Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| morphometric and molecular characterization of the species of uncinaria frölich, 1789 (nematoda) parasitic in the australian fur seal arctocephalus pusillus doriferus (schreber), with notes on hookworms in three other pinniped hosts. | this study presents morphological and molecular data on hookworms from the australian fur seal arctocephalus pusillus doriferus (schreber) currently identified in australian waters as uncinaria hamiltoni baylis, 1933. additional specimens from the australian sea lion neophoca cinerea (péron) and the new zealand fur seal arctocephalus forsteri (lesson) from australia, and the southern elephant seal mirounga leonina (linnaeus) from antarctica, were included. using the internal transcribed spacer ( ... | 2013 | 23595493 |
| plague gives surprises in the first decade of the 21st century in the united states and worldwide. | plague is an ancient disease caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis and transmitted by rodent flea bites that continues to surprise us with first-ever events. this review documents plague in human cases in the 1st decade of the 21st century and updates our knowledge of clinical manifestations, transmission during outbreaks, diagnostic testing, antimicrobial treatment, and vaccine development. in the united states, 57 persons were reported to have the disease, of which seven died. worldwide, 21, ... | 2013 | 24043686 |
| description, microhabitat selection and infection patterns of sealworm larvae (pseudoterranova decipiens species complex, nematoda: ascaridoidea) in fishes from patagonia, argentina. | third-stage larvae of the pseudoterranova decipiens species complex (also known as sealworms) have been reported in at least 40 marine fish species belonging to 21 families and 10 orders along the south american coast. sealworms are a cause for concern because they can infect humans who consume raw or undercooked fish. however, despite their economic and zoonotic importance, morphological and molecular characterization of species of pseudoterranova in south america is still scarce. | 2013 | 23988009 |
| review of the diagnosis of tuberculosis in non-bovid wildlife species using immunological methods--an update of published work since 2009. | the infection of both captive and free-ranging wildlife species with pathogenic mycobacteria (including mycobacterium tuberculosis) poses a zoonotic risk and continues to cause challenges for the livestock industry, zoos and governments around the world. central to the management and control of tuberculosis is timely and accurate diagnosis. in many cases, bacterial culture is insufficiently sensitive and confirmation of tb post-mortem is neither feasible nor desirable. in this context, there is ... | 2013 | 24171845 |
| digenetic trematodes in south american sea lions from southern brazilian waters. | the aim of this work was to perform a systematic study to detect and quantify the digenetic trematode infections in south american sea lions from the southern brazilian coast. twenty-four south american sea lions, otaria flavescens (carnivora: otaridae), were found dead along the coast of rio grande do sul state, brazil, between june 2010 and september of 2011. two trematode species were found in the intestines of o. flavescens, i.e., stephanoprora uruguayense (digenea: echinostomatidae) and asc ... | 2013 | 23421418 |
| toxoplasma gondii, source to sea: higher contribution of domestic felids to terrestrial parasite loading despite lower infection prevalence. | environmental transmission of toxoplasma gondii, a global zoonotic parasite, adversely impacts human and animal health. toxoplasma is a significant cause of mortality in threatened southern sea otters, which serve as sentinels for disease threats to people and animals in coastal environments. as wild and domestic felids are the only recognized hosts capable of shedding toxoplasma oocysts into the environment, otter infection suggests land-to-sea pathogen transmission. to assess relative contribu ... | 2013 | 24048652 |
| an outbreak of lethal adenovirus infection among different otariid species. | an outbreak of fatal fulminant hepatitis at a japanese aquarium involved 3 otariids: a california sea lion (zalophus californianus), a south african fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus) and a south american sea lion (otaria flavescens). in a span of about a week in february 2012, 3 otariids showed diarrhea and were acutely low-spirited; subsequently, all three animals died within a period of 3 days. markedly increased aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase activities were observe ... | 2013 | 23643878 |
| the first report of otarine herpesvirus-1-associated urogenital carcinoma in a south american fur seal (arctocephalus australis). | otarine herpesvirus (othv)-1-associated urogenital carcinoma has been well documented in the california sea lion (zalophus californianus, csl), but this is the first report of this tumour in a captive south american fur seal (arctocephalus australis, safs). the gross and microscopical morphology of the tumour in the safs was identical to that described previously in csls and the tumour in the present case had metastasized within the urogenital tract and draining lymph nodes and to the lungs and ... | 2013 | 23218410 |
| the mirna world of polyomaviruses. | polyomaviruses are a family of non-enveloped dna viruses infecting several species, including humans, primates, birds, rodents, bats, horse, cattle, raccoon and sea lion. they typically cause asymptomatic infection and establish latency but can be reactivated under certain conditions causing severe diseases. micrornas (mirnas) are small non-coding rnas that play important roles in several cellular processes by binding to and inhibiting the translation of specific mrna transcripts. in this review ... | 2013 | 23984639 |
| estimation of male gene flow from measures of nuclear and female genetic differentiation. | an approach is provided to estimate male gene flow and the ratio of male to female gene flow, given that there are estimates of diploid, nuclear gene flow and haploid, female gene flow. this approach can be applied to estimates of differentiation (f st ) from biparentally and maternally inherited markers, assuming the equilibrium island model and equal effective numbers of males and females. corrections to formulas used previously for california sea lions (gonzález-suárez m, flatz r, aurioles-ga ... | 2013 | 23894193 |
| moving to stay in place: behavioral mechanisms for coexistence of african large carnivores. | most ecosystems have multiple predator species that not only compete for shared prey, but also pose direct threats to each other. these intraguild interactions are key drivers of carnivore community structure, with ecosystem-wide cascading effects. yet, behavioral mechanisms for coexistence of multiple carnivore species remain poorly understood. the challenges of studying large, free-ranging carnivores have resulted in mainly coarse-scale examination of behavioral strategies without information ... | 2013 | 24400513 |
| risk avoidance in sympatric large carnivores: reactive or predictive? | 1. risks of predation or interference competition are major factors shaping the distribution of species. an animal's response to risk can either be reactive, to an immediate risk, or predictive, based on preceding risk or past experiences. the manner in which animals respond to risk is key in understanding avoidance, and hence coexistence, between interacting species. 2. we investigated whether cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus), known to be affected by predation and competition by lions (panthera leo) ... | 2013 | 23692142 |
| comparison of the effects of artificial and natural barriers on large african carnivores: implications for interspecific relationships and connectivity. | 1. physical barriers contribute to habitat fragmentation, influence species distribution and ranging behaviour, and impact long-term population viability. barrier permeability varies among species and can potentially impact the competitive balance within animal communities by differentially affecting co-occurring species. the influence of barriers on the spatial distribution of species within whole communities has nonetheless received little attention. 2. during a 4-year period, we studied the i ... | 2013 | 23402594 |
| determinants of persistence and tolerance of carnivores on namibian ranches: implications for conservation on southern african private lands. | changing land use patterns in southern africa have potential to dramatically alter the prospects for carnivore conservation. understanding these influences is essential for conservation planning. we interviewed 250 ranchers in namibia to assess human tolerance towards and the distribution of large carnivores. cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus), leopards (panthera pardus) and brown hyaenas (hyaena brunnea) were widely distributed on namibian farmlands, spotted hyaenas (crocuta crocuta) had a narrower di ... | 2013 | 23326333 |
| linking reproduction and survival can improve model estimates of vital rates derived from limited time-series counts of pinnipeds and other species. | we propose a method to model the physiological link between somatic survival and reproductive output that reduces the number of parameters that need to be estimated by models designed to determine combinations of birth and death rates that produce historic counts of animal populations. we applied our reproduction and somatic survival linked (rssl) method to the population counts of three species of north pacific pinnipeds (harbor seals, phoca vitulina richardii (gray, 1864); northern fur seals, ... | 2013 | 24324541 |
| ecological, morphological, and molecular studies of acanthocheilonema odendhali (nematoda: filarioidea) in northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) on st. paul island, alaska. | studies of northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus linnaeus, 1758) infection by the filariid nematode acanthocheilonema odendhali were carried out in 2011-2012 on st. paul island, pribilof archipelago, alaska. skins of 502 humanely harvested northern fur seals from haul-out areas of five rookeries, polovina (n = 122), morjovi (n = 54), zapadni (n = 72), lukanin (n = 109), and gorbatch (n = 145), were examined. a. odendhali was found in 18% of northern fur seals. the prevalence of infection ranged ... | 2013 | 23760875 |
| a retrospective survey of the ocular histopathology of the pinniped eye with emphasis on corneal disease. | a retrospective review of globes from 70 pinnipeds submitted to the comparative ocular pathology laboratory of wisconsin (coplow) describing the type and frequency of ocular disease. | 2013 | 22812701 |
| individual foraging strategies reveal niche overlap between endangered galapagos pinnipeds. | most competition studies between species are conducted from a population-level approach. few studies have examined inter-specific competition in conjunction with intra-specific competition, with an individual-based approach. to our knowledge, none has been conducted on marine top predators. sympatric galapagos fur seals (arctocephalus galapagoensis) and sea lions (zalophus wollebaeki) share similar geographic habitats and potentially compete. we studied their foraging niche overlap at cabo dougl ... | 2013 | 23967096 |
| same size--same niche? foraging niche separation between sympatric juvenile galapagos sea lions and adult galapagos fur seals. | 1. in vertebrates, patterns of resource utilization change throughout development according to age- and or size-specific abilities and requirements. thus, interspecific competition affects different age classes differently. 2. adults of sympatric species often show distinct foraging niche segregation, but juvenile resource use might overlap with adult competitors of similar body size. resultant negative effects on juveniles can have important consequences for population dynamics, yet such intera ... | 2013 | 23351022 |
| a comparison of rural and urban indian children's visual detection of threatening and nonthreatening animals. | recent studies indicate that young children preferentially attend to snakes, spiders, and lions compared with nondangerous species, but these results have yet to be replicated in populations that actually experience dangerous animals in nature. this multi-site study investigated the visual-detection biases of southern indian children towards two potentially dangerous taxa, snakes and lions, that constituted major threats during human evolution. three- to 8-year-old children from two distinct pop ... | 2013 | 23587043 |
| glucocorticoid stress responses of lions in relationship to group composition, human land use, and proximity to people. | large carnivore populations are in global decline, and conflicts between large carnivores and humans or their livestock contribute to low tolerance of large carnivores outside of protected areas. african lions (panthera leo) are a conflict-prone species, and their continental range has declined by 75% in the face of human pressures. nonetheless, large carnivore populations persist (or even grow) in some areas that are occupied by humans. lions attain locally high density in the olkiramatian and ... | 2013 | 27293605 |
| rapid detection of visually provocative animals by preschool children and adults. | the ability to detect dangerous animals rapidly in complex landscapes has been historically important during human evolution. previous research has shown that snake images are more readily detected than images of benign animals. to provide a stringent test of superior snake detection in preschool children and adults, experiment 1 consisted of two parts using a touch-screen visual search task. reaction times to detect different target snakes embedded in matrices of lizards were compared with reac ... | 2013 | 23218450 |
| the panorama of animal leptospirosis in rio de janeiro, brazil, regarding the seroepidemiology of the infection in tropical regions. | leptospirosis is an important disease caused by various serovars of leptospira sp. it can affect humans as well as domestic and wild animals; therefore, it has importance for public health, animal production, and wild species. the aim of this paper is to discuss the epidemiology of animal leptospirosis in rio de janeiro, brazil, as a possible model for other tropical regions. in several studies conducted in the last 20 years, a total of 47 rats, 120 dogs, 875 cows, 695 horses, 1,343 goats, 308 s ... | 2013 | 24289165 |
| lion (panthera leo) and caracal (caracal caracal) type iix single muscle fibre force and power exceed that of trained humans. | this study investigated for the first time maximum force production, shortening velocity (vmax) and power output in permeabilised single muscle fibres at 12°c from lion, panthera leo (linnaeus 1758), and caracal, caracal caracal (schreber 1776), and compared the values with those from human cyclists. additionally, the use and validation of previously frozen tissue for contractile experiments is reported. only type iix muscle fibres were identified in the caracal sample, whereas type iix and only ... | 2013 | 23155088 |
| ethno-veterinary practices amongst livestock farmers in ngamiland district, botswana. | we carried out a study to determine ethno-veterinary knowledge used to treat and prevent livestock diseases in toteng village in ngamiland district, northwestern botswana. primary data were collected through simple random sampling of 45 households in toteng. respondents were either livestock owners or cattle herders. respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire which had both open and closed-ended questions. cattle ownership or herdership in toteng is an inter-generational occup ... | 2013 | 24146479 |
| lousy mums: patterns of vertical transmission of an amphibious louse. | in this study, we document patterns of vertical transmission of the amphibious louse antarctophthirus microchir (echinophthiriidae) in pups of south american sea lion, otaria flavescens, from patagonia. vertical transmission is fundamental for the long-term stability of a. microchir populations because only pups stay long enough (1 month) on land for the louse to reproduce. a total of 72 pups ≤7 days old from a single rookery were captured and examined for lice. infection parameters and populati ... | 2013 | 23828192 |
| beneath the surface: profiling blubber depth in pinnipeds with infrared imaging. | infrared thermography (irt) was assessed as a non-invasive tool to evaluate body condition in juvenile female harbor seals (phoca vitulina), (n=6) and adult female steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus), (n=2). surface temperature determined by irt and blubber depth assessed with portable imaging ultrasound were monitored concurrently at eight body sites over the course of a year in long-term captive individuals under controlled conditions. site-specific differences in surface temperature were n ... | 2013 | 24229798 |
| a review of influenza viruses in seals and the implications for public health. | with the public health community and general population more concerned with influenza than ever before, it is important to explore all potential vectors for the next pandemic. potential sources include pinnipeds (seals and sea lions). between subsistence hunting, managed animals, and shared shoreline habitat, humans are more likely to interact with pinnipeds than any other marine mammal. this paper summarizes documented influenza events and research on phocidae and otariidae and discusses the po ... | 2013 | 23277445 |
| coach lions. | 2013 | 23885499 | |
| hematologic and serum chemistry reference intervals for free-ranging lions (panthera leo). | hematologic and serum chemistry values are used by veterinarians and wildlife researchers to assess health status and to identify abnormally high or low levels of a particular blood parameter in a target species. for free-ranging lions (panthera leo) information about these values is scarce. in this study 7 hematologic and 11 serum biochemistry values were evaluated from 485 lions from the kruger national park, south africa. significant differences between sexes and sub-adult (≤ 36 months) and a ... | 2013 | 23415881 |
| a cupric silver histochemical analysis of domoic acid damage to olfactory pathways following status epilepticus in a rat model for chronic recurrent spontaneous seizures and aggressive behavior. | the amnesic shellfish toxin, domoic acid, interferes with glutamatergic pathways leading to neuronal damage, most notably causing memory loss and seizures. in this study, the authors utilized a recently developed rat model for domoic acid-induced epilepsy, an emerging disease appearing in california sea lions weeks to months after poisoning, to identify structural damage that may lead to a permanent epileptic state. sprague dawley rats were kindled with several low hourly intraperitoneal doses o ... | 2013 | 22821366 |
| eye bank tissue utilization between endothelial keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty. | to determine rates of tissue use for corneal transplants via endothelial keratoplasty (ek) relative to penetrating keratoplasty (pk). | 2013 | 22820607 |
| conserving large carnivores: dollars and fence. | conservationists often advocate for landscape approaches to wildlife management while others argue for physical separation between protected species and human communities, but direct empirical comparisons of these alternatives are scarce. we relate african lion population densities and population trends to contrasting management practices across 42 sites in 11 countries. lion populations in fenced reserves are significantly closer to their estimated carrying capacities than unfenced populations. ... | 2013 | 23461543 |
| insights into the management of large carnivores for profitable wildlife-based land uses in african savannas. | large african predators, especially lions (panthera leo) and leopards (panthera pardus), are financially valuable for ecotourism and trophy hunting operations on land also utilized for the production of other wildlife species for the same purpose. predation of ungulates used for trophy hunting can create conflict with landholders and trade off thus exists between the value of lions and leopards and their impact on ungulate populations. therefore productionist and conservation trade-offs are comp ... | 2013 | 23527083 |
| climate variability, human wildlife conflict and population dynamics of lions panthera leo. | large carnivores are threatened by habitat loss, declining prey populations and direct persecution. pride dynamics of eight lion prides in the centre of the etosha national park, namibia are described during a 16-year study. since the beginning of the 1980s, the number of adult and subadult lions declined continuously to two third of its initial population size, and reached a new equilibrium in the 1990s. pride sizes decreased from 6.3 adult females in 1989 to 2.8 lionesses in 1997. while the nu ... | 2013 | 23503752 |
| a molecular analysis of african lion (panthera leo) mating structure and extra-group paternity in etosha national park. | the recent incorporation of molecular methods into analyses of social and mating systems has provided evidence that mating patterns often differ from those predicted by group social organization. based on field studies and paternity analyses at a limited number of sites, african lions are predicted to exhibit a strict within-pride mating system. extra-group paternity has not been previously reported in african lions; however, observations of extra-group associations among lions inhabiting etosha ... | 2013 | 23495802 |
| characterization of ocular gland morphology and tear composition of pinnipeds. | the importance of tear film integrity to ocular health in terrestrial mammals is well established, however, in marine mammals, the role of the tear film in protection of the ocular surface is not known. in an effort to better understand the function of tears in maintaining health of the marine mammal eye surface, we examined ocular glands of the california sea lion and began to characterize the biochemical nature of the tear film of pinnipeds. | 2013 | 23067374 |
| epidemiological effects of group size variation in social species. | contact patterns in group-structured populations determine the course of infectious disease outbreaks. network-based models have revealed important connections between group-level contact patterns and the dynamics of epidemics, but these models typically ignore heterogeneities in within-group composition. here, we analyse a flexible mathematical model of disease transmission in a hierarchically structured wildlife population, and find that increased variation in group size reduces the epidemic t ... | 2013 | 23576784 |
| examining the extinction of the barbary lion and its implications for felid conservation. | estimations of species extinction dates are rarely definitive, yet declarations of extinction or extirpation are important as they define when conservation efforts may cease. erroneous declarations of extinctions not only destabilize conservation efforts but also corrode local community support. mismatches in perceptions by the scientific and local communities risk undermining sensitive, but important partnerships. we examine observations relating to the decline and extinction of barbary lions i ... | 2013 | 23573239 |
| climate change frames debate over the extinction of megafauna in sahul (pleistocene australia-new guinea). | around 88 large vertebrate taxa disappeared from sahul sometime during the pleistocene, with the majority of losses (54 taxa) clearly taking place within the last 400,000 years. the largest was the 2.8-ton browsing diprotodon optatum, whereas the ∼100- to 130-kg marsupial lion, thylacoleo carnifex, the world's most specialized mammalian carnivore, and varanus priscus, the largest lizard known, were formidable predators. explanations for these extinctions have centered on climatic change or human ... | 2013 | 23650401 |
| [tuberculosis spreads among lions in krugerpark]. | 2013 | 23638556 | |
| hydrodynamic perception in true seals (phocidae) and eared seals (otariidae). | pinnipeds, that is true seals (phocidae), eared seals (otariidae), and walruses (odobenidae), possess highly developed vibrissal systems for mechanoreception. they can use their vibrissae to detect and discriminate objects by direct touch. at least in phocidae and otariidae, the vibrissae can also be used to detect and analyse water movements. here, we review what is known about this ability, known as hydrodynamic perception, in pinnipeds. hydrodynamic perception in pinnipeds developed convergen ... | 2013 | 23180048 |
| foraging behaviour of juvenile female new zealand sea lions (phocarctos hookeri) in contrasting environments. | foragers can show adaptive responses to changes within their environment through morphological and behavioural plasticity. we investigated the plasticity in body size, at sea movements and diving behaviour of juvenile female new zealand (nz) sea lions (phocarctos hookeri) in two contrasting environments. the nz sea lion is one of the rarest pinnipeds in the world. most of the species is based at the subantarctic auckland islands (ai; considered to be marginal foraging habitat), with a recolonizi ... | 2013 | 23671630 |
| morphology and biomechanics of the pinniped jaw: mandibular evolution without mastication. | pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses) underwent a shift in jaw function away from typical carnivoran mastication to more novel marine behaviors during the terrestrial-aquatic transition. here we test the effect of aquatic prey capture and male-male combat on the morphological evolution of a mammal jaw that does not masticate. nine three-dimensional landmarks were taken along the mandible for 25 species (n = 83), and corpus and symphysis external and cortical breadths for a subset of five sp ... | 2013 | 23653179 |
| a midline sagittal brain view depicted in da vinci's "saint jerome in the wilderness". | it is estimated that around the year 1480 leonardo da vinci painted saint jerome in the wilderness, representing the saint during his years of retreat in the syrian dessert where he lived the life of a hermit. one may interpret leonardo's saint jerome in the wilderness as st. jerome practicing self-chastisement with a stone in his right hand, seemingly punching his chest repeatedly. the stone, the lion and a cardinal's hat are conventionally linked to the saint. a skull was also almost always pr ... | 2013 | 23971176 |
| immune activity, body condition and human-associated environmental impacts in a wild marine mammal. | within individuals, immunity may compete with other life history traits for resources, such as energy and protein, and the damage caused by immunopathology can sometimes outweigh the protective benefits that immune responses confer. however, our understanding of the costs of immunity in the wild and how they relate to the myriad energetic demands on free-ranging organisms is limited. the endangered galapagos sea lion (zalophus wollebaeki) is threatened simultaneously by disease from domestic ani ... | 2013 | 23840603 |
| laparoscopic sterilization of the african lioness (panthera leo). | to describe laparoscopic ovariectomy and salpingectomy in the african lioness (panthera leo). | 2013 | 23298345 |
| the binaural click-evoked auditory brainstem response of the california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | auditory brainstem responses (abrs) elicited by high-amplitude [100 db re 20 μpa, peak-to-peak equivalent sound pressure level (pespl)] aerial broadband clicks were collected from seven california sea lions in order to provide a basic description of short-latency auditory evoked potentials in this species. the waveform of the abr was similar to that of other mammals, comprising seven positive and six negative characteristic waves. variability in the amplitudes and latencies of waves was higher a ... | 2013 | 23297929 |
| conserving large populations of lions - the argument for fences has holes. | packer et al. reported that fenced lion populations attain densities closer to carrying capacity than unfenced populations. however, fenced populations are often maintained above carrying capacity, and most are small. many more lions are conserved per dollar invested in unfenced ecosystems, which avoid the ecological and economic costs of fencing. | 2013 | 23837659 |
| cholangiocarcinoma of intrahepatic bile ducts with disseminated metastases in an african lion (panthera leo). | a cholangiocarcinoma is reported in an 18-yr-old, female african lion (panthera leo). the primary tumor consisted of multifocal to coalescing, hepatic, white-yellow masses distributed throughout the liver lobes. metastases were present in regional lymph nodes, peritoneal surface, and lungs. histologically, the tumor was characterized by a tubular pattern with alcian- and periodic acid-schiff-positive secretory material in cystic spaces. the neoplastic cells were positive to broad-spectrum cytoke ... | 2013 | 23805578 |
| macrobenthos and multi-molecular markers as indicators of environmental contamination in a south american port (mar del plata, southwest atlantic). | we evaluated benthic habitat quality along a presumed contamination gradient in the mar del plata port (southwestern atlantic) by coupling biological and chemical proxies in a multidisciplinary approach. organic matter and photosynthetic pigment contents were higher in silty-clay bottoms of the inner port sites. levels of all fecal steroids decreased from the inner sites to the port inlet. high concentrations of coprostanol in the inner sites seemed to derive from a permanent population of sea l ... | 2013 | 23790447 |
| zoonotic disease risk and prevention practices among biologists and other wildlife workers--results from a national survey, us national park service, 2009. | in 2007, a national park service (nps) biologist died from pneumonic plague after unprotected exposure to an infected mountain lion. this incident increased awareness of occupational zoonotic disease transmission and prompted an assessment of employees who handle wildlife. during april-june 2009, we conducted a national online survey of nps biologists and other wildlife workers to assess in the preceding 12 mo: 1) potential work-related zoonotic disease exposures; 2) protective practices, includ ... | 2013 | 23778595 |
| using pedigree reconstruction to estimate population size: genotypes are more than individually unique marks. | estimates of population size are critical for conservation and management, but accurate estimates are difficult to obtain for many species. noninvasive genetic methods are increasingly used to estimate population size, particularly in elusive species such as large carnivores, which are difficult to count by most other methods. in most such studies, genotypes are treated simply as unique individual identifiers. here, we develop a new estimator of population size based on pedigree reconstruction. ... | 2013 | 23762516 |
| fine-needle aspiration cytology in ethiopia. | most of the population in ethiopia lives below the poverty line with severely limited access to health care. the burden of infectious diseases is high, but benign and malignant neoplasms are also encountered frequently. for diagnosis of palpable lesions in this setting, fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the method of choice. | 2013 | 23721274 |
| effects of the number of people on efficient capture and sample collection: a lion case study. | certain carnivore research projects and approaches depend on successful capture of individuals of interest. the number of people present at a capture site may determine success of a capture. in this study 36 lion capture cases in the kruger national park were used to evaluate whether the number of people present at a capture site influenced lion response rates and whether the number of people at a sampling site influenced the time it took to process the collected samples. the analyses suggest th ... | 2013 | 23718570 |
| auditory distraction eliminates retrieval induced forgetting: implications for the processing of unattended sound. | the retrieval-induced forgetting (rif) paradigm includes three phases: (a) study/encoding of category exemplars, (b) practicing retrieval of a sub-set of those category exemplars, and (c) recall of all exemplars. at the final recall phase, recall of items that belong to the same categories as those items that undergo retrieval practice, but that did not undergo retrieval practice themselves, is impaired. the received view is that this is because retrieval of target category-exemplars (e.g., "tig ... | 2013 | 23681014 |
| divergent allele advantage at mhc-drb through direct and maternal genotypic effects and its consequences for allele pool composition and mating. | it is still debated whether main individual fitness differences in natural populations can be attributed to genome-wide effects or to particular loci of outstanding functional importance such as the major histocompatibility complex (mhc). in a long-term monitoring project on galápagos sea lions (zalophus wollebaeki), we collected comprehensive fitness and mating data for a total of 506 individuals. controlling for genome-wide inbreeding, we find strong associations between the mhc locus and near ... | 2013 | 23677346 |
| a comparative study of physical properties of gypsums manufactured in india. | gypsum products are one of the most widely used materials in dentistry. the wide use of plaster of paris motivated a number of manufacturers to introduce different brands of the profession but their physical and mechanical properties were still questionable. the aim of this study was to access, compare and evaluate the physical properties of different brands of laboratory gypsum available in indian dental market. seven brands namely calspar, rajhans, elephant, horse, lion, johnson and shree niwa ... | 2013 | 24431787 |
| a social network analysis of social cohesion in a constructed pride: implications for ex situ reintroduction of the african lion (panthera leo). | animal conservation practices include the grouping of captive related and unrelated individuals to form a social structure which is characteristic of that species in the wild. in response to the rapid decline of wild african lion (panthera leo) populations, an array of conservational strategies have been adopted. ex situ reintroduction of the african lion requires the construction of socially cohesive pride structures prior to wild release. this pilot study adopted a social network theory approa ... | 2013 | 24376544 |
| a california sea lion (zalophus californianus) can keep the beat: motor entrainment to rhythmic auditory stimuli in a non vocal mimic. | is the ability to entrain motor activity to a rhythmic auditory stimulus, that is "keep a beat," dependent on neural adaptations supporting vocal mimicry? that is the premise of the vocal learning and synchronization hypothesis, recently advanced to explain the basis of this behavior (a. patel, 2006, musical rhythm, linguistic rhythm, and human evolution, music perception, 24, 99-104). prior to the current study, only vocal mimics, including humans, cockatoos, and budgerigars, have been shown to ... | 2013 | 23544769 |
| "altered fear in mice and humans". | fear learning is an adaptive, evolutionarily conserved process that allows us to respond appropriately to threats in the environment. these threats can vary across different contexts (e.g., a lion in your yard versus a lion in a zoo) and by age (e.g., a dentist viewed by a child before cavities versus by an adult after cavities). using the high degree of neural and behavioral conservation across species in fear regulation and the underlying neural circuitry, we examined how fear learning changes ... | 2013 | 25937708 |
| rabies, readiness, and role 1 medical care. | as medics and doctors prepare for deployment to a combat zone, there are countless specified and implied tasks needed to prepare the medical support of an infantry unit in theater. appropriately, units spend the lion share of their efforts in trauma training and medical readiness (vaccinations, medication prescriptions, eye glasses, etc.) while ensuring that the sets, kits, and outfits are all fully stocked with the required items needed to execute the mission. unfortunately, this training and p ... | 2013 | 24083933 |
| the trophy hunting of african lions: scale, current management practices and factors undermining sustainability. | the trophy hunting of lions panthera leo is contentious due to uncertainty concerning conservation impacts and because of highly polarised opinions about the practice. african lions are hunted across at least ~558,000 km(2), which comprises 27-32% of the lion range in countries where trophy hunting of the species is permitted. consequently, trophy hunting has potential to impart significant positive or negative impacts on lions. several studies have demonstrated that excessive trophy harvests ha ... | 2013 | 24058491 |
| characterisation of retinoblastomas without rb1 mutations: genomic, gene expression, and clinical studies. | retinoblastoma is the childhood retinal cancer that defined tumour-suppressor genes. previous work shows that mutation of both alleles of the rb1 retinoblastoma suppressor gene initiates disease. we aimed to characterise non-familial retinoblastoma tumours with no detectable rb1 mutations. | 2013 | 23498719 |
| the tiger genome and comparative analysis with lion and snow leopard genomes. | tigers and their close relatives (panthera) are some of the world's most endangered species. here we report the de novo assembly of an amur tiger whole-genome sequence as well as the genomic sequences of a white bengal tiger, african lion, white african lion and snow leopard. through comparative genetic analyses of these genomes, we find genetic signatures that may reflect molecular adaptations consistent with the big cats' hypercarnivorous diet and muscle strength. we report a snow leopard-spec ... | 2013 | 24045858 |
| head rubbing and licking reinforce social bonds in a group of captive african lions, panthera leo. | many social animals have a species-specific repertoire of affiliative behaviours that characterise individualised relationships within a group. to date, however, quantitative studies on intragroup affiliative behaviours in social carnivores have been limited. here, we investigated the social functions of the two most commonly observed affiliative behaviours in captive african lions (panthera leo): head rubbing and licking. we conducted behavioural observations on a captive group of lions compose ... | 2013 | 24023806 |
| once upon a time there was an angry lion: using stories to aid therapeutic care with children. | storytelling is a useful relationship-building tool to use with children, as demonstrated by the work of 'johnny' and the author, his nurse. five stages of narration - purpose, backstory, pivotal events, evaluation of effects and summary - encourage children to recognise and accept feelings such as anger, grief, shame and guilt in a safe way and make small steps towards change. it is feasible to start engaging children with simple everyday stories, and then go on to develop the tale so that the ... | 2013 | 24021150 |
| cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma presenting as a wound with discharging sinus tracts in a wild african lion (panthera leo). | a female wild african lion (panthera leo) was presented with an 8-month history of a wound with multiple discharging sinus tracts on the left paw. microscopical examination revealed squamous cell carcinoma (scc). to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of cutaneous scc in an african lion. cutaneous scc presenting as discharging sinus tracts lined by neoplastic squamous cells has not been reported previously in animals. | 2013 | 24016784 |
| seasonal diet and prey preference of the african lion in a waterhole-driven semi-arid savanna. | large carnivores inhabiting ecosystems with heterogeneously distributed environmental resources with strong seasonal variations frequently employ opportunistic foraging strategies, often typified by seasonal switches in diet. in semi-arid ecosystems, herbivore distribution is generally more homogeneous in the wet season, when surface water is abundant, than in the dry season when only permanent sources remain. here, we investigate the seasonal contribution of the different herbivore species, pre ... | 2013 | 23405121 |
| the lions of granada maristan. | 2013 | 23377635 | |
| gas bubble disease in the brain of a living california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | a yearling california sea lion (zalophus californianus) was admitted into rehabilitation with signs of cerebellar pathology. diagnostic imaging that included radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) demonstrated space-occupying lesions predominantly in the cerebellum that were filled partially by csf-like fluid and partially by gas, and cerebral lesions that were fluid filled. over a maximum period of 4 months, the brain lesions reduced in size and the gas resorbed and was replaced by cs ... | 2013 | 23372553 |
| magnitude, clinical and sociodemographic correlate of depression in diabetic patients, addis ababa, ethiopia. | depression is a major factor in causing hospital admissions and deaths in persons with diabetes mellitus. so far there is no study available on depression among ethiopian diabetic patients. | 2013 | 24696975 |
| the sense of school belonging and implementation of a prevention program: toward healthier interpersonal relationships among early adolescents. | the purpose of this qualitative study is to pave the way for the establishment of healthy interpersonal relations by facilitating an understanding of the impacts of lions quest skills for adolescence as perceived by adolescents and teachers who took part in it. lions quest has become recognized as an evidence-based program for preventing alcohol and drug use through the development of social skills and the promotion of meaningful engagement in the school community (lions clubs international, ove ... | 2013 | 24273378 |
| the medium is the message: pictures and objects evoke distinct conceptual relations in parent-child conversations. | an important developmental task is learning to organize experience by forming conceptual relations among entities (e.g., a lion and a snake can be linked because both are animals; a lion and a cage can be linked because the lion lives in the cage). we propose that representational medium (i.e., pictures vs. objects) plays an important role in influencing which relations children consider. prior work has demonstrated that pictures more readily evoke broader categories, whereas objects more readil ... | 2013 | 24273367 |
| fences divide lion conservationists. | 2013 | 24256786 | |
| behavioral responses of california sea lions to mid-frequency (3250-3450 hz) sonar signals. | military sonar has the potential to negatively impact marine mammals. to investigate factors affecting behavioral disruption in california sea lions (zalophus californianus), fifteen sea lions participated in a controlled exposure study using a simulated tactical sonar signal (1 s duration, 3250-3450 hz) as a stimulus. subjects were placed into groups of three and each group received a stimulus exposure of 125, 140, 155, 170, or 185 db re: 1 μpa (rms). each subject was trained to swim across an ... | 2013 | 24183102 |
| is alcohol an independent risk factor for oro-pharyngeal and pulmonary carcinogenesis - an acetaldehyde concentrations based double blinded randomized control trial. | there is increasing evidence that a major part of the tumour-promoting action of alcohol is mediated via its first, toxic and carcinogenic metabolite acetaldehyde. | 2013 | 24155622 |
| hunting habits of lions. | 2013 | 24065785 | |
| diagnosis and treatment of a dermal malignant melanoma in an african lion (panthera leo). | a 13-yr-old intact male african lion (panthera leo) presented with a 4-mo history of left maxillary lip swelling. on physical examination, a 10-cm-diameter, ulcerated, round, firm, and pigmented mass at the level of the left maxillary canine tooth was noticed. all other organ systems examined were within normal limits. multiple biopsies of the mass were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. histopathologic evaluation of the biopsies revealed a malignant dermal melanoma. hematolog ... | 2013 | 24063101 |
| pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (excede sterile suspension) administered via intramuscular injection in wild california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | the pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (excede sterile suspension, 200 mg ceftiofur equivalents/ml) were determined for the california sea lion (zalophus californianus). a single dose of excede was administered intramuscularly at 6.6 mg/kg to 12 wild california sea lions during rehabilitation. the first 10 animals were each assigned to two blood collection time points, with a total of 10 time points at: 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, and 192 hr after administration of the ... | 2013 | 24063100 |
| integrating animal health surveillance and food safety: the example of anisakis. | nematodes of the genera anisakis and pseudoterranova (family anisakidae) are zoonotic parasites for which marine mammals (e.g., whales, dolphins, porpoises, seals, sea lions, walruses) act as final hosts, and crustaceans, cephalopods and fish as intermediate and/or paratenic hosts. in humans, the ingestion of anisakidae larvae can result in infection with live larvae, an allergic reaction to anisakidae allergens (even when dead larvae are ingested), or both. worldwide, more than 2000 infections ... | 2013 | 24547652 |
| paget disease of bone: a classic case report. | paget disease of bone (pdb) is a chronic progressive disease of the bone of uncertain etiology, characterized initially by an increase in bone resorption, followed by a disorganized and excessive formation of bone, leading to pain, fractures, and deformities. it can manifest as a monostotic or polyostotic disease. the prevalence of pdb is common in the anglo-saxon population, but relatively rare in india. the disease is often asymptomatic and commonly seen in an aging population. the diagnosis o ... | 2013 | 24015015 |
| microbes, metagenomes and marine mammals: enabling the next generation of scientist to enter the genomic era. | the revolution in dna sequencing technology continues unabated, and is affecting all aspects of the biological and medical sciences. the training and recruitment of the next generation of researchers who are able to use and exploit the new technology is severely lacking and potentially negatively influencing research and development efforts to advance genome biology. here we present a cross-disciplinary course that provides undergraduate students with practical experience in running a next gener ... | 2013 | 24007365 |
| [the connection of polymorphism i/d of the gene angiotensin-converting ferment and d442g gene of protein-carrier of cholesterol ethers with atherosclerosis risk factors in patients of elderly and senile age with coronary heart disease in the republic sakha (yakutia)]. | the authors analyse allocation of genotypes frequencies of polymorphism i/d of the gene of angiotensin-converting ferment (asya) and d442g gene of protein-transmitting agent of cholesterol ethers (cetp) in patients of elderly, senile age and long-livers with coronary heart disease taking into account their nationality, age and sex. with the age, the frequency reduction of occurrence of genotype ace*i/*i has been observed and there is a tendency to increase of genotype frequency ace*d/*d. sexual ... | 2013 | 24003731 |
| complete mitogenome of asiatic lion resolves phylogenetic status within panthera. | the origin, evolution and speciation of the lion, has been subject of interest, debate and study. the present surviving lions of the genus panthera comprise of eight sub-species inclusive of asiatic lion panthera leo persica of india's gir forest. except for the asiatic lion, the other seven subspecies are found in different parts of africa. there have been different opinions regarding the phylogenetic status of panthera leo, as well as classifying lions of different geographic regions into subs ... | 2013 | 23968279 |
| the case for fencing remains intact. | creel et al. argue against the conservation effectiveness of fencing based on a population measure that ignores the importance of top predators to ecosystem processes. their statistical analyses consider, first, only a subset of fenced reserves and, second, an incomplete examination of 'costs per lion.' our original conclusions remain unaltered. | 2013 | 23962143 |
| transport response is a filial-specific behavioral response to maternal carrying in c57bl/6 mice. | a mother carries her young in many altricial mammals, such as cats, lions, rats and mice. during maternal carrying, the transported young assume a compact posture. we have recently shown that, in both humans and mice, the carried infants immediately calmed down and showed reductions in heart rate, distress vocalizations, and voluntary movement. the loss of the calming response in mouse pups hindered maternal retrieval efficacy. these findings suggested that the infant calming response functioned ... | 2013 | 23945354 |
| insights from venous oxygen profiles: oxygen utilization and management in diving california sea lions. | the management and depletion of o2 stores underlie the aerobic dive capacities of marine mammals. the california sea lion (zalophus californianus) presumably optimizes o2 store management during all dives, but approaches its physiological limits during deep dives to greater than 300 m depth. blood o2 comprises the largest component of total body o2 stores in adult sea lions. therefore, we investigated venous blood o2 depletion during dives of california sea lions during maternal foraging trips t ... | 2013 | 23926312 |
| the fetomaternal interface shows vascular hypoglycosylation in the tammar wallaby macropus eugenii: comparison with a range of non-mammalian and eutherian placentae. | blood vessel glycosylation at the fetomaternal interface of four near-term specimens of tammar wallaby, macropus eugenii, has been examined at days 23-26 of the 26.5 day pregnancy and compared with that of other species. | 2013 | 23896028 |
| deep-sea bioluminescence blooms after dense water formation at the ocean surface. | the deep ocean is the largest and least known ecosystem on earth. it hosts numerous pelagic organisms, most of which are able to emit light. here we present a unique data set consisting of a 2.5-year long record of light emission by deep-sea pelagic organisms, measured from december 2007 to june 2010 at the antares underwater neutrino telescope in the deep nw mediterranean sea, jointly with synchronous hydrological records. this is the longest continuous time-series of deep-sea bioluminescence e ... | 2013 | 23874425 |
| asynchronous food-web pathways could buffer the response of serengeti predators to el niño southern oscillation. | understanding how entire ecosystems maintain stability in the face of climatic and human disturbance is one of the most fundamental challenges in ecology. theory suggests that a crucial factor determining the degree of ecosystem stability is simply the degree of synchrony with which different species in ecological food webs respond to environmental stochasticity. ecosystems in which all food-web pathways are affected similarly by external disturbance should amplify variability in top carnivore a ... | 2013 | 23858652 |
| body regional distribution and stratification of fatty acids in the blubber of new zealand sea lions: implications for diet predictions. | fatty acids (fas) from blubber are often analysed to assess the diet of marine mammals. however, distribution of blubber fas is not necessarily uniform along the body. it is therefore important to understand the deposition of dietary fat to be able to estimate the diet. we analysed the fa compositions of the thoracic ventral (t region) blubber of 28 new zealand (nz) sea lions phocarctos hookeri by-caught by the southern arrow squid nototodarus sloani fishery. each blubber sample was divided into ... | 2013 | 22847500 |
| mama's boy: sex differences in juvenile survival in a highly dimorphic large mammal, the galapagos sea lion. | in many mammals, early survival differs between the sexes, with males proving the more fragile sex ["fragile male (fm) hypothesis"], especially in sexually dimorphic species where males are the larger sex. male-biased allocation (mba) by females may offset this difference. here, we evaluate support for the fm and mba hypotheses using a dataset on galapagos sea lions (zalophus wollebaeki). we statistically model sex-specific survival as it depends on body mass and environmental conditions (sea su ... | 2013 | 23053230 |
| integrated onshore-offshore investigation of a mediterranean layered coastal aquifer. | most of the mediterranean coastal porous aquifers are intensively exploited. because of climatic and anthropogenic effects, understanding the physical and geological controls on groundwater distribution and flow dynamics in such aquifers is crucial. this study presents the results of a structural investigation of a system located along the coastline of the gulf of lions (nw mediterranean). a key aspect of this study relies on an onshore-offshore integrated approach combining outcrops, seismic pr ... | 2013 | 23163402 |
| in vivo cross-linking reveals principally oligomeric forms of α-synuclein and β-synuclein in neurons and non-neural cells. | aggregation of α-synuclein (αsyn) in neurons produces the hallmark cytopathology of parkinson disease and related synucleinopathies. since its discovery, αsyn has been thought to exist normally in cells as an unfolded monomer. we recently reported that αsyn can instead exist in cells as a helically folded tetramer that resists aggregation and binds lipid vesicles more avidly than unfolded recombinant monomers (bartels, t., choi, j. g., and selkoe, d. j. (2011) nature 477, 107-110). however, a su ... | 2013 | 23319586 |
| effects of toothbrush hardness on in vitro wear and roughness of composite resins. | to investigate and compare the effects of toothbrushes with different hardness on abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins. | 2013 | 24858764 |
| structural syntactic prediction measured with elan: evidence from erps. | the current study used event-related potentials (erps) to investigate how and when argument structure information is used during the processing of sentences with a filler-gap dependency. we hypothesize that one specific property - animacy (living vs. non-living) - is used by the parser during the building of the syntactic structure. participants heard sentences that were rated off-line as having an expected noun (who did the lion king chase the caravan with?) or an unexpected noun (who did lion ... | 2013 | 23262082 |
| comparing implicit and explicit semantic access of direct and indirect word pairs in schizophrenia to evaluate models of semantic memory. | semantic memory deficits in schizophrenia (sz) are profound, yet there is no research comparing implicit and explicit semantic processing in the same participant sample. in the current study, both implicit and explicit priming are investigated using direct (lion-tiger) and indirect (lion-stripes; where tiger is not displayed) stimuli comparing sz to healthy controls. based on a substantive review (rossell and stefanovic, 2007) and meta-analysis (pomarol-clotet et al., 2008), it was predicted tha ... | 2013 | 23260447 |
| ocular complications of soft contact lens wearers in a tertiary eye care centre of nepal. | to determine the prevalence and the major types of ocular complications related with soft contact lenses (cl) in a tertiary eye care centre of nepal. | 2013 | 23238170 |
| effects of summer microclimates on behavior of lions and tigers in zoos. | the surrounding thermal environment has a direct influence on the well-being of an animal. however, few studies have investigated the microclimatic conditions that result from outdoor zoo enclosure designs and whether this affects where animals choose to spend time. two african lions (panthera leo) and two siberian/amur tigers (panthera tigris altaica) were observed for a total of 18 full days during the summer and fall of 2009. their activities and locations were recorded to the nearest minute ... | 2013 | 22707238 |