Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta6 as fmdv receptors: molecular cloning, sequence analysis and comparison with other species. | integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that participate in a variety of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix protein interactions. many integrins recognize rgd sequences displayed on extracellular matrix proteins and the exposed loops of viral capsid proteins. four members of the alphav integrin family of cellular receptors, alphavbeta3, alphavbeta6, alphavbeta1 and alphavbeta8, have been identified as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in vitro, and integrins are belie ... | 2009 | 19443046 |
| peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour in a lumbar vertebra and the liver of a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | a 9-year-old castrated male dromedary camel developed weakness and ataxia, progressing to sternal recumbency and hindlimb paralysis. necropsy revealed multiple liver tumours and a mass in the 3rd lumbar vertebra, compressing the spinal cord. the hepatic and vertebral masses consisted of uniform sheets of primitive cells, with perivascular pseudorosettes and small numbers of neuroblastic homer-wright rosettes. immunohistochemically, the tumour cells were uniformly positive for vimentin and variab ... | 2009 | 19446834 |
| seroprevalence of camel brucellosis (camelus dromedarius) in somaliland. | the present study was delineated to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of camel brucellosis in northern somalia (somaliland). the study was carried out at three main districts of camel-rearing regions of somaliland (awdal, waqoyi galbed and togdheer) in the period from july to november, 2008. a total of 1246 camel blood sera were randomly collected from 42 sporadic small scale camel herds. two serological tests were used to screen all serum samples, rose bengal plate test (rbpt) and ind ... | 2009 | 19459060 |
| camel milk as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of type 1 diabetes: verification of a traditional ethnomedical practice. | there is a traditional belief in the middle east that regular consumption of camel milk may aid in prevention and control of diabetes. the aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of camel milk as an adjuvant therapy in young type 1 diabetics. this 16-week randomized study enrolled 54 type 1 diabetic patients (average age 20 years) selected from those attending the outpatient diabetes clinic of the menofia university hospital, affiliated with egypt's national cancer institute. subjects were ... | 2009 | 19459752 |
| management of neonatal llamas and alpacas. | most llama and alpaca crias will be born without complication and survive the neonatal period without incident. however, it is important to be able to recognize which crias are likely to be at risk of complications so that you are best able to advise owners and take the correct course of action if required. this article deals with management of the pregnant camelid, the events associated with parturition and the peripartum period with emphasis on the cria, management of the newborn cria includin ... | 2009 | 19460645 |
| chemical restraint, anesthesia, and analgesia for camelids. | this article covers techniques used to provide chemical restraint, injectable or inhalation anesthesia, and analgesia in camelid patients. understanding the information presented improves safety and efficacy when using the techniques presented in the article. this article focuses primarily on llama and alpaca patients. of the techniques that have been used on camels, the dosing protocols provided have proven effective. | 2009 | 19460650 |
| a molecular dynamics simulation of the human lysozyme - camelid vhh hl6 antibody system. | amyloid diseases such as alzheimer's and thrombosis are characterized by an aberrant assembly of specific proteins or protein fragments into fibrils and plaques that are deposited in various tissues and organs. the single-domain fragment of a camelid antibody was reported to be able to combat against wild-type human lysozyme for inhibiting in-vitro aggregations of the amyloidogenic variant (d67h). the present study is aimed at elucidating the unbinding mechanics between the d67h lysozyme and vhh ... | 2009 | 19468335 |
| detection of camel pox and vaccinia viruses by polymerase chain reaction. | pcr following two methods of dna extraction was used to confirm the growth of camel pox virus (cpv) and vaccinia virus in cell culture and chorioallantoic membrane. results were compared with the commonly used neutralization test. the first method of dna extraction was accomplished by using viral dna in tissue culture supernatant and chorioallantoic membrane, which was released by initial heating for 15 min at 99 degrees c followed by ordinary pcr. in the second method dna was extracted by using ... | 2009 | 19484375 |
| interspecies embryo transfer in camelids: the birth of the first bactrian camel calves (camelus bactrianus) from dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). | interspecies embryo transfer is a possible approach that can be used to conserve endangered species. it could provide a useful technique to preserve the iranian and wild bactrian camels, both of which are threatened with extinction. in the present study, one bactrian camel was superovulated using decreasing doses of fsh (60, 40, 30, 30, 20, 20 mg, b.i.d.; folltropin-v; bioniche, london, on, canada) for 6 days, followed by a single injection of fsh (20 mg, i.m.) on day 7. daily ovarian ultrasonog ... | 2009 | 19210924 |
| open source marketing: camel cigarette brand marketing in the "web 2.0" world. | the international trend towards comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising has seen the tobacco industry become increasingly innovative in its approach to marketing. further fuelling this innovation is the rapid evolution and accessibility of web-based technology. the internet, as a relatively unregulated marketing environment, provides many opportunities for tobacco companies to pursue their promotional ambitions. | 2009 | 19211615 |
| cigarette brand preference among middle and high school students who are established smokers - united states, 2004 and 2006. | studies have suggested a link between exposure to tobacco advertising and cigarette brand preference. knowing the brand preferences of young established smokers can provide insight into what influences young smokers to start and continue to smoke. a report of 2005 data indicated that the three most heavily advertised brands, marlboro, newport, and camel, were preferred by 81% of u.s. youths aged 12-17 years. to assess the cigarette brand preferences among middle school and high school students w ... | 2009 | 19214160 |
| crystal structure of the n-terminal domain of the secretin gspd from etec determined with the assistance of a nanobody. | secretins are among the largest bacterial outer membrane proteins known. here we report the crystal structure of the periplasmic n-terminal domain of gspd (peri-gspd) from the type 2 secretion system (t2ss) secretin in complex with a nanobody, the vhh domain of a heavy-chain camelid antibody. two different crystal forms contained the same compact peri-gspd:nanobody heterotetramer. the nanobody contacts peri-gspd mainly via cdr3 and framework residues. the peri-gspd structure reveals three subdom ... | 2009 | 19217396 |
| quality and acceptability of a set-type yogurt made from camel milk. | camel milk (cm) set yogurts were formulated with gelatin, alginate (alg), and calcium (ca). titratable acidity, ph, sensory properties, and acceptability of cm yogurts were studied. twelve treatments were prepared; 3 using gelatin at 0.5, 0.75, and 1% levels and 9 with combinations of alg and ca at different levels. titratable acidity and ph of fresh yogurt were not affected by the addition of gelatin or the alg and ca combinations. trained sensory panel results showed that cm yogurt containing ... | 2009 | 19233778 |
| camelid nanobodies raised against an integral membrane enzyme, nitric oxide reductase. | nitric oxide reductase (nor) is an integral membrane protein performing the reduction of no to n(2)o. nor is composed of two subunits: the large one (norb) is a bundle of 12 transmembrane helices (tmh). it contains a b type heme and a binuclear iron site, which is believed to be the catalytic site, comprising a heme b and a non-hemic iron. the small subunit (norc) harbors a cytochrome c and is attached to the membrane through a unique tmh. with the aim to perform structural and functional studie ... | 2009 | 19241371 |
| 'can you push a camel through the eye of a needle?' reflections on how the unconscious speaks to us and its clinical implications. | there has been a recent surge of interest in a type of thinking seen in some patients most of the time, and all patients some of the time. in the past it was simply called regressive thinking, but attempts to be more specific have led it to be called by various names, like 'pre-symbolic', 'pre-conceptual' and 'pre-operational'. what these labels attempt to capture is that the patient's thinking, at these times, is without representations and closer to actions. as a clinical phenomena i prefer to ... | 2009 | 19245570 |
| production of chimeric heavy-chain antibodies. | antibody has become a major category of therapeutics. however, igg, the primary molecular format of existing antibody drugs, has some major shortcomings such as undesirable pharmacokinetics, high dose requirement, and high production cost, partially due to its large molecular size. much efforts have been made to address these issues, which usually led to antibodies or antibody fragments with smaller size. however, in most cases these changes also resulted in complete or partial deletion of fragm ... | 2009 | 19252853 |
| selection of non-aggregating vh binders from synthetic vh phage-display libraries. | the particular interest in vh antibody fragments stems from the fact that they can rival their "naturally occurring" single-domain antibody (sdab) counterparts (camelid vhhs and shark vnars) with regard to such desirable characteristics as stability, solubility, expression, and ability to penetrate cryptic epitopes and outperform them in terms of less immunogenicity, a much valued property in human immunotherapy applications. however, human vhs are typically prone to aggregation. various approac ... | 2009 | 19252860 |
| through the eye of the needle: the unfolding of the unconscious body. | the body is the starting point of experience and the original source of psychic life. in the course of analysis "the camel" must "go through the eye of the needle," in the sense that the body must become the specific object of mental working through, although no link between the corporeal and the mental can be taken for granted. the body-mind relationship is explored in the light of matte blanco's hypothesis that symmetric and asymmetric relationships are always present in the mind in differing ... | 2009 | 19270246 |
| a survey of echinococcus species in wild carnivores and livestock in east africa. | we examined 71 faecal samples of carnivores from queen elizabeth national park (qenp), uganda, for eggs of echinococcus species. thirty-nine faecal samples contained taeniid eggs. for species diagnosis, dna was isolated from a total of 1984 individual taeniid eggs. to differentiate eggs of echinococcus felidis from other taeniid taxa (including the closely related echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto), a restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp)-pcr of the mitochondrial nad1 gene was deve ... | 2009 | 19275902 |
| purification and characterization of camel (camelus dromedarius) milk amylase. | skimmed camel milk contains 59,900 u/l amylase, which is 39,363 times less than serum and plasma amylase. camel milk beta-amylase was purified as a 61 kda band using deae-sepharose and sephadex g-100 and yielded 561 u/mg. the optimum working ph, km and temperature were 7.0, 13.6 mg/lstarch, 30-40 degrees c, respectively. the enzyme has been shown higher affinity toward amylose and soluble starch than glycogen, amylopectin, dextrin, or pullulan. magnesium chloride, cacl(2) and nacl activated the ... | 2009 | 19291574 |
| monophyletic origin of domestic bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus) and its evolutionary relationship with the extant wild camel (camelus bactrianus ferus). | the evolutionary relationship between the domestic bactrian camel and the extant wild two-humped camel and the factual origin of the domestic bactrian camel remain elusive. we determined the sequence of mitochondrial cytb gene from 21 camel samples, including 18 domestic camels (three camelus bactrianus xinjiang, three camelus bactrianus sunite, three camelus bactrianus alashan, three camelus bactrianus red, three camelus bactrianus brown and three camelus bactrianus normal) and three wild camel ... | 2009 | 19292708 |
| effects of milking interval and cisternal udder evaluation in tunisian maghrebi dairy dromedaries (camelus dromedarius l.). | effects of 4 different milking intervals (8, 12, 16, and 24 h) on milk yield and milk composition were studied in tunisian maghrebi dairy dromedaries (n = 6) at late lactation [240 +/- 14 days in milk (dim), 5.84 +/- 1.62 l/d]. camel-cows suckled their calves for 2 mo, were hand milked while suckling until mo 4 of lactation (calf weaning) and machine milked thereafter. intravenous injection of oxytocin was administered before machine milking at each experimental milking to induce complete milk e ... | 2009 | 19307626 |
| expression of egfrviii in thyroid carcinoma: immunohistochemical study by camel antibodies. | patients with poor prognosis in thyroid cancers resistant to currently available therapeutic modalities are often in search of a new treatment. the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) viii, a ligand-independent, constitutively active, mutated form of egfr has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of some cancers. consequently, the immunohistochemical detection of egfrviii with novel camel antibodies, which are valuable for their ability to interact with less antigenic epitopes in con ... | 2009 | 19330625 |
| echinococcosis in pigs and intestinal infection with echinococcus spp. in dogs in southwestern lithuania. | cystic echinococcosis is a major emerging zoonosis in many eastern european and asian countries. post slaughter examinations of 684 pig livers in lithuania revealed significantly higher numbers of echinococcus granulosus infections in animals from family farms (13.2%; 95% ci 10.7-16.2) as compared with those from industrial farms (4.1%; 95% ci 0.8-11.5). the prevalence was also significantly higher in pigs older than 1 year than in younger ones. in addition, in 0.5% of the pigs from the family f ... | 2009 | 19111990 |
| nanobody-aided structure determination of the epsi:epsj pseudopilin heterodimer from vibrio vulnificus. | pseudopilins form the central pseudopilus of the sophisticated bacterial type 2 secretion systems. the crystallization of the epsi:epsj pseudopilin heterodimer from vibrio vulnificus was greatly accelerated by the use of nanobodies, which are the smallest antigen-binding fragments derived from heavy-chain only camelid antibodies. seven anti-epsi:epsj nanobodies were generated and co-crystallization of epsi:epsj nanobody complexes yielded several crystal forms very rapidly. in the structure solve ... | 2009 | 19118632 |
| reproductive glycogenetics--a critical factor in pregnancy success and species hybridisation. | hybridisation occurs rarely in nature and experiments using interspecific transfer of embryos generally result in implantation failure. here we show that appropriate glycosylation of the apposing surfaces of endometrium and trophoblast probably is an important factor and may play a critical role in pregnancy success. examination of closely related species shows that each has its own specific pattern of glycosylation, or glycotype, at the fetomaternal interface and that interacting surfaces appea ... | 2009 | 19121542 |
| nanobodies, a promising tool for species-specific diagnosis of taenia solium cysticercosis. | taenia solium cysticercosis is a major helminth zoonosis in developing countries. pigs are the intermediate hosts mediating transmission of infection. specific assays to diagnose living cysts in pigs are lacking. the monoclonal-based antigen detection elisa is genus-specific and cross-reactions with taenia hydatigena hamper the use of this test to screen pigs. we, therefore, aimed to introduce nanobodies, camelid-derived single-domain antibodies specific for t. solium cysticercosis, to develop u ... | 2009 | 19041315 |
| the relationship between serum level of thyroid hormones, trace elements and antioxidant enzymes in dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | thyroid hormones might be able to regulate the activities of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (gpx). the role of thyroid hormones in metabolic pathways and antioxidant enzyme activities are well known in many species. nevertheless, there is no report describing probable relationship between thyroid hormones status, erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and serum profiles of trace elements. this study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between these parameters ... | 2009 | 19052911 |
| effect of selenium supplementation on blood status and milk, urine, and fecal excretion in pregnant and lactating camel. | ten pregnant female camels divided into two groups received, after a 2-week adaptation period, an oral selenium (se) supplementation (0 and 2 mg, respectively) under sodium selenite form for 6 months from the three last months of gestation up to the three first months of lactation. feed intake was assessed daily. blood samples and body weight were taken on a biweekly basis, both in dams and their camel calves after parturition. feces and urine samples were collected monthly and milk on a biweekl ... | 2009 | 18972072 |
| a new method to discriminate immunogen-specific heavy-chain homodimer from heterotetramer immunoglobulin g directly in immunized dromedary whole plasma proteins: western ligand blotting. | the variable domain of heavy-chain camelid antibodies (vhh), exclusively present in the homodimer iggs (hc igg), provides valuable ligands for diagnosis, imaging and therapy. these vhhs are efficiently produced from lymphocytes of immunized animals through phage display and recombination biotechnology. for vhh development it is desirable to identify animals with high affinity hc igg response by monitoring antigen-binding in the course of immunization. the aim of this study was to propose a direc ... | 2009 | 19091427 |
| nutritional composition of three fodder species browsed by camels (camelus dromedarius) on arid area of tunisia. | browsing camels have access to different plant species in relation to the kind of pasture they can reach. a study was conducted in an arid region of southern tunisia to determine the dietary preference and forage quality of free ranging camels. foliage consisting of leaves from limonium pruinosum, retama raetam and stipa tenacissima, was collected during the dry season to evaluate the chemical characteristics and nutritional value of these browse fodder species. the dietary preference was studie ... | 2009 | 19105041 |
| the microanatomy of the palatine tonsils of the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius). | tonsils form a first line of defense against foreign antigens and are also a route of entry and a replication site for some pathogens. the palatine tonsils are the largest of all the tonsils. despite their general importance, little is known about the microanatomy of the palatine tonsils of the one-humped camel. palatine tonsils of 10 clinically healthy male camels were obtained directly after slaughtering for human consumption. the tonsils were examined macroscopically and by light, scanning, a ... | 2009 | 19645021 |
| pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in male camels (camelus dromedarius). | 2009 | 19646095 | |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic study of haemoglobin from camel (camelus dromedarius): a high oxygen-affinity lowland species. | haemoglobin is a prototypical allosteric protein that is mainly involved in the transportation of oxygen from the lungs to tissues and of carbon dioxide back to the lungs in an intrinsically coordinated manner to maintain the viability of cells. haemoglobin from camelus dromedarius provides an interesting case study of adaptation to life in deserts at extremely high temperatures. an ambition to unravel the integrated structural and functional aspects of the casual survival of this animal at high ... | 2009 | 19652336 |
| on: can you push a camel through the eye of a needle? | 2009 | 19709032 | |
| survey of aflatoxin m(1) in cow, goat, buffalo and camel milks in ismailia-egypt. | milk from buffalo, cow, goat and camel species was collected in ismailia in egypt. aflatoxin (afm(1)) levels were lower than previous surveys, and were influenced by feeding practices. cows and buffaloes are fed prepared rations and had highest incidence of afm(1). camels forage freely on available pasture and had lowest afm(1) in their milk. goats are fed a combination of prepared ration as a supplement to pasture grazing. most milks (80%, 74%, 66% and 52% of the camel, goat, cow and buffalo mi ... | 2009 | 19710995 |
| the distribution of hyalomma spp. ticks from domestic ruminants in iran. | the distribution of hyalomma species on domestic animals was studied in four zoogeoghraphical zones. nine hundred and ninety-two hyalomma ticks were collected from sheep, goats, cattle and camels. a total of seven tick species consisting of: hyalomma anatolicum koch, 1844 (28.93%), h. excavatum koch, 1844 (12.5%), h. asiaticum schulze & schlottke, 1930 (13.5%), h. marginatum koch, 1844 (27.01%), h. detritum schulze, 1919 (9.67%), h. schulzei olenev, 1931 (4.03%) and h. dromedary koch, 1844 (4.33 ... | 2009 | 19712158 |
| dual behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate as enhancer or suppressor of insulin aggregation and chaperone-like activity of camel alphas(1)-casein. | sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) at low concentrations considerably enhanced insulin aggregation and reduced the chaperone-like activity of purified camel alphas(1)-casein (alphas(1)-cn). these observed changes were the result of repulsive electrostatic interactions between both negative charged head groups of sds and alphas(1)-cn, and the net negative charge of insulin molecules, resulting in the greater exposure of hydrophobic patches of insulin and its enhanced aggregation. in contrast, enhanced ... | 2009 | 19723533 |
| genetic variability of antigen b among echinococcus granulosus egyptian isolates. | genetic polymorphisms of encoding antigen b2 gene (agb2) in echinococcus granulosus were studied using pcr-rflp and dna sequencing among 20 egyptian isolates. five isolates from different host origins (humans, camels, pigs, and sheep) were collected and used. all examined isolates of each host group gave very similar patterns of pcr-rflp after restriction enzyme digestion with alui, with the gene size of approximately 140 bp and 240 bp for sheep and human isolates, and approximately 150 bp and 2 ... | 2009 | 19724699 |
| tobacco industry lifestyle magazines targeted to young adults. | this is the first study describing the tobacco industry's objectives developing and publishing lifestyle magazines, linking them to tobacco marketing strategies, and how these magazines may encourage smoking. | 2009 | 19699423 |
| identification of potent nanobodies to neutralize the most poisonous polypeptide from scorpion venom. | scorpion venom, containing highly toxic, small polypeptides that diffuse rapidly within the patient, causes serious medical problems. nanobodies, single-domain antigen-binding fragments derived from dromedary heavy-chain antibodies, have a size that closely matches that of scorpion toxins. therefore these nanobodies might be developed into potent immunotherapeutics to treat scorpion envenoming. multiple nanobodies of sub-nanomolar affinity to aahii, the most toxic polypeptide within the androcto ... | 2009 | 19732033 |
| pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (pag) family: transcripts and gene amplicons in camelids. | in this study, the placental localization of pag-like transcripts and genomic existence of pag-like amplicons in new-world (lp, lama pacos, alpaca) and old-world camelids (cb, camelus bactrianus, bactrian; cd, camelus dromedarius; dromedary) are reported for the first time. sections of lp (150-347 days post coitum), cd (43-90 cm crown-rump length) and cb (term) placentas were used for heterologous (ht; cross-species) autoradiographic in situ hybridization (aish) with single-stranded diagnostic ( ... | 2009 | 19734952 |
| crystal structure and function of a darpin neutralizing inhibitor of lactococcal phage tp901-1: comparison of darpin and camelid vhh binding mode. | combinatorial libraries of designed ankyrin repeat proteins (darpins) have been proven to be a valuable source of specific binding proteins, as they can be expressed at very high levels and are very stable. we report here the selection of darpins directed against a macromolecular multiprotein complex, the baseplate bppuxbppl complex of the lactococcal phage tp901-1. using ribosome display, we selected several darpins that bound specifically to the tip of the receptor-binding protein (rbp, the bp ... | 2009 | 19740746 |
| the emsb tandemly repeated multilocus microsatellite: a new tool to investigate genetic diversity of echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. | cystic echinococcosis (ce) is a widespread and severe zoonotic disease caused by infection with the larval stage of the eucestode echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. the polymorphism exhibited by nuclear and mitochondrial markers conventionally used for the genotyping of different parasite species and strains does not reach the level necessary for the identification of genetic variants linked to restricted geographical areas. emsb is a tandemly repeated multilocus microsatellite that proved its ... | 2009 | 19741078 |
| (1)h, (13)c and (15)n assignments of a camelid nanobody directed against human alpha-synuclein. | nanobodies are single chain antibodies that are uniquely produced in camelidae, e.g. camels and llamas. they have the desirable features of small sizes (mw < 14 kda) and high affinities against antigens (kd approximately nm), making them ideal as structural probes for biomedically relevant motifs both in vitro and in vivo. we have previously shown that nanobody binding to amyloidogenic human lysozyme variants can effectively inhibit their aggregation, the process that is at the origin of systemi ... | 2009 | 19763886 |
| intracellular expression of a single domain antibody reduces cytotoxicity of 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol in yeast. | 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-acdon) is a low molecular weight sesquiterpenoid trichothecene mycotoxin associated with fusarium ear rot of maize and fusarium head blight of small grain cereals. the accumulation of mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (don) and 15-acdon within harvested grain is subject to stringent regulation as both toxins pose dietary health risks to humans and animals. these toxins inhibit peptidyltransferase activity, which in turn limits eukaryotic protein synthesis. to assess t ... | 2009 | 19783651 |
| room-temperature ionic liquids: excluded volume and ion polarizability effects in the electrical double-layer structure and capacitance. | we study structures of room-temperature ionic liquids at electrified interfaces and the corresponding electrical double-layer capacities using a self-consistent mean-field theory. ionic liquids are modeled as segmented dendrimers and the effective dielectric constant is calculated from the local distribution of ions to accommodate the excluded volume and the local dielectric screening effects. the resulting camel-shaped capacitance curve is further analyzed in terms of the thickness of alternati ... | 2009 | 19792400 |
| lamanema chavezi (nematoda: molineidae): epidemiological data of the infection in south american camelids of northwest argentina. | faecal samples from llamas (n=708), vicuñas (n=171) and guanacos (n=4) were obtained between december 2004 and may 2009 in three provinces of northwest argentina (jujuy, salta and catamarca) to know the distribution, prevalence and intensity of lamanema chavezi infection in these south american camelid species (sacs). faeces were examined by a sedimentation-flotation technique using a cl(2)zn+clna solution (specific gravity=1.59). eggs of l. chavezi occurred in 30.3% of 89 llama herds and in 18. ... | 2009 | 19819627 |
| a one-step exclusion-binding procedure for the purification of functional heavy-chain and mammalian-type gamma-globulins from camelid sera. | a new approach has recently been proposed for the purification of 'mammalian-type' igg, consisting of exclusion binding. the technique uses a gel ('melon gel'; pierce) that binds to all plasma proteins, but not to iggs, thus allowing iggs to be recovered in the ft (flow-through) fraction. here, the technique was applied to camelid iggs, which are known to be composed of not only classic mammalian-type iggs (igg1) but also hc-iggs (heavy chain iggs). both mammalian type and hc-iggs can be purifie ... | 2009 | 19824883 |
| development and application of a universal hemoplasma screening assay based on the sybr green pcr principle. | hemotropic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are the causative agents of infectious anemia in several mammalian species. their zoonotic potential has recently been substantiated by the identification of a feline hemoplasma isolate in an immunocompromised human patient. although species-specific diagnostic molecular methods have been developed, their application as screening tools is limited due to the species diversity of hemoplasmas. the goals of this study were to develop a universal hemoplasma screen ... | 2009 | 19828748 |
| life cycle of sarcocystis camelicanis infecting the camel (camelus dromedarius) and the dog (canis familiaris), light and electron microscopic study. | in the present study, the heteroxeneous life cycle of sarcocystis sp. infecting camels were studied. a total of 180 slaughtered camels collected from different localities in egypt were investigated for sarcocysts. only 116 animals were found to be infected (the infection rate was 64%). muscle samples of esophagus, diaphragm, tongue, skeletal, and heart muscles were examined. exclusively, microscopic sarcocysts were detected in all examined organs. the infection rates of the esophagus, diaphragm, ... | 2009 | 19838733 |
| beneficial effect of camel milk in diabetic nephropathy. | diabetic nephropathy is originally microvascular in nature and is widely considered an important complication of diabetes. the present study was carried out to determine the efficacy of camel milk in controlling diabetic nephropathy. twenty-four type-1 diabetic patients were randomly recruited from the outpatient diabetic clinic in pbm hospital, bikaner, india. all subjects gave their written consent before participation in the study. patients with any acute metabolic complications were not incl ... | 2009 | 19848050 |
| effects of heat on camel platelet structure and function--a comparative study with humans. | 2009 | 19852694 | |
| the cost-utility analysis of the best trial: is a camel in fact a horse with abnormalities in the distribution of dorsal fat? comment on the article by van den hout et al. | 2009 | 19877096 | |
| multiple rare variants as a cause of a common phenotype: several different lactase persistence associated alleles in a single ethnic group. | persistence of intestinal lactase into adulthood allows humans to use milk from other mammals as a source of food and water. this genetic trait has arisen by convergent evolution and the derived alleles of at least three different single nucleotide polymorphisms (-13910c>t, -13915t>g, -14010g>c) are associated with lactase persistence in different populations. each allele occurs on an extended haplotype, consistent with positive directional selection. the snps are located in an 'enhancer' sequen ... | 2009 | 19937006 |
| engineered ch2 domains (nanoantibodies). | currently, almost all fda approved therapeutic antibodies (except reopro, lucentis and cimzia which are fabs), and the vast majority of those in clinical trials are full-size antibodies mostly in igg1 format of about 150 kda size. a fundamental problem for such large molecules is their poor penetration into tissues (e.g., solid tumors) and poor or absent binding to regions on the surface of some molecules (e.g., on the hiv envelope glycoprotein) which are fully accessible only by molecules of sm ... | 2009 | 20046570 |
| detection of g1 genotype of human cystic echinococcosis in egypt. | the first trial to detect g1 genotype in egyptian human isolates of hydatid cysts (hc) and serum samples to approach diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (ce) using human sera by pcr. using strain specific primers, 27/36 confirmed ce patients (75%) showed g1 specific band in their sera at 254 bp. specificity was 100% without detecting bands for either other parasitosis, or mass occupying lesions. using pcr, g1 genotype was detected in 83.3% of hc samples, without significant difference between typ ... | 2009 | 20120739 |
| characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the one humped camel milk produced in morocco. | one hundred and twenty (120) strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) were enumerated and isolated from raw dromedary milk in morocco using various cultured media. strains isolated were characterized by phenotypic, physiological and biochemical properties. results showed that high counts of lab were found. presumptive lactobacilli counts ranged from 2.5x10(2) to 6x10(7)cfu/ml, presumptive lactococci levels varied from 5x10(2) to 6x10(7)cfu/ml, presumptive streptococci counts varied from 4.2x10(2) t ... | 2009 | 17187971 |
| effects of camel thorn distillate on recurrent oral aphthous lesions. | near 20 % of people suffer from recurrent oral aphthous ulcers. these painful ulcers are found on the oral mucosa. we conducted this study to evaluate the effect of the camel thorn distillate on this condition. | 2010 | 20136677 |
| a molecular survey of cystic echinococcosis in sudan. | a survey of cystic echinococcosis in livestock was conducted from may 2001 to july 2003 in central, western and southern sudan. hydatid cysts were present in 59% (466/779) of camels, 6% (299/4893) of cattle, 11% (1180/10,422) of sheep and 2% (106/5565) of goats, with little variation among different geographical areas. 532 of these cysts were examined by pcr and could be overwhelmingly (98.7%) allocated to echinococcus canadensis g6/7 (all of 215 cysts from camels, 112 of 114 cysts from cattle, ... | 2010 | 20138433 |
| a single-domain llama antibody potently inhibits the enzymatic activity of botulinum neurotoxin by binding to the non-catalytic alpha-exosite binding region. | ingestion or inhalation of botulinum neurotoxin (bont) results in botulism, a severe and frequently fatal disease. current treatments rely on antitoxins, which, while effective, cannot reverse symptoms once bont has entered the neuron. for treatments that can reverse intoxication, interest has focused on developing inhibitors of the enzymatic bont light chain (bont lc). such inhibitors typically mimic substrate and bind in or around the substrate cleavage pocket. to explore the full range of bin ... | 2010 | 20138889 |
| a llama-derived gelsolin single-domain antibody blocks gelsolin-g-actin interaction. | rna interference has tremendously advanced our understanding of gene function but recent reports have exposed undesirable side-effects. recombinant camelid single-domain antibodies (vhhs) provide an attractive means for studying protein function without affecting gene expression. we raised vhhs against gelsolin (gsnvhhs), a multifunctional actin-binding protein that controls cellular actin organization and migration. gsnvhh-induced delocalization of gelsolin to mitochondria or the nucleus in mam ... | 2010 | 20140750 |
| getting a camel through the eye of a needle: the import of folded proteins by peroxisomes. | peroxisomes are a family of organelles which have many unusual features. they can arise de novo from the endoplasmic reticulum by a still poorly characterized process, yet possess a unique machinery for the import of their matrix proteins. as peroxisomes lack dna, their function, which is highly variable and dependent on developmental and/or environmental conditions, is determined by the post-translational import of specific metabolic enzymes in folded or oligomeric states. the two classes of ma ... | 2010 | 20146669 |
| evaluating oral noncombustible potential-reduced exposure products for smokers. | potential-reduced exposure products (preps) are marketed as a way for smokers to continue using tobacco while possibly lessening their tobacco toxicant intake. some tobacco-based preps are combustible and intended to be smoked, while others are noncombustible and intended to be administered orally (e.g., camel snus [cs] tobacco sachets and ariva tobacco tablets). the ability of these noncombustible preps to reduce smokers' exposure to cigarette-delivered toxicants and suppress tobacco abstinence ... | 2010 | 20159791 |
| evaluating the effectiveness of different treatments of uterine infections in female camels (camelus dromedarius). | a total of 480 female camels with a history of conception failure were examined through transrectal palpation, ultrasonography, and vaginal exploration. animals were categorized according to parity (nulliparous n=200 vs. multiparous n=280), and type of uterine infection (endometritis n=360 vs. metritis n=120). they were randomly assigned to receive one of three intrauterine treatments: (i) 100ml acriflavin 0.1% (group 1, n=170), (ii) 100ml lotagen 4% (group 2, n=200), or (iii) 300mg/100ml gentam ... | 2010 | 20172597 |
| improvement of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of camel and bovine whey proteins by limited proteolysis. | the compositions and structures of bovine and camel milk proteins are different, which define their functional and biological properties. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis of camel and bovine whey proteins (wps) on their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. after enzymatic treatment, both the antioxidant and the antimicrobial activities of bovine and camel wps were improved. the significantly higher antioxidant activity of camel wps and their hydro ... | 2010 | 20175528 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from raw camel, beef, lamb, and goat meat in iran. | campylobacter spp. are one of the most common causes of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in human beings which are transmitted mostly via food originating from animals. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. isolated from retail raw meats in iran. from june 2008 to june 2009, a total of 722 raw meat samples from camel (n = 107), beef (n = 190), lamb (n = 225), and goat (n = 180) were purchased from randomly selected retail outlets i ... | 2010 | 20184450 |
| use of a constant rate infusion of insulin for the treatment of hyperglycemic, hypernatremic, hyperosmolar syndrome in an alpaca cria. | a 3-day-old 9.5-kg (21-lb) female alpaca cria was examined because of lethargy and anorexia. | 2010 | 20187822 |
| non-genetic factors influencing reproductive traits and calving weight in saudi camels. | reproductive traits and calving weight were assessed in saudi camels, and non-genetic factors influencing them were studied using data collected at al jouf centre from 1987 to 2009. age at first conception, age at first calving, open period, calving interval, gestation length and weight at calving of camels averaged 42.3 months, 54.8 months, 10.6 months, 22.6 months, 377.5 days and 591.9 kg, respectively. a mixed model including the camel as a random effect was used to assess the effect of envir ... | 2010 | 20195755 |
| protein expression in platelets from six species that differ in their open canalicular system. | platelets contain an invaginated, tubular membranous structure called the surface-connected open canalicular system (sccs or ocs), which is contiguous with the plasma membrane and serves as a site for granule fusion and as a reservoir of membrane for platelet spreading. according to ultrastructural studies, platelets from some species lack ocs. in an attempt to correlate biochemical and functional attributes with the presence of an ocs, platelets from human, mouse and dog (ocs(+)), and from cow, ... | 2010 | 20196629 |
| anticancer effects of camel peptide. | this study analyzed whether therapy with camel, an antimicrobial peptide (kwklfkkigavlkvl), possess anticancer benefits. although the peptide was cytotoxic for all the cell lines tested, it did not cause hemolysis, which suggests that camel does not damage cell membranes. after cellular internalization, camel localized to mitochondria and lowered the mitochondrial potential, resulting in the organelles' swelling, a decrease in cellular atp level and, finally, cellular breakdown. high mobility gr ... | 2010 | 20212453 |
| a preliminary investigation of the efficacy of riparian fencing schemes for reducing contributions from eroding channel banks to the siltation of salmonid spawning gravels across the south west uk. | the low productivity of salmonids in many river systems across the uk is testament to their intolerance of water quality perturbations including those associated with excessive sedimentation. catchment and fishery managers concerned with combating such issues require reliable information on the key sources of the sediment problem to target management and on the efficacy of the mitigation options being implemented. in recognition of the latter requirement, a pre- and post-remediation sediment sou ... | 2010 | 20223585 |
| camel no. 9 cigarette-marketing campaign targeted young teenage girls. | the 1998 master settlement agreement (msa) restricted tobacco industry advertising practices that targeted teens. | 2010 | 20231181 |
| purification and functional characterization of a camelid-like single-domain antimycotic antibody by engineering in affinity tag. | single-domain single-chain variable fragment (scfv) antibody is sometimes critical for purification using affinity tagging strategy. we failed in our initial effort to purify a prematurely developed camelid-like e-tagged short scfv-k2 antibody that contained a complete variable region of the heavy chain and partial region of the light chain by using an anti-e-tag affinity column. to expedite the purification of this altered but interesting antimycotic agent, we replaced a long and large e-tag by ... | 2010 | 20060473 |
| in vitro maturation of dromedary (camelus dromedarius) oocytes: effect of different protein supplementations and epidermal growth factor*. | the present experiment was aimed to compare the effect of different protein supplementation sources, foetal calf serum (fcs), oestrous dromedary serum (eds) and bsa, in experiment 1, and the effect of different concentrations of epidermal growth factor (egf), in experiment 2, on in vitro nuclear maturation of the dromedary oocytes. cumulus oocyte complexes (cocs) were harvested from the ovaries collected from a local slaughterhouse by aspirating the visible follicles in pbs supplemented with 5% ... | 2010 | 20088850 |
| a v h h that neutralizes the zinc metalloproteinase activity of botulinum neurotoxin type a. | the current treatment of botulism is to administer animal-derived antitoxin, which frequently causes severe adverse reactions in the recipients. in this study, a heavy chain antibody fragment (vh/v(h)h) phage display library was constructed by amplification of the immunoglobulin genes of a nonimmune camel, camelus dromedarius, using primers specific to human vh gene segments. a recombinant light chain of type a botulinum toxin, botxa/lc, with zinc endoprotease activity was used in phage bio-pann ... | 2010 | 20093370 |
| camel cocktail sausage and its physicochemical and sensory quality. | the objective of this study was to compare the nutritional values of camel semitendinosus muscles with those of calves. then, sausages were made from camel meat, beef and equal proportions of each and stored at 4 degrees c for 45 days. the composition, physicochemical characteristics, sensory properties, and microstructure of the samples were evaluated. the proximate composition of meat from the two species was significantly different. beef contained a significantly higher amount of vitamin e, w ... | 2010 | 20095913 |
| blocking of pseudomonas aeruginosa and chromobacterium violaceum lectins by diverse mammalian milks. | pseudomonas aeruginosa and chromobacterium violaceum morbid and mortal infections are initiated by bacterial adherence to host-cell receptors via their adhesins, including lectins (which also contribute to bacterial biofilm formation). pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a galactophilic lectin, pa-il (leca), and a fucophilic (lewis-specific) lectin, pa-iil (lecb), and c. violaceum produces a fucophilic (h-specific) lectin, cv-iil. the antibiotic resistance of these bacteria prompted the search for g ... | 2010 | 20105519 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) test for detection of trypanosoma evansi strain b. | camel trypanosomiasis (surra) is mainly caused by trypanosoma evansi strains that express variable surface glycoprotein (vsg) rotat 1.2. however, in kenya a second causative strain that does not express rotat 1.2 vsg (t. evansi type b) has been identified. the prevalence of t. evansi type b largely remains unknown due to inadequate diagnostic assay. this work reports the development of a sensitive and specific diagnostic assay capable of detecting t. evansi type b based on the strategy of loop-m ... | 2010 | 20109454 |
| camel bite, an unusual mechanism of severe head injury. | 2010 | 20118794 | |
| expression and sequence of cyp1a1 in the camel. | in this study, we determined a partial sequence of cyp1a1 in the camel and its phylogenetic position. the deduced amino acid sequence of camel cyp1a1 showed the highest identity 94% with those of sheep and cattle cyp1a1. in a phylogenetic analysis, the camel cyp1a1 isoform was located beside sheep and cattle cyp1a1. when we studied the distribution of camel cyp1a1 mrna in different tissues, we found that this isoform was expressed in all tissues except the hump. interestingly, the lungs of all t ... | 2010 | 19940392 |
| effector functions of camelid heavy-chain antibodies in immunity to west nile virus. | three classes of igg have been described for camelids. igg1 has a conventional four-chain structure, while igg2 and igg3 do not incorporate light chains. the structures and antigen-binding affinities of the so-called heavy-chain classes have been studied in detail; however, their regulation and effector functions are largely undefined. the aim of this study was to examine the participation of conventional and heavy-chain igg antibodies in the camelid immune defense directed against west nile vir ... | 2010 | 19955323 |
| high mitochondrial differentiation levels between wild and domestic bactrian camels: a basis for rapid detection of maternal hybridization. | hybridization between wild species and their domestic congeners often threatens the gene pool of the wild species. the last wild bactrian camel (camelus ferus) populations in mongolia and china are examples of populations facing such a hybridization threat. to address this key issue in the conservation of wild camels, we analysed wild, hybrid and domestic bactrian camels (camelus bactrianus) originating from mongolia, china and austria. through screening of an 804-base-pair mitochondrial fragmen ... | 2010 | 19968638 |
| automatic semantic priming abnormalities in schizophrenia. | abnormal activation of semantic networks characterizes schizophrenia and can be studied using the n400 event-related potential (erp). n400 is elicited by words that are not primed by the preceding context and provides a direct measure of the neural mechanisms underlying semantic priming. semantic priming refers to facilitated semantic processing gained through pre-exposure to semantic context, which can happen automatically if the interval between the prime and target is very short. we predicted ... | 2010 | 19995582 |
| echinococcus granulosus genotypes in livestock of iran indicating high frequency of g1 genotype in camels. | in this study, 112 echinococcus granulosus isolates from different livestock of iran were genotyped by pcr amplification of ribosomal dna-internal transcribed spacer 1 (rdna-its1) region followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) with the enzyme rsai. the possibility of intra-genotype variation was also investigated using randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. isolates from sheep, goats, cattle and the majority of camels (12 of 18; 66.7%) were identified as the g1 g ... | 2010 | 20004194 |
| multiple diverse circoviruses infect farm animals and are commonly found in human and chimpanzee feces. | circoviruses are known to infect birds and pigs and can cause a wide range of severe symptoms with significant economic impact. using viral metagenomics, we identified circovirus-like dna sequences and characterized 15 circular viral dna genomes in stool samples from humans in pakistan, nigeria, tunisia, and the united states and from wild chimpanzees. distinct genomic features and phylogenetic analysis indicate that some viral genomes were part of a previously unrecognized genus in the circovir ... | 2010 | 20007276 |
| anti-diabetic effect of camel milk in alloxan-induced diabetic dogs: a dose-response experiment. | this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of camel milk in alloxan-induced diabetic dogs and to follow this effect at three doses of milk. firstly, three groups of dogs were used: two groups composed each of four diabetic dogs and receiving raw camel milk (treatment 1) or cow milk (treatment 2), and four healthy dogs getting raw camel milk (treatment 3) were used as control. each animal was treated with 500 ml of milk daily. secondly, we compared the effects of three amounts of camel milk: ... | 2010 | 19906135 |
| test marketing of new smokeless tobacco products in four u.s. cities. | this exploratory study was designed to assess the availability, price, and point-of-purchase marketing strategies for new smokeless tobacco products in 4 test market areas. | 2010 | 19917598 |
| genomic tandem repeat analysis proves laboratory-acquired brucellosis in veterinary (camel) diagnostic laboratory in the united arab emirates. | we report a case of a 64-year-old veterinarian working in a state camel veterinary laboratory who was diagnosed with and treated for acute brucellosis with complicating epididymo-orchitis. genomic tandem repeat analysis (mlva-16) revealed identical brucella strains in patient cultures and from different dromedary milk samples positive for brucella melitensis, thereby confirming the diagnosis of a laboratory acquired infection. the case illustrates the high (airborne) infectivity of brucellosis i ... | 2010 | 19925579 |
| comparative study on heat stability of camel and bovine apo and holo alpha-lactalbumin. | the stability of camel alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-la) against heat denaturation was measured, using circular dichroism (cd) and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as differential scanning calorimetry (dsc). the experiments were performed in the presence of saturating concentrations of calcium as well as in the presence of edta, yielding to the apo form of alpha-la. the change in heat capacity (deltacp) suggests a greater contribution of hydrophobic interactions to the stability of holo camel alpha ... | 2010 | 19930756 |
| camelimonas lactis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the milk of camels. | three strains of gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria (m 2040(t), m 1973 and m 1878-sk2), isolated from milk of camels at a camel-milk production farm in the united arab emirates, were investigated for their taxonomic allocation. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarities, all three strains were shown to belong to the alphaproteobacteria and were most closely related to chelatococcus asaccharovorans and chelatococcus daeguensis (95.1 and 95.2 % sequence similarity to th ... | 2010 | 19933583 |
| isolation of antigen-binding camelid heavy chain antibody fragments (nanobodies) from an immune library displayed on the surface of pichia pastoris. | yeast surface display is an efficient tool for isolating and engineering antibody fragments, both scfv and fab. we describe the use of protein display on pichia pastoris for the rapid selection of camelid antibodies composed only of heavy chains (nanobodies) from a library derived from a llama immunized with green fluorescent protein. the library of nanobody-coding sequences was fused to the c-terminal part of the saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-agglutinin gene (sag1) and expressed in glycoengine ... | 2010 | 19861136 |
| high-level expression of camelid nanobodies in nicotiana benthamiana. | nanobodies (or vhhs) are single-domain antigen-binding fragments derived from camelid heavy chain-only antibodies. their small size, monomeric behaviour, high stability and solubility, and ability to bind epitopes not accessible to conventional antibodies make them especially suitable for many therapeutic and biotechnological applications. here we describe high-level expression, in nicotiana benthamiana, of three versions of an anti-hen egg white lysozyme (hewl) nanobody which include the origin ... | 2010 | 19862637 |
| trypanosoma evansi infection in mainland spain. | an outbreak of trypanosoma evansi infection that occurred in mainland spain is described. the outbreak occurred on an equine and camel farm to which dromedary camels from an infected area of the canary islands had recently been introduced. one of these camels developed clinical signs and t. evansi was discovered in a blood smear examination. the herd was evaluated in order to determine the extent of the disease. the results showed that 76% of the camels, 35% of the donkeys and 2% of the horses w ... | 2010 | 19864069 |
| apoptosis in the myocardium of the adult dromedary camel: ultrastructural characterization. | apoptosis is a highly regulated mode of cell death that occurs in the absence of inflammation. light microscopic (lm) examination of the myocardium of apparently healthy camel did not reveal evidence of apoptosis in any samples; however, evidence of apoptosis was apparent by transmission electron microscopy (tem). the most common apoptotic features observed by tem included (1) an intact sarcolemma with some bleb formation; (2) nuclear chromatin condensation and margination with nucleolar disrupt ... | 2010 | 19874275 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of camels (camelus dromedaries). | this study aimed to investigate the occurrence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in camels in sudan. a total of 272 camel lung specimens showing pneumonia were collected from slaughter houses at four different areas in sudan, additionally 8 specimens were collected from outbreaks of respiratory infection in camels. using sandwich elisa kits for rsv antigen detection 4 out of 280 tested lungs (1.4%) were positive, all were from central sudan (tambool slaughter house). fat was used t ... | 2010 | 19840769 |
| orally administered l. lactis secreting an anti-tnf nanobody demonstrate efficacy in chronic colitis. | inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disorder. systemic treatment of ibd patients with anti-tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha antibodies has proven to be a highly promising approach, but several drawbacks remain, including side effects related to systemic administration and high cost of treatment. lactococcus lactis was engineered to secrete monovalent and bivalent murine (m)tnf-neutralizing nanobodies as therapeutic proteins. these therapeutic proteins are ... | 2010 | 19794409 |
| production of the first cloned camel by somatic cell nuclear transfer. | in this study, we demonstrate the use of somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce the first cloned camelid, a dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) belonging to the family camelidae. donor karyoplasts were obtained from adult skin fibroblasts, cumulus cells, or fetal fibroblasts, and in vivo-matured oocytes, obtained from preovulatory follicles of superstimulated female camels by transvaginal ultrasound guided ovum pick-up, were used as cytoplasts. reconstructed embryos were cultured in vitro fo ... | 2010 | 19812298 |
| hormonal, biochemical, and hematological profiles in female camels (camelus dromedarius) affected with reproductive disorders. | the aim of this study was to assess the blood profiles in female camels affected with common reproductive disorders. estradiol-17beta (e(2)), progesterone (p(4)), thyroxin (t(4)), zinc (zn), copper (cu), calcium (ca), phosphorus (p), magnesium (mg), cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin, hematocrite, and total and differential white blood cell counts (wbc) were determined in blood of female camels affected with endometritis (n=15), vaginal adhesions (n=15), and ov ... | 2010 | 19815355 |
| occurrence of aflatoxin m1 in raw milk of five dairy species in ahvaz, iran. | during november 2007 to december 2008, 311 samples of raw milk from cow, water buffalo, camel, sheep, and goat were collected in the ahvaz (southwest iran). all of the samples were analyzed for presence of aflatoxin m1 (afm1) by competitive elisa technique. afm1 was found in 42.1% of the samples by average concentration of 43.3+/-43.8 ng/kg. the incidence rates of afm1 in raw cow, water buffalo, camel, sheep, and goat milks were, 78.7%, 38.7%, 12.5%, 37.3%, and 27.1%, respectively. the concentra ... | 2010 | 19786054 |