Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| the vhs1 mutant form of herpes simplex virus virion host shutoff protein retains significant internal ribosome entry site-directed rna cleavage activity. | the virion host shutoff (vhs) protein of herpes simplex virus (hsv) triggers global shutoff of host protein synthesis and accelerated turnover of host and viral mrnas during hsv infection. as well, it induces endoribonucleolytic cleavage of rna substrates when produced in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate (rrl) in vitro translation system. the vhs1 point mutation (thr 214-->ile) eliminates vhs function during virus infection and in transiently transfected mammalian cells and was therefore previously ... | 2001 | 11134323 |
| antiviral response in cells containing stat1 with heterologous transactivation domains. | the stats (signal transducers and activators of transcription), latent cytoplasmic transcription factors, are activated by binding of extracellular polypeptides to cell surface receptors. dimerization, accumulation in the nucleus, and transcriptional inductions of specific genes then occur. the cooh terminus of the stats acts as a transcriptional activation domain (tad). stat1, one of seven mammalian stat genes, forms a homodimer after activation by gamma interferon and induces transcription of ... | 2001 | 11222685 |
| the novel picornavirus equine rhinitis b virus contains a strong type ii internal ribosomal entry site which functions similarly to that of encephalomyocarditis virus. | equine rhinitis b virus (erbv) has recently been classified as an erbovirus, a new genus in the picornaviridae family. erbv is distantly related to members of the cardiovirus and aphthovirus genera which utilize a type ii internal ribosome entry sequence (ires) to initiate translation. we show that erbv also possesses the core stem-loop structures (h-l) of a type ii ires. the function of the erbv ires was characterized using bicistronic plasmids that were analysed both by transfection into bhk-2 ... | 2001 | 11514737 |
| eukaryotic initiation factor 4g-poly(a) binding protein interaction is required for poly(a) tail-mediated stimulation of picornavirus internal ribosome entry segment-driven translation but not for x-mediated stimulation of hepatitis c virus translation. | efficient translation of most eukaryotic mrnas results from synergistic cooperation between the 5' m(7)gpppn cap and the 3' poly(a) tail. in contrast to such mrnas, the polyadenylated genomic rnas of picornaviruses are not capped, and translation is initiated internally, driven by an extensive sequence termed ires (for internal ribosome entry segment). here we have used our recently described poly(a)-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell-free translation system to study the role of mrna poly ... | 2001 | 11390639 |
| therapeutic effects of fty720, a new immunosuppressive agent, in a murine model of acute viral myocarditis. | this study examines the efficacy of fty720 (fty), a new immunosuppressor, in the treatment of acute viral myocarditis in a murine model. | 2001 | 11345389 |
| vitamin b12 and hepatitis c: molecular biology and human pathology. | cobalamins are stored in high concentrations in the human liver and thus are available to participate in the regulation of hepatotropic virus functions. we show that cyanocobalamin (vitamin b12) inhibited the hcv internal ribosome entry site (ires)-dependent translation of a reporter gene in vitro in a dose-dependent manner without significantly affecting the cap-dependent mechanism. vitamin b12 failed to inhibit translation by ires elements from encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) or classical sw ... | 2001 | 11296247 |
| requirements for assembly of poliovirus replication complexes and negative-strand rna synthesis. | hela cells were transfected with several plasmids that encoded all poliovirus (pv) nonstructural proteins. viral rnas were transcribed by t7 rna polymerase expressed from recombinant vaccinia virus. all plasmids produced similar amounts of viral proteins that were processed identically; however, rnas were designed either to serve as templates for replication or to contain mutations predicted to prevent rna replication. the mutations included substitution of the entire pv 5' noncoding region (ncr ... | 2001 | 11264373 |
| antiviral activity of the products of cyclization of dimethyl 2-[(1-arylamino-1-arylmethylidene)hydrazono]succinate. | in this research, conditions of cyclization of dimethyl 2-[(1-arylamino-1-arylmethylidene)hydrazono]succinate 1-5 leading to the formation of 3,4-diaryl-5-carboxymethyl-1,2,4-triazole 6-10 and methyl 2-(5-oxo-3,4-diaryl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazine-6-ylidene)acetates 11-15 and the biological activity of some of them have been examined. their chemical structures were confirmed by ir, 1h-nmr, ei-ms and elemental analysis. substances 8 and 13 exhibited moderate virucidal activity and partially ... | 2001 | 11231053 |
| tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) plays a protective role in acute viralmyocarditis in mice: a study using mice lacking tnf-alpha. | it has been reported that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) is expressed in the heart with viral myocarditis and that its expression aggravates the condition. the pathophysiological effects of tnf-alpha on viral myocarditis, however, have not been fully elucidated. | 2001 | 11156888 |
| enhanced production of macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (mip-2) by in vitro and in vivo infections with encephalomyocarditis virus and modulation of myocarditis with an antibody against mip-2. | interleukin-8 (il-8) is a chemotactic cytokine for neutrophils and lymphocytes. macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (mip-2) is a murine counterpart of il-8. the present study was performed to determine whether mip-2 aggravates murine myocarditis. we examined (i) the mip-2-producing activity of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus-infected cultured macrophages, (ii) serial plasma mip-2 levels in emc virus-induced mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and (iii) the effects of antimouse mip-2 monocl ... | 2001 | 11152502 |
| antileishmanial activity of hydrolyzable tannins and their modulatory effects on nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor-alpha release in macrophages in vitro. | a series of 27 hydrolyzable tannins and related compounds was tested for antiparasitic effects against both extracellular promastigote and intracellular amastigote leishmania donovani organisms. in parallel, the compounds were evaluated for their immunomodulatory effects on macrophage functions, including release of nitric oxide (no), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) and interferon (ifn)-like properties using several functional assays. of the series of polyphenols tested, only gallic aci ... | 2001 | 11745019 |
| leader protein of encephalomyocarditis virus binds zinc, is phosphorylated during viral infection, and affects the efficiency of genome translation. | encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) is the prototype member of the cardiovirus genus of picornaviruses. for cardioviruses and the related aphthoviruses, the first protein segment translated from the plus-strand rna genome is the leader protein. the aphthovirus leader (173-201 amino acids) is an autocatalytic papain-like protease that cleaves translation factor eif-4g to shut off cap-dependent host protein synthesis during infection. the less characterized cardioviral leader is a shorter protein (6 ... | 2001 | 11883190 |
| cytokine gene therapy for myocarditis by in vivo electroporation. | cytokines are important pathophysiologic and pathogenic factors in cardiovascular disorders, including viral myocarditis. we attempted to treat viral myocarditis with cytokine gene therapy by transferring an inhibitory cytokine, il-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra) or viral il-10 (vil-10), by in vivo electroporation, a new method for gene transfer into muscle. four-week-old male dba/2 mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10 pfu of encephalomyocarditis virus. immediately after virus inoculati ... | 2001 | 11440622 |
| selective expression of nonsecreted interferon by an adenoviral vector confers antiproliferative and antiviral properties and causes reduction of tumor growth in nude mice. | replication-deficient adenoviruses expressing human interferon-alpha2b (huifn-alpha2b) or the hybrid ifn-alpha2alpha1 or those with the secretory signal deleted, whose express is driven by the alpha-fetoprotein (afp) promoter, were constructed and characterized. synthesis of ifn protein and secretion or intracellular retention were tested by western blotting and immunoassay. expression of ifn by the recombinant adenoviruses was restricted to cells that constitutively express afp. in these cells, ... | 2001 | 11440637 |
| virus-induced autoimmunity: epitope spreading to myelin autoepitopes in theiler's virus infection of the central nervous system. | epidemiological studies indicate that host immunogenetics and history of infection, particularly by viruses, may be a necessary cofactor for the induction of a variety of autoimmune diseases. to date, however, there is no clear-cut evidence, either in experimental animal models or in human autoimmune disease, that supports either molecular mimicry (wucherpfennig and strominger, 1995; fujinami and oldstone, 1985) or a role for superantigens (scherer et al., 1993) in the initiation of t cell-media ... | 2001 | 11450300 |
| interleukin-6 and viral myocarditis: the yin-yang of cardiac innate immune responses. | 2001 | 11549335 | |
| porcine encephalomyocarditis virus persists in pig myocardium and infects human myocardial cells. | recent advances toward using pig tissues in human transplantation have made it necessary to determine the risk of transmitting zoonotic viruses from pigs to humans or vice versa. we investigated the suitability of the porcine encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) model for such studies by determining its ability to persist in pigs, escape detection by routine serological methods, and infect human cells. intraperitoneal inoculation of 5-week-old pigs with emcv-30, a strain isolated from commercial pi ... | 2001 | 11689644 |
| overexpression of interleukin-6 aggravates viral myocarditis: impaired increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | the process of inflammation and immune response is regulated by proinflammatory cytokines. interleukin-6 (il-6), one of the proinflammatory cytokines, plays a potentially critical role in viral-induced myocarditis. our previous work demonstrates that exogenous il-6 administration, given at the time of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) inoculation in c3h/hej mice, has a protective effect on myocardium and improves survival rates. in the present study, we examined whether overexpression of il-6 mo ... | 2001 | 11549342 |
| expression of hepatitis c virus ns5a natural mutants in a hepatocytic cell line inhibits the antiviral effect of interferon in a pkr-independent manner. | the impact of hepatitis c virus ns5a protein mutations on interferon alfa (ifn-alpha) signaling pathway, cell proliferation, and viability is an important issue that is still under debate. we have therefore combined transient and stable expression in a human hepatocytic cell line (huh7) of 3 full-length ns5a sequences, isolated from patients with or without response to ifn-alpha therapy. expression of all 3 ns5a-reduced ifn-alpha global antiviral activity on both vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) ... | 2001 | 11391540 |
| antiviral response by natural killer cells through trail gene induction by ifn-alpha/beta. | natural killer (nk) cells play an important role in early defense against viral infection. the cytotoxic activity of nk cells is increased by interferon-alpha/beta (ifn-alpha/beta), produced en masse in virally infected cells. however, the mechanism(s) by which ifn-alpha/beta contribute to the nk-cell-mediated antiviral response is not well understood. here we provide evidence that the cytotoxicity of nk cells is enhanced by ifn-alpha/beta through induction of tnf-related apoptosis-inducing liga ... | 2001 | 11745330 |
| virus-inhibitory effect of a yeast rna-tilorone molecular complex in cell cultures. | the virus-inhibitory activity of a molecular complex (mc) of tilorone and yeast rna was studied in vitro on three virus-cell systems: vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) - murine fibroblast l929 cells, venezuelan equine encephalittis virus (veev) - swine embryo kidney (sek) cells and encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) - established piglet testicular (ept) cells. in all these systems the mc exerted an antiviral effect similar to that of polynucleotide interferon (ifn) inducers such as poly(i)-poly(c) ... | 2001 | 11774897 |
| [internal ribosomal entry site-mediated expression of human multidrug resistance 1 gene in human cd34(+) cells] | in order to reach the purpose of co-transferring double drug resistance genes into human cd34(+) progenitor cells to broaden the spectrum of drug resistance, the expression efficiency of human multidrug resistance 1 (mdr1) gene mediated by the internal ribosomal entry site (ires) was investigated. two retroviral vectors were transferred into packaging cells. one is psf-dim containing double drug resistance genes, in which the translation of mdr1 gene was controlled under an ires from encephalomy ... | 2001 | 12578572 |
| increased cardiac weight in interleukin-6 transgenic mice with viral infection accompanies impaired expression of natriuretic peptide genes. | atrial natriuretic peptide (anp) and b-type natriuretic peptide (bnp) regulate cardiac hypertrophy. we investigated ventricular alterations of anp and bnp in interleukin-6 (il-6) transgenic mice (tg) and wild type (wt) mice with or without viral infection. the anp and bnp mrna/gapdh mrna ratios in the ventricles of il-6 tg mice were twice that of wt mice, but were not increased significantly by viral inoculation. in wt mice, both anp and bnp responses were significantly increased in the ventricl ... | 2001 | 12889519 |
| carboxyalkylated histidine is a ph-dependent product of pegylation with sc-peg. | pegylation of therapeutic protein usually results in a mixture of monopegylated proteins with differing sites of modification. with rh-interferon-alpha2a pegylation, we have found that this heterogeneity includes two classes of pegylation site chemistry, the relative proportions of which can be adjusted by reaction ph. | 2001 | 11683252 |
| reduction of viral myocarditis in mice lacking perforin. | cellular immunity plays an important role and contributes to morbidity and mortality in the development of cardiomyopathy secondary to acute myocarditis. lymphocytotoxicity has been proposed as due to infiltrated cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls). perforin is thought to be a major factor responsible for the cytolytic properties of the ctls. to investigate whether mice lacking perforin have enhanced severity of viral myocarditis and acceleration of myocardial apoptosis, perforin knockout (ko) mice w ... | 2001 | 12760490 |
| oromucosal interferon therapy: relationship between antiviral activity and viral load. | intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 20,000 iu recombinant murine ifn-alpha (rmuifn-alpha) was highly effective in protecting mice challenged i.p. with doses of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) ranging from 44 to 440 ld(50) (p<0.001). oromucosal (o.m.) ifn therapy was also found to be effective in protecting mice challenged with a lethal dose of emcv. thus, 40% of animals infected with 44 ld(50) of emcv and treated o.m. with 20,000 iu rmuifn-alpha survived infection with a mean survival tim ... | 2001 | 11559435 |
| measurement of antiviral activity induced by interferons alpha, beta, and gamma. | the basic protocol in this unit describes an assay for murine ifn-induced antiviral activity and employs vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and ifn-sensitive fibroblasts. support protocol describes the preparation of vsv cultures and the calculation of multiplicity of infection (moi; i.e., concentration of viral particles required to infect cells). support protocol describes the antibody neutralization assay, which can be used to identify the bioactive species of ifn in a sample, or to test the po ... | 2001 | 18432822 |
| nucleotide sequence and construction of an infectious cdna clone of an emcv strain isolated from aborted swine fetus. | a full-length cdna clone of an encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) strain (2887a) isolated from aborted swine fetus was constructed and sequenced. sequence comparison showed more than 99% nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity with two other emcv strains, emcv-pv21 and -r. however, the 2887a genomic sequence showed only about 84% nucleotide identity and 96% amino acid identity with emcv-b, -d and -pv2 variants. rna synthesized by in vitro transcription of this cdna clone was infectious upon t ... | 2002 | 11864742 |
| embryonic stem cells attenuate viral myocarditis in murine model. | we used mice to test our hypothesis that in response to viral invasion, stem cells may migrate into the heart and attenuate the effect of viral myocarditis. male balb/c mice were divided into three groups: mouse embryonic stem (es) cell control, encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), and emcv + es cells. after administration of es cells via tail vein, mice were immediately inoculated with emcv. mice were sacrificed at different days after emcv inoculation. mortality was recorded. inflammatory cell i ... | 2002 | 12588107 |
| a new assay system for guinea pig interferon biological activity. | we have developed an assay system for guinea pig interferon (ifn) based on reduction of viral cytopathic effect (cpe) in various cell lines. cpe inhibition was detected optimally in the guinea pig fibroblast cell line 104c1 infected with encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). the amount of biologically active guinea pig ifn was quantified by estimating viable cell numbers colorimetrically by means of a tetrazolium compound, 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2h-tetrazolium mono ... | 2002 | 12184917 |
| the antiviral response to gamma interferon. | a role for alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) in the ifn-gamma antiviral response has long been suggested. accordingly, possible roles for autocrine or double-stranded-rna (dsrna)-induced ifn-alpha/beta in the ifn-gamma response were investigated. use was made of wild-type and a variety of mutant human fibrosarcoma cell lines, including mutant u5a cells, which lack a functional ifn-alpha/beta receptor and hence an ifn-alpha/beta response. ifn-gamma did not induce detectable levels of ifn-alp ... | 2002 | 12186889 |
| gene transfer of fc-fusion cytokine by in vivo electroporation: application to gene therapy for viral myocarditis. | among a number of techniques for gene transfer in vivo, the direct injection of plasmid dna into muscle is simple, inexpensive and safe. although combining direct dna injection with in vivo electroporation increases the efficiency of gene transfer into muscle, applications of this method have remained limited because of the relatively low expression level. to overcome this problem, we developed a plasmid vector that expresses a secretory protein as a fusion protein with the noncytolytic immunogl ... | 2002 | 11973633 |
| establishment and application of bicistronic classical swine fever virus genomes for foreign gene expression and complementation of e2 deletion mutants. | bicistronic genomes of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain alfort/187 (a187) were established by insertion of a second cistron consisting of an internal ribosome entry site of the encephalomyocarditis virus and a coding sequence in the 3' untranslated region of the genome. introduction of the selectable marker gene for neomycin phosphotransferase into the second cistron of the csfv replicon a187 delta e2-cat allowed the establishment of porcine sk-6 cell lines constitutively expressing ... | 2002 | 12034484 |
| oral administration of l-arginine prevents congestive heart failure in murine viral myocarditis. | it was previously demonstrated that administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor ng-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name) aggravated viral myocarditis in mice. in the current study, the effects of l-arginine, a precursor of nitric oxide, on congestive heart failure (chf) in myocarditis were evaluated. dietary l-arginine and l-arginine plus l-name (l-arginine + l-name group) were administered to encephalomyocarditis virus-infected balb/c mice over 4 weeks (experiment i) and to encephalo ... | 2002 | 12072571 |
| high translation efficiency is mediated by the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry sites if the natural sequence surrounding the eleventh aug is retained. | internal ribosomal entry sites (ires) allow cap-independent translation and are sequences that are often used in gene therapy for strategies in which several genes need to be expressed. in this study, two different sequences of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) ires were compared for their translation efficiency in the context of retroviral vectors. when the sequence surrounding the 11th aug of the ires was conserved (iresg), the translation efficiency was significantly higher than if the aug of ... | 2002 | 11975853 |
| noninvasive, repetitive, quantitative measurement of gene expression from a bicistronic message by positron emission tomography, following gene transfer with adenovirus. | gene therapy protocols are hampered by the inability to monitor the location, magnitude, and duration of ectopic gene expression following dna delivery. consequently, it is difficult to establish quantitative correlations and/or causal relationships between therapeutic gene expression and phenotypic responses in treated individuals. one approach to monitor "therapeutic gene" expression indirectly is to incorporate reporter genes that can be imaged in vivo into bicistronic transcription units, al ... | 2002 | 12095306 |
| [expression of d-amino acid oxidase gene and green fluorescence protein gene transferred into k562e cells by retroviral vector containing internal ribosome entry site sequence]. | the internal ribosome entry site (ires) sequence was derived from encephalomyocarditis virus. it allows to translate two open reading frames at one mrna, so two genes conjoined by ires have the same expression rate. k(dfgc) and k(dfgd) cell lines, stably expressing d-amino acid oxidase (daao) gene and green fluorescence protein (gfp) genes, were obtained by transfection of k562e cells with retroviral vector pldfg containing ires sequence, daao cdna and gfp gene. fluorescence positive rate and fl ... | 2002 | 12513787 |
| transmission of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) among pigs experimentally quantified. | two types of transmission experiments were performed to estimate the basic reproduction ratio r(0), indicating the level of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) transmission among pigs. in a first experimental set-up with nine separate pairs, one randomly chosen piglet per pair was inoculated with a belgian (myocardial) emcv strain (b279/95, 10(3)tcid(50)/ml oronasally) and placed back into the pen. in the second experiment with two separate groups of five piglets, two piglets in each group were in ... | 2002 | 12220806 |
| single-step, multiple retroviral transduction of human t cells. | retroviral transduction of human peripheral blood t cells has considerable potential in the development of gene therapy strategies for immunological disorders. new vectors and experimental procedures have been developed for efficient transduction of several genes into human t cells. | 2002 | 11828385 |
| interferons specifically suppress the translation from the internal ribosome entry site of hepatitis c virus through a double-stranded rna-activated protein kinase-independent pathway. | interferon (ifn) therapy is used worldwide as the best available treatment for hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection; however, little is known about how ifn or other drugs work against liver diseases. the effect of 6 drugs (glycyrrhizin, ursodeoxycholic acid, ribavirin, methylprednisolone, ifn-alpha, and ifn-beta) on hcv rna translation from the hcv internal ribosome entry site (ires) was investigated, using a bicistronic reporter containing the hcv ires. ifns suppressed both cap-dependent and hcv i ... | 2002 | 12134250 |
| the band iii ligand dipyridamole protects human rbcs during photodynamic treatment while extracellular virus inactivation is not affected. | recently, the potential usefulness of dipyridamole (dip) in protecting rbcs against the harmful side effects of photodynamic sterilization was demonstrated. in the present study, the use of dip for selective protection of rbcs was investigated under conditions more relevant for blood bank practice. | 2002 | 12147025 |
| continuous heat shock enhances translational initiation directed by internal ribosomal entry site. | many cellular mrnas contain internal ribosomal entry sites (ires) that become functional under conditions of cellular stress, when the rate of protein synthesis for most cellular mrna is reduced. internal ribosomal entry increases in response to hypoxia, cell differentiation, apoptosis, gamma irradiation, and heat shock. heat shock is the principal cellular stress in which general cap-dependent translation is inhibited. on the other hand, heat shock induces the preferential translation of a smal ... | 2002 | 12237106 |
| incorporation of an additional viral-clearance step into a human immunoglobulin manufacturing process. | regulatory agencies have mandated that manufacturers of immunoglobulin products incorporate robust viral inactivation or removal steps into their purification processes. we evaluated the effectiveness of incorporating nanofiltration, a generic virus-clearance step, into an existing plasma-fractionation process for a human anti-d immunoglobulin product. | 2002 | 12366764 |
| pkr-dependent mechanisms of gene expression from a subgenomic hepatitis c virus clone. | studies on hepatitis c virus (hcv) replication have been greatly advanced by the development of cell culture models for hcv known as replicon systems. the prototype replicon consists of a subgenomic hcv rna in which the hcv structural region is replaced by the neomycin phosphotransferase ii (nptii) gene, and translation of the hcv proteins ns3 to ns5 is directed by the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) internal ribosome entry site (ires). the interferon (ifn)-inducible protein kinase pkr plays a ... | 2002 | 12368306 |
| differential requirements for copi coats in formation of replication complexes among three genera of picornaviridae. | picornavirus rna replication requires the formation of replication complexes (rcs) consisting of virus-induced vesicles associated with viral nonstructural proteins and rna. brefeldin a (bfa) has been shown to strongly inhibit rna replication of poliovirus but not of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). here, we demonstrate that the replication of parechovirus 1 (parv1) is partly resistant to bfa, whereas echovirus 11 (ev11) replication is strongly inhibited. since bfa inhibits copi-dependent step ... | 2002 | 12368353 |
| impact of coexpression and coamplification of sicam and antiapoptosis determinants bcl-2/bcl-x(l) on productivity, cell survival, and mitochondria number in cho-dg44 grown in suspension and serum-free media. | we have engineered dihydrofolate reductase-negative (dhfr-/-) chinese hamster ovary (cho) dg44 cells adapted for growth in serum-free suspension cultures for simultaneous expression of the common cold therapeutic, the soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sicam), and the antiapoptosis determinants bcl-2 or bcl-x(l). detailed analyses of titer and antiapoptosis characteristics of these production cell lines included an independent (sicam; bcl-2/bcl-x(l)) as well as a cocistronic (sicam-(bcl- ... | 2002 | 12378612 |
| left ventricular pressure-volume relationship in a murine model of congestive heart failure due to acute viral myocarditis. | this study, performed in a murine model of encephalomyocarditis virus myocarditis, used a new millar 1.4f conductance-micromanometer system for the in vivo determination of the left ventricular (lv) pressure-volume relationship (pvr). | 2002 | 12392843 |
| viral pharmacovigilance study of haemophiliacs receiving porcine factor viii. | porcine factor viii (fviii; hyate:c; speywood biopharm ltd, uk) has been used since 1980 for the treatment both of patients with acquired haemophilia and those with congenital haemophilia and inhibitory antibodies. each batch is extensively screened using cell-culture techniques to confirm the absence of viruses. the production process does not incorporate specific virucidal treatment steps, such as heat treatment or the addition of a solvent/detergent mixture. low levels of porcine parvovirus w ... | 2002 | 12410650 |
| woodchuck gamma interferon upregulates major histocompatibility complex class i transcription but is unable to deplete woodchuck hepatitis virus replication intermediates and rnas in persistently infected woodchuck primary hepatocytes. | gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) is an important mediator with multiple functions in the host defense against viral infection. ifn-gamma, in concert with tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), leads to a remarkable reduction of intrahepatic replication intermediates and specific mrnas of hepatitis b virus (hbv) by a noncytolytic mechanism in the transgenic mouse model. thus, it is rational to evaluate the potential value of ifn-gamma for the treatment of chronic hbv infection. in the present study ... | 2002 | 11739671 |
| encephalomyocarditis and mengo viruses productively infect murine t-lymphocyte cell lines but not fresh ex vivo derived t lymphocytes. | encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and mengo virus are highly virulent murine cardioviruses that are found in abundant quantities in the spleen and lymph nodes after infection. t lymphocytes are pivotal mediators of humoral and cellular immunity against cardioviral challenge, and are highly suspect candidates of emcv and mengo virus infection. we found t lymphocyte-like cell lines ctll-2, el-4, ly1+2/9, and lbrm33 were susceptible to productive viral infection and exhibited cytopathology after in ... | 2002 | 11952137 |
| cocaine enhances myocarditis induced by encephalomyocarditis virus in murine model. | this study was designed to investigate whether cocaine can exacerbate viral myocarditis and increase its incidence. recent clinical evidence suggests that cocaine abuse increases the incidence of myocarditis. however, it has not been directly demonstrated that cocaine exposure enhances murine myocarditis. balb/c mice were divided into eight groups: saline control, encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), 10 mg/kg cocaine (coc-10), 30 mg/kg cocaine (coc-30), 50 mg/kg cocaine (coc-50), emcv+coc-10, emcv ... | 2002 | 11834492 |
| detection of encephalomyocarditis virus in clinical samples by immunomagnetic separation and one-step rt-pcr. | a method of immunomagnetic separation and one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed for the detection of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). emcv was captured from sample on magnetic beads with homologous monoclonal antibody and then heat denatured. the heated beads were used directly in one-step rt-pcr reaction to amplify a 285-bp pcr fragment at the 3' end of the genomic region that encodes the viral polymerase. this method detected as little as 3.5 tcid(50 ... | 2002 | 11849698 |
| molecular cloning of adir, a novel interferon responsive gene encoding a protein related to the torsins. | the expression of the previously uncharacterized gene adir (for atp dependent interferon responsive gene) was increased by 5- to 15-fold in tissue of the oral cavity or in spleen and liver of mice treated orally or intraperitoneally with ifn-alpha, and in mouse cells treated in vitro with ifn-alpha or ifn-gamma. the level of adir mrna was also increased 20- to 40-fold in the brains of animals infected with encephalomyocarditis virus. adir is expressed ubiquitously in mouse tissues as 1.9-, 2.4-, ... | 2002 | 11863361 |
| vpg unlinkase, the phosphodiesterase that hydrolyzes the bond between vpg and picornavirus rna: a minimal nucleic moiety of the substrate. | vpg unlinkase is an unusual eukaryotic enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond between residues of the unique tyrosine of vpg (viral protein genome-linked) and the 5;-terminal uridylic acid of picornavirus rna. cellular targets of the vpg unlinking enzyme are yet unknown. to determine an essential nucleic part of the covalent linkage unit that is necessary for the vpg unlinkase reaction, the following derivatives of the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) vpg-rna complex were u ... | 2002 | 12126467 |
| novel role for calcium-independent phospholipase a(2) in the macrophage antiviral response of inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression. | the double-stranded (ds) rna-dependent protein kinase (pkr) is a primary regulator of antiviral responses; however, the ability of dsrna to activate nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-kappa b) and dsrna + interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) to stimulate inducible nitric-oxide synthase (inos) expression by macrophages isolated from pkr(-/-) mice suggests that signaling pathways in addition to pkr participate in antiviral activities. we have identified a novel phospholipid-signaling cascade that mediates macroph ... | 2002 | 12167650 |
| hepatitis c virus ires-dependent translation is insensitive to an eif2alpha-independent mechanism of inhibition by interferon in hepatocyte cell lines. | interferon (ifn) in combination with ribavirin is the main treatment for hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. the sensitivity or resistance of the virus to ifn has been linked to certain types of the interferon sensitivity determining region (isdr) and pkr-eif2alpha phosphorylation homology domain (pephd) sequences in the ns5a and e2 regions of the viral genome, respectively. in search of the other potential mechanisms of hcv resistance to ifn, we tested the effect of ifn-alpha on translational ac ... | 2002 | 12083818 |
| rotavirus protein nsp3 shuts off host cell protein synthesis. | a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding rotavirus protein nsp3 driven by an internal ribosome entry site (ires) from the encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus was able to abate protein synthesis in bsc1 cells by 25-fold, with as much as 30% of the remaining protein synthesis being nsp3. hence nsp3 shuts off host cell protein synthesis down to the level seen during rotavirus infection but is unable to prevent translation from emc ires-driven genes. this effect was abolished by deletions in the eif4g-bin ... | 2002 | 12093167 |
| phosphorylation of initiation factor-2 alpha is required for activation of internal translation initiation during cell differentiation. | the long uorf-burdened 5'utrs of many genes encoding regulatory proteins involved in cell growth and differentiation contain internal ribosomal entry site (ires) elements. in a previous study we showed that utilization of the weak ires of platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf2) is activated during megakaryocytic differentiation. the establishment of permissive conditions for ires-mediated translation during differentiation has been confirmed by our demonstration of the enhanced activity of vascul ... | 2002 | 12047392 |
| amiodarone inhibits interleukin 6 production and attenuates myocardial injury induced by viral myocarditis in mice. | a recent study has shown that amiodarone inhibits the production of cytokines in vitro. this study was performed to examine the effects of amiodarone on survival, heart weight-to-body-weight ratio (hw/bw), myocardial lesions and cytokines production in a murine model of viral myocarditis induced by the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). four-week-old male dba/2 mice were inoculated with the emcv. to examine its effect on survival and hw/bw on day 14, mice were administered oral amiodarone (30 mg ... | 2002 | 11991672 |
| a high-efficiency translational control element with potential for cancer gene therapy. | an active internal ribosome entry sequence (ires) that efficiently mediates cap (m7pppgn)-independent translation in human carcinoma cells could be an effective device for gene co-transduction in cancer gene therapy. in this study using the cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter, a remarkable internal translation activity was observed and mediated by the sequence localized to the 183-653 region of 5' nf-kappab repressor mrna (nfr183ires). to test the potential of such sequence for therapeutic applicatio ... | 2002 | 12012009 |
| polypurine (a)-rich sequences promote cross-kingdom conservation of internal ribosome entry. | the internal ribosome entry sites (ires), ires(cp,148)(cr) and ires(mp,75)(cr), precede the coat protein (cp) and movement protein (mp) genes of crucifer-infecting tobamovirus (crtmv), respectively. in the present work, we analyzed the activity of these elements in transgenic plants and other organisms. comparison of the relative activities of the crtmv ires elements and the ires from an animal virus--encephalomyocarditis virus--in plant, yeast, and hela cells identified the 148-nt ires(cp,148)( ... | 2002 | 11959981 |
| expression of a membrane-anchored glycoprotein, the influenza virus hemagglutinin, by dicistronic replicons derived from the poliovirus genome. | mono- and dicistronic poliovirus replicons were constructed to express the influenza virus hemagglutinin, retaining its signal peptide and transmembrane region. picornavirus genomes do not normally encode glycoproteins, and only the dicistronic replicon, in which the foreign and poliovirus sequences were separated by the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry site, replicated and expressed glycosylated hemagglutinin. | 2002 | 11967344 |
| improved co-expression of multiple genes in vectors containing internal ribosome entry sites (ireses) from human genes. | incorporation of an internal ribosome entry site (ires) into the gene therapy vector represents a promising strategy to efficiently co-express several gene products from the same promoter. however, vector systems that utilize the encephalomyocarditis virus ires express the downstream gene much less efficiently than the upstream gene. in this study, we compared four ireses isolated from human genes against the emcv ires, using beta-galactosidase and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase genes as rep ... | 2002 | 11938453 |
| disturbance of tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated beta interferon signaling in cervical carcinoma cells. | in the present study we show that malignant human papillomavirus (hpv)-positive cells lost their ability to synthesize endogenous beta interferon (ifn-beta) upon tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) treatment. ifn-beta transcription, however, was reinducible in nonmalignant hpv-positive cells, which was confirmed in functional protection assays against encephalomyocarditis virus or vesicular stomatitis virus infections. addition of neutralizing antibodies against ifn-beta blocked the antivira ... | 2002 | 11739693 |
| high-level expression of human thyroid-stimulating hormone in chinese hamster ovary cells by co-transfection of dicistronic expression vectors followed by a dual-marker amplification strategy. | the utilization of dicistronic mrna expression vectors, containing the gene of interest upstream of an amplifiable marker gene, has shown success in rapidly, efficiently and reproducibly obtaining stable cell lines that express high levels of the protein of interest. for this reason, human thyroid-stimulating hormone (htsh), a heterodimeric glycoprotein composed of non-covalently linked alpha- and beta-subunits, was expressed in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells using a system based on dicistron ... | 2002 | 11834126 |
| viral internal ribosome entry site structures segregate into two distinct morphologies. | an increasing number of viruses have been shown to initiate protein synthesis by a cap-independent mechanism involving internal ribosome entry sites (iress). predictions of the folding patterns of these rna motifs have been based primarily on sequence and biochemical analyses. biophysical confirmation of the models has been achieved only for the ires of hepatitis c virus (hcv), which adopts an open structure consisting of two major stems. we have conducted an extensive comparison of flavivirus a ... | 2003 | 12743317 |
| detection of trna-like structure through rnase p cleavage of viral internal ribosome entry site rnas near the aug start triplet. | the 9600-base rna genome of hepatitis c virus (hcv) has an internal ribosome entry site (ires) in its first 370 bases, including the aug start triplet at bases 342-344. structural elements of this and other ires domains substitute for a 5' terminal cap structure in protein synthesis. recent work (nadal, a., martell, m., lytle, j. r., lyons, a. j., robertson, h. d., cabot, b., esteban, j. i., esteban, r., guardia, j., and gomez, j. (2002) j. biol. chem. 277, 30606-30613) has demonstrated that the ... | 2003 | 12746454 |
| effect of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase on the replication of encephalomyocarditis virus. | cellular phosphorylation events during viral infection are necessary for effective viral replication. encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus has been used for studies on the molecular mechanisms of viral replication, but little is known about the cellular signaling pathways involved. this investigation was initiated to determine whether mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), which are central components of signal transduction pathways in the regulation of cell proliferation, play a role in the rep ... | 2003 | 12719557 |
| molecular analysis of the capsid coding region of a virulent encephalomyocarditis virus isolate after serial cell passages and assessment of its virulence. | emcv has been recognized as a worldwide-shared pathogen in many host species with natural differences of virulence among strains. differences of virulence were also demonstrated experimentally after serial passages of particular emcv strains in cell culture. in order to evaluate the genetic variability of the ccr of an highly virulent belgian emcv isolate after 210 passages in cell culture, this region has been molecularly characterised by rt-pcr and sequencing. the analyses enlightened the stab ... | 2003 | 12721798 |
| establishment and characterization of two new pig cell lines for use in virological diagnostic laboratories. | two pig cell lines derived from kidney and trachea tissues and referred to as newborn swine kidney (nsk) and newborn pig trachea (nptr) were established following serial culture of primary cells. they were characterized by an epithelial-like morphology, high capacity to replicate and stability of the cell monolayer for several days after seeding. their modal chromosome number was modified in comparison to that of primary swine cells and they both displayed a transforming potential in vitro and d ... | 2003 | 12505635 |
| eukaryotic initiation factors 4g and 4a mediate conformational changes downstream of the initiation codon of the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry site. | initiation of translation of encephalomyocarditis virus mrna is mediated by an internal ribosome entry site (ires) comprising structural domains h, i, j-k, and l immediately upstream of the initiation codon aug at nucleotide 834 (aug834). assembly of 48s ribosomal complexes on the ires requires eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eif2), eif3, eif4a, and the central domain of eif4g to which eif4a binds. footprinting experiments confirmed that eif4g binds a three-way helical junction in the j-k domain ... | 2003 | 12509466 |
| characterization of a novel rna-binding region of eif4gi critical for ribosomal scanning. | the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif4gi binds several proteins and acts as a scaffold to promote preinitiation complex formation on the mrna molecule (48s). following mrna attachment this complex scans along the messenger in a 5' to 3' direction until it locates and recognizes the initiation start codon. by using a combination of retroviral and picornaviral proteases (hiv-2 and l respectively) in the reticulocyte lysate system, we have characterized a 40 amino acid (aa) region of eif ... | 2003 | 12682023 |
| individual differentiation of innate antiviral immunity in humans; the role of endogenous interferons and tumor necrosis factor in the immunity of leukocytes. | the natural antiviral immunity of human lymphocytes, leukocytes from peripheral blood and whole-blood cultures was studied using the method of infection with two viruses belonging to different taxonomic groups, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). the kinetics of virus replication in the kinds of cultures and the dependence of culture infection on pre-infection incubation time were studied. when the cultures were infected immediately after preparation, most of ... | 2003 | 12691304 |
| a new look at viruses in type 1 diabetes. | type 1 diabetes (t1d) results from the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. genetic factors are believed to be a major component for the development of t1d, but the concordance rate for the development of diabetes in identical twins is only about 40%, suggesting that nongenetic factors play an important role in the expression of the disease. viruses are one environmental factor that is implicated in the pathogenesis of t1d. to date, 14 different viruses have been reported to be associated with ... | 2003 | 12592641 |
| unr is required in vivo for efficient initiation of translation from the internal ribosome entry sites of both rhinovirus and poliovirus. | translation of picornavirus rnas is mediated by internal ribosomal entry site (ires) elements and requires both standard eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eifs) and ires-specific cellular trans-acting factors (itafs). unr, a cytoplasmic rna-binding protein that contains five cold-shock domains and is encoded by the gene upstream of n-ras, stimulates translation directed by the human rhinovirus (hrv) ires in vitro. to examine the role of unr in translation of picornavirus rnas in vivo, w ... | 2003 | 12610110 |
| amino acids 1-20 of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein specifically inhibit hcv ires-dependent translation in hepg2 cells, and inhibit both hcv ires- and cap-dependent translation in huh7 and cv-1 cells. | a self-modulating mechanism by the hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein has been suggested to influence the level of hcv replication, but current data on this subject are contradictory. we examined the effect of wild-type and mutated core protein on hcv ires- and cap-dependent translation. the wild-type core protein was shown to inhibit both ires- and cap-dependent translation in an in vitro system. this effect was duplicated in a dose-dependent manner with a synthetic peptide representing amino ... | 2003 | 12655082 |
| epstein-barr virus u leader exon contains an internal ribosome entry site. | eukaryotic translation can be initiated either by a cap-dependent mechanism or by internal ribosome entry, a process by which ribosomes are directly recruited to structured regions of mrna upstream of the initiation codon. here we report the finding of an internal ribosome entry site (ires) in the untranslated region of the epstein-barr nuclear antigen 1 (ebna1) gene. ebna1 is the only nuclear protein expressed in all known states of epstein-barr virus (ebv) latency and in the virus lytic cycle, ... | 2003 | 12555070 |
| stable expression of antisense rnas targeted to the 5' non-coding region confers heterotypic inhibition to foot-and-mouth disease virus infection. | the antiviral potential of transcripts targeted to the non-coding regions (ncrs) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) rna have been studied during transient and constitutive expression in susceptible bhk-21 cells. transient expression of antisense transcripts corresponding to the 5' and 3'ncrs, alone or in combination, confers specific inhibition of homologous (serotype c) virus infection in bhk-21 cells. constitutive expression of antisense 5'ncr transcripts (5'as) exerted higher levels of in ... | 2003 | 12560572 |
| exogenous porcine viruses. | porcine organs, cells and tissues provide a viable source of transplants in humans, though there is some concern of public health risk from adaptation of swine infectious agents in humans. limited information is available on the public health risk of many exogenous swine viruses, and reliable and rapid diagnostic tests are available for only a few of these. the ability of several porcine viruses to cause transplacental fetal infection (parvoviruses, circoviruses, and arteriviruses), emergence or ... | 2003 | 12934944 |
| [an intensification of antiviral and interferon effects of ridostin (an interferon inducer) by cationic liposomes in vitro and in intranasal administration]. | combined application of ridostine with catonic liposomes was shown to essentially enhance the interferon-inducing and antiviral activity of the former in experiments with cell cultures l-929, which is apparently related with an improved efficiency of intracellular delivery of dsrna. a comparative study demonstrated that ridostine, when combined with liposomes, is needed by 10(3)-10(4) times less as when it is used alone. a pretreatment of the cellular monolayer by cationic liposomes contributes ... | 2003 | 12945208 |
| regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by macrophages in response to double-stranded rna and viral infection. | in this study the regulation of macrophage expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) in response to dsrna and virus infection was examined. treatment of raw 264.7 macrophages with dsrna results in cox-2 mrna accumulation and protein expression and the production of pge(2). similar to dsrna, encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection of raw 264.7 cells stimulates cox-2 expression and pge(2) accumulation. the dsrna-dependent protein kinase (pkr), which has been shown to participate in the regulation ... | 2003 | 12517975 |
| protection of cap-dependent protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro with an eif4g-1 variant highly resistant to cleavage by coxsackievirus 2a protease. | the shutoff of host protein synthesis by certain picornaviruses is mediated, at least in part, by proteolytic cleavage of eif4g-1. previously, we developed a cleavage site variant of eif4g-1, termed eif4g-1(sm), that was 100-fold more resistant to in vitro cleavage by coxsackievirus 2a protease (2a(pro)) than wild-type eif4g-1 (eif4g-1(wt)), but it was still digested at high protease concentrations. here we identified a secondary cleavage site upstream of the primary site. we changed gly at the ... | 2003 | 12475969 |
| conversion of 48s translation preinitiation complexes into 80s initiation complexes as revealed by toeprinting. | a method of analysis of translation initiation complexes by toeprinting has recently acquired a wide application to investigate molecular mechanisms of translation initiation in eukaryotes. so far, this very fruitful approach was used when researchers did not aim to discriminate between patterns of toeprints for 48s and 80s translation initiation complexes. here, using cap-dependent and internal ribosomal entry site (ires)-dependent mrnas, we show that the toeprint patterns for 48s and 80s compl ... | 2003 | 12505166 |
| a potent and specific morpholino antisense inhibitor of hepatitis c translation in mice. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is an rna virus infecting one in every 40 people worldwide. current treatments are ineffective and hcv is the leading cause of liver failure leading to transplantation in the united states and europe. translational control of hcv is a prime therapeutic target. we assessed the inhibitory potential of morpholino phosphoramidate antisense oligonucleotides (morpholinos) on hcv translation by codelivering them with reporter plasmids expressing firefly luciferase under the tran ... | 2003 | 12883495 |
| [seroepidemiological studies of zoonotic infections in hunters in southeastern austria--prevalences, risk factors, and preventive methods]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalences to zoonotic pathogens in hunters, to propose preventive measures and to obtain more information about the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in local wild animal populations. from 146 male and 3 female hunters originating from the south-eastern austrian federal states of styria and burgenland blood samples were taken and anamnestic data were obtained using a questionnaire. the serological investigations included the following viral, bact ... | 2003 | 12894685 |
| cell cycle regulation of hepatitis c and encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. | we have established stably transformed human embryonic kidney cell lines (hek293) containing bicistronic constructs to study regulation of viral internal ribosome entry site (ires)-mediated translation in vivo. these cells produce renilla luciferase (rluc) in a cap-dependent manner, while firefly luciferase (luc) synthesis is mediated by ires elements. using these cell lines, we demonstrate here that ires-mediated translation directed by both hepatitis c (hcv) and encephalomyocarditis (emcv) vir ... | 2003 | 12902037 |
| health status of a population of nutria (myocastor coypus) living in a protected area in italy. | ninety trapped nutria (myocastor coypus) from a protected area of piedmont (italy), including the po river, were examined for the prevalence for lesions in major viscera, selected serum antibodies and enteric bacteria. coccidial lesions in the liver included cholangitis, calcification and necrosis. renal lesions were nonsuppurative interstitial nephritis and a single case of renal adenocarcinoma. the lungs had a 41.1% prevalence of nonsuppurative interstitial pneumonia. ten of 87 sera (11.5%) ha ... | 2003 | 12801459 |
| antiviral activity of n-benzoylphenylisoserinates of lactarius sesquiterpenoid alcohols in vitro. | cytotoxic, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties of a new, originally synthesised group of compounds: the n-benzoylphenylisoserinates of sesquiterpenoid alcohols - derivatives of taxol and various sesquiterpenes of lactarius origin were evaluated in vitro. among 16 compounds tested, 6 decreased hsv-1 titres. selectivity indices ranged from 13.9 to 31.7. no activity against rna viruses (parainfluenza 3, coxsackie b3, vesicular stomatitis virus, and encephalomyocarditis virus), bacter ... | 2003 | 12865976 |
| early onset of virus infection and up-regulation of cytokines in mice treated with cadmium and manganese. | a substantial database indicates that a large number of environmental pollutants, chemicals and therapeutic agents to which organisms are exposed cause immunotoxicity. the suppression of immune functions may cause increased susceptibility of the host to a variety of microbial pathogens potentially resulting in a life-threatening state. evaluation of the immunotoxic potential of chemical xenobiotics is of great concern and, therefore, we have investigated the impact of exposure of inorganic metal ... | 2003 | 12572694 |
| carvedilol increases the production of interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma and improves the survival of mice infected with the encephalomyocarditis virus. | this study was designed to examine the effects of carvedilol in a murine model of viral myocarditis induced by encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection. | 2003 | 12535832 |
| cell-free synthesis of encephalomyocarditis virus. | we developed a system for complete replication of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) in a test tube by using an in vitro translation extract from krebs-2 cells. efficient virus synthesis occurred in a narrow range of mg(2+) and emcv rna concentrations. excess input rna impaired rna replication and virus production but not translation. this suggests the existence of a negative-feedback mechanism for regulation of rna replication by the viral plus-strand rna or proteins. | 2003 | 12743313 |
| the genome-linked protein vpg of the norwalk virus binds eif3, suggesting its role in translation initiation complex recruitment. | the positive-strand rna genomes of caliciviruses are not capped, but are instead covalently linked at their 5' ends to a viral protein called vpg. the lack of a cap structure typical of eukaryotic mrna and absence of an internal ribosomal entry site suggest that vpg may function in translation initiation on calicivirus rna. this hypothesis was tested by analyzing binding of norwalk virus vpg to translation initiation factors. the eif3d subunit of eif3 was identified as a binding partner of vpg b ... | 2003 | 12773399 |
| viral stress-inducible protein p56 inhibits translation by blocking the interaction of eif3 with the ternary complex eif2.gtp.met-trnai. | viral stress-inducible protein p56 is produced in response to viral stress-inducing agents such as double-stranded rna and interferon, as well as other poorly understood mechanisms of viral infection. it has been shown previously that p56 is able to bind the eukaryotic initiation factor 3e(eif3e) (p48/int-6) subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif3 and function as an inhibitor of translation in vitro and in vivo. the exact mechanism by which p56 is able to interfere with prot ... | 2003 | 12885778 |
| studies on interaction between htnf-alpha and its two receptors with expressed hstr55-pres1/hstr75-pres1 fusion soluble receptors. | the gene encoding the n-terminal 2-50 amino acids of hbsag-pres1 was amplified by pcr and fused to the 3'-end of two human soluble tnf receptor genes to form the hstr55-pres1/hstr75-pres1 fusion genes. the recombinant bicistronic expression vectors were further constructed, which contained one of the human soluble tnf receptor fusion genes and the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) internal ribosome entry site (ires), followed by the neomycin phosphotransferases as the selectable marker. bhk-21 c ... | 2003 | 12609545 |
| pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection in piglets during the viraemia phase: a histopathological, immunohistochemical and virological study. | six piglets aged 20 days were inoculated oranasally with 5 ml of a suspension (10(6) tcid(50)/ml) of a greek myocardial strain of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). the animals either died (n=2) or were killed for examination on days 1,2 or 3 post-inoculation (pi). emcv was isolated from virtually all organs examined (heart, tonsils, palatine glands, pancreas, spleen, small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes). histopathologically, interstitial myocarditis, necrosis of cardiac muscle cells and ... | 2003 | 12921722 |
| problems associated with product enhancement reverse transcriptase assay using bacteriophage ms2 rna as a template. | in order to identify the reverse transcriptase activity in sera and conditioned media from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of large granular lymphocyte leukemia patients product enhanced reverse transcriptase activity (pert) assays were performed using bacteriophage ms2 rna as a template. all samples obtained from conditioned media of virus-infected cell lines as well as pbmcs of lymphocytic leukemia patients and normal healthy individuals tested positive with this assay. therefore th ... | 2003 | 12711064 |
| isg20, a new interferon-induced rnase specific for single-stranded rna, defines an alternative antiviral pathway against rna genomic viruses. | interferons (ifns) encode a family of secreted proteins that provide the front-line defense against viral infections. their diverse biological actions are thought to be mediated by the products of specific but usually overlapping sets of cellular genes induced in the target cells. we have recently isolated a new human ifn-induced gene that we have termed isg20, which codes for a 3' to 5' exonuclease with specificity for single-stranded rna and, to a lesser extent, for dna. in this report, we dem ... | 2003 | 12594219 |
| erk activation is required for double-stranded rna- and virus-induced interleukin-1 expression by macrophages. | double-stranded (ds) rna, which accumulates during viral replication, activates the antiviral response of infected cells. in this study, we have identified a requirement for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk) in the regulation of interleukin 1 (il-1) expression by macrophages in response to dsrna and viral infection. treatment of raw 264.7 cells or mouse macrophages with dsrna stimulates erk phosphorylation that is first apparent following a 15-min incubation and persists for up to 60 m ... | 2003 | 12609986 |
| enhanced antitumor effects of a bicistronic adenovirus vector expressing both herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 against hepatocellular carcinoma. | the efficacy of the suicide gene therapy using the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir (hsv-tk/gcv) system for the treatment of cancer is limited because of the insufficient gene transfer and the low killing activity. to enhance the antitumor activity, we determined whether recombinant adenovirus vector (rad)s expressing both hsv-tk and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1) genes could potentiate the destruction of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). the rad ad-tk-mcp1 harboring h ... | 2003 | 12679798 |
| genetic analysis of a theiler-like virus isolated from rats. | although cardioviruses related to theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (tmev) appear to be common in mice and rats, few tmev isolates have been obtained from rat colonies. in 1991, a cardiovirus isolate designated ngs910 was obtained from sentinel rats exposed to cage bedding previously used by adult rats that were tmev seropositive, but had never manifested clinical signs of disease. to determine to which group and subgroup of cardiovirus this virus belongs, the sequence of the viral genome ... | 2003 | 12784854 |