Publications

rabies virus-specific t cell hybridomas: identification of class ii mhc-restricted t-cell epitopes using synthetic peptides.	rabies virus-specific t-cell hybridomas were produced from immune mice by somatic cell fusion. cloned t-cell hybridomas were studied for antigen specificity using purified virus, a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing rabies glycoprotein and synthetic peptides containing amino acid sequences of rabies viral antigens. two closely situated t-cell epitopes of rabies glycoprotein, and one of rabies nucleoprotein were identified using synthetic peptides corresponding to amino acid sequences of these ...	1989	2787273
effect of strain differences on the potency testing of rabies vaccines in mice.	antigenic differences between several strains of rabies virus, namely cvs, sad and flury (lep) strains, were studied in cross-challenge experiments or cross-neutralization tests performed on sera of mice immunized with vaccines containing each strain. a typical wild fox virus strain was also included as challenge virus. the strain differences affected the relative potencies of the three vaccines in the european pharmacopoeia mouse protection test for veterinary rabies vaccines, in that higher an ...	1989	2793877
[experimental study of the regularity of t-killer induction as a result of anti-rabies immunization].	experiments in cba, mice immunized with inactivated unconcentrated cultural rabies vaccine (crv) demonstrated that a clone of t-effectors of memory was formed within 30-37 days after primary immunization which reacted by the secondary type in response to inoculation of subthreshold doses of the rabies antigen. this clone of immunological memory seems to remain in the quiescent state for very long periods (the observation period 406 days). the immune splenocytes from the donors which had been giv ...	1989	2800527
post exposure studies with human diploid cell rabies vaccine and purified chick embryo cell vaccine: comparative serological responses in man.	rabies-neutralising antibody responses to human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine (hdcsv) and purified chick embryo cell vaccine (pcecv) were studied in 125 patients previously exposed to rabid animals having received 3, 5 and 6 doses on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90. antibody response was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) with hdcsv than pcecv in all subjects irrespective of their sex and age group. three doses on day 0, 3, 7 given for post-exposure rabies prophylaxis to class i patients w ...	1989	2803459
immune response to purified chick embryo cell culture rabies vaccine (rabipur) in dog-bite victims.	the immunogenic and protective efficacy of a new, killed and purified rabies virus vaccine prepared in chick embryo fibroblast cell culture, has been evaluated. vaccine was administered on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90 to 29 subjects who were bitten by dogs. persons bitten on the face, neck or hand were also given rabies immunoglobulin. virus neutralizing antibody was measured on serially collected sera. on day 14, all 26 subjects who were tested had developed protective levels of antibody. high l ...	1989	2807425
oral vaccination of raccoons (procyon lotor) with an attenuated (sad-b19) rabies virus vaccine.	unlike previous reports to the contrary, raccoons (procyon lotor) were successfully vaccinated against rabies with a liquid sad-b19 attenuated virus vaccine administered per os and given in vaccine-laden baits. there was neither evidence of vaccine-induced rabies in raccoons nor in a limited safety trial with opossums (didelphis virginiana) given sad-b19. protection from lethal street rabies virus infection was not absolute: only three of nine raccoons given 1 x 10(6.0) tcid/ml were protected ve ...	1989	2810555
proposed field evaluation of a rabies recombinant vaccine for raccoons (procyon lotor): site selection, target species characteristics, and placebo baiting trials.	prior to a limited field application of an orally-administered vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (v-rg) recombinant virus vaccine for wildlife, background data were obtained for the proposed site on parramore island, virginia (usa). mammalian target and nontarget species, potentially at risk for exposure to vaccine were inventoried. placebo baiting trials with a fishmeal polymer bait resulted in high bait disturbance (88 to 100%), primarily by raccoons (procyon lotor), with infrequent visitation and ...	1989	2810556
reduced schedule of human antirabies immunization with fuenzalida & palacios vaccine.	the present study evaluates the humoral and cellular immune responses in 35 volunteers submitted to short antirabies vaccination schedules with the fuenzalida & palacios vaccine based on the administration of doses on non consecutive days. the volunteers were divided into two groups. the first group received a total number of five doses given on days 0, 4, 7, 20 and 35. the other group received four doses, the first one being a double dose given on day 0 and than three other single doses on days ...	1989	2814201
two-year comparative trial on the immunogenicity and adverse effects of purified chick embryo cell rabies vaccine for pre-exposure immunization.	the human diploid cell rabies vaccine (hdcv) has been shown to be highly immunogenic when used for pre-exposure immunization. however, the high cost of the product and the adverse reactions seen following booster doses of hdcv have limited its use. a purified chick embryo cell (pcec) rabies vaccine was compared with the hdcv by two routes of administration for reactogenicity, antibody response, duration of antibody, and anamestic response to boosters over a 2 year period. the study showed that t ...	1989	2815976
human diploid cell rabies vaccine purified by zonal centrifugation: a controlled study of antibody response and side effects following primary and booster pre-exposure immunizations.	systemic allergic reactions following booster immunizations have complicated rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis with the human diploid cell rabies vaccine licensed in the us (conventional hdcv). we conducted two studies comparing an hdcv purified by zonal centrifugation to conventional hdcv. in a study of primary pre-exposure immunization, volunteers received one of four regimens: three 1.0-ml intramuscular (i.m.) or 0.1-ml intradermal (i.d.) doses of conventional or purified hdcv over 28 days. alt ...	1989	2815979
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using staphylococcal protein a for the measurement of rabies antibody in various species.	an elisa was developed using staphylococcal protein a linked with horseradish peroxidase for detecting igg antibody of rabies virus in human and carnivore sera (80 human, 270 fox, 40 cat, 35 marten, 5 badger and 4 polecat sera were tested in the present work). in comparison with the serum neutralization (sn) test in cell culture, close overall agreement was obtained particularly in human and cat sera (97.5%). two post-vaccination human sera were found positive with elisa values of 2.16 and 2.65 ...	1989	2816177
lymphocyte subsets in human encephalitic and paralytic rabies.	lymphocyte subsets of 7 patients with encephalitic and paralytic rabies were determined by immunocytochemical techniques using mouse monoclonal antibodies. almost all patients had diminished mononuclear cells of leu 7 phenotype (natural killer cells). cells of leu 12 marker (b cells) were decreased in 3 paralytic rabies patients compared with those of 4 patients in the encephalitic group.	1989	2816284
cytopathic effect induced by rabies virus in mccoy cells.	both fixed and street rabies virus when cultivated in mccoy cells caused cytopathic changes 24 to 72 h after infection, depending on the multiplicity of infection. the cytopathic effect (cpe) was easily recognizable and resembles that induced by other members of the rhabdovirus group, such as vesicular stomatitis virus, in several cell cultures. higher titers of the pasteur strain (pv) of fixed rabies virus were found in supernatants of mccoy cells when compared to those in vero cells. the virus ...	1990	1691201
putative antigenic domains in glycoprotein g of rabies virus: is the rgk sequence involved in virus adsorption to cellular receptors?	computer analysis of rabies virus glycoprotein g provides a means for identification of functional domains in the viral glycoprotein. the computer analysis suggested 22 putative antigenic domains, of which three are rg-containing amino acid sequences that might be involved in the binding of rabies virions to cellular receptors. synthetic rg peptides may be able to interfere with rabies virus adsorption to cellular receptors.	1990	1693252
continuous delivery of colchicine in the rat brain with osmotic pumps for inhibition of rabies virus transport.	rabies virus is a neurotropic agent which spreads in the cns via axonal transport. previous studies had shown that this axonal transport through the brain could be inhibited by stereotaxic administration of colchicine; however, this inhibition was reversible. we describe here a method to enhance the duration of this colchicine-mediated inhibition by delivering the drug continuously in the rat brain with osmotic pumps.	1990	1693370
selective virus inhibitors.	our recent efforts have been directed at the development of selective inhibitors of different classes of viruses, including adeno, pox, and herpesviruses [herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2), varicella-zoster (vzv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv)], (+/-)rna viruses (reo- and rotavirus), (-)rna viruses (influenza, parainfluenza, measles, respiratory syncytial, vesicular stomatitis and rabies virus) and retroviruses [i.e. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the ...	1990	1693749
identification of a rabies virus t cell epitope on the basis of its similarity with a hepatitis b surface antigen peptide presented to t cells by the same mhc molecule (hla-dpw4).	the antigenic determinant recognized by a hla-dpw4-restricted human t cell clone specific for rabies virus was identified by using a vaccinia-rabies nonstructural phosphoprotein recombinant virus and synthetic peptides of the sequence of rabies nonstructural ag. these peptides were selected on the basis of three models that predict t cell epitopes. the antigenic determinant recognized by the rabies virus-specific t cell clone contained a five-amino acid segment highly homologous to a sequence fo ...	1990	1694205
structural and immunological characterization of a linear virus-neutralizing epitope of the rabies virus glycoprotein and its possible use in a synthetic vaccine.	we have mapped a linear epitope recognized by the virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibody 6-15c4 within the primary sequence of the g protein from the evelyn-rokitnicki-abelseth strain of rabies virus. this was accomplished by using fragments of the rabies virus g protein and deduced amino acid sequences of neutralization-resistant variant rabies viruses. the monoclonal antibody 6-15c4 specifically recognized a synthetic peptide (peptide g5-24) which resembles the 6-15c4 epitope in structure. in ...	1990	1695255
polymerase chain reaction amplification of rabies virus nucleic acids from total mouse brain rna.	in an attempt to improve the sensitivity of the rabies genome hybridization test, pcr amplification was used following reverse transcription of rabies rna extracted from infected brain. presence of amplified dna is demonstrated with either cdna synthesized from the antigenomic primer or from antimessenger primer.	1990	1696357
monoclonal antibody studies of rabies viruses isolated from thailand.		1990	1698313
detection of anti-rabies virus cytotoxic t lymphocytes in mice of four distinct h-2 haplotypes using target cells persistently infected with era rabies virus.	cells persistently infected with evelyn-rokitnicki-abelseth (era) rabies virus were established. the cells were used as stimulator and target cells to compare h-2 restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses specific for rabies virus in a/wysnj (h-2a), c57bl/6j (h-2b), balb/cbyj (h-2d), a.sw/snj (h-2s) and sjl/j (h-2s) mice. using a 51chromium release assay, it was determined that an effector/target (e/t) ratio of 5:1 was necessary to demonstrate specific lysis of era virus persistently inf ...	1990	1698803
[experiences with a new cat coryza-panleukopenia-rabies combined vaccine].	the development of a new combined vaccine against cat flu, panleukopenia and rabies should lead to a simplification of the vaccination calendar in small animal practice. in order to judge the suitability of the new vaccine, its efficacy, local tolerability, and safety were evaluated. all vaccinated cats developed high antibody titres against herpes-, calici-, panleukopenia- and rabies virus that persisted well during the trial of 18 months. in comparison to other vaccines containing a smaller nu ...	1990	1964252
effect of desferrioxamine b, a metal chelating agent, on rhabdovirus multiplication.	it has been suggested that the antiviral activity shown by chelating agents towards different viruses is probably related to the action on viral nucleic acid polymerases which require metal ions as essential cofactors. desferrioxamine b, a metabolite from streptomyces pilosus which chelates ions (fe3+, al3+, cu2+, zn2+, co2+) from intracellular and external compartments, has been tested for its activity on the multiplication of vsv and rabies virus in cer cells. while desferrioxamine b was ineff ...	1990	1967091
rabies virus cross-reactive murine t cell clones: analysis of helper and delayed-type hypersensitivity function.	three t cell clones derived from rabies virus-immunized balb/c mice were analysed for specificity and function. the clones proved to be broadly cross-reactive by responding to different rabies virus isolates (pm, era, cvs, hep) and other representatives of the genus lyssavirus, like the duvenhage-6 (duv6) and mokola (mok) viruses. the clones detected three different epitopes: an epitope expressed on the matrix protein (m) shared by pm, hep, mok and duv6 viruses (clone aa8), an epitope expressed ...	1990	1967528
rabies susceptibility and acetylcholine receptor.		1990	1969042
susceptibility of mammalian, avian, fish, and mosquito cell lines to rabies virus infection.	the relationship between plasma membrane receptor organization and cell susceptibility in vitro was investigated in mammalian, avian, fish, and arthropod cell lines infected with fixed rabies virus. imr32, hela, cer, and epc cells were widely susceptible to infection with cvs virus, whereas a lower level of specific viral antigens was detectable in a. albopictus cells. in spite of these differences, the amount of infectious virus particles bound to the various cell surfaces was similar. competit ...	1990	1975976
extraction and purification of gangliosides from cer cells, a cell line suitable for rabies virus replication.	results are reported concerning the extraction and purification of gangliosides present in cer cells, a cell line which is highly suitable for the cultivation in vitro of rabies virus. by means of thin layer chromatography it has been possible to demonstrate that the cer cell ganglioside pattern is composed mainly of monosialo and disialogangliosides.	1990	2087202
eosinophilic encephalomyelitis in a raccoon experimentally infected with a dog isolate of rabies virus.		1990	2094438
seroepidemiological survey of rabies virus antibodies in non-vaccinated dogs in nsukka environs, nigeria.	serum samples from 254 non-vaccinated and apparently healthy dogs of local breeds in nsukka environs (nigeria) were examined for the presence of antibodies to rabies virus by haemagglutination-inhibition technique. the prevalence rates of rabies antibodies in less than 3 months, 3-6 months and over 6 months old dogs were 17.5, 7.3 and 22.8 per cent, respectively, and overall 16.1 per cent in the dog population. this is the first documented report of rabies antibodies in non-vaccinated dogs in ea ...	1990	2098411
problem of zoonotic rabies in india and recent advances in diagnosis.		1990	2102894
[evaluation of the era antirabies vaccine against antigenic variants of rabies virus in various post-immunization periods].	protection levels of an attenuated antirabies vaccine, of era origin, prepared in kidney tissue culture, were evaluated in mice. two schemes of vaccination were utilized: a single dose and 6 doses on alternate days. animals of different experimental groups were challenged at 15, 30, 60 and 120 days postimmunization with six antigenic variants of rabies virus: strains of dog origin (s. paulo, brazil and nigeria), vampire origin (dr-19 and pernambuco, brazil), fox origin (rio grande do norte, braz ...	1990	2103072
nucleotide sequence of a human monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody specific for a rabies virus-neutralizing monoclonal idiotypic antibody reveals extensive somatic variability suggestive of an antigen-driven immune response.	we previously described the isolation and characterization of a human monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (ab2) isolated from ebv-transformed human pbl after immunization with rabies vaccine. the present study concerns the molecular characteristics of the ab2 and the germ-line elements that gave rise to it. the h chain of this antibody derives from the small vhv family of human v region gene segments. parallel studies on the germ-line vhv gene isolated from the same individual revealed that the e ...	1990	2108216
macrophage activity in rabies virus infection of genetically selected high and low antibody responder lines of mice.	after infection with the pasteur strain of fixed rabies virus, the onset of disease, mortality, interferon (ifn) synthesis and interaction of the virus with macrophages were investigated in high (hi) and low (li) antibody responder lines of mice. the hi mice were shown to be more resistant than the li mice, and resistance was age-dependent, since mice from both mouse lines were fully susceptible up to 2 weeks of age. ifn synthesis studies of the serum indicated that, after rabies infection, hi m ...	1990	2109344
[rabies transmission to rodents after ingestion of naturally infected tissues].	we describe seven trials in which calomys musculinus and mus musculus were fed with naturally rabies-infected tissues extracted from vampire bats, dogs, and bovines. the tissues were not subjected to any kind of previous laboratory handling and were administered directly in petri dishes; rodents ate them voluntarily. the only infectious tissues were bovine brains taken from outbreaks transmitted by vampire bats (table 1). it was possible to infect the two species of tested rodents, and there was ...	1990	2130231
[socio-ethnology and role of the dog in the pikine district (suburban zone of dakar - senegal)].	during a mass campaign in 1987, the authors vaccinated about 500 dogs in the pikine district. the dogs were kept for security reasons. religion was not a limiting factor to dog ownership, but ethnic influences meant that those from casamance (manjaks, diolas,. . . )--although a minority meant that among the population--bred more dogs than the wolof majority. most of the dog population is of local and young (average age 29 months). males are preferred over females. the dogs belong to youths or ad ...	1990	2131203
molecular cloning and complete nucleotide sequence of the attenuated rabies virus sad b19.	complementary dna spanning the entire genome of the attenuated rabies virus strain sad b19 which is used for oral immunization of foxes in europe was cloned and sequenced. the viral genome comprises 11,928 nucleotides and encodes the five viral proteins n, ns, m, g, and l. deduced protein sequences are highly similar to those of the pathogenic pv strain, homologies ranging from 90.6% for the m to 98.6% for the l protein. the five cistrons are separated by intergenic regions of 2, 5, 5, and 24 nu ...	1990	2139267
[antigenic variants of rabies virus isolated in the northeast and southeast of brazil. preliminary study].	to help identify the different strains of rabies virus existing in brazil, the antigenic profile of 13 virus isolates from humans and animals was determined. the indirect immunofluorescence technique was used, with monoclonal antibodies targeted at the viral nucleocapsid. in the northeast of the country five different viral strains were identified, and in the southeast, two. a rhabdovirus isolated from a fox could not be characterized as a rabies virus. previously, only two antigenic variants ha ...	1990	2139567
nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the nominal nonstructural phosphoprotein of the era, pm and cvs-11 strains of rabies virus.		1990	2148206
[rabies: advances and current situation].		1990	2152474
clonal analysis of a human antibody response. quantitation of precursors of antibody-producing cells and generation and characterization of monoclonal igm, igg, and iga to rabies virus.	we quantitated and characterized the changes in the human b cell repertoire, at the clonal level, before and after immunization with rabies virus. moreover, we generated 10 monoclonal cell lines producing igm, igg, and iga antibodies to the virus. we found that in healthy subjects, not previously exposed to the virus, nearly 2% of the circulating b lymphocytes were committed to the production of antibodies that bound the virus. these b cells expressed the surface cd5 molecule. the antibodies the ...	1990	2153188
randomized blind trial of a commercial felv vaccine.	a randomized blind trial of a commercial felv vaccine was conducted to evaluate its performance in cats under conditions of long-term natural exposure. seventy-nine nonviremic, seronegative cats were randomized into 2 groups. cats were given 3 doses of either felv vaccine or placebo (killed rabies virus vaccine) sc at weeks 0, 3, and 9 of the trial. six weeks later, 44 known-viremic cats were added to the colony. cats were housed in a single large room and food dishes and litter pans were used i ...	1990	2154424
nucleotide sequence analysis of the l gene of vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype): identification of conserved domains in l proteins of nonsegmented negative-strand rna viruses.	we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the l gene of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), new jersey serotype (ogden strain) by primer extension dideoxy sequencing of the genomic rna with reverse transcriptase. this analysis completes the entire genomic sequence of the vsvnj (ogden). comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of this l protein with those reported for l proteins of indiana serotype and hazelhurst strain of new jersey serotype revealed an extensive sequence similarity among ...	1990	2155516
sequence comparison of five polymerases (l proteins) of unsegmented negative-strand rna viruses: theoretical assignment of functional domains.	the large (l) protein subunit of unsegmented negative-strand rna virus polymerases is thought to be responsible for the majority of enzymic activities involved in viral transcription and replication. in order to gain insight into this multifunctional role we compared the deduced amino acid sequences of five l proteins of rhabdoviruses (vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies virus) or paramyxoviruses (sendai virus, newcastle disease virus and measles virus). statistical analysis showed that they s ...	1990	2161049
[the effectiveness and safety of an immunization against parvovirus and rabies in anesthetized puppies].	the efficacy and safety of a vaccination during anaesthesia was examined in 20 puppies from 8 litters of one kennel. the animals were vaccinated in a state of reflex-free anaesthesia (neuroleptanalgesia in combination with halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen). 20 puppies from the same litters were used as controls. a parvovirus living vaccine (canimed) and a rabies vaccine from inactivated viruses (rabisin) were used for the vaccinations. the titers of neutralizing antibodies against rabies viru ...	1990	2161572
construction of human monoclonal antibodies against rabies ns-protein antigen by epstein-barr virus transformation.	a human monoclonal antibody against rabies ns-protein was developed using peripheral blood lymphocytes. a special immunization protocol was used in order to achieve maximal cell numbers of active secreting b cells. these b cells were subjected to epstein-barr virus transformation and the transformed cells were cloned stepwise by limiting dilution using supernatant of stimulated macrophages. active anti-rabies-igg secreting cell clones were adapted to serum-free conditions producing stably for mo ...	1990	2168706
absence of rabies encephalitis in a raccoon with concurrent rabies and canine distemper infections.	concurrent infection of a raccoon by rabies and canine distemper viruses is described. fluorescent antibody (fa) test demonstrated rabies antigen in the brain of this animal, however, histologically only lesions characteristic of canine distemper infection were seen. we recommend testing tissues for rabies of animals that histologically are positive for canine distemper.	1990	2180632
further studies on rabies virus isolated from healthy dogs in nigeria.	rabies viruses isolated from healthy dogs, were passaged in mice and adapted to cell culture. after 5-7 passages, isolated viruses were subjected to monoclonal antibody (mab) characterization with a panel of 36 anti-nucleocapsid (nc) and 40 anti-glycoprotein (g) mabs. the four viruses showed positive fluorescence with all nc hybridomas except mab 422-5, confirming them as true rabies virus isolates. the anti-g mab reactivity pattern was the same in the four isolates indicating that they belong t ...	1990	2186564
detection of rabies virus antibodies in fruit bats (eidolon helvum) from nigeria.	fruit bats (eidolon helvum) were collected from three different localities in western nigeria: oti, ibadan and idanre. fifty serum samples were analyzed using a modified rapid fluorescent focus inhibition technique against rabies, mokola, lagos bat and duvenhage viruses. twenty-five brain samples were screened for rabies and related lyssavirus antigens by direct fluorescent antibody microscopy and by an indirect fluorescent antibody technique with rabies anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies. ...	1990	2187101
rabies diagnostic reagents prepared from a rabies n gene recombinant expressed in baculovirus.	a gene encoding the nucleoprotein (n) of rabies virus was inserted into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. recombinant gene expression was controlled by the strong polyhedrin gene promoter. insect cells (spodoptera frugiperda) infected by a baculovirus recombinant containing the rabies virus n gene produced abundant amounts of a novel 55-kilodalton protein of a size comparable to that of the rabies virus n protein, as demonstrated by polyacrylamide g ...	1990	2191008
comparison of human immune responses to purified vero cell and human diploid cell rabies vaccines by using two different antibody titration methods.	antibody responses to a conventional rabies preexposure regimen of a new purified vero cell rabies vaccine (pvrv) and a human diploid cell vaccine (hdcv) were compared in 80 healthy kenyan veterinary students. forty-three of the students received the pvrv and 37 received the hdcv on days 0, 7, and 28. antibody responses were monitored by using the rapid fluorescent-focus inhibition test (rffit) and an inhibition enzyme immunoassay (inh eia) on days 0, 7, 28, and 49. both vaccines elicited a rapi ...	1990	2203814
evaluation of five different methods for routine diagnosis of rabies.	brain tissue from 187 animals of different species was investigated by means of fluorescent antibody test, peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique, mouse inoculation test and cell culture technique for a diagnosis of rabies. with peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique the rabies specific reaction comprised inclusion bodies and a granular staining of the cytoplasm of affected cells. a specific positive reaction was found only in neurons, in which perikaryon as well as cell processes were affected. flu ...	1990	2204250
from rabies to rabies-related viruses.	antigenic differences between rabies virus strains characterized with monoclonal antibodies presently define at least four serotypes within the lyssavirus genus of the rhabdoviridae family: classical rabies virus strains (serotype 1), lagos bat virus (serotype 2), mokola virus (serotype 3) and duvenhage virus (serotype 4). the wide distribution of rabies-related virus strains (serotypes 2, 3 and 4) and above all, the weak protection conferred by rabies vaccines against some of them (principally ...	1990	2205967
use of vaccinia rabies recombinant for oral vaccination of wildlife.	a vaccinia rabies recombinant virus was constructed and shown to induce the synthesis of rabies virus glycoprotein in infected cells and to induce rabies virus neutralizing antibodies and protection in susceptible animals. active when orally administered, this recombinant is a good candidate for the development of vaccines for wild animal rabies vectors. this recombinant was found stable, safe for target and non-target animal species, and protective for most of the rabies vectors. after extensiv ...	1990	2205969
the protective effect of the large-scale use of phkc rabies vaccine in humans in china.	reported are the results obtained with different immunization schedules of adjuvant or freeze-dried concentrated (fdc) primary hamster kidney cell (phkc) rabies vaccine on volunteers. the fdc vaccine (potency, 4.5 iu), which was inoculated in six doses, on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90, and the adjuvant vaccine (potency 2.5 iu), which was inoculated in five doses, on days 0 and 7 (double dose), 14, 30 and 90, induced earlier, higher, and more persistent neutralizing antibody titres than the adjuva ...	1990	2208558
functional analysis of mhc class ii-restricted t cells derived from a caucasian with a dr4, dw15, dqw8 haplotype.	rabies virus-specific cd4+ t lymphocyte clones were isolated from a caucasian male vaccine recipient (dr4/7, dqw2/w8; dpw4) and studied for their major histocompatibility complex restricting elements. none of the rabies-specific t-cell clones could be induced to proliferate to antigen by either lymphoblastoid cells or dr-transfected l cells expressing dr4 molecules of the dw subtypes commonly found on caucasian individuals (dw4, dw10, dw13, dw14). the hla-dw subtype of the rabies vaccine recipie ...	1990	2211188
efficacy of a baiting system for vaccinating foxes against rabies with vaccinia-rabies recombinant virus.	the efficacy of a vaccinia-rabies recombinant virus (10(8) tcid50) contained in a machine-made baiting system has been tested in 22 captive young foxes which were divided into three experimental groups of six and a control group of four foxes. each fox in groups 1, 2 and 3 were fed one, two and three vaccine-baits, respectively, on successive days. the four unvaccinated foxes were housed separately. as shown by the incorporation of a tetracycline biomarker into their bones, all the baited foxes ...	1990	2219648
expression, characterization, and purification of a phosphorylated rabies nucleoprotein synthesized in insect cells by baculovirus vectors.	a baculovirus expression vector (acnpv3) derived from the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of autographa californica (acnpv) was prepared containing the complete coding region of the nucleoprotein (n) gene of rabies virus (gif-sur-yvette clone of the cvs strain). the gene was placed under the control of the acnpv polyhedrin promoter and was expressed to high levels (66 mg n protein/liter of 2 x 10(9) cells) by the derived recombinant virus using a spodoptera frugiperda cell line. using available antis ...	1990	2219704
[the efficacy of a cultured rabies vaccine studied on guinea pigs previously infected with the rabies street virus].	in this work materials on the development of an experimental model for the study of rabies vaccines are presented. the comparative study of different immunization schedules for vaccines with different protective potency has been carried out. guinea pigs infected with street rabies virus, strain k, were used as an experimental model. as shown in this investigation the optimum method of infecting the animals with strain k was intramuscular injection causing 50% mortality among the animals, the inc ...	1990	2220221
sequence homology between hiv gp120, rabies virus glycoprotein, and snake venom neurotoxins. is the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor an hiv receptor?		1990	2241576
the serological response of young dogs to the flury lep strain of rabies virus vaccine.	the serological response of puppies from nigeria to live flury low egg passage (lep) rabies vaccine was determined. two sets of puppies were used: one set from rabies-vaccinated bitches and another set from non-vaccinated bitches. puppies were vaccinated intramuscularly with flury lep strain rabies vaccine and serially bled from the 4th week to the 30th week. serum rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (vna) were measured by a modified rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (rffit). puppies from ...	1990	2247948
vaccinia recombinant virus expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein: safety and efficacy trials in canadian wildlife.	twenty-six meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus), ten woodchucks (marmota monax), thirteen grey squirrels (sciurus carolinensis), thirteen ring-billed gulls (larus delawarensis), six red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) and eight great horned owls (bubo virginianus) received vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (v-rg) by direct instillation into the oral cavity. each of ten coyotes (canis latrans) received the virus in two vaccine-laden baits. several voles and mo ...	1990	2249183
surveillance and epidemiologic mapping of monoclonal antibody-defined rabies variants in florida.	brain tissues from 128 rabid animals from florida in 1987 and 1988 were analyzed with monoclonal antibodies and cases were mapped by species and antigenic variant. the single variant found in terrestrial animals was distinguished easily from the variety of antigenic variants identified for infected bats, and there was no evidence of transmission of rabies between bats and terrestrial animals. the raccoon (procyon lotor) appeared to be the sole maintenance source for terrestrial animal rabies in ...	1990	2250324
[rabies prognosis in western siberia and the regulatory factors of the epizootic process].	in this article the regulatory factors of the epizootic process are considered and the spatial-temporal prognostication of rabies infection in the region is proposed on the basis of data on rabies morbidity among animals, the purchase of skins of carnivorous animals for 20-25 years, virological experiments on wild animals, calculation of the number of carnivores and small mammals, as meteorological observations. the study has shown that a variety of animal species serving as hosts for the virus ...	1990	2251888
reduction in the dosage schedule of bpl-inactivated neural tissue vaccine for rabies prophylaxis in man.	there exist two different immunization schedules for neural tissue rabies vaccine (ntv) for human use in india, the amount of vaccine given by the schedule recommended by central research institute (cri), kasauli, being higher than that recommended by pasteur institute of india (pii), coonoor. a study was therefore undertaken to assess the feasibility of reducing the cri dosage schedule for rabies prophylaxis. the antirabies antibody response in laboratory animals and human subjects following 7, ...	1990	2269504
serological determination of rabies antibodies in vaccinated subjects.	this study reports the immunological response in subjects vaccinated against rabies. four serological methods were compared: the immunoenzymatic test with hdcv virus vaccine (eia-v) and with purified viral glycoprotein (eia-p), the neutralizing in vitro rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (rffit) and the indirect immunofluorescent test (ifi). a concordance of 93.3% was found with rffit and eia-v, 86.8% with rffit and eia-p and 80.5% with rffit and ifi. the rffit is the most sensitive and spe ...	1990	2273985
rabies surveillance in the united states during 1989.	in 1989, 4,808 cases of rabies in animals other than human beings were reported to the centers for disease control, 1.8% more (4,724 to 4,808) than in 1988. eighty-eight percent (4,224/4,808) of those affected were wild animals and 12% (584/4,808) were domestic animals. cases were reported from 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico; hawaii remained rabies-free. skunks (1,657) continued to be the most commonly reported rabid wild animal. for the second consecutive year, more cats ( ...	1990	2276949
a reduced panel of anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies for bat rabies virus identification in europe.	a reduced panel of 4 anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies (mab) was set up to distinguish viruses of terrestrial mammal origin from viruses of bat origin in europe. four additional mab were necessary to identify each one of the four serotypes of lyssavirus. these 8 mab were selected out of 25 mab secreted by hybridomas obtained from mice immunized with either serotype 1 lyssavirus (rabies virus pv4) or serotype 3 lyssavirus (mokola). they were screened with 32 viruses representative of the fo ...	1990	2277871
immune state of dogs injected with rabies vaccines in the west java, indonesia.		1990	2280494
rabies reference vaccine for use as a regional standard for latin america and the caribbean countries.	a candidate rabies reference vaccine of suckling mouse brain (smb) origin was prepared and standardized at the pan american zoonoses center (paho/who) and evaluated in a collaborative study involving seven laboratories. on the basis of three different tests, its potency, immunogenicity, and stability were demonstrated to be satisfactory. the vaccine was proposed for consideration of the latin american and caribbean countries as a regional standard to determine the potency of smb vaccines, the mo ...	1990	2285501
in vitro rabies vaccine potency appraisal by elisa: advantages of the immunocapture method with a neutralizing anti-glycoprotein monoclonal antibody.	the replacement of the in vivo potency test (nih test) for rabies vaccine evaluation by in vitro methods is at present discussed in many reports and also by who expert working groups. for this purpose, in vitro glycoprotein titration has been proposed. among the different glycoprotein assays, we have studied two elisa methods (immunocapture and direct plate coating with the antigen to be tested) using neutralizing mono- and polyclonal antibodies. in our view, the immunocapture method based on th ...	1990	2285504
antigenic characterisation of virus isolates from vaccinated dogs dying of rabies.	four rabies virus isolates from dogs that succumbed to rabies infection in nigeria within one year of anti-rabies vaccination were characterised by monoclonal antibodies (mabs). the samples were screened for rabies and rabies-related viral antigens by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, performed with mab 502-2, which recognises the nucleocapsid (nc) protein of all known lyssaviruses and with mab 422-5 which identifies african rabies-related viruses. all four canine virus isolates displayed ...	1990	2288013
effect of inhibitors of cytoplasmic structures and functions on rabies virus infection in vitro.	the effect in vitro of some cytoplasmic structure and function inhibitors on the different stages of rabies virus infection was investigated. treatment of fibroblasts (cer) and human neuroblastoma cells (imr-32) with substances acting on low ph intracellular compartments (methylamine and monensin) prevented rabies virus genome delivery in the cytosol. an early inhibition of viral infection was also obtained in the presence of b and d cytochalasins and trifluoperazine which interact with microfil ...	1990	2292183
a recombinant human adenovirus vaccine against rabies.	rabies continues to be a serious problem in both developed and developing nations due to the reservoir of rabies virus in wildlife vectors. the control and worldwide eradication of rabies depends on the development of safe, effective, and economical vaccines that might be used in preexposure vaccination programs for humans and animals. to this end an infectious human adenovirus type 5 recombinant virus that contains the rabies glycoprotein gene, and which may serve as the prototype for a new cla ...	1990	2295855
ineffectiveness and comparative pathogenicity of attenuated rabies virus vaccines for the striped skunk (mephitis mephitis).	three attenuated rabies virus vaccines (sad-b19, era/bhk-21, aza 2) were compared for efficacy and safety in the striped skunk (mephitis mephitis) by the oral and intranasal routes. the sad-b19 and era/bhk-21 vaccines were given orally; all three vaccines were given intranasally. oral administration of sad-b19 and era/bhk-21 vaccines induced neither seroconversion nor significant protection against rabies challenge. one skunk which consumed a sad-b19 vaccine-laden bait succumbed to vaccine-induc ...	1990	2304207
mutants of rabies viruses in skunks: immune response and pathogenicity.	in studies to develop an oral rabies vaccine for wildlife, the immune response to and pathogenicity of two types of mutants of rabies viruses were examined. forty-five small plaque mutants were selected from cultures of era rabies virus treated with 8-azaguanine or 5-fluorouracil and tested for pathogenicity in mice. two of these mutants aza 1 and aza 2 (low pathogenicity in mice) were given to skunks by oral (bait), intestinal (endoscope) and intramuscular routes. additionally, challenge virus ...	1990	2306670
protection against rabies in mice by a cytotoxic t cell clone recognizing the glycoprotein of rabies virus.	by the use of liposomes containing the purified surface glycoprotein (g) of rabies virus and the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) glycoproteins of sendai virus, the target antigen of anti-rabies virus cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) clones isolated in a previous study was identified as the g protein. recognition of the h-2k determinant of the class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) was necessary for target lysis by the ctl clones. one of the ctl clones was examined for the ab ...	1990	2307962
rabies vaccine adsorbed: neutralizing antibody titers after three-dose pre-exposure vaccination.	field trials at several schools of veterinary medicine showed that three-dose pre-exposure rabies vaccination with rabies vaccine adsorbed developed by the michigan department of health elicited neutralization antibody in practically all recipients two to three weeks after immunization. titers declined during the first six months after vaccination. however, by 18 to 24 months, 98 percent of recipients still had titers equal or greater than a 1:5 dilution of serum.	1990	2316774
equine rabies immune globulin: a product with an undeserved poor reputation.	four hundred nineteen patients exposed to rabies in thailand were treated with equine rabies immune globulin (erig) manufactured by sclavo of italy, a product also licensed in the united states of america. they were followed for a minimum of 1 month after erig injection and rabies vaccine administration. adverse serum sickness-like reactions were noted in 15 patients (3.58%). these were clinically acceptable and only 1 of these patients required corticosteroid therapy and short term hospitalizat ...	1990	2316787
hplc immunoaffinity purification of rabies virus glycoprotein using immobilized antipeptide antibodies.	it has been reported that the acetylcholine receptor may be used by the rabies virus to concentrate at sites in proximal to peripheral nerves. it has also been reported that the binding site for the receptor is located within the 190-203 region of the virus glycoprotein on the basis of its structural homology with the toxic center of snake neurotoxins, which are well known cholinergic ligands. we prepared monoclonal antibodies against the synthetic tetradecapeptide having the same sequence as th ...	1990	2319136
murine susceptibility to street rabies virus is unrelated to induction of host lymphoid depletion.	the mechanism and cellular targets of mononuclear cell depletion were investigated in strains of mice susceptible or resistant to lethal infection with a virulent street rabies virus (srv). significant depletion was evident in the thymus of all infected animals at approximately 5 days postinfection and subsequently involved the spleen and lymph nodes in mice developing clinical signs of rabies. immunofluorescent analyses of lymphocyte subsets in depleted spleens revealed that cell losses were no ...	1990	2329281
[the antigenic characteristics of field strains of the rabies virus from different districts of the ussr studied using antinucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies].	98 rabies virus strains isolated from different species of wild and domestic animals have been studied by means of 36 monoclonal antibodies obtained from the wistar institute (usa) and 3--of the federal research center on viral diseases of animals (frg). the antigenic variants determined in this study have been analyzed in comparison with the data obtained in other regions of the world, thus establishing the spread of these variants and their relationship with different species of animals.	1990	2330779
detection of mokola virus neutralising antibodies in nigerian dogs.	five hundred healthy nigerian dogs were randomly selected and bled for serological detection of antibodies to lyssa-viruses, including mokola, lagos bat and duvenhage viruses. the canine sera were screened for virus neutralising antibodies by a modification of the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition technique. three serum samples were seropositive to mokola virus but all were negative to lagos bat and duvenhage viruses. the three seropositive mokola samples were also negative for rabies virus neu ...	1990	2333438
bat rabies--france.		1990	2335001
biological characterization of human monoclonal antibodies to rabies virus.	rabies virus antigen-specific human monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that recognized either viral glycoprotein, ribonucleoprotein, or matrix proteins were generated. only glycoprotein-specific mab neutralized a variety of rabies viruses and protected laboratory rodents against lethal rabies virus infection. the determinant recognized by this mab does not appear to reside in previously defined antigenic sites of the viral glycoprotein.	1990	2335829
use of a vaccinia-rabies recombinant virus for the oral vaccination of foxes against rabies.	the vaccination of wild animals against rabies has been developed most extensively in europe. experiments have demonstrated the efficacy of a vaccinia-rabies recombinant virus administered by the oral route in foxes. the innocuity of this vaccine was tested in the target species as well as in several non-target wild and domestic species. because of its safety and heat-stability, this recombinant virus should offer an excellent alternative to the attenuated strains of rabies virus currently used ...	1990	2336870
intramuscular vaccination of skunks and raccoons against rabies.	live-captured striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) and raccoons (procyon lotor) were immunized with inactivated rabies vaccine by intramuscular injection and released at the point of capture during a rabies control program in metropolitan toronto (ontario, canada). serum samples collected prior to and following vaccination revealed that 100% of the skunks and 98% of the raccoons seroconverted. rabies antibody was still detectable 314 to 757 days postvaccination. five of six skunks vaccinated in th ...	1990	2338727
vaccination of free-ranging pennsylvania raccoons (procyon lotor) with inactivated rabies vaccine.	thirty-nine free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) in an endemic rabies area of pennsylvania (usa) were vaccinated with a single intramuscular inoculation of commercial inactivated rabies virus vaccine, 17 june to 23 august 1987. paired serum samples, pre- and postvaccination, were obtained from eight raccoons and were analyzed in vitro for rabies virus neutralizing antibody using a modified rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. seven of eight (88%) recaptured raccoons demonstrated seroconvers ...	1990	2338729
[intradermal method of vaccination with a human diploid cell tissue culture vaccine for preexposure antirabies immunization].	the authors provide evidence of seroconversion in 16 subjects (100%) following intradermal administration of antirabies vaccine from a tissue culture of human diploid cells [rabivac, behring, frg] for the purpose of pre-exposure immunization. the immunomodulating preparation levamisol [decaris richter, hungary] did not influence the mean antibody titre during administration by the intradermal route.	1990	2340574
seroepidemiological survey of rabies virus antibodies in non vaccinated dogs in nsukka environs, nigeria.	serum samples from 254 non vaccinated and apparently healthy dogs of local breeds in nsukka environs, nigeria were examined for the presence of antibodies to rabies virus by haemagglutination-inhibition technique. the prevalence rates of rabies antibodies in, less than 3 months, 3-6 months, and over 6 months old dogs were 17.5%, 7.3% and 22.8% respectively, and overall 16.1% in the dog population. this was the first documented report of rabies antibodies in non vaccinated dogs in eastern nigeria ...	1990	2346070
what happens if intradermal injections of rabies vaccine are partially or entirely injected subcutaneously?	reported are the results of a study with the thai red cross two-site intradermal purified vero-cell rabies vaccine (pvrv) schedule that was deliberately injected into subcutaneous tissue. the 44 healthy nonimmune thai adults who were enrolled in the study were randomly assigned to the following groups and given pvrv as shown: group a (two intradermal injections on days 0, 3, and 7); group b (one intradermal and one subcutaneous injection on days 0, 3, and 7); and group c (two subcutaneous inject ...	1990	2347035
evaluation of an inactivated rabies virus vaccine in domestic ferrets.	efficacy of an sc-administered commercial inactivated vaccine for prevention of rabies was evaluated in domestic ferrets. ferret immunity was challenged by the im inoculation of street rabies virus. all ferrets developed titers of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies within 30 days of vaccination (geometric mean titer [gmt] = 154, n = 41) that were maintained for at least one year (gmt = 106, n = 36), compared with no seroconversion in controls (gmt less than 5, n = 39). following rabies virus c ...	1990	2347753
[testing for immunogenic and protective properties of vaccine against tissue-inactivated rabies].	the immunogenic and protective potency was tested of vaccine against inactivated tissue rabies developed from the vnukovo-32 strain, and produced in the bioveta state corporation at ivanovice in haná. in 21 days after an i. m. application of 3 cm3 of vaccine, the average titre of virus-neutralizing antibodies was found to be 1:47. in this period the animals were revaccinated in the same way. the average titre of virus-neutralizing antibodies was 1:99 three months after revaccination, 1:57 in six ...	1990	2353410
the role of polymorphic hla-dr beta chain residues in presentation of viral antigens to t cells.	the relative importance of 11 polymorphic positions in the hla-dr7 beta 1 chain in t cell recognition of foreign antigens was investigated using transfectants expressing mutant dr7 beta 1 chains as apc for five rabies virus-specific t cell clones. the results indicate that multiple amino acids, located in both the beta-strands and alpha-helix of dr7 beta 1 in the model of a class ii molecule, are involved in dr7-restricted t cell recognition of these antigens. many of the substitutions appeared ...	1990	2358778
rabies virus binding to an acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit peptide.	the binding of 125i-labeled rabies virus to a synthetic peptide comprising residues 173-204 of the alpha 1-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was investigated. binding of rabies virus to the receptor peptide was dependent on ph, could be competed with by unlabeled homologous virus particles, and was saturable. synthetic peptides of snake venom, curaremimetic neurotoxins and of the structurally similar segment of the rabies virus glycoprotein, were effective in competing with labeled ...	1990	2361061
identification of fox rabies by a monoclonal antibody directed against nucleocapsid of a street rabies virus.	hybridomas were prepared by fusion of spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with dog rabies isolates from nigeria with p3x63ag8 myeloma cells. more than 69 hybridomas secreted antinucleocapsid (antinc) antibodies when tested with homologous viruses by indirect immunofluorescence. one hybridoma (z144-88) was found which secreted antinc antibody that reacted negatively with fox rabies isolates from the federal republic of germany, switzerland and france and with rabies-related viruses and europe ...	1990	2363325
the case of the missing animal is also a report with missing data.		1990	2367169
antigenic characterization of street rabies virus isolates from nigeria using monoclonal antibodies.	twenty isolates of street rabies virus were recovered in mouse neutroblastoma cells from 84 rabies suspect brain specimens from nigeria dogs and a cat. they were characterized with the tübingen monoclonal antibody panels directed against nucleocapsid and glycoprotein antigens. antigenic variations were detected both with antinucleocapsid (anti-nc) and antiglycoprotein (anti-gp) monoclonal antibodies (mabs). one isolate reacted positively with anti-nc mab p41 which hitherto has been known to reac ...	1990	2385983
rabies. bat rabies.		1990	2386713
adult raccoon survival in an enzootic rabies area of pennsylvania.	twenty-one adult raccoons (procyon lotor) were radio-marked on each of two areas in centre county, pennsylvania from 17 june to 23 august 1987. raccoons on area 1 were vaccinated with a commercial inactivated rabies virus vaccine administered intramuscularly, whereas on area 2 raccoons were not vaccinated. survival rates were estimated for three periods: pre-season (23 august to 23 october 1987), harvest season (24 october 1987 to 23 january 1988) and post-season (24 january to 26 march 1988). k ...	1990	2388357
human monoclonal antibodies specific for the rabies virus glycoprotein and n protein.	human monoclonal antibodies to rabies virus were established by epstein-barr virus infection of peripheral blood lymphocytes collected from a rabies-vaccinated donor, and fusion with a heteromyeloma line. two human monoclonal antibodies, hum1 and hum2, both igg2, reacted with the envelope glycoprotein of the rabies virus. the antibody hum1 neutralized rabies virus (lyssavirus serotype 1) and mokola virus (lyssavirus serotype 3), but did not neutralize european bat lyssavirus, suggesting that som ...	1990	2391499