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13-alkylpyrimidine nucleosides. preparation and properties of 5-ethyl-2'-deoxycytidine and related nucleosides. 19744359544
antiviral agents. 1-aralkyloxyadenosines. 19744359546
[passive hemagglutination in the serodiagnosis and epizootologic surveillance in mice-breeding units]. 19744410333
titration method for an ointment type smallpox vaccine in embryonated chicken eggs. 19744416657
poly(a) polymerase from vaccinia virus-infected cells. i. partial purification and characterization.poly(a) polymerase activity is induced during vaccinia virus infection of hela cells. the enzyme is maximally induced at 3.5 h postinfection. partial purification frees the preparation of rnase activity and rna polymerase activity. atp is the substrate for poly(a) synthesis. a small amount of poly(a) is produced from added adenosine diphosphate due to the production of atp by an adenylate kinase present in the preparation. the incorporation of atp into poly(a) is dependent on divalent cations (m ...19744417406
poly(a) polymerase from vaccinia virus-infected cells. ii. product and primer characterization.the product of the in vitro reaction of a vaccinia virus-induced poly(a) polymerase (see preceding paper) with atp is shown to be poly(a) by nuclease resistance and by annealing with poly(u). polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates that the in vitro synthesized poly(a) is associated with large rna which is sensitive to rnase. rna which co-purifies with the virus-induced enzyme is similar to vaccinia virus-specific rna with respect to size and poly(a) content. double labeling studies indicat ...19744417407
biochemical and electron microscopic observations of vaccinia virus morphogenesis in hela cells after hydroxyurea reversal. 19744420773
[mva vaccination against smallpox: clinical tests with an attenuated live vaccinia virus strain (mva) (author's transl)]. 19744426258
inhibition of vaccinia virus replication by canavanine and canaline. 19744427106
characterization and localization of the naturally occurring cross-links in vaccinia virus dna. 19744427382
protection of vaccinia-infected hela cells by lipophilic benzimidazole derivatives. 19744435108
interferon production and sensitivity in passaged human embryonic fibroblasts. 19744451440
immune response in rabbits to ultraviolet vaccinia virus. 19744451441
mixed infections of kb cell cultures with type 5 adenovirus and vaccinia virus. iii. electron microscopic observations of a slow course of infection with both viruses. 19744454755
[contribution to the study of paracoccidioidomycosis. ii. experimental infection of dogs]. 19744460184
the significance of the challenge strain in the potency assay of the antivaccinia immunoglobulin preparation. 19744463129
[a comparative study of the effects of actinomycetes of the genera actinomyces and micromonospora on the processes of phage, vaccinia and influenza virus multiplication]. 19744463872
[immunity after producing vaccinia generalisata during treatment with l-asparaginase in rabbits (author's transl)]. 19744468263
isolation of vaccinia virus from the pharynx of children vaccinated against smallpox. 19744473485
synthesis and physicochemical, antimitogenic, and antiviral properties of a novel palladium (ii) coordination compound. 19744473534
biogenesis of vaccinia: concerning the origin of the envelope phospholipids. 19744473861
[vaccinia infection with unusual localization (author's transl)]. 19744475326
[some aspects of antibody response in newborn rats]. 19744475475
multicompartmental plastic plates for quantitative assay of viruses. 19744475580
the kinetics of the in vitro trimming of haemagglutinins from the particles of vaccinia and ranikhet disease viruses by the lysates of the cells of virus infected cam cultures. 19744475663
[laboratory diagnosis of vaccination eczema]. 19744475938
[vaccinia foetalis at the rabbit (author's transl)]. 19744478770
a possible biological function of the protein kinase associated with vaccinia and vesicular stomatitis virions. 19744368341
abortive infection and transformation of human embryonic fibroblasts by molluscum contagiosum virus. 19744368362
regulation of synthesis of two immunologically distinct nucleic acid-dependent nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolases in vaccinia virus-infected hela cells.the two nucleic acid-dependent nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolases, previously purified from vaccinia virus cores, were shown to be immunologically distinct enzymes. antiserum prepared against purified phosphohydrolase i and antiserum prepared against purified phosphohydrolase ii only neutralized the activity of that enzyme used as antigen. both enzymes were induced in hela cells after vaccinia infection. dna-cellulose chromatography was used to purify the two phosphohydrolases from the cy ...19744369132
two nucleid acid-dependent nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolases from vaccinia virus. purification and characterization. 19744364421
two nucleic acid-dependent nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolases from vaccinia virus. nucleotide substrate and polynucleotide cofactor specificities. 19744364422
single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid-specific nuclease from vaccinia virus. endonucleolytic and exonucleolytic activities. 19744364423
inactivation of herpes simplex virus by concanavalin a.the infectivity of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was inactivated after treatment with either concanavalin a (cona) or periodate. phytohemagglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and neuraminidase failed to inactivate the virus. the effect of cona could be specifically inhibited or reversed by the addition of alpha-methyl-d-glucoside or alpha-methyl-d-mannoside. evidence was obtained that hsv-1 inactivated by cona could adsorb to host cells. viral aggregation was not a major mec ...19744364903
on the treatment with proflavine of herpes simplex or vaccinia infected gmk cells. an electron microscopic study. 19744365534
adult and embryonic gecko cells in vitro: growth characteristics, infection by rabies, sindbis and polyoma viruses, and transformation by sv40. 19744365679
virus, the primordial parasite, and man. 19744366090
in vitro cellular immunity to unrelated pathogens in chickens infected with fowlpox virus.peritoneal macrophages recovered from chickens 15 to 20 days after inoculation with fowlpox virus and showing a delayed hypersensitivity reaction against fowlpox antigens demonstrated an enhanced antimicrobial effect against fowlpox virus as well as unrelated viruses and bacteria. inoculation of normal chicken macrophage cultures with fowlpox virus resulted in approximately a 200-fold increase in virus titer by 96 h, whereas the virus showed less than a fourfold increase in macrophage cultures f ...19744366915
antiviral compounds. xvi. p-alkylthiophenylglyoxals and their derivatives. 19744367012
studies on the effect of inactivated viruses on the growth of poxvirus variolae. i. the influence of heating at temperatures: 70 degrees c, 56 degrees c and 37 degrees c on the infection activity of some viruses. 19744367560
resistance to skin tumorigenesis by 3-methylcholanthrene in mice susceptible to leukemia. 19744363686
improved plaque assay of a mutant of vaccinia virus, strain dis, in chick embryo cell cultures. 19744547226
supplement to the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of an attenuated vaccinia virus, strain dis, in cynomolgus monkeys. 19744547313
synthesis, chemistry, and biological activity of 5-thiocyanatopyrimidine nucleosides as potential masked thiols. 19744524606
failure of an influenza virus to initiate infection in enucleate bhk cells.studies employing indirect immunofluorescent staining, acrylamide gel electrophoresis of [(35)s]methionine-labeled cellular polypeptides, and rna-rna hybridization of [(3)h]uridine-labeled cellular rna, failed to detect evidence of fowl plague virus infection of bhk cells enucleated with cytochalasin b, although virus-specific polypeptide and rna synthesis was detected in nucleate bhk cells. the enucleate cells permitted the synthesis of newcastle disease and vaccinia virus structural proteins. ...19744598782
the antiviral activity of some related benzo(b) thiophene derivatives. iii. anti-vaccinia activity. 19744613323
methylation of newly synthesized viral messenger rna by an enzyme in vaccinia virus.purified vaccinia virions contain an enzyme that incorporates methyl groups from s-adenosylmethionine into viral rna synthesized by the core-associated dna-dependent rna polymerase. this incorporation, by partially disrupted virions, was dependent on the presence of all four ribonucleoside triphosphates and mg(++) and was inhibited by actinomycin d. at saturation, 2.3 methyl groups were incorporated per 1000 nucleotides. the methyl-labeled rna product was sensitive to alkali and ribonucleases an ...19744606808
electron microscope study of the interaction of vaccinia virus with macrophages from immunized and nonimmunized rabbits.a study using the electron microscope was conducted with the objective of comparing the efficiency of phagocytosis and the subsequent fate of the vaccinia virus in immune and nonimmune rabbit macrophages. although immune rabbit macrophages inhibited viral replication, they did not differ from permissive nonimmune rabbit macrophages in their ability to ingest the virus. in addition, the immune cells processed the vaccinia virus through the first stage of uncoating as evidenced by the observation ...19744816467
gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing of mitochondrial and viral-induced thymidine kinases. 19744817574
patterns of transcription of messengers containing poly a in vaccinia virus-infected cells. 19744820675
a protein synthesizing system from interferon-treated cells that discriminates between cellular and viral messenger rnas. 19744820887
interferon production by macrophages from adult and newborn rabbits bearing fibroma virus-induced tumors.tumors were induced in adult and newborn rabbits by inoculation of fibroma virus. after 10 to 14 days, oil-induced peritoneal macrophages were harvested, purified, and tested in vitro for interferon synthesis after stimulation with specific and nonspecific viruses. peritoneal macrophages from adult rabbits that had initiated tumor regression produced high levels of interferon (titers ranged from 160 to 640) after stimulation with fibroma virus, whereas macrophages from normal adult rabbits faile ...19744822868
immunotherapy of malignant melanoma with vaccinia virus. 19744828533
single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid-specific nuclease from vaccinia virus. purification and characterization. 19744830245
neutralizing activities of antisera to poxvirus soluble antigens. 19744833605
vaccinia virus polyriboadenylate polymerase: convalent linkage of the product with polyribonucleotide and polydeoxyribonucleotide primers.a polyriboadenylate [poly(a)] polymerase, purified from vaccinia virus cores, was stimulated by polydeoxyriboadenylate: polydeoxyribothymidylate [poly(da:dt)] and by polyribocytidylate [poly(c)] primers suggesting mechanisms of either transcription or terminal addition. evidence for the latter was obtained by the demonstration of covalent linkages between the poly(a) products and both primers. in 99% dimethylsulfoxide-sucrose gradients, the sedimentation of poly(a) formed with poly(da: dt) prime ...19744836599
[possibilities of reactions and complications from the part of cns in vaccinations]. 19744838437
ether extracts from the fruiting body of piptoporus betulinus as interference inducers. 19744838508
vaccinia-like pox virus identified in a horse with a skin disease. 19744839144
mechanism of poly(a) synthesis by vaccinia virus.data are presented which indicate that vaccinia dna does not contain poly(dt) sequences the size of poly(a) sequences (50 to 200 nucleotides in length) found in vaccinia rna. a hybridization experiment and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and deae-sephadex chromatography of pyrimidine tracts show that poly(dt) sequences can account for no more than 0.1% of vaccinia dna. ultraviolet irradiation (which causes thymine dimer formation) and phleomycin (which binds to thymidine) both inhibit rna syn ...19744847326
evidence for the presence of rna in the purified virions of vaccinia virus.vaccinia virus, strain wr, was propagated in hela cells, l mouse fibroblats, or primary chicken embryo fibroblasts in the presence of [5- (3)h]uridine. carefully purified virions were found to contain significant amounts of labeled trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material which was rendered acid soluble when digested with pancreatic rnase or hydrolyzed in alkali. controlled degradation of virions with nonidet p-40 and 2-mercaptoethanol demonstrated that 65 to 80% of the [5- (3)h]uridine-labele ...19744851942
keratoacanthoma in a smallpox vaccination site. 19744852612
vaccinia virus cytotoxin(s). 19744855363
use of turkey erythrocytes for vaccinia virus hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition tests. 19744855583
synthesis of poly(a) sequences in poxvirus-infected cells treated with interferon or poly(ri)-poly(rc). 19744856288
biogenesis of poxviruses: further evidence for inhibition of host and virus dna synthesis by a component of the invading inoculum particle. 19744856571
virus inhibitory activity of some pyrimidine derivatives and trimethinium salts in tissue culture. 19744859585
target cell-dependent t cell-mediated lysis of vaccinia virus-infected cells.vaccinia virus specific cytotoxicity against infected target cells was observed in vitro. spleen lymphocytes from normal and immunized mice of the inbred strains c3h and dba/2 were incubated with vaccinia virus-infected and non-infected 51 cr-labeled mastocytoma p-815-x2 cells and l-929 fibroblasts, which were used as targets. cytotoxic lymphocytes could be isolated from the mice as early as 2 days after infection with vaccinia virus. the highest cytotoxic effect was obtained with lymphocytes ta ...19751086229
[simple method of preparation of a semifluid coating medium with methylcellulose for the determination of the plaque-forming abilities of viruses]. 197545981
[cytogenetic characteristics of the vaccination process in children, primarily vaccinated against smallpox].an increased rate of chromosome aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes was observed in children between 1 and 21/2 years of age beginning at 4 days after vaccination. the number of aneuploid cells and chromosome aberrations increased for 1 month but were not found 6 months after vaccination. administration of measles gamma-globulin in a dose of 0.75 ml before vaccination did not influence significantly the frequency of chromosome aberrations. a direct correlation was observed between th ...197547668
treatment of primary melanoma by intralesional vaccinia before excision.the results of treatment of two groups of patients with primary melanoma are compared. 25 patients in group 1 were treated by wide local excision of the primary melanoma, and 23 in group 2 were treated by vaccination with live vaccinia virus 14 days before wide local excision. vaccination exerts a favourable effect on the course of melanoma both in terms of survival and prolongation of the interval between treatment of the primary lesion and subsequent development of metastases.197551409
[sensitization against the antigens of the brain after experimental vaccinia infection. i. evidence for cell-mediated immune response to brain-antigens (author's transl)].vaccinia virus infection was performed by scarification of the shaved skin (5 times 5 cm2) on the back of pirbright guinea pigs. the macrophage migration inhibition test was performed with peritonealexudate cells 7, 11, 14 and 21 days after infection. macrophage migration inhibition occurred after exposure of the cells to whole brain tissue antigen on the 7th, 11th, 14th day after infection (s. table 1). lymphocyte transformation responses were examined by 14c-2-thymidin uptake using blood cultu ...197551549
[sensitization against the antigens of the brain after experimental vaccinia infection. ii. humoral anti-brain antibodies and morphological changes in the cns (author's transl)].29 guinea pigs, strain pirbright, were infected with vaccinia virus, strain elstree, by the dermal route. the observation period was 14 days. thereafter, the animals were killed and their central nervous systems (cns) histologically and immunohistologically, the blood fluorescence-serologically examined. histological examination revealed meningitis, ependymitis or disseminated meningoencephalitis with slight perivascular cuffing in 72% of the animals. the viral antigen was found in 3 animals (10 ...197551552
altered serological and cellular reactivity to h-2 antigens after target cell infection with vaccinia virus. 197552122
vaccinia virus infection of hela cells. i. synthesis of vaccinia dna in host cell nuclei.the replication of vaccinia virus is thought to take place exclusively in the cytoplasm of host cells. however, using dna-dna hybridization techniques, it can be shown that a significant fraction of the synthesis of vaccinia dna takes place in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm. the (3h) thymiding pulse-labeled vaccinia dna synthesized in the nucleus reaches a maximum at about 3 h after infection, corresponding to the time of maximal dna synthesis in infected cells. at this time host dna synth ...1975123010
ornithine decarboxylase activity in uninfected and vaccinia virus-infected hela cells. 1975123741
control of thymidine kinase synthesis in ihd vaccinia virus-infected thymidine kinase-deficient lm cells.the synthesis of vaccinia virus-induced thymidine kinase is normally arrested several hours after infection. in thymidine kinase-deficient lm cells infected with ihd strain of vaccinia virus, arrest occurs whether or not viral dna synthesis is inhibited. with virus inactivated by uv irradiation, enzyme synthesis takes place, but arrest is abolished. it is suggested that an early viral genetic function is responsible for the cessation of thymidine kinase synthesis.1975124355
viral-specific polypeptides associated with newly replicated vaccinia dna. 1975124498
plaque development by vaccinia-viruses on the chicken chorio-allantois under the influence of cyclophosphamide.the development of vaccinia-virus plaques on the chorioallantois of embryonated eggs was studied under the influence of active cyclophosphamide metabolites. the viruses were inoculated on the 9th or the 13th incubation day. cyclophosphamide was injected in doses of 62.5--500 mug in 0.2 ml nacl into the yolk sac either 7 hrs after the virus inoculation or 3, 6, or 9 hrs in advance. the plaque development was not influenced when cyclophosphamide was given after the virus inoculation. but in treati ...1975125958
[use and effectiveness of multiple vaccines of life viruses]. 1975126063
alteration of t cell function in healthy persons with a history of thymic x-irradiation.the possible late effects of x-irradiation to the infantile thymus were investigated by studying immune functions in 12 healthy persons with a history of thymic x-irradiation and healthy control subjects. no differences were found in serum immunoglobulin values, humoral antibody levels, lymphocyte counts, and lymphocyte reactivity to phytochemagglutinin, vaccinia virus, purified protein derivative (ppd), and allogeneic cells. the irradiation group exhibited cellular hyperresponsiveness to strept ...1975126252
the effect of ethyl alcohol and beta-propiolactone inactivated vaccinia virus on the development of skin immunity and the production of hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies in guinea pigs, rabbits and monkeys.the efficacy of hemagglutinin containing preparations of vaccinia virus in eliciting skin immunity and hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies has been studied in guinea pigs, rabbits and monkeys. the preparations, grown on chorioallantoic membranes from chick embryos, have been tested both in the form of live vaccine and after inactivation with ethyl alcohol and beta-propiolactone. statistical analysis of the results, comprising data from 200 guinea pigs, 80 rabbits and 100 monkeys, shows that t ...1975127456
[fluorescent antibody method in the study of an antiviral agent: 5-sulfamido--isatin-thiosemicarbazone].direct immunofluorescence supplied evidence of the antiviral action of a new synthetic derivative (5-sulfamido-itsc) against vaccina virus in hela cell cultures. the antiviral potential of the new derivative is expressed by a 10-18 delay in the appearance of the viral antigen and by the quantitative reduction of synthesis. administered in a single dose of 40 um/ml, after infection of the hela cells, 5-sulfamido-itsc does not arrest the infection and bring about elimination of the virus from the ...1975128095
specific increase in polyamine levels in chick embryo cells transformed by rous sarcoma virus.chick embryo fibroblasts and chorioallantoic membranes of chick embryos infected with oncogenic or nononcogenic viruses were analyzed for polyamines. nononcogenic viruses (influenze, newcastle disease, or vaccinia virus) had no effect on the polyamine content of chorioallantoic membranes. transformation of chorioallantoic membranes by a wild-type or temperature-sensitive mutant strain of rous sarcoma virus under permissive conditions (37 degrees) caused a 2- to 4-fold increase in cellular spermi ...1975162861
a modified structure at the 5'-terminus of mrna of vaccinia virus. 1975162886
persistence of vesicular stomatitis virus in interferon-treated cell cultures. 1975163524
methylated nucleotides block 5'-terminus of vaccinia virus messenger rna.studies on the nature and location of the methylated nucleotides in mrna synthesized in vitro by vaccinia virus particles revealed an unusual 5'-terminal structure. evidence that the pyrophosphate group is blocked by 7-methylguanosine and that both 2'-o-methyl-adenosine and 2'-o-methylguanosine occupy penultimate positions was presented. according to this model, the 5'-termini of vaccinia virus mrnas are: 7meg-5'ppp-5'gmepnp and 7meg-5'amepnp.1975164018
assembly of viruses. 1975164048
identification and interrelationships of the variola/vaccinia subgroup of poxviruses. 1975164050
structural and functional alterations in cultured cells infected with cytocidal viruses. 1975164054
response of camels to intradermal inoculation with smallpox and camelpox viruses.young camels were inoculated intradermally with either camelpox or smallpox virus and the courses of infection, including serological response, were compared. camelpox virus was highly infectious; generalized disease resulted which was transmitted naturally to contact animals. smallpox virus produced only transient lesions at the inoculation site and a less marked serological response. nevertheless, the camels inoculated with smallpox virus subsequently resisted a severe challenge with camelpox ...1975164403
reproduction of vaccinia virus (strain neurolapina) in rabbit blood leucocytes in vitro.the determining factor in vaccinia virus reproduction is the initial pattern and subsequent development of the given cell populations, in relation to the infection multiplicity, interferon production and other factors. the sensitive cells in fresh suspensions may be the blood monocytes and the small lymphocytes are virus-resistant. in cultures, transformed lymphocytes (blast cells) and macrophages play the major role in virus reproduction. the macrophages are probably of greater significance for ...1975165236
reaction of mouse strains to skin test for ectromelia using an allied virus as inoculum. 1975165420
persistent or slow viral infections and related diseases.the discovery of persistent transmissible agents by veterinarians has led to striking advances in the infectious cause of neuropathies of human beings. there is evidence for persisting infection in congenital rubella and the herpes group of viruses including cytomegalovirus infections. hepatitis types a and b are candidates for inclusion in the category of persisting viral infections. the rubeola or measles virus is established as a persistent virus which causes elevated antibodies in the serum ...1975165638
comparative study of the protein kinase associated with animal viruses. 1975166492
vertebrate dna polymerases. 1975166759
[research on substances with antiviral activity. ii. derivatives of n-substituted 2-chloro-3-formylindoles].thiosemicarbazones and amidinohydrazones of n-substituted 2-chloroindole-3-aldehydes were synthesized and investigated for antiviral activity against rna virus (parainfluenza type 3, ha-i/cr-8 stock) and dna virus (vaccinia virus, hid stock). the thiosemicarbazones of 1-(o,m,p,-chlorobenzoyl)-2-chloroindole-3-aldehydes were more active than methisazone against vaccinia virus.1975166871
effect of human leukocyte interferon on vaccinia-and herpes virus-infected cell cultures and monkey corneas.pretreatment of human fibroblast cultures with human leukocyte interferon (hif, 1,000 iu/ml) resulted in a 24-h delay of virus replication after infection with vaccinia virus and herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. additional hif treatment 24 h after infection effectively lowered the maximum yield of viral infectivity. equal results were obtained in simian cells with 3,000 iu of hif per ml. the spread of two cell-bound herpesviruses, varicella zoster virus and medical lake macaque herpesviru ...1975166924
virus isolation and titration at 33 degrees and 37 degrees c.various prototype viruses and original specimens were comparatively titrated in cell cultures at 33 degrees and 37 degrees c. higher titers at 37 degrees were consistently obtained with adenoviruses; for other viruses (enteroviruses, herpesvirus hominis, vaccinia virus, parainfluenza viruses) the titers were mostly identical at either temperature. original specimens and prototye strains showed the same behavior. the habit to cultivate viruses from throat swabs at 33 degrees c is unsatisfactory f ...1975167268
a quantitative estimation of poxvirus genome fraction transcribed as "early" and "late" mrna. 1975167512
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