Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| the n-n non-covalent domain of the nucleocapsid protein of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus enhances induction of il-10 expression. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) usually establishes a prolonged infection and causes an immunosuppressive state. it has been proposed that il-10 plays an important role in prrsv-induced immunosuppression. however, this mechanism has not been completely elucidated. in this study, we found that transfection of 3d4/2 macrophages with the n protein gene of type 2 prrsv significantly upregulated il-10 expression at the transcriptional level. moreover, alanine substitution ... | 2015 | 25614594 |
| resolution of the cellular proteome of the nucleocapsid protein from a highly pathogenic isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus identifies parp-1 as a cellular target whose interaction is critical for virus biology. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a major threat to the swine industry and food security worldwide. the nucleocapsid (n) protein is a major structural protein of prrsv. the primary function of this protein is to encapsidate the viral rna genome, and it is also thought to participate in the modulation of host cell biology and recruitment of cellular factors to facilitate virus infection. in order to the better understand these latter roles the cellular interactome of ... | 2015 | 25614100 |
| temporal and spatial dynamics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in the united states. | to measure incidence and estimate temporal and spatial dynamics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection in us sow herds. | 2015 | 25535663 |
| threonine and tryptophan supplementation enhance porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (prrs) vaccine-induced immune responses of growing pigs. | the aim of the present study was to investigate influences of threonine and tryptophan supplementation (tts) on immune response of growing pigs inoculated with modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) vaccine. twenty growing barrows (landrace × yorkshire) were randomly assigned to four groups according to the prrs vaccination and tts. serum samples were collected from all pigs at days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 49 post-vaccination (day 0 defined as the day of vaccinat ... | 2015 | 25186185 |
| emergence of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (hp-prrs) in medium-scale swine farms in southeastern cambodia. | since 2006, reports from china and viet nam have alerted of an emergent highly pathogenic variant of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) in that region. the frequent occurrence of outbreaks in these countries puts cambodian pig farms at high risk of infection, but no study had been conducted to investigate the presence of hp-prrs in cambodian farms. we investigated the presence of hp-prrs in medium-scale (semi-commercial) swine farms in the cambodian southeastern regio ... | 2015 | 25179789 |
| generation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by in vitro assembly of viral genomic cdna fragments. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is the causative agent for a swine disease affecting the pig industry worldwide. infection with prrsv leads to reproductive complications, respiratory illness, and weak immunity to secondary infections. to better control prrsv infection, novel approaches for generating control measures are critically needed. here, in vitro gibson assembly (ga) of viral genomic cdna fragments was tested for its use as a quick and simple method to recover ... | 2015 | 25300804 |
| early postnatal respiratory viral infection alters hippocampal neurogenesis, cell fate, and neuron morphology in the neonatal piglet. | respiratory viral infections are common during the neonatal period in humans, but little is known about how early-life infection impacts brain development. the current study used a neonatal piglet model as piglets have a gyrencephalic brain with growth and development similar to human infants. piglets were inoculated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) to evaluate how chronic neuroinflammation affects hippocampal neurogenesis and neuron morphology. piglets in the neu ... | 2015 | 25176574 |
| intranasal inoculation of sows with highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus at mid-gestation causes transplacental infection of fetuses. | transplacental infection plays a critical role in the reproductive failure induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), yet exposure of sows and gilts to classical prrsv generally leads to reproductive failure after 85 days of gestation. we report, for the first time, that the susceptibility of fetuses to highly pathogenic prrsv (hp-prrsv) is similar at 60 days and 90 days of gestation. this difference from classical prrsv may contribute to its high pathogenicity. a fi ... | 2015 | 26715184 |
| nadc30-like strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, china. | 2015 | 26584305 | |
| complete genome sequence of a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus variant with a new insertion in glycoprotein 5, isolated from a stillborn fetus. | here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain gd-2011, a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) that was isolated from a stillborn fetus. the gd-2011 strain is characterized by a discontinuous 30-amino acid deletion in the nonstructural protein 2. in addition, gd-2011 had a 1-amino acid insertion in glycoprotein 5, which does not exist in any other hp-prrsv strains. | 2015 | 26607885 |
| characterizing the thymic lesions in piglets infected with attenuated strains of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | piglets infected with the highly pathogenic prrsv (hp-prrsv) hun4 strain develop severe thymus atrophy. however, the attenuated strain hun4-f112 does not lead to lesions in organs. here, we have characterized the thymic lesions in piglets infected with attenuated strains of hp-prrsv hun4 isolated at different passages in the attenuation process to produce hun4-f112 from the parent hun4 strain (hun4-f5, hun4-f15, hun4-f23, hun4-f30, and hun4-f112). the thymic effects of infection were evaluated i ... | 2015 | 26564577 |
| [advances in understanding of the infection/replication mechanisms and virulence determinants of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus]. | the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) can cause reproductive barriers in breeding pigs and respiratory symptoms in piglets. in this review, we summarize research progress of the infection and replication mechanisms of the prrsv. we also review the virulence determinants of the prrsv. all these fundamental studies are important for the control and elimination of the prrsv. | 2015 | 26738300 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) inhibits rna-mediated gene silencing by targeting ago-2. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection strongly modulates the host's immune response. the rna silencing pathway is an intracellular innate response to viral infections. however, it is unknown whether prrsv interacts with cellular rna silencing to facilitate the viral infection. here, we report for the first time the interaction between prrsv and rna silencing in both the porcine macrophages and african green monkey kidney cell line (marc-145) cell line, which were ... | 2015 | 26512690 |
| unusual severe cases of type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection in conventionally reared pigs in south korea. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) causes a loss of approximately us$ 70 million every year to the south korean pork industry. there are two distinct genotypes: european (type 1) and north american (type 2). in south korea, type 1 and type 2 prrsv are widely distributed and have evolved continuously since the infection was first described. here, we present two field cases of type 1 prrsv infection with unusually severe pathogenicity. | 2015 | 26497589 |
| targeting swine leukocyte antigen class i molecules for proteasomal degradation by the nsp1α replicase protein of the chinese highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain jxwn06. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a critical pathogen of swine, and infections by this virus often result in delayed, low-level induction of cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses in pigs. here, we report that a chinese highly pathogenic prrsv strain possessed the ability to downregulate swine leukocyte antigen class i (sla-i) molecules on the cell surface of porcine alveolar macrophages and target them for degradation in a manner that was dependent on the ubiquitin- ... | 2015 | 26491168 |
| effect of nonstructural protein 2 hypervariable regions in the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in marc-145 cells. | highly pathogenic (hp) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) causes prolonged high fever, red discoloration of the body, blue ears and a high mortality. previously, we found that the prrsv vaccine strain tjm contained a deletion of 120 amino acids (aa 628-747) in nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2). we aimed to explore the replication features of prrsv after adding the transiently expressed product of these 120 aa in vitro. | 2015 | 26694645 |
| spatial analysis and temporal trends of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in denmark from 2007 to 2010 based on laboratory submission data. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) has been a cause for great concern to the danish pig industry since it was first diagnosed in 1992. the causative agent of prrs is an rna virus which is divided into different genotypes. the clinical signs, as well as its morbidity and mortality, is highly variable between herds and regions. two different genotypes of prrs virus (prrsv) are found in denmark: type 1 and type 2. approximately 40% of danish swine herds are seropositive for one or ... | 2015 | 26689831 |
| concurrent vaccination of pigs with type 1 and type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) protects against type 1 prrsv but not against type 2 prrsv on dually challenged pigs. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of concurrent vaccination of pigs with both type 1 and type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) vaccine against heterologous dual challenge of both genotypes and compare with single vaccination of pigs against heterologous single challenge of both genotypes. pigs were administered both type 1 and type 2 prrsv vaccine concurrently into separate anatomical sites at 28 days of age and inoculated intranasally wit ... | 2015 | 26679817 |
| immunoregulatory signal foxp3, cytokine gene expression and ifn-γ cell responsiveness upon porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) natural infection. | the study aims at evaluating gene expression of pro-inflammatory (il-1β, il-8, tnf-α), pro-immune (ifn-γ), anti-inflammatory (il-10) cytokines and of the immunoregulatory signal foxp3 in association with prrsv-specific ifn-γ secreting cell (sc) responsiveness upon prrsv natural infection. forty prrsv-negative pigs were assigned to two groups: 20 pigs were vaccinated at 3 weeks of age (weaning) against prrsv (v-prrsv) with a modified live virus vaccine (mlv) and 20 pigs were kept non-vaccinated ( ... | 2015 | 26679802 |
| complete genome sequence of type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain e38, isolated from south korea with a novel deletion. | we report the complete genome sequence of the european type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus e38 strain, isolated from south korea with a novel deletion. it contains a 61-nucleotide discontinuous deletion of the nsp2 and nsp12 regions. this study will aid in understanding the genetic diversity of type 1 prrsv and in manufacturing a construct based on korean vaccine candidate development. | 2015 | 26472832 |
| economic analysis of immunization strategies for prrs control [corrected]. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is a swine-specific pathogen that causes significant increases in production costs. when a breeding herd becomes infected, in an attempt to hasten control and elimination of prrsv, some veterinarians have adopted a strategy called load-close-expose which consists of interrupting replacement pig introductions into the herd for several weeks (herd closure) and exposing the whole herd to a replicating prrsv to boost herd immunity. either m ... | 2015 | 26673898 |
| immune response of multiparous hyper-immunized sows against peptides from non-structural and structural proteins of prrsv. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the humoral and cellular responses of commercial multiparous and hyper-immunized sows against peptides from non-structural (nsp) and structural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). we selected sows with different numbers of parities from a commercial farm. management practices on this farm include the use of the mlv commercial vaccine four times per year, plus two vaccinations during the acclimation period. the humoral ... | 2015 | 26633527 |
| cellular mir-130b inhibits replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vitro and in vivo. | micrornas (mirnas) can impact viral infections by binding to sequences with partial complementarity on viral rna transcripts, usually resulting in the repression of virus replication. in the present study, we identified a potential binding site for mir-130 in the 5' untranslated region (bps 155-162) of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) genome. we found that the delivery of multiple mir-130 family mimics, especially mir-130b, resulted in inhibition of prrsv replicati ... | 2015 | 26581169 |
| rescue and evaluation of a recombinant prrsv expressing porcine interleukin-4. | the current vaccines for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) have failed to provide broad protection against infection by various strains of prrsv. porcine interleukin-4 (pil-4) plays an important role in the regulation of the immune response and has been used previously as an immunological adjuvant. the objective of this study was to construct a recombinant prrsv expressing pil-4 and to evaluate the immune response of the recombinant virus in piglets. | 2015 | 26573719 |
| complete genomic characterization and genetic diversity of four european genotype porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates from china in 2011. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is an emerging disease that has caused serious economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. in 2011, a nation-wide surveillance program investigated the prevalence of prrs viruses (prrsv) in chinese breeding swine farms, and four european genotype prrsv (prrsv-type 1) were successfully isolated. to explore the genetic diversity of prrsv-type 1 in china, these 4 viral strains were subjected to genome sequencing and analysis. the four isolat ... | 2015 | 26573283 |
| inhibition of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication by recombinant pseudorabies virus-mediated rna interference in piglets. | highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) is a variant of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) which, in recent years, has caused heavy economic losses to swine-producing areas. although current vaccines are somewhat prophylactic, they provide only limited protection. furthermore, there are currently no effective anti-hp-prrsv drugs. consequently, it is necessary to develop novel antiviral strategies. in the present study, three recom ... | 2015 | 26560709 |
| serum inoculation as a possibility for elimination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) from a farrow-to-finish pig farm. | the large heterogeneity among porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) isolates is probably the main obstacle to its effective control using current commercial vaccines. intentionally exposing all breeding pigs to prrsv circulating on the farm could eliminate porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) from the herd. the objective of this study was to eliminate prrs from a farrow-to-finish pig farm by serum inoculation. the owner was acquainted with the strict biosecu ... | 2015 | 26551429 |
| the 15n and 46r residues of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein enhance regulatory t lymphocytes proliferation. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) negatively modulates host immune responses, resulting in persistent infection and immunosuppression. prrsv infection increases the number of prrsv-specific regulatory t lymphocytes (tregs) in infected pigs. however, the target antigens for tregs proliferation in prrsv infection have not been fully understood. in this study, we demonstrated that the highly pathogenic prrsv (hp-prrsv) induced more cd4+cd25+foxp3+ tregs than classical prrs ... | 2015 | 26397116 |
| effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on pig growth, diet utilization efficiency, and gas release from stored manure. | the objectives of this study were to examine the effects of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection and vaccination on pig growth, dietary nutrient efficiency of utilization, manure output, and emissions of co, ch, hs, no, and nh gases from stored manure. forty-eight pigs, aged 21 d at the start of the study, were subjected to 1 of 4 treatment combinations arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with main factors of prrsv vaccination and prrsv infection. body weight, a ... | 2015 | 26440342 |
| plant-based porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vlps induce an immune response in mice. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) significantly affects the swine industry worldwide. an efficient, protective vaccine is still lacking. here, we report for the first time the generation and purification of prrsv virus like particles (vlps) by expressing gp5, m and n genes in nicotiana silvestris plants. the particles were clearly visible by transmission electron microscopy (tem) with a size of 60-70 nm. hydrodynamic diameter of the particles was obtained and it was con ... | 2015 | 26412521 |
| a synthetic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain confers unprecedented levels of heterologous protection. | current vaccines do not provide sufficient levels of protection against divergent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) strains circulating in the field, mainly due to the substantial variation of the viral genome. we describe here a novel approach to generate a prrsv vaccine candidate that could confer unprecedented levels of heterologous protection against divergent prrsv isolates. by using a set of 59 nonredundant, full-genome sequences of type 2 prrsvs, a consensus geno ... | 2015 | 26401031 |
| the endoribonuclease activity essential for the nonstructural protein 11 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus to inhibit nlrp3 inflammasome-mediated il-1β induction. | nlrp3 inflammasome, which is multiprotein complex that induces the maturity and secretion of proinflammatory interleukin-1β (il-1β), takes a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune responses to the invading pathogens. it has been shown that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) could activate the nlrp3 inflammasome but induce the host's immunosuppression. this study aims to explore whether prrsv could encode the component to antagonize the nlrp3 inflammasome. the obta ... | 2015 | 26398903 |
| complete genomic characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain hb-xl. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is the causal agent of a serious disease of swine. here, we report the genome sequence of prrsv strain hb-xl isolated from a pig farm with a clinical outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. the genome is 15,323 bp long and has nine open reading frames (genbank: kp162169). comparative and phylogenetic analysis showed that hb-xl belongs to the highly pathogenic prrsv (hp-prrsv) subfamily in the family prrsv. the viral n ... | 2015 | 26213972 |
| characterization of three porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates from a single swine farm bearing strong homology to a vaccine strain. | three porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (prrsv), nt1, nt2, and nt3, were isolated from three dying piglets from a single pig farm in jiangsu province, china. whole genome sequencing revealed that the three isolates share the highest homology with jxa1-p80, an attenuated vaccine strain developed by serial passage of highly pathogenic prrsv jxa1 in marc-145 cells. more than ten amino acids residues in orf1a, orf1b, gp4, and gp5 that were thought to be unique to jxa1 attenuated ... | 2015 | 26162970 |
| expression profiling of the gbp1 gene as a candidate gene for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome resistance. | a genomic region in pig chromosome 4 has been previously associated with higher viraemia levels and lower weight gain following porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection. the region includes the marker wur1000125, a g>a polymorphism next to a putative polyadenylation site in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-utr) of the guanylate-binding protein 1, interferon-induced (gbp1) gene. the protein encoded by gbp1 is a negative regulator of t-cell responses. we show here that g ... | 2015 | 26358736 |
| novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains in the united states with deletions in untranslated regions. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) still causes major problems for the swine industry worldwide. here, we report the detection and genomic characterization of two novel prrs virus (prrsv) strains from the united states with deletions in untranslated regions (utrs). the oh155-2015 strain has two single-nucleotide deletions in the 5' utr, whereas the oh28372-2013 strain has a 13-nt deletion in the 3' utr. in addition, oh155-2015 and oh28372-2013 have a unique deletion and mutatio ... | 2015 | 26358265 |
| the nonstructural protein 11 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus inhibits nf-κb signaling by means of its deubiquitinating activity. | since its emergence in the late 1980s, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) has been devastating the swine industry worldwide. the causative agent is an arterivirus, referred to as prrs virus (prrsv). the pathogenic mechanisms of prrs are poorly understood, but are believed to correlate with the ability of prrsv to inhibit immune responses of the host. however, precisely how the virus is capable of doing so remains obscure. in this study, we showed that prrsv infection led to red ... | 2015 | 26342881 |
| chimeric porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus containing shuffled multiple envelope genes confers cross-protection in pigs. | the extensive genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) strains is a major obstacle for vaccine development. we previously demonstrated that chimeric prrsvs in which a single envelope gene (orf3, orf4, orf5 or orf6) was shuffled via dna shuffling had an improved heterologous cross-neutralizing ability. in this study, we incorporate all of the individually-shuffled envelope genes together in different combinations into an infectious clone backbone of prrsv m ... | 2015 | 26342466 |
| persistence and retention of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in stable flies (diptera: muscidae). | we investigated the acquisition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus by the stable fly (diptera: muscidae; stomoxys calcitrans (l.)) through a bloodmeal, and virus persistence in the digestive organs of the fly using virus isolation and quantitative reverse-transcription pcr (qrt-pcr). stable flies were fed blood containing live virus, modified live vaccine virus, chemically inactivated virus, or no virus. stable flies acquired prrsv from the bloodmeal and the amount of ... | 2015 | 26336236 |
| immune responses of pigs immunized with a recombinant porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus expressing porcine gm-csf. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has spread worldwide, causing huge economic losses to the swine industry. the current prrsv vaccines have failed to provide broad protection against various strains. granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf), an efficacious adjuvant, has been shown to enhance the immunogenicity of various vaccines. the purpose of this study was to construct a recombinant live attenuated prrsv that expresses porcine gm-csf (pgm-csf) and e ... | 2015 | 26300317 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine does not fit in classical vaccinology. | all vaccines are developed to elicit an effective immune response in vaccinated animals such as innate, humoral and cell mediated response to protect animal health. quality and intensity of the immune responses are differing by characteristics of the vaccine formulation and nature of the infectious agent. modified live virus vaccines showed advantages over killed vaccines in terms of rapid immune response, duration of the immunity and better cell mediated protection mechanism. the porcine reprod ... | 2015 | 26273574 |
| inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication in vitro using dna-based short antisense oligonucleotides. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and is an economically important disease in swine-producing areas. the objective of this study was to screen for effective antisense oligonucleotides (as-ons) which could inhibit prrsv replication in marc-145 cells and in pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pam). | 2015 | 26265453 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 3c protease cleaves the mitochondrial antiviral signalling complex to antagonize ifn-β expression. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, a highly infectious disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), has developed various strategies to evade the host innate immune response, including the suppression of type i ifn activation. the mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein (mavs) is an important bridging adaptor of retinoic acid-inducible gene i/melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 signalling pathways. here, we demonstrated that the 3c-like ... | 2015 | 26253126 |
| whole blood microarray analysis of pigs showing extreme phenotypes after a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. | the presence of variability in the response of pigs to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection, and recent demonstration of significant genetic control of such responses, leads us to believe that selection towards more disease resistant pigs could be a valid strategy to reduce its economic impact on the swine industry. to find underlying molecular differences in prrs susceptible versus more resistant pigs, 100 animals with extremely different growth rates and viremi ... | 2015 | 26159815 |
| complete genome sequence of a novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus that emerged in china. | a novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) strain with 393 nucleotide deletions in the nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) region was examined in this study. results will help improve our understanding of the epidemiology and genetic diversity of the north american-type prrsv in china. | 2015 | 26159524 |
| comparison of two genetically distant type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) modified live vaccines against vietnamese highly pathogenic prrsv. | highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) known as pig high fever disease was first reported in china and has spread rapidly in neighboring southeastern asian countries. the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new type 2 prrsv modified live vaccine (vaccine a) against a challenge with a hp-prrsv and to compare the efficacy of two genetically distant type 2 prrsv modified vaccines (vaccine a for lineage 8 and vaccine b for lineage 5) ag ... | 2015 | 26149103 |
| live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines: current status and future direction. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) caused by prrs virus (prrsv) was reported in the late 1980s. prrs still is a huge economic concern to the global pig industry with a current annual loss estimated at one billion us dollars in north america alone. it has been 20 years since the first modified live-attenuated prrsv vaccine (prrsv-mlv) became commercially available. prrsv-mlvs provide homologous protection and help in reducing shedding of heterologous viruses, but they do not com ... | 2015 | 26148878 |
| innate and adaptive immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | many highly effective vaccines have been produced against viruses whose virulent infection elicits strong and durable protective immunity. in these cases, characterization of immune effector mechanisms and identification of protective epitopes/immunogens has been informative for the development of successful vaccine programs. diseases in which the immune system does not rapidly clear the acute infection and/or convalescent immunity does not provide highly effective protection against secondary c ... | 2015 | 26209116 |
| emergence of a virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vaccinated herds in the united states. | in early 2014, a minnesota sow farm with a solid vaccination history suffered a severe porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) outbreak with unusually high morbidity and mortality in piglets and sows, as well as anorexia and secondary bacterial infections in nursery pigs. due to the unusual clinical severity in a prrs-immune herd, genetic characteristics of the virus were examined to determine if a new prrsv genotype had emerged. phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virulent str ... | 2015 | 26169029 |
| hp-prrsv is attenuated by de-optimization of codon pair bias in its rna-dependent rna polymerase nsp9 gene. | there is an urgent need to develop new vaccines against highly pathogenic prrs virus (hp-prrsv) variant in china. the actual use of each codon pairs is more or less frequent than that of the statistical prediction and codon pair bias (cpb) usage affects gene translation. we "shuffled" the existing codons in hp-prrsv genes gp5, m, nsp2 and nsp9, so that the cpb of these genes could be more negative. de-optimization of nsp9, the rna-dependent rna polymerase, significantly decreased prrsv replicati ... | 2015 | 26247624 |
| importation and recombination are responsible for the latest emergence of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in china. | in china, a majority of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (hp-prrsv) strains were seeded by the 2006 outbreak. however, the most recently emerged (2013-2014) hp-prrsv strain has a very different genetic background. it is a nadc30-like prrsv strain recently introduced from north america that has undergone genetic exchange with the classic hp-prrsv strains in china. subsequent isolation and characterization of this variant suggest high pathogenicity, so it merits ... | 2015 | 26246582 |
| molecular epidemiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses isolated from 1991 to 2013 in taiwan. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) was first identified in taiwan in 1991, but the genetic diversity and evolution of prrsv has not been thoroughly investigated over the past 20 years. the aim of this study was to bridge the gap in understanding of its molecular epidemiology. a total of 31 prrsv strains were collected and sequenced. the sequences were aligned using the muscle program, and phylogenetic analysis were performed by the maximum-likelihood method and the neigh ... | 2015 | 26246243 |
| distribution of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) in different stages of gestation sows: hp-prrsv distribution in gestation sows. | highly pathogenic prrsv (hp-prrsv) emerged in china in 2006 and caused severe reproductive losses, particularly in late-term sows. to determine whether these reproductive failures were related to the susceptibility of late-term sows to hp-prrv, 60- and 90-days of gestation sows were infected with hp-prrsv isolate ta-12 (genbank accession hq417620). a monoclonal antibody specific to the c-terminal of the nucleocapsid protein was used to evaluate viral distribution by ihc. this showed that hp-prrs ... | 2015 | 26143005 |
| development of a network based model to simulate the between-farm transmission of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | contact structure within a population can significantly affect the outcomes of infectious disease spread models. the objective of this study was to develop a network based simulation model for the between-farm spread of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus to assess the impact of contact structure on between-farm transmission of prrs virus. for these farm level models, a hypothetical population of 500 swine farms following a multistage production system was used. the contact rates ... | 2015 | 26464321 |
| an aqueous platinum nanotube based fluorescent immuno-assay for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has been a significant pathogen towards global swine industry upon its emergence in the late 1980s and since then has exemplified a rapidly evolving, widely spreading pathogen. it is urgently important to develop a simple, rapid and cost effective method to detect this pathogen when virus outbreaks. in the present work, it was found that virus antibody modified platinum nanotubes (pt-ab) could act as a superquencher to cdte:zn(2+) quant ... | 2015 | 26452829 |
| probe-free real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection and typing of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in canada. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) has tremendous impact on the pork industry in north america. the molecular diagnosis of infection with prrs virus (prrsv) is hampered by its considerable strain diversity. in this study, 43 previously published or newly developed primers for probe-free real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) were evaluated on their sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and repeatability, using a diverse panel of 36 prrsv strains ... | 2015 | 26130848 |
| propidium monoazide (pma) and ethidium bromide monoazide (ema) improve dna array and high-throughput sequencing of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus identification. | pan-viral dna array (pvda) and high-throughput sequencing (hts) are useful tools to identify novel viruses of emerging diseases. however, both techniques have difficulties to identify viruses in clinical samples because of the host genomic nucleic acid content (hg/cont). both propidium monoazide (pma) and ethidium bromide monoazide (ema) have the capacity to bind free dna/rna, but are cell membrane-impermeable. thus, both are unable to bind protected nucleic acid such as viral genomes within int ... | 2015 | 26129867 |
| complete genome sequence of a pathogenic genotype 1 subtype 3 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (strain su1-bel) from pig primary tissue. | we report here the complete genome of the pathogenic eastern european subtype 3 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) strain su1-bel, sequenced directly from a pig lymph node. while sharing substantial sequence similarity with other subtype 3 strains, su1-bel is found to harbor unique indels and contain putative novel subgenomic rnas. | 2015 | 25999564 |
| evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus gp5 and gp3 genes under swifn-β immune pressure and interferon regulatory factor-3 activation suppressed by gp5. | in this study, a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) strain, prrsv gd07 was continuously propagated in marc-145 cell cultures primed with swifn-β for 50 passages to develop the prrsv gdβfn strains. and a control strain prrsv gdfn was passaged without swifn-β. the sequencing analysis indicated that under swifn-β immune pressure, molecular variation of prrsv gp5 was accelerated in gene (ns/s>2.50), and the acceleration of gp3 was not significant (ns/s<2 ... | 2015 | 26022070 |
| cellular microrna mir-26a suppresses replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by activating innate antiviral immunity. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) has caused large economic losses in the swine industry in recent years. current prrs vaccines fail to effectively prevent and control this disease. consequently, there is a need to develop new antiviral strategies. micrornas play critical roles in intricate host-pathogen interaction networks, but the involvement of mirnas during prrs virus (prrsv) infection is not well understood. in this study, pretreatment with mir-26a induced a significant ... | 2015 | 26013676 |
| deoxynivalenol (don) naturally contaminated feed impairs the immune response induced by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) live attenuated vaccine. | cereal commodities are frequently contaminated with mycotoxins produced by the secondary metabolism of fungal infection. among these contaminants, deoxynivalenol (don), also known as vomitoxin, is the most prevalent type b trichothecene mycotoxin worldwide. pigs are very sensitive to the toxic effects of don and are frequently exposed to naturally contaminated feed. recently, don naturally contaminated feed has been shown to decrease porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) sp ... | 2015 | 26117152 |
| effects of dietary soybean meal concentration on growth and immune response of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary soybean meal (sbm) concentration on the growth performance and immune response of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). four experimental treatments included a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of 2 dietary sbm concentrations, 17.5% (lsbm) or 29% (hsbm), and 2 levels of prrsv infection, uninfected sham or prrsv infected. sixty-four weanling pigs of split sex (21 d of age, 7.14 ± 0.54 kg) were indi ... | 2015 | 26115285 |
| lipid rafts both in cellular membrane and viral envelope are critical for prrsv efficient infection. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) represents a significantly economical challenge to the swine industry worldwide. in this study, we investigated the importance of cellular and viral lipid rafts in prrsv infection. first, we demonstrated that prrsv glycoproteins, gp3 and gp4, were associated with lipid rafts during viral entry, and disruption of cellular lipid rafts inhibited prrsv entry. we also showed the raft-location of cd163, which might contribute to the glycoprot ... | 2015 | 26115164 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) from the first outbreak of india shows close relationship with the highly pathogenic variant of china. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is an economically important viral disease of pigs worldwide. india has reported the first outbreak of prrs in the pig population of mizoram state to the office international des epizooties on the 26 june 2013. | 2015 | 26107007 |
| inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by cecropin d in vitro. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) continues to cause substantial economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. although vaccines are commercially available for the control of prrsv infection, no vaccination regimen has been proved sustained success in terms of generating a protective immune response. therefore, the development of novel antivirals is urgently needed. antimicrobial peptides display broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against bacteria, fungi, and viru ... | 2015 | 26102162 |
| identification of a short interspersed repetitive element insertion polymorphism in the porcine mx1 promoter associated with resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. | the myxovirus resistance (mx) proteins belong to the dynamin superfamily and are important for innate host defence against rna viruses. in this study, we demonstrate that positive elements are present in the two promoter regions of -2713 to -2565 and -688 to -431 in the porcine mx1 gene. sequencing and alignment of the amplified porcine mx1 gene promoter region identified a short interspersed repetitive element (sine) insertion of 275 bp at site -547. at this site, allele b (an insertion of 275 ... | 2015 | 26095790 |
| glycoprotein 5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain sd16 inhibits viral replication and causes g2/m cell cycle arrest, but does not induce cellular apoptosis in marc-145 cells. | cell apoptosis is common after infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). prrsv gp5 has been reported to induce cell apoptosis. to further understand the role of gp5 in prrsv induced cell apoptosis, we established marc-145 cell lines stably expressing full-length gp5, gp5(δ84-96) (aa 84-96 deletion), and gp5(δ97-119) (aa 97-119 deletion). cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell apoptosis and virus replication in these cell lines were evaluated. neither t ... | 2015 | 26093497 |
| a novel dna vaccine for reduction of prrsv-induced negative immunomodulatory effects: a proof of concept. | viral-induced interleukin (il)-10 and regulatory t lymphocytes (tregs) are believed to play a major role in shaping the immunological and clinical outcomes following porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection. recently, it has been shown that prrsv nucleocapsid (n) protein can induce il-10 production which is essential for induction of prrsv-specific tregs. we hypothesized that immunity to n protein should reduce prrsv-induced negative immunomodulatory effects which wi ... | 2015 | 26079617 |
| comparison of serum and oral fluid antibody responses after vaccination with a modified live (mlv) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (pprsv) vaccine in prrs endemic farms. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is a disease that is both highly contagious and of great economic importance in malaysia. therefore, reliable and improved diagnostic methods are needed to facilitate disease surveillance. this study compared prrsv antibody responses in oral fluid versus serum samples following prrs modified live (mlv) vaccination using commercial antibody elisa kits (idexx laboratories, inc.). the study involved two pig farms located in perak and selangor, ma ... | 2015 | 26070293 |
| suppression of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus proliferation by glycyrrhizin. | glycyrrhizin is a natural component extracted from the roots of glycyrrhiza glabra. in this study, we investigated the antiviral activity of glycyrrhizin against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), an arterivirus that has been devastating the swine industry worldwide since the late 1980s. our results showed that treatment with glycyrrhizin significantly reduced prrsv proliferation and prrsv-encoded protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. mechanistically, glycyrrhi ... | 2015 | 26055123 |
| pigs immunized with chinese highly pathogenic prrs virus modified live vaccine are protected from challenge with north american prrsv strain nadc-20. | modified live virus (mlv) vaccines developed to protect against prrsv circulating in north america (na) offer limited protection to highly pathogenic (hp) prrsv strains that are emerging in asia. mlv vaccines specific to hp-prrsv strains commercially available in china provide protection to hp-prrsv; however, the efficacy of these hp-prrsv vaccines to current circulating na prrs viruses has not been reported. the aim of this study is to investigate whether pigs vaccinated with attenuated chinese ... | 2015 | 26049004 |
| sasa quelpaertensis nakai extract suppresses porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication and modulates virus-induced cytokine production. | although sasa quelpaertensis nakai, a dwarf bamboo, is known to exert a variety of beneficial effects on health, its antiviral effect remains to be elucidated. porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is one of the most devastating viral pathogens of swine and has a substantial economic impact on the global pork industry. therefore, the present study was conducted to determine whether sasa quelpaertensis nakai extract (sqe) inhibits prrsv infection in cultured porcine alveolar ... | 2015 | 26047649 |
| highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection induced apoptosis and autophagy in thymi of infected piglets. | previously, we demonstrated that the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv) hun4 strain causes obvious thymic atrophy and thymocytes apoptosis in infected piglets after birth, which is more severe than that induced by classical prrsv. in this study, we investigated apoptosis and autophagy in the thymus of piglets infected with the hp-prrsv hun4 strain, and found that both apoptosis and autophagy occurred in the thymus of piglets infected with hp-prrsv. i ... | 2015 | 26046751 |
| effect of amino acids residues 323-433 and 628-747 in nsp2 of representative porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains on inflammatory response in vitro. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is an important pathogen that is responsible for large economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. in prrsv strains, many genetic variations occur in the central hypervariable region (hv2) of the nsp2 gene, which encodes non-structural protein 2. for example, prrsv strains vr2332, em2007, mn184c, and tjm-f92 contained variations in the nsp2 sequences and exhibited differing levels of virulence in adult pigs. however, the role of hv ... | 2015 | 26043979 |
| lessons learned and knowledge gaps about the epidemiology and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in north america. | 2015 | 26043128 | |
| honeybee (apis mellifera) venom reinforces viral clearance during the early stage of infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus through the up-regulation of th1-specific immune responses. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is a chronic and immunosuppressive viral disease that is responsible for substantial economic losses for the swine industry. honeybee venom (hbv) is known to possess several beneficial biological properties, particularly, immunomodulatory effects. therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the effects of hbv on the immune response and viral clearance during the early stage of infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (p ... | 2015 | 26008237 |
| icam-1-dependent and icam-1-independent neutrophil lung infiltration by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. | neutrophils are innate immune cells that play a crucial role in the first line of host defense. it is also known that neutrophil lung recruitment and infiltration may cause lung injury. the roles of neutrophils in virus infection-induced lung injury are not clear. we explore the mechanisms of neutrophil lung infiltration and the potential biomarkers for lung injury in a swine model of lung injury caused by natural or experimental porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infect ... | 2015 | 26001774 |
| a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) vaccine candidate based on the fusion protein of prrsv glycoprotein 5 and the toll-like receptor-5 agonist salmonella typhimurium fljb. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is characterized by severe reproductive failure and severe pneumonia in neonatal pigs and is caused by prrs virus (prrsv). glycoprotein 5 (gp5) from prrsv is a key inducer of neutralizing antibodies. flagellin, a toll-like receptor 5 (tlr-5) agonist, is an effective inducer of innate immune responses. this study presents a novel prrsv vaccine candidate based on the adjuvant effect of salmonella typhimurium fljb fused with prrsv gp5. | 2015 | 26001608 |
| characterization and utility of phages bearing peptides with affinity to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nsp7 protein. | high-affinity peptides to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) nonstructural protein (nsp) 7 were identified using phage-display technology. five 12-amino-acid peptide sequences were identified after six rounds of biopanning. a putative cd##wc motif was found in two different consensus peptides borne by phages 4 and 5. the peptides borne by phages 4, 5, and 6 were synthesized for subsequent experiments, according to the results of the binding assays. immunofluorescence ass ... | 2015 | 25944706 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) topology and selective isoform integration in artificial membranes. | the membrane insertion and topology of nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) strain vr-2332 was assessed using a cell free translation system in the presence or absence of artificial membranes. expression of prrsv nsp2 in the absence of all other viral factors resulted in the genesis of both full-length nsp2 as well as a select number of c-terminal nsp2 isoforms. addition of membranes to the translation stabilized the translation reaction, ... | 2015 | 25768891 |
| prrsv-infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells express high levels of sla-dr and cd80/86 but do not stimulate prrsv-naïve regulatory t cells to proliferate. | in vitro generated monocyte-derived dendritic cells (modcs) have frequently been used to study the influence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection on antigen presenting cells. however, obtained results have often been conflicting in regard to expression of co-stimulatory molecules and interaction with t cells. in this study we performed a detailed phenotypic characterisation of prrsv-infected modcs and non-infected modcs. for cd163 and cd169, which are involved ... | 2015 | 25990845 |
| comparative respiratory pathogenicity and dynamic tissue distribution of chinese highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and its attenuated strain in piglets. | the outbreak of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (hp-prrs) in 2006 devastated the chinese swine industry. hp-prrs virus is still the predominant strain in mainland china, rather than the classical prrsv strain, and the attenuated live vaccine remains the preferred choice for protecting piglets against hp-prrsv infection. to fully evaluate the safety of strain gdr180, the 180th attenuated virus of the hp-prrsv strain gd, we used clinicopathological, microscopical, u ... | 2015 | 25980840 |
| inactivated and subunit vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: current status and future direction. | within a few years of its emergence in the late 1980s, the prrs virus had spread globally to become the foremost infectious disease concern for the pork industry. since 1994, modified live-attenuated vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv-mlv) have been widely used, but have failed to provide complete protection against emerging and heterologous field strains of the virus. moreover, like many other mlvs, prrsv-mlvs have safety concerns including vertical and ... | 2015 | 25980425 |
| novel nsp2 deletion based on molecular epidemiology and evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in shandong province from 2013 to 2014. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is an economically important swine disease affecting swine worldwide. in this study, a total of 385 samples were collected from shandong pig farms during 2013 and 2014, when pigs were not inoculated with any vaccine. results indicated that, out of 385 samples, 47 (12.21%) were prrsv-rna-positive. the gene sequence analysis of 12 orf5, 12 orf7, and 8 nsp2 of these samples was used to determine the molecular epidemiology of prrsv in different pa ... | 2015 | 25958135 |
| efficacy of a combined inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine using north american and european strains in specific pathogen free pigs. | in korea, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is caused by european (type 1) and north american (type 2) strains of prrs virus (prrsv). in the present study, the efficacy of a multi-strain prrsv vaccine inactivated with binary ethylenimine (bei) was evaluated in pigs. the vaccine contained one type 1 strain (gceu0907) and two type 2 strains (gc4019 and gc6262). three vaccinated groups (four pigs per group) and three mock vaccinated groups (four pigs per group) were challenged wi ... | 2015 | 25920759 |
| prrs virus receptors and their role for pathogenesis. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is endemic in most pig producing countries worldwide and causes enormous economic losses to the swine industry. specifically differentiated porcine alveolar macrophages are the primary target for prrsv infection in pigs. at least six cellular molecules have been described so far as putative receptors for prrsv, and they include heparan sulfate, vimentin, cd151, sialoadhesin (cd169; siglec-1), dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesi ... | 2015 | 25912022 |
| the amino acid residues at 102 and 104 in gp5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus regulate viral neutralization susceptibility to the porcine serum neutralizing antibody. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is mainly responsible for the heavy economic losses in pig industry in the world. a number of neutralizing epitopes have been identified in the viral structural proteins gp3, gp4, gp5 and m. in this study, the important amino acid (aa) residues of hp-prrsv strain bb affecting neutralization susceptibility of antibody were examined using resistant strains generated under neutralizing antibody (nab) pressure in marc-145 cells, reverse gen ... | 2015 | 25907991 |
| effects of ribavirin on the replication and genetic stability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | although modified live virus (mlv) vaccines are commonly used for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) control, there have been safety concerns due to the quick reversion of mlv to virulence during replication in pigs. previous studies have demonstrated that mutant viruses emerged from lethal mutagenesis driven by antiviral mutagens and that those viruses had higher genetic stability compared to their parental strains because they acquired resistance to random mutation. th ... | 2015 | 25890207 |
| evaluation of the specificity of a commercial elisa for detection of antibodies against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus in individual oral fluid of pigs collected in two different ways. | the monitoring of infectious diseases like the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) using pen-wise oral fluid samples becomes more and more established. the collection of individual oral fluid, which would be useful in the monitoring of prrsv negative boar studs, is rather difficult. the aim of the study was to test two methods for individual oral fluid collection from pigs and to evaluate the specificity of a commercial elisa for detection of prrsv antibodies in these sample mat ... | 2015 | 25890153 |
| an sh3 binding motif within the nucleocapsid protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus interacts with the host cellular signaling proteins stami, txk, fyn, hck, and cortactin. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) causes an economically important global swine disease, and has a complicated virus-host immunomodulation that often leads to a weak th2 immune response and viral persistence. in this study, we identified a src homology 3 (sh3) binding motif, pxxpxxp, that is conserved within the n protein of prrsv strains. subsequently, we identified five host cellular proteins [signal transducing adaptor molecule (stam)i, txk tyrosine kinase (txk), pro ... | 2015 | 25882913 |
| adsorption of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus dna vaccine candidate onto biodegradable nanoparticles improves immunogenicity in mice. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is an economically devastating viral disease of pigs. safer and more effective vaccines are urgently needed. in this study, a synthetic orf5 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) was adsorbed onto poly(d, l-lactide-co-glycolide)/polyethylenimine (plga/pei) nanoparticles. we prepared a plga-nanoparticle-adsorbed prrsv dna vaccine and a pei-dna complex. the results showed that these model vaccines could significantl ... | 2015 | 25877819 |
| the first detection of prrsv in wild boars in slovakia. | prrsv was confirmed by a nested rt-pcr in two out of 129 samples originating from wild boars from eastern slovakia. virus isolates were genetically typed in orf7 as prrsv-1, eu-1 with 99.7% (sample 14wb) and 100% (sample 10wb) nucleotide sequence similarity to lelystad reference strain and porcilis prrs vaccine strain, respectively. the origin of prrsv in these wild boars is unclear but it is highly likely that virus was transmitted from vaccinated domestic pigs to wild boars. | 2015 | 25876282 |
| comparison of the pathogenesis of single or dual infections with type 1 and type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the aim of this study was to compare the pathogenicity of single or dual infections with type 1 and type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in pigs. pigs were inoculated intranasally with type 1 or type 2 prrsv or both viruses together. pigs infected with type 1 and type 2 prrsv together had significantly (p <0.05) fewer genomic copies of type 1 prrsv than did pigs infected with type 1 prrsv alone. pigs infected with type 2 prrsv alone or type 1 and type 2 prrsv togeth ... | 2015 | 25869916 |
| prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection in aborted fetuses, mummified fetuses and stillborn piglets using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. | the objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus detection in aborted fetuses (n=32), mummified fetuses (n=30) and stillborn piglets (n=27) from 10 swine herds in thailand using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr). pooled organs and umbilical cord from each fetus/piglet were homogenized and subjected to rna extraction and cdna synthesis. the qpcr was carried out on the orf7 of the prrs viral genome using ... | 2015 | 25866409 |
| difference in microrna expression and editing profile of lung tissues from different pig breeds related to immune responses to hp-prrsv. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) is one of the most devastating diseases for the pig industry. our goal was to identify micrornas involved in the host immune response to prrs. we generated microrna expression profiles of lung tissues from tongcheng or landrace pigs infected with a highly pathogenic prrs virus (prrsv) at 3, 5, 7 dpi (day post infection) and control individuals from these two breeds. our data showed that 278 known and 294 novel micrornas were expressed in these ... | 2015 | 25856272 |
| comparison of two commercial type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) modified live vaccines against heterologous type 1 and type 2 prrsv challenge in growing pigs. | the objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy of two commercial type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) modified live vaccines against heterologous type 1 and type 2 prrsv challenge in growing pigs. vaccination with a type 1 prrsv vaccine reduced the level of viremia after type 1 prrsv challenge but did not reduce the level of viremia after the type 2 prrsv challenge in pigs. increased levels of interleukin-10 (il-10) stimulated by type 2 prrsv coincid ... | 2015 | 25855554 |
| enhanced detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in fixed tissues by in situ hybridization following tyramide signal amplification. | this study evaluated the sensitivity of biotinyl-tyramide-based in situ hybridization (tish) method by comparison with chromogenic in situ hybridization (cish) and immunohistochemical staining (ihc) methods. this study also determined the effect of fixative and fixation time on the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) in paraffin-embedded tissues. lung samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (pfa) or 10% neutral buffered formalin (nbf) for various times befo ... | 2015 | 25855364 |
| characterization of two novel porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates with deletions in the gp2 gene. | two newly emerged, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) strains (henan-a10 and a11) were isolated from the sera of aborting sows. interestingly, both of the isolates could replicate in primary porcine alveolar macrophage (pam) cells but not in marc-145 cells. a phylogenetic tree based on the complete genome was constructed and the results showed that henan-a10 and a11 were most closely related to other highly pathogenic prrsv (hp-prrsv) strains. however, genomic sequence a ... | 2015 | 25669596 |
| prrsv receptors and their roles in virus infection. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) has a restricted cell tropism and prefers to invade well-differentiated cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, such as pulmonary alveolar macrophages and african green monkey kidney cell line ma-104 and its derivatives, such as marc-145, vero and cl-2621. prrsv infection of the host cells actually is a receptor-mediated endocytosis and replication process. the presence and absence of the cellular receptors decide whether the cell lin ... | 2015 | 25666932 |
| functional analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus n-glycans in infection of permissive cells. | the role of envelope protein-linked n-glycans in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection of permissive cells was examined. n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) and n-acetyllactosamine (lacnac) oligomer-specific lectins bound to prrsv and blocked virus attachment, resulting in reduced viral infection. however, addition of glcnac oligomers and lacnac to cell culture together with prrsv did not block infection. removal or alteration of envelope protein-linked n-glycans also di ... | 2015 | 25662311 |