna repair proteins, the recg helicase, and ruvc endonuclease. introduction of a recg mut ... | 2003 | 12829799 |
| reevaluating fluoroquinolone breakpoints for salmonella enterica serotype typhi and for non-typhi salmonellae. | salmonella enterica infections cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. antimicrobial therapy may be life-saving for patients with extraintestinal infections with s. enterica serotype typhi or non-typhi salmonellae. because antimicrobial resistance to several classes of traditional first-line drugs has emerged in the past several decades, the quinolone antimicrobial agents, particularly the fluoroquinolones, have become the drugs of choice. recently, resistance to nalidixic acid has ... | 2003 | 12830411 |
| sexual transmission of typhoid fever: a multistate outbreak among men who have sex with men. | in august 2000, the ohio department of health reported a cluster of men with typhoid fever who denied having traveled abroad. to determine the cause and the extent of the outbreak, an epidemiological investigation was initiated in which 7 persons in ohio, kentucky, and indiana with culture-confirmed salmonella enterica serotype typhi infection and 2 persons with probable typhoid fever were evaluated; all were men, and all but one reported having had sex with 1 asymptomatic male s. typhi carrier. ... | 2003 | 12830419 |
| synergistic effects of lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma in inducing interleukin-8 production in human monocytic thp-1 cells is accompanied by up-regulation of cd14, toll-like receptor 4, md-2 and myd88 expression. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) and interferon (ifn)-gamma synergistically induced interleukin-8 (il-8) production in human monocytic thp-1 cells. ifn-gamma-primed thp-1 cells produced higher levels of il-8 on stimulation with lps than non-primed cells and the level correlated with duration of priming up to 24 h, although the level of il-8 induced was most comparable to that induced by co-stimulation with lps and ifn-gamma. unstimulated thp-1 cells were shown by flow cytometry to be practically devoid ... | 2003 | 12831455 |
| the role of membrane-bound lbp, endotoxin aggregates, and the maxik channel in lps-induced cell activation. | we have previously shown in patch-clamp experiments on excised outside-out cytoplasmic membrane patches from human macrophages that the activation of a high-conductance ca(2+)- and voltage-dependent potassium channel, the maxik channel, is an early step in lps-induced transmembrane signal transduction in macrophages. maxik can be activated by agonistically active lps, and activation can be completely inhibited by lps antagonists (e.g. synthetic compound 406) and by anti-cd14 antibodies. furtherm ... | 2003 | 12831460 |
| in vitro and in vivo stability of recombinant plasmids in a vaccine strain of salmonella enterica var. typhimurium. | this study examined the ability of different plasmid vectors encoding h(c) fragment, the non-toxic binding portion of tetanus toxin, to be stably retained by salmonella enterica var. typhimurium (salmonella typhimurium) vaccine strain brd509 and, upon immunisation, to induce an antibody response against the carried antigen. the h(c) fragment expression cassette containing the transcription/translation signals, h(c) fragment open reading frame and the downstream trpa terminator, was excised from ... | 2003 | 12832114 |
| structural study of binding of flagellin by toll-like receptor 5. | in order to predict the binding regions within the complex formed by toll-like receptor 5 (tlr-5) and flagellin, a complementary hydropathy between the two proteins was sought. a region common to the flagellins of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and listeria monocytogenes was shown to be hydropathically complementary to the 552-to-561 fragment of tlr-5, whose sequence is eildisrnql. the hydrophobicity profile of this region is shared with flagellins of 377 bacter ... | 2003 | 12837800 |
| [in vitro susceptibility of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to reactive oxygen and nitrogen products]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the in-vitro susceptibility of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium against reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, on five different strains. sh5014 as a parental strain, pp120 as a soxrs mutant, sh7616 as a acrab efflux pump mutant, szh kuen 557 as a standard strain and a clinical isolate, were included to the study. hydrogen peroxide (at 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 mm concentrations) as reactive oxygen intermediate (roi) and deta-no (at 1, 2, 4 mg/ml conce ... | 2003 | 12838675 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes acid tolerance response induced by organic acids at 20 degrees c: optimization and modeling. | an acid tolerance response (atr) has been demonstrated in listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium in response to low ph poised (i.e., adapted) with acetic or lactic acids at 20 degrees c and modeled by using dynamic differential equations. the atr was not immediate or prolonged, and optimization occurred after exposure of l. monocytogenes for 3 h at ph 5.5 poised with acetic acid and for 2 h at ph 5.5 poised with lactic acid and after exposure of s. enterica serovar ty ... | 2003 | 12839765 |
| optimization of a reusable hollow-fiber ultrafilter for simultaneous concentration of enteric bacteria, protozoa, and viruses from water. | the detection and identification of pathogens from water samples remain challenging due to variations in recovery rates and the cost of procedures. ultrafiltration offers the possibility to concentrate viral, bacterial, and protozoan organisms in a single process by using size-exclusion-based filtration. in this study, two hollow-fiber ultrafilters with 50,000-molecular-weight cutoffs were evaluated to concentrate microorganisms from 2- and 10-liter water samples. when known quantities (10(5) to ... | 2003 | 12839786 |
| ingestion of salmonella enterica serotype poona by a free-living mematode, caenorhabditis elegans, and protection against inactivation by produce sanitizers. | free-living nematodes are known to ingest food-borne pathogens and may serve as vectors to contaminate preharvest fruits and vegetables. caenorhabditis elegans was selected as a model to study the effectiveness of sanitizers in killing salmonella enterica serotype poona ingested by free-living nematodes. aqueous suspensions of adult worms that had fed on s. enterica serotype poona were treated with produce sanitizers. treatment with 20 microg of free chlorine/ml significantly (alpha = 0.05) redu ... | 2003 | 12839787 |
| use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to characterize the heterogeneity and clonality of salmonella isolates obtained from the carcasses and feces of swine at slaughter. | salmonella enterica isolates were recovered from swine at a collaborating processing plant over a 2-month period in the spring of 2000. in the present study, molecular subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was performed on the 581 confirmed salmonella isolates from the 84 salmonella-positive samples obtained from the previous study. a total of 32 different pfge pulsotypes were observed visually, and a bionumerics software analysis clustered those pulsotypes into 12 pfge groups. th ... | 2003 | 12839796 |
| nontyphoidal salmonellae in united kingdom badgers: prevalence and spatial distribution. | eighteen (72%) of 25 badger social groups were found to excrete salmonella enterica serovar ried, s. enterica serovar binza, s. enterica serovar agama, or s. enterica serovar lomita. each serovar was susceptible to a panel of antimicrobials. based on results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the s. enterica serovar agama and s. enterica serovar binza isolates were very similar, but two clones each of s. enterica serovar lomita and s. enterica serovar ried were found. badgers excreting s. ente ... | 2003 | 12839821 |
| a rapid and direct real time pcr-based method for identification of salmonella spp. | the aim of this work was the validation of a rapid, real-time pcr assay based on taqman technology for the unequivocal identification of salmonella spp. to be used directly on an agar-grown colony. a real-time pcr system targeting at the salmonella spp. inva gene was optimized and validated through a four times repeated blind experiment performed in two different laboratories including 50 salmonella spp. with representative strains from each of the 5 different salmonella subgenera and 30 non-sal ... | 2003 | 12842485 |
| molecular epidemiology and characterization of plasmid-encoded beta-lactamases produced by tunisian clinical isolates of salmonella enterica serotype mbandaka resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. | we studied 31 clinical isolates of salmonella enterica serotype mbandaka resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and recovered in tunisia over a 5-year period. the transferability of this resistance was demonstrated by conjugation experiments. thirty of the 31 isolates were positive in the double-disk synergy test. by isoelectric focusing analysis, all of the isolates were found to produce a band of beta-lactamase activity with a pi of 5.9. three of these isolates produced an additional band ... | 2003 | 12843024 |
| multistate outbreak of salmonella serotype typhimurium infections associated with drinking unpasteurized milk--illinois, indiana, ohio, and tennessee, 2002-2003. | on december 10, 2002, the clark county combined health district and the ohio department of health (odh) were notified of two hospitalized children infected with salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. initial investigation implicated consumption of raw, unpasteurized milk purchased at a local combination dairy-restaurant (dairy) during november 27-december 13, 2002, as the cause. this report summarizes the subsequent investigation. because 27 states still allow the sale of raw milk, and organi ... | 2003 | 12844078 |
| bacterial lipopolysaccharide signaling through toll-like receptor 4 suppresses asthma-like responses via nitric oxide synthase 2 activity. | asthma results from an intrapulmonary allergen-driven th2 response and is characterized by intermittent airway obstruction, airway hyperreactivity, and airway inflammation. an inverse association between allergic asthma and microbial infections has been observed. microbial infections could prevent allergic responses by inducing the secretion of the type 1 cytokines, il-12 and ifn-gamma. in this study, we examined whether administration of bacterial lps, a prototypic bacterial product that activa ... | 2003 | 12847273 |
| salmonella septicemia in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: association with decreased interferon-gamma production and toll-like receptor 4 expression. | patients treated with antibodies to tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha) have an increased susceptibility to intracellular infections. we describe 2 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) who developed salmonella septicemia during anti-tnf treatment. the aim of this study was to identify the mechanisms involved in the increased susceptibility of anti-tnf-treated patients to intracellular microorganisms. | 2003 | 12847679 |
| regional dissemination of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is season dependent. | to carry out epidemiological typing of clinical isolates of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and analysis of their antibiotic resistance. | 2003 | 12848748 |
| investigation of the distribution and control of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt6 in layer breeding and egg production. | investigations were carried out in a layer breeder hatchery, a layer parent rearing farm, a layer parent farm and in a commercial pullet rearing and cage layer farm where salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis) pt6 had become established. pt6 was initially found in focal points in the hatchery, such as hatcher ventilation ducting, tray wash areas and waste areas, but improved disinfection was followed by a rapid disappearance of contamination. several different phage types of s. ... | 2003 | 12850912 |
| adrenomedullin expression by gastric epithelial cells in response to infection. | many surface epithelial cells express adrenomedullin, a multifunctional peptide found in a wide number of body and cell systems. recently, we and others have proposed that adrenomedullin has an important novel role in host defense. this peptide has many properties in common with other cationic antimicrobial peptides, including the human beta-defensins. upon exposure of human gastric epithelial cells to viable cells of invasive or noninvasive strains of helicobacter pylori, escherichia coli, salm ... | 2003 | 12853384 |
| immune responses against salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection in virally immunosuppressed chickens. | to understand the role of immune mechanisms in protecting chickens from salmonella infections, we examined the immune responses of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis-infected chickens and the effect of chicken anemia virus (cav), a t-cell-targeted virus, on s. enterica serovar enteritidis-induced immune responses. one-day-old chicks were orally inoculated with s. enterica serovar enteritidis with or without intramuscular injection of cav. the bacterial infection, pathology, and immune respo ... | 2003 | 12853403 |
| vaccination of mice with bacteria carrying a cloned herpesvirus genome reconstituted in vivo. | bacterial delivery systems are gaining increasing interest as potential vaccination vectors to deliver either proteins or nucleic acids for gene expression in the recipient. bacterial delivery systems for gene expression in vivo usually contain small multicopy plasmids. we have shown before that bacteria containing a herpesvirus bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) can reconstitute the virus replication cycle after cocultivation with fibroblasts in vitro. in this study we addressed the question ... | 2003 | 12857893 |