Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| transmembrane proteins--mining the cattle tick transcriptome. | managing the spread and load of pathogen-transmitting ticks is an important task worldwide. the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus, not only impacts the economy through losses in dairy and meat production, but also raises concerns for human health in regards to the potential of certain transmitted pathogens becoming zoonotic. however, novel strategies to control r. microplus are hindered by lack of understanding tick biology and the discovery of suitable vaccine or acaricide targets. the impor ... | 2015 | 26096851 |
| acaricidal activity of thymol against larvae of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) under semi-natural conditions. | this is the first study to investigate the activity of thymol on rhipicephalus microplus larvae under semi-natural conditions. for this purpose, tests were conducted in pots with brachiaria decumbens seedlings containing cattle tick larvae. thymol, diluted in ethanol 50° gl, was tested at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 mg/ml, along with the control group treated with the solvent alone. each treatment was composed of five pots (1 pot = a repetition). the experiment was performed ... | 2015 | 26040843 |
| ixodicide activity of eysenhardtia polystachya against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal effect of 2 compounds extracted from eysenhardtia polystachya in vitro, namely coatlines and matlalines. each extract was obtained by aqueous extraction in a nitrogen atmosphere. engorged adult females of an amitraz-resistant strain of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus were used to produce larvae and to carry out the adult immersion test (ait), while larvae were assayed using the larval packet test (lpt). after exposure to coatlines or ... | 2015 | 26020221 |
| acaricidal activity of extracts from the leaves and aerial parts of neoglaziovia variegata (bromeliaceae) on the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | this experiment was carried out to study the bioacaricidal activity of neoglaziovia variegata against engorged females of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the mortality and fecundity of groups of engorged adult females exposed to different concentrations of ethanol, hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts obtained from the leaves and aerial parts of n. variegata were evaluated, using three treatments with concentrations of 5, 10 e 25 mg/ml; two controls (distilled water and distilled ... | 2015 | 25979315 |
| high efficacy of a 20 amino acid peptide of the acidic ribosomal protein p0 against the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus. | current strategies to control cattle ticks use integrated control programs (icp) that include vaccination. reduction in the use of chemicals and in the cost of tick control, the delay or elimination of acaricide resistance and the decreasing of environmental pollution are the advantages of using these programs. this integrated program is potentially applicable to all genotypes of chemical resistant ticks. however, the problem here is to improve the efficacy of anti-tick vaccines. the p0 protein ... | 2015 | 25958782 |
| acetylcholinesterase 1 in populations of organophosphate-resistant north american strains of the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | rhipicephalus microplus, the cattle fever tick, is a global economic problem to the cattle industry due to direct infestation of cattle and pathogens transmitted during feeding. cattle fever tick outbreaks continue to occur along the mexico-us border even though the tick has been eradicated from the usa. the organophosphate (op) coumaphos targets acetylcholinesterase (ache) and is the approved acaricide for eradicating cattle fever tick outbreaks. there is evidence for coumaphos resistance devel ... | 2015 | 25952704 |
| acaricidal activity of essential oils from lippia alba genotypes and its major components carvone, limonene, and citral against rhipicephalus microplus. | the goal of the present study was to evaluate the acaricidal potential of lippia alba essential oil, citral chemotypes (la-10 and la-44 genotypes) and carvone chemotypes (la-13 and la-57 genotypes), as well as purified citral and enantiomers of carvone and limonene. efficacy against rhipicephalus microplus was assessed by the larval packet and the engorged female immersion tests. citral chemotypes had greater larvicidal activity than carvone chemotypes, and this was further supported by larvicid ... | 2015 | 25837783 |
| variation among bm86 sequences in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks collected from cattle across thailand. | anti-tick vaccines based on recombinant homologues bm86 and bm95 have become a more cost-effective and sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides commonly used to control the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. however, bm86 polymorphism among geographically separate ticks is reportedly associated with reduced effectiveness of these vaccines. the purpose of this study was to investigate the variation of bm86 among cattle ticks collected from northern, northeastern, central and ... | 2015 | 25777941 |
| formula to evaluate efficacy of vaccines and systemic substances against three-host ticks. | the control of ticks with vaccines is of global interest. experimental vaccines incorporate new technologies as soon as they are available. historically, the main vaccine studies have focused on the one-host cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus, and efficacy evaluations have been standardised for this tick species. on the other hand, evaluations of vaccine candidates for three-host ticks are being done somewhat arbitrarily and thus comparisons within the current literature on the efficacy of vacc ... | 2015 | 25765624 |
| models of bovine babesiosis including juvenile cattle. | bovine babesiosis in cattle is caused by the transmission of protozoa of babesia spp. by ticks as vectors. juvenile cattle (<9 months of age) have resistance to bovine babesiosis, rarely show symptoms, and acquire immunity upon recovery. susceptibility to the disease varies between breeds of cattle. models of the dynamics of bovine babesiosis transmitted by the cattle tick that include these factors are formulated as systems of ordinary differential equations. basic reproduction numbers are calc ... | 2015 | 25715822 |
| the mitochondrial genome of a texas outbreak strain of the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, derived from whole genome sequencing pacific biosciences and illumina reads. | the cattle fever tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is one of the most significant medical veterinary pests in the world, vectoring several serious livestock diseases negatively impacting agricultural economies of tropical and subtropical countries around the world. in our study, we assembled the complete r. microplus mitochondrial genome from illumina and pac bio sequencing reads obtained from the ongoing r. microplus (deutsch strain from texas, usa) genome sequencing project. we compare ... | 2015 | 26117172 |
| esterase and glutathione s-transferase levels associated with synthetic pyrethroid resistance in hyalomma anatolicum and rhipicephalus microplus ticks from punjab, india. | larval packet test was used for assessment of resistance status against cypermethrin and deltamethrin in hyalomma anatolicum and rhipicephalus microplus from various districts of punjab (india). among the various field isolates of h. anatolicum susceptible status was recorded against cypermethrin in all isolates, whereas against deltamethrin resistance status (level i-iii) was recorded. in r. microplus lower resistance levels (i-ii) were recorded against cypermethrin in comparison to deltamethri ... | 2015 | 25652614 |
| parasiticide resistance in flies, lice and ticks in new zealand and australia: mechanisms, prevalence and prevention. | this review outlines the history of parasiticide resistance in the principal ectoparasites of sheep and cattle in new zealand and australia, blowflies, buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua), sheep biting louse (bovicola ovis) and cattle ticks, and discusses recent changes in their response to insecticides and acaricides. mechanisms of resistance and evaluation methods are described, with ways in which insecticide resistance can be avoided or ameliorated also discussed. resistance in sheep blo ... | 2015 | 25185062 |
| molecular and pharmacological characterization of the chelicerata pyrokinin receptor from the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | we identified the first pyrokinin receptor (rhimi-pkr) in chelicerata and analyzed structure-activity relationships of cognate ligand neuropeptides and their analogs. based on comparative and phylogenetic analyses, this receptor, which we cloned from larvae of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae), is the ortholog of the insect pyrokinin (pk)/pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (pban)/diapause hormone (dh) neuropeptide family receptor. rhimi-pkr functional analyses ... | 2015 | 25747529 |
| in vitro acaricidal activity of ethanolic and aqueous floral extracts of calendula officinalis against synthetic pyrethroid resistant rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | detection of resistance levels against deltamethrin and cypermethrin in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from jammu (india) was carried out using larval packet test (lpt). the results showed the presence of resistance level ii and i against deltamethrin and cypermethrin, respectively. adult immersion test (ait) and lpt were used to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of ethanolic and aqueous floral extracts of calendula officinalis against synthetic pyrethroid resistant adults and larvae ... | 2015 | 26071101 |
| identification of potential plant extracts for anti-tick activity against acaricide resistant cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | to develop an eco-friendly tick control method, seven plant extracts were prepared using 50 and 95% ethanol and evaluated for acaricidal activity against cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the adult immersion test was adopted for testing different extracts. based on 72 h screening criterion, 95% ethanolic extracts of datura metel fruits and argemone mexicana whole plant were found effective showing more than 50% mortality of treated ticks. the 95% ethanolic extracts of d. metel fr ... | 2015 | 25717008 |
| in vitro acaricidal properties of semecarpus anacardium fruit and datura stramonium leaf extracts against acaricide susceptible (ivri-i line) and resistant (ivri-v line) rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | in an attempt to identify plants having anti-tick properties, the 95% ethanolic and 50% hydro-ethanolic extracts of the fruits of semecarpus anacardium and leaves of datura stramonium were evaluated against reference tick lines of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the 95% ethanolic extracts of s. anacardium and d. stramonium caused 50% and 20% mortality, respectively, within 72 h of treatment by adult immersion test. the lc90 value of the ethanolic fruit extract of s. anacardium was determine ... | 2015 | 26267092 |
| ticks infesting wild and domestic animals and humans of sri lanka with new host records. | an island-wide collection of tick species infesting humans, domesticated and wild animals and questing ticks in domestic and peridomestic environments was carried out during 2009-2011. a total of 30,461 ticks were collected from 30 different hosts and free living stages from the ground. the collection consisted of 22 tick species from 30 different hosts recording 12 tick species from humans, 19 from domesticated animals and 21 from wild animals, with a total of 97 new host records. the most comm ... | 2015 | 25445744 |
| cross-resistance between fipronil and lindane in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini), is one of the most damaging parasites of cattle in tropical and subtropical regions. several chemical groups have been used for its control, including cyclodienes (lindane and dieldrin). in uruguay and brazil these products were used at the beginning of the 1960s and during a few years. fipronil and lindane act on the same target site. in both countries, southern cattle tick resistance to fipronil has sometimes developed ... | 2015 | 25868846 |
| in vitro acaricidal activity of murraya koenigii (l.) spreng (rutaceae) extracts against synthetic pyrethroid-resistant rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | larval packet test was used for detection of resistance status against cypermethrin and deltamethrin, the most commonly used synthetic pyrethroids in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from faridkot district, punjab (india). the slope of mortality, lethal concentration for 50 % (lc50) and resistance levels were determined from the regression graphs of probit mortality of ticks plotted against log values of increasing concentrations of cypermethrin and deltamethrin. results indicated p ... | 2015 | 25633856 |
| genetic parameters and investigation of genotype × environment interactions in nellore × hereford crossbred for resistance to cattle ticks in different regions of brazil. | data from 6,156 nellore × hereford crossbred cattle, distributed in 18 herds located in the brazilian states of mato grosso do sul (ms), são paulo (sp), paraná (pr) and rio grande do sul (rs), were analysed in order to investigate genetic variation for resistance to the cattle tick through the estimation of variance components and genetic parameters for counting ticks (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) in natural infestation, and also a possible genotype × environment interaction. the tick co ... | 2015 | 25108748 |
| emerging horizons for tick-borne pathogens: from the 'one pathogen-one disease' vision to the pathobiome paradigm. | ticks, as vectors of several notorious zoonotic pathogens, represent an important and increasing threat for human and animal health in europe. recent applications of new technology revealed the complexity of the tick microbiome, which may affect its vectorial capacity. appreciation of these complex systems is expanding our understanding of tick-borne pathogens, leading us to evolve a more integrated view that embraces the 'pathobiome'; the pathogenic agent integrated within its abiotic and bioti ... | 2015 | 26610021 |
| insights into the development of ixodes scapularis: a resource for research on a medically important tick species. | ticks (acari: ixodida) are arthropod ectoparasites dependent on a bloodmeal from a vertebrate host at each developmental stage for completion of their life cycle. this tick feeding cycle impacts animal health by causing damage to hides, secondary infections, immune reactions and diseases caused by transmission of pathogens. the genus ixodes includes several medically important species that vector diseases, including granulocytic anaplasmosis and lyme disease. i. scapularis, commonly called the b ... | 2015 | 26576940 |
| integration of ixodes ricinus genome sequencing with transcriptome and proteome annotation of the naïve midgut. | in europe, ixodes ricinus ticks are the most important vectors of diseases threatening humans, livestock, wildlife and companion animals. nevertheless, genomic sequence information is missing and functional annotation of transcripts and proteins is limited. this lack of information is restricting studies of the vector and its interactions with pathogens and hosts. here we present and integrate the first analysis of the i. ricinus genome with the transcriptome and proteome of the unfed i. ricinus ... | 2015 | 26510422 |
| emerging tick-borne infections in mainland china: an increasing public health threat. | since the beginning of the 1980s, 33 emerging tick-borne agents have been identified in mainland china, including eight species of spotted fever group rickettsiae, seven species in the family anaplasmataceae, six genospecies in the complex borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, 11 species of babesia, and the virus causing severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. in this review we have mapped the geographical distributions of human cases of infection. 15 of the 33 emerging tick-borne agents have be ... | 2015 | 26453241 |
| ixodes ricinus and its endosymbiont midichloria mitochondrii: a comparative proteomic analysis of salivary glands and ovaries. | hard ticks are hematophagous arthropods that act as vectors of numerous pathogenic microorganisms of high relevance in human and veterinary medicine. ixodes ricinus is one of the most important tick species in europe, due to its role of vector of pathogenic bacteria such as borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum, of viruses such as tick borne encephalitis virus and of protozoans as babesia spp. in addition to these pathogens, i. ricinus harbors a symbiotic bacterium, midichloria mito ... | 2015 | 26398775 |
| a broad-range survey of ticks from livestock in northern xinjiang: changes in tick distribution and the isolation of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. | borreliosis is highly prevalent in xinjiang uygur autonomous region, china. however, little is known about the presence of borrelia pathogens in tick species in this region, in addition borrelia pathogens have not been isolated from domestic animals. | 2015 | 26337627 |
| modulation of host immunity by tick saliva. | next generation sequencing and proteomics have helped to comprehensively characterize gene expression in tick salivary glands at both the transcriptome and the proteome level. functional data are, however, lacking. given that tick salivary secretions are critical to the success of the tick transmission lifecycle and, as a consequence, for host colonization by the pathogens they spread, we thoroughly review here the literature on the known interactions between tick saliva (or tick salivary gland ... | 2015 | 26189360 |
| nuclease tudor-sn is involved in tick dsrna-mediated rna interference and feeding but not in defense against flaviviral or anaplasma phagocytophilum rickettsial infection. | tudor staphylococcal nuclease (tudor-sn) and argonaute (ago) are conserved components of the basic rna interference (rnai) machinery with a variety of functions including immune response and gene regulation. the rnai machinery has been characterized in tick vectors of human and animal diseases but information is not available on the role of tudor-sn in tick rnai and other cellular processes. our hypothesis is that tick tudor-sn is part of the rnai machinery and may be involved in innate immune r ... | 2015 | 26186700 |
| inhibition of the endosymbiont "candidatus midichloria mitochondrii" during 16s rrna gene profiling reveals potential pathogens in ixodes ticks from australia. | the australian paralysis tick (ixodes holocyclus) is of significant medical and veterinary importance as a cause of dermatological and neurological disease, yet there is currently limited information about the bacterial communities harboured by these ticks and the risk of infectious disease transmission to humans and domestic animals. ongoing controversy about the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (the aetiological agent of lyme disease) in australia increases the need to accurately id ... | 2015 | 26108374 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in humans in a rural area of paraná state, brazil. | this study describes the detection of borrelia garinii and borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) in brazilian individuals using pcr and dna sequencing. our results suggest that these species are emerging pathogens in this country, and additional studies are necessary to determine the epidemiological characteristics of this disease in brazil. | 2015 | 26273276 |
| conserved amblyomma americanum tick serpin19, an inhibitor of blood clotting factors xa and xia, trypsin and plasmin, has anti-haemostatic functions. | tick saliva serine protease inhibitors (serpins) facilitate tick blood meal feeding through inhibition of protease mediators of host defense pathways. we previously identified a highly conserved amblyomma americanum serpin 19 that is characterised by its reactive center loop being 100% conserved in ixodid ticks. in this study, biochemical characterisation reveals that the ubiquitously transcribed a. americanum serpin 19 is an anti-coagulant protein, inhibiting the activity of five of the eight s ... | 2015 | 25957161 |
| tick microbiome: the force within. | ticks are obligate blood-feeders and serve as vectors of human and livestock pathogens worldwide. defining the tick microbiome and deciphering the interactions between the tick and its symbiotic bacteria in the context of tick development and pathogen transmission will likely reveal new insights and spawn new paradigms to control tick-borne diseases. descriptive observations on the tick microbiome that began almost a century ago serve as forerunners to the gathering momentum to define the tick m ... | 2015 | 25936226 |
| identification of 24h ixodes scapularis immunogenic tick saliva proteins. | ixodes scapularis is arguably the most medically important tick species in the united states. this tick transmits 5 of the 14 human tick-borne disease (tbd) agents in the usa: borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, b. miyamotoi, babesia microti, and powassan virus disease. except for the powassan virus disease, i. scapularis-vectored tbd agents require more than 24h post attachment to be transmitted. this study describes identification of 24h immunogenic i. scapularis tick saliva prote ... | 2015 | 25825233 |
| tick-borne infections in human and animal population worldwide. | the abundance and activity of ectoparasites and its hosts are affected by various abiotic factors, such as climate and other organisms (predators, pathogens and competitors) presenting thus multiples forms of association (obligate to facultative, permanent to intermittent and superficial to subcutaneous) developed during long co-evolving processes. ticks are ectoparasites widespread globally and its eco epidemiology are closely related to the environmental conditions. they are obligatory hematop ... | 2015 | 27047089 |
| rhipicephalus microplus and ixodes ovatus cystatins in tick blood digestion and evasion of host immune response. | cystatins are a group of cysteine protease inhibitors responsible for physiological proteolysis regulation and present in a wide range of organisms. studies about this class of inhibitors in parasites have contributed to clarify their roles in important physiological processes, like blood digestion and modulation of host immune response during blood feeding. thus, cystatins are a subject of research on the development of new parasite control methods. additionally, the characterization of protein ... | 2015 | 25889092 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks from eastern china. | to explore the tick distribution and prevalence of borrelia in zhejiang province, we performed a survey in nine sites. a total of 447 adult ticks of 11 species were captured and the dominant tick species were haemaphysalis longicornis and ixodes sinensis and the abundance of tick species in different areas varied significantly. overall, 4.70% of the ticks were polymerase chain reaction (pcr) positive for borrelia. the average pcr positive rates were 5.19% for h. longicornis, 3.45% for amblyomma ... | 2015 | 25548382 |
| potentially novel ehrlichia species in horses, nicaragua. | ehrlichia sp. dna was amplified from 4 ehrlichia-seroreactive horses from mérida, nicaragua. sequencing of 16s rdna, sodb, and groel genes indicated that the bacterium is most likely a novel ehrlichia species. the tick vector and the potential for canine and human infection remain unknown. | 2015 | 25625228 |
| investigation of tick-borne bacteria (rickettsia spp., anaplasma spp., ehrlichia spp. and borrelia spp.) in ticks collected from andean tapirs, cattle and vegetation from a protected area in ecuador. | ixodid ticks play an important role in the transmission and ecology of infectious diseases. information about the circulation of tick-borne bacteria in ticks is lacking in ecuador. our aims were to investigate the tick species that parasitize andean tapirs and cattle, and those present in the vegetation from the buffer zone of the antisana ecological reserve and cayambe-coca national park (ecuador), and to investigate the presence of tick-borne bacteria. | 2015 | 25616567 |
| tick-borne pathogens and the vector potential of ticks in china. | ticks, as obligate blood-sucking ectoparasites, attack a broad range of vertebrates and transmit a great diversity of pathogenic microorganisms. they are considered second only to mosquitoes as vectors of human disease, and the most important vector of pathogens of domestic and wild animals. of the 117 described species in the chinese tick fauna, 60 are known to transmit one or more diseases: 36 species isolated within china and 24 species isolated outside china. moreover, 38 of these species ca ... | 2015 | 25586007 |
| rna-seq analyses of the midgut from blood- and serum-fed ixodes ricinus ticks. | adult females of the genus ixodes imbibe blood meals exceeding about 100 times their own weight within 7‒9 days. during this period, ticks internalise components of host blood by endocytic digest cells that line the tick midgut epithelium. using rna-seq, we aimed to characterise the midgut transcriptome composition in adult ixodes ricinus females during early and late phase of engorgement. to address specific adaptations to the haemoglobin-rich diet, we compared the midgut transcriptomes of gene ... | 2016 | 27824139 |
| identification of a novel β-adrenergic octopamine receptor-like gene (βaor-like) and increased atp-binding cassette b10 (abcb10) expression in a rhipicephalus microplus cell line derived from acaricide-resistant ticks. | the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is an economically important parasite of livestock. effective control of ticks using acaricides is threatened by the emergence of resistance to many existing compounds. several continuous r. microplus cell lines have been established and provide an under-utilised resource for studies into acaricide targets and potential genetic mutations associated with resistance. as a first step to genetic studies using these resources, this study aimed to de ... | 2016 | 27484910 |
| environmental factors influencing tick densities over seven years in a french suburban forest. | worldwide changes in socio-economic and environmental factors and the global climate are recognised causes of variation in tick distribution and density. thus it is of great importance that new studies address the changing risk of infection for exposed populations. in europe, ixodes ricinus ticks are the most common vectors of several pathogens impacting veterinary and public health that have colonised suburban habitats. | 2016 | 27234215 |
| tick receptor for outer surface protein a from ixodes ricinus - the first intrinsically disordered protein involved in vector-microbe recognition. | the tick receptor for outer surface protein a (trospa) is the only identified factor involved in tick gut colonization by various borrelia species. trospa is localized in the gut epithelium and can recognize and bind the outer surface bacterial protein ospa via an unknown mechanism. based on earlier reports and our latest observations, we considered that trospa would be the first identified intrinsically disordered protein (idp) involved in the interaction between a vector and a pathogenic micro ... | 2016 | 27112540 |
| ixodes scapularis tick saliva proteins sequentially secreted every 24 h during blood feeding. | ixodes scapularis is the most medically important tick species and transmits five of the 14 reportable human tick borne disease (tbd) agents in the usa. this study describes lc-ms/ms identification of 582 tick- and 83 rabbit proteins in saliva of i. scapularis ticks that fed for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h, as well as engorged but not detached (bd), and spontaneously detached (sd). the 582 tick proteins include proteases (5.7%), protease inhibitors (7.4%), unknown function proteins (22%), immunity ... | 2016 | 26751078 |
| management and control of parasites on dairy farms in northwestern region of são paulo state. | dairy cattle farming is of great economic and social importance in all brazilian's regions. parasites can reduce milk productivity, especially the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. this study consisted of a questionnaire answered by 40 milk producers in the northwestern region of the state of são paulo. the aim was to ascertain how these producers controlled ticks and other parasites. very many of them knew nothing about the biological cycle of the cattle tick or about strategic control ... | 2016 | 27580398 |
| new insights from molecular characterization of the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in brazil. | the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus complex currently consists of five taxa, namely r. australis, r. annulatus, r. (b.) microplus clade a sensu, r. microplus clade b sensu, and r. (b.) microplus clade c sensu. mitochondrial dna-based methods help taxonomists when they are facing the morpho-taxonomic problem of distinguishing members of the r. (b.) microplus complex. the purpose of this study was to perform molecular characterization of ticks in all five regions of brazil and infer their phyl ... | 2016 | 27579530 |
| bmti-a, a kunitz type inhibitor from rhipicephalus microplus able to interfere in vessel formation. | rhipicephalus microplus is an ectoparasite responsible for transmissions of babesiosis and anaplasmosis causing large losses to livestock production. to survive r. microplus tick produces several active molecules, such as protease inhibitors. this ectoparasite has been described as a rich source of serine protease inhibitors most of them are kunitz-bpti members named bmtis which have no clear function yet. in the present work, we described the expression and functional characterization of rbmti- ... | 2016 | 26921038 |
| ehrlichia minasensis sp. nov., a new species within the genus ehrlichia isolated from the tick rhipicephalus microplus. | recently, we obtained a rickettsial isolate (ehrlichia sp. ufmg-ev) from the hemolymph of rhipicephalus microplus engorged tick females. on the basis of maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis using 16s rrna, groel, dsb, glta and trp36 nucleotide sequences we showed that ehrlichia sp. ufmg-ev belongs to the α-proteobacteria, family anaplasmataceae, genus ehrlichia. ehrlichia sp. ufmg-ev is a sister taxa of e. canis with 16s rrna, groel, dsb, glta and trp36 nucleotide sequence similarity of 98.3 ... | 2016 | 26763978 |
| acaricidal activity of methanol extract of acmella oleracea l. (asteraceae) and spilanthol on rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) and dermacentor nitens (acari: ixodidae). | we evaluated the acaricidal activity of acmella oleracea methanol extract and spilanthol on rhipicephalus microplus and dermacentor nitens. the extract was made through maceration with methanol. from this extract, a dichloromethane fraction with 99% spilanthol was obtained and tested on r. microplus larvae and engorged females and d. nitens larvae. for evaluation against larvae, the modified larval packet test was used, and both the methanol extract and dichloromethane fraction were tested at co ... | 2016 | 27692316 |
| expression pattern of suba in different tissues and blood-feeding status in haemaphysalis flava. | tick-borne-diseases (tbd) pose a huge threat to the health of both humans and animals worldwide. tick vaccines constitute an attractive alternative for tick control, due to their cost-efficiency and environmental-friendliness. subolesin, a protective antigen against ticks, is reported to be a promising candidate for the development of broad-spectrum vaccines. however, the entire length of its gene, suba, and its gene expression pattern in different tissues and blood-feeding status (or different ... | 2016 | 27631766 |
| seroepidemiology of rickettsial infections in northeast india. | resurgence of scrub typhus was reported in northeast india in 2010 after a gap of 67 years since world war ii. however, the presence of other rickettsial infections remained unknown from this region. a seroepidemiological investigation was undertaken in the scrub typhus affected areas from 2013-2015 in assam, arunachal pradesh and nagaland to assess the exposure to other rickettsial diseases besides scrub typhus. | 2016 | 27618917 |
| efficacy of 11 brazilian essential oils on lethality of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | herbal extracts have been investigated as an alternative for parasite control, aiming to slow the development of resistance and to obtain low-cost biodegradable parasiticides. the goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, in vitro, of 11 essential oils from brazil on reproductive efficiency and lethality of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the effects of oils extracted from curcuma longa, zingiber officinale, lippia alba, lippia gracilis, lippia origanoides, lippia sid ... | 2016 | 26867819 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of three novel autophagy-related genes from the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is a hematophagous ectoparasite of major importance for the livestock industry. it shows a remarkable ability to survive over long periods without feeding. however, the mechanisms used to endure long-term starvation are poorly understood. it is believed that autophagy, a process of intracellular protein degradation, may play a significant role to confront adverse environmental conditions. to advance our understanding of autophagy in r. microplu ... | 2016 | 27609093 |
| acaricide resistance in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and hyalomma anatolicum collected from haryana and rajasthan states of india. | acaricide resistance status of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and hyalomma anatolicum ticks against deltamethrin and diazinon was assessed in hisar (haryana) and its adjoining district churu (rajasthan) using adult immersion test (ait) and larval packet test (lpt). the mortality slope, lc50, lc95, 95 % confidence limit and resistance factor of field ticks were determined. results showed that r. (b.) microplus ticks collected from tohana (hisar) were found resistant to both the acaricides wh ... | 2016 | 27100113 |
| extensive polymorphism of ra86 genes in field populations of rhipicephalus appendiculatus from kenya. | commercial vaccines based on recombinant forms of the bm86 tick gut antigen are used to control the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus, a 1-host species, in australia and latin america. we describe herein sequence polymorphism in genes encoding ra86 homologues of bm86 in the brown ear tick, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, isolated from four kenyan field populations and one laboratory colony. sequencing of 19 ra86 sequences defined two alleles differentiated by indels, encoding 693 amino ... | 2016 | 27051976 |
| tick salivary cholinesterase: a probable immunomodulator of host-parasite interactions. | the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini), is the most economically important cattle ectoparasite in the world. rhipicephalus microplus and rhipicephalus annulatus (say) continue to threaten u.s. cattle producers despite eradication and an importation barrier based on inspection, dipping of imported cattle in organophosphate (op) acaricide, and quarantine of infested premises. op acaricides inhibit acetylcholinesterase (ache), essential to tick central nervous sy ... | 2016 | 26794231 |
| repellent effects of melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil against cattle tick larvae (rhipicephalus australis) when formulated as emulsions and in β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. | rhipicephalus australis (formerly boophilus microplus) is a one host tick responsible for major economic loss in tropical and subtropical cattle production enterprises. control is largely dependent on the application of acaricides but resistance has developed to most currently registered chemical groups. repellent compounds that prevent initial attachment of tick larvae offer a potential alternative to control with chemical toxicants. the repellent effects of melaleuca alternifolia oil (tto) emu ... | 2016 | 27369582 |
| assessment of different lippia sidoides genotypes regarding their acaricidal activity against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the aim of this study was to select different genotypes of lippia sidoides with the highest activity against larvae and engorged females of the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the germplasms studied were lsid006, lsid102, lsid103 and lsid104. the lsid104 genotype, that presented carvacrol as a major constituent, was the germplasm with the worst larvicide effect (lc50 2.99 mg/ml). the lsid006 genotype was the least effective against engorged females (lc50 12.46 mg/ml), and it was chemic ... | 2016 | 27982301 |
| susceptibility of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus to fluazuron (2.5mg/kg) and a combination of novaluron (2.0mg/kg)+eprinomectin (0.36mg/kg) in field studies in brazil. | the present study aimed to determine the susceptibility of 32 r. (b.) microplus populations from southeast, midwest and south regions of brazil, to fluazuron (2.5mg/kg), administered topically (pour-on). additionally, five populations (southeast and midwest regions) of the southern cattle tick were evaluated using in vivo field studies, regarding their susceptibility to a new combination of novaluron (2.0mg/kg)+eprinomectin (0.36mg/kg), administered subcutaneously, compared with two positive con ... | 2016 | 27931932 |
| comparative in vitro anti-tick efficacy of commercially available products and newly developed phyto-formulations against field collected and resistant tick lines of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is considered as one of the most widely distributed tick species ecto-parasitizing on livestock and causes fatal diseases with significant production loss. to address the problem of controlling acaricide resistant tick infestations on animals, attention has been paid to develop eco-friendly phyto-acaricides. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the comparative anti-tick activities of commercially available herbal and chemical products with chemically c ... | 2016 | 27876990 |
| fenvalerate resistance status in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) from punjab, india. | larval packet test was used for evaluating the resistance levels in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from different districts of central plain zone of punjab state, india against fenvalerate. the regression graphs of probit mortality of larvae plotted against log values of progressively increasing concentrations of fenvalerate were utilized for the estimation of lethal concentration for 50 % (lc50) and 95 % (lc95) values against various field isolates of r. (b.) microplus. the slope ... | 2016 | 27605769 |
| genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assessment of new ethyl-carbamates with ixodicidal activity. | the mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test was used on the peripheral blood of wistar rats exposed to two new ethyl-carbamates: ethyl-4-bromophenyl-carbamate (lqm 919) and ethyl-4-chlorophenyl-carbamate (lqm 996) to analyze their genotoxic potential. the mitotic index and cell proliferation kinetics in human lymphocyte cultures in the presence of these ethyl-carbamates were used to evaluate cytotoxicity and cytostaticity respectively. exposure to greater acute doses (300mg/kg) and to all of the ... | 2016 | 27542710 |
| in vitro effects of pilocarpus microphyllus extracts and pilocarpine hydrochloride on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the aim of this study was to assess the activity of aqueous (ae) and ethanolic extracts (ee) and pilocarpine hydrochloride, which were extracted and isolated from pilocarpus microphyllus (jaborandi), respectively, on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) was performed to quantify these compounds. larval packet and adult immersion tests were conducted with different concentrations. five ae and ee concentrations, ranging from 6.2 to 100.0 mg ml-1, and s ... | 2016 | 27334829 |
| in vitro effects of pilocarpus microphyllus extracts and pilocarpine hydrochloride on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the aim of this study was to assess the activity of aqueous (ae) and ethanolic extracts (ee) and pilocarpine hydrochloride, which were extracted and isolated from pilocarpus microphyllus (jaborandi), respectively, on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) was performed to quantify these compounds. larval packet and adult immersion tests were conducted with different concentrations. five ae and ee concentrations, ranging from 6.2 to 100.0 mg ml-1, and s ... | 2016 | 27276670 |
| acaricidal activity of leaf extracts of dalbergia sissoo roxb. (fabaceae) against synthetic pyrethroid resistant rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | resistance status of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus against synthetic pyrethroids was assessed by larval packet test which revealed level i and ii resistance against cypermethrin and deltamethrin, respectively. adult immersion test was employed to study the acaricidal activity of leaf extracts of dalbergia sissoo (sheesham) against these ticks. mortality and fecundity of ticks exposed to sheesham leaf aqueous (sla) and ethanolic (sle) extracts were evaluated at concentrations of 0.625, 1.25 ... | 2016 | 27234528 |
| population dynamics and evaluation of the partial selective treatment of crossbreed steers naturally infested with rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in a herd from the state of minas gerais in brazil. | the present study aimed to evaluate the population dynamics of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus over a period of 13 months on a rural property located in the state of minas gerais in southeastern brazil. animals were treated for ticks indoors by whole body spraying when r. (b.) microplus had an average count equal or more than 30 ticks. the study also evaluated the possibility of a partial selective treatment for bovines to control r. (b.) microplus in which only a percentage of the populatio ... | 2016 | 26995724 |
| alterations in the oxidative metabolism of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks in response to exposure to the insect growth regulator fluazuron. | aiming to characterize the potential off-target effects of fluazuron on ticks, biochemical analyses were conducted to evaluate changes in the carbohydrate metabolism of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks after exposure to fluazuron. hemolymph and fat body were collected from female ticks before and after (4, 8 and 15 days) exposure to fluazuron. spectrophotometric analyses were done to quantify glucose concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) activity in the hemolymph and the concent ... | 2016 | 26982563 |
| esterase mediated resistance in deltamethrin resistant reference tick colony of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | monitoring of acaricide resistance is considered as one of the important facets of integrated tick management. in an attempt of development of resistance monitoring indicators, in the present study two reference tick lines of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus maintained in the entomology laboratory, indian veterinary research institute (ivri), izatnagar, india, were studied to determine the possible contributing factors involved in development of resistance to deltamethrin. electrophoretic pro ... | 2016 | 26979585 |
| genetic diversity, acaricide resistance status and evolutionary potential of a rhipicephalus microplus population from a disease-controlled cattle farming area in south africa. | the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus is a hematophagous ectoparasite of great veterinary and economic importance. along with its adaptability, reproductive success and vectoring capacity, r. microplus has been reported to develop resistance to the major chemical classes of acaricides currently in use. in south africa, the mnisi community in the mpumalanga region offers a unique opportunity to study the adaptive potential of r. microplus. the aims of this study therefore included cha ... | 2016 | 26965787 |
| isolation of the monooxygenase complex from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus - clues to understanding acaricide resistance. | the monooxygenase complex is composed of three key proteins, a cytochrome p450 (cyp), the cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase (cpr) and cytochrome b5 and plays a key role in the metabolism and detoxification of xenobiotic substances, including pesticides. in addition, overexpression of these components has been linked to pesticide resistance in several important vectors of disease. despite this, the monooxygenase complex has not been isolated from the southern cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) mi ... | 2016 | 26850353 |
| in vitro activity of 3β-o-tigloylmelianol from guarea kunthiana a. juss (meliaceae) on oogenesis and ecdysis of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae). | we evaluated the effects of 3β-o-tigloylmelianol from guarea kunthiana a. juss (meliaceae) on oogenesis, as a larvicide and on ecdysis of the larvae and the nymphs of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae). on the oogenesis' test, 48 engorged females were divided into three groups, evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 h post-treatment. half of the females were treated with 0.01% 3β-o-tigloylmelianol diluted in distilled water and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), wh ... | 2016 | 26844755 |
| survey of cattle tick, riphicephalus (boophilus) microplus, resistance to amitraz and deltamethrin in new caledonia. | the evolution of tick resistance to acaricides in new caledonia was followed in two ways: through two large scale surveys in 1998 and 2014 and through the routine analysis of samples of ticks with suspected resistance. the results of the two approaches were qualitatively similar though analysis of ticks with suspected resistance gave higher frequencies of resistance, as expected of a biased sample. resistance tests using a larval packet test have been conducted since 1993 for deltamethrin and 20 ... | 2016 | 26827863 |
| multiple mutations in the acetylcholinesterase 3 gene associated with organophosphate resistance in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks from punjab, india. | the organophosphate (op) resistance status in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks collected from seventeen districts located in the northwestern indian state, punjab were characterized using three data sets (bioassay, biochemical and molecular assays). adult immersion test (ait) was adopted and the resistance factors (rf) for the field isolates were determined. resistance to malathion was detected in 12 isolates among which 11 showed level i resistance status while level ii status was reco ... | 2016 | 26801603 |
| invitro acaricidal activity of ethnoveterinary plants and green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the present study was designed to investigate the invitro acaricidal effects of seven ethnoveterinary plants, zinc acetate and green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles against the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the selected ethnoveterinary plants were extracted using ethanol and aqueous (water) solvents at 0.02mg/ml and 0.04mg/ml concentrations. of these seven plants, lobelia leschenaultiana showed the highest percentage of tick mortality. the ethanol extracts of l. ... | 2016 | 26801601 |
| genotype by environment interaction for tick resistance of hereford and braford beef cattle using reaction norm models. | the cattle tick is a parasite that adversely affects livestock performance in tropical areas. although countries such as australia and brazil have developed genetic evaluations for tick resistance, these evaluations have not considered genotype by environment (g*e) interactions. genetic gains could be adversely affected, since breedstock comparisons are environmentally dependent on the presence of g*e interactions, particularly if residual variability is also heterogeneous across environments. t ... | 2016 | 26767704 |
| a review of reverse vaccinology approaches for the development of vaccines against ticks and tick borne diseases. | the field of reverse vaccinology developed as an outcome of the genome sequence revolution. following the introduction of live vaccinations in the western world by edward jenner in 1798 and the coining of the phrase 'vaccine', in 1881 pasteur developed a rational design for vaccines. pasteur proposed that in order to make a vaccine that one should 'isolate, inactivate and inject the microorganism' and these basic rules of vaccinology were largely followed for the next 100 years leading to the el ... | 2016 | 26723274 |
| synergistic action of fatty acids, sulphides and stilbene against acaricide-resistant rhipicephalus microplus ticks. | six compounds in a methanolic extract of petiveria alliacea stem (cis-stilbene; benzyl disulphide; benzyl trisulphide; and methyl esters of hexadecanoic acid, octadecadienoic acid and octadecenoic acid) are known to exercise acaricide activity against cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus larvae and adults. the synergistic effect of 57 combinations of these six compounds on acaricide activity against r. microplus was evaluated. larvae immersion tests produced the lethal concentrations needed to ki ... | 2016 | 27692312 |
| synergism of thymol, carvacrol and eugenol in larvae of the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus, and brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. | the effects of combinations of the monoterpenes thymol and carvacrol and the phenylpropanoid eugenol in larvae of rhipicephalus microplus (canestrini, 1888) (acari: ixodidae) and rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) (acari: ixodidae) were assessed by the larval packet test. the compusyn program was used to make qualitative assessments of the effects (synergistic, additive and antagonistic) of the associations. the effects of all combinations tested against r. microplus larvae were synergis ... | 2016 | 27392803 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of cattle tick (rhipicephalus microplus). | in this study, we report the basic characteristics of the cattle tick mitochondrial genome, including structural organization and base composition of the rrnas, trnas and protein-coding genes. the total length of the mitogenome was 14,901 bp and its overall base composition was estimated to be 38.8% for a, 40.8% for t, 11.3 % for c, 9.1% for g, respectively, indicating an a-t(79.6 %)-rich feature in rhipicephalus microplus mitogenome. | 2016 | 24708109 |
| distribution of spotted fever group rickettsiae in hard ticks (ixodida: ixodidae) from panamanian urban and rural environments (2007-2013). | tick-borne rickettsiosis is an important emerging disease in panama; to date, there have been 12 confirmed cases, including eight fatalities. to evaluate the distribution of rickettsiae in panamanian ticks, we collected questing and on-host ticks in urban and rural towns in elevations varying between 0 and 2300 m. a total of 63 sites (13 urban and 50 rural towns) were used to develop models of spatial distributions. we found the following tick species: rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (present in 5 ... | 2016 | 27068930 |
| effective inhibition of thrombin by rhipicephalus microplus serpin-15 (rms-15) obtained in the yeast pichia pastoris. | the cattle tick (rhipicephalus microplus) affects cattle industries in tropical and subtropical countries because it is the vector of babesiosis and anaplasmosis which constitutes a threat to the health of cattle. during blooding feeding, ticks secrete saliva containing a complex of bioactive molecules into the injured site to evade host's defensive responses. serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are important anti-haemostatic molecules present in tick saliva that are necessary for a successful ... | 2016 | 26530984 |
| detection of rickettsiae in fleas and ticks from areas of costa rica with history of spotted fever group rickettsioses. | outbreaks of spotted fevers have been reported in costa rica since the 1950s, although vectors responsible for transmission to humans have not been directly identified. in this study, species of rickettsia were detected in ectoparasites from costa rica, mostly from five study sites where cases of spotted fevers have been reported. ticks and fleas were collected using drag cloths or directly from domestic and wild animals and pooled according to species, host, and location. pools were analyzed in ... | 2016 | 27592065 |
| ticks infesting humans in northern misiones, argentina. | this work presents records of ticks infesting humans in northern misiones province, argentina. also, notes on potential transmission of tick-borne pathogens are included. a total of 282 ticks attached to researchers were collected and identified by their morphological characters. eight tick species were found: amblyomma brasiliense, amblyomma coelebs, amblyomma dubitatum, amblyomma incisum, amblyomma ovale, haemaphysalis juxtakochi, rhipicephalus sanguineus and rhipicephalus microplus. some of t ... | 2016 | 27135846 |
| tick repellents and acaricides of botanical origin: a green roadmap to control tick-borne diseases? | arthropods are dangerous vectors of agents of deadly diseases, which may hit as epidemics or pandemics in the increasing world population of humans and animals. among them, ticks transmit more pathogen species than any other group of blood-feeding arthropods worldwide. thus, the effective and eco-friendly control of tick vectors in a constantly changing environment is a crucial challenge. a number of novel routes have been attempted to prevent and control tick-borne diseases, including the devel ... | 2016 | 27146901 |
| the chemosensory appendage proteome of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) reveals putative odorant-binding and other chemoreception-related proteins. | proteomic analyses were done on 2 chemosensory appendages of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum. proteins in the fore tarsi, which contain the olfactory haller's organ, and in the palps, that include gustatory sensilla, were compared with proteins in the third tarsi. also, male and female ticks were compared. proteins were identified by sequence similarity to known proteins, and by 3-dimensional homology modeling. proteomic data were also compared with organ-specific transcriptomes from th ... | 2016 | 27307202 |
| the putative role of rhipicephalus microplus salivary serpins in the tick-host relationship. | inflammation and hemostasis are part of the host's first line of defense to tick feeding. these systems are in part serine protease mediated and are tightly controlled by their endogenous inhibitors, in the serpin superfamily (serine protease inhibitors). from this perspective ticks are thought to use serpins to evade host defenses during feeding. the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus encodes at least 24 serpins, of which rms-3, rms-6, and rms-17 were previously identified in saliva of this ti ... | 2016 | 26844868 |
| chemo-profiling and bioassay of phytoextracts from ageratum conyzoides for acaricidal properties against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) infesting cattle and buffaloes in india. | in india, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus populations have developed a certain level of resistance to most of the acaricides marketed against tick species. to manage the problem, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the acaricidal potential of ageratum conyzoides plants against acaricides-resistant ticks infesting cattle and buffaloes. the regression analysis of dose-response data of ethanolic extract of a. conyzoides revealed lc90 value of 8.91% against reference susceptible ivri-1 ... | 2016 | 26723275 |
| lab-on-a-chip and sds-page analysis of hemolymph protein profile from rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) infected with entomopathogenic nematode and fungus. | in the present study, lab-on-a-chip electrophoresis (loac) was suggested as an alternative method to the conventional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions (sds-page) to analyze raw cell-free tick hemolymph. rhipicephalus microplus females were exposed to the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae senso latu ibcb 116 strain and/or to the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis indica lpp1 strain. hemolymph from not exposed or exposed ticks was collected 16 and ... | 2016 | 27174026 |
| clinicopatho-biochemical alterations associated with subclinical babesiosis in dairy animals. | present investigation is based on the clinicopatho-biochemical alteration related to natural tick borne bovine babesiosis in punjab state. | 2016 | 27308284 |
| babesia bovis and babesia bigemina infection levels estimated by qpcr in angus cattle from an endemic area of são paulo state, brazil. | the levels of infection by babesia bovis and babesia bigemina were estimated by absolute quantification through the quantitative pcr technique (qpcr). fifty-one contemporaneous angus cattle were evaluated on two occasions. the number of standard female rhipicephalus microplus ticks present on the left side of the body was counted and blood samples were drawn from the tail vein into tubes containing the anticoagulant edta. the blood samples were submitted to dna extraction and used to quantify th ... | 2016 | 26907097 |
| genetic diversity and molecular characterization of babesia motasi-like in small ruminants and ixodid ticks from china. | ovine babesioses, an important tick-borne disease of sheep and goats in china, is caused by the reproduction of intraerythrocytic protozoa of the babesia genus. babesia motasi-like is a babesia parasite that infects small ruminant in china, and two sub-groups of b. motasi-like can be subdivided based on differences in the rhoptry-associated-protein-1 gene. this study aimed to characterize the distribution, epidemiology and genetics of b. motasi-like in animals and ticks. a molecular investigatio ... | 2016 | 26976477 |
| molecular epidemiological surveillance to assess emergence and re-emergence of tick-borne infections in tick samples from china evaluated by nested pcrs. | an investigation was performed to detect eight pathogens in ticks collected from grass tips or animals in the southern, central and northeast regions of china. dna samples extracted from ticks were collected from ten different locations in eight provinces of china and subjected to screening for tick-borne pathogens, including borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, ehrlichia spp., rickettsia spp., babesia/theileria spp., ehrlichia ruminantium, coxiella burnetii, and francisella tularensis, using nested ... | 2016 | 26943995 |
| unveiling the oxidative metabolism of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) experimentally exposed to entomopathogenic fungi. | rhipicephalus microplus is an important tick in tropical regions due to the high economic losses caused by its parasitism. metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana are well-known entomopathogenic fungi that can afflict r. microplus ticks. the development of new targets and strategies to control this parasite can be driven by studies of this tick's physiology. recently, it was reported that when exposed to adverse physiological conditions, ticks can activate fermentative pathways, indicating ... | 2016 | 27354113 |
| coxiella symbionts are widespread into hard ticks. | ticks are blood-feeding arthropods and can harbor several bacteria, including the worldwide zoonotic disease q-fever agent coxiella burnetii. recent studies have reported a distinct group of coxiella mostly associated with ixodidae ticks, including the primary endosymbionts of amblyomma americanum. in the present work, a screening for coxiella infection was performed by 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) gene analyses in 293 tick samples of 15 different species sampled worldwide, including brazil, colombi ... | 2016 | 27595990 |
| minimum infection rate of ehrlichia minasensis in rhipicephalus microplus and amblyomma sculptum ticks in brazil. | a new genotype phylogenetically close to ehrlichia canis named as ehrlichia minasensis was identified infecting cattle and deer in canada, as well as rhipicephalus microplus ticks and cattle in brazil. although it was detected in r. microplus, little is known about the epidemiology of this ehrlichiosis, especially in other tick species. this study evaluated the minimum infection rate of e. minasensis in amblyomma sculptum and r. microplus ticks from locations where naturally infected cattle were ... | 2016 | 27084673 |
| laboratory scale production of recombinant haa86 tick protein in pichia pastoris and in escherichia coli system. | the commercial recombinant bm86-based vaccines against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in australia (tickgard™, tickgard plus™) and in cuba (gavac™) provided significant impetus to researchers globally to work on anti-tick vaccines. the bm86 homologue of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum izatnagar isolate, rhaa86, is considered a potent vaccine candidate against hyalomma tick species, transmitting animal and human diseases. the two expression systems, prokaryotic, using bacterial expression pla ... | 2016 | 27076316 |
| metarhizium anisopliae for controlling rhipicephalus microplus ticks under field conditions. | metarril sp organic is a product based on the fungus metarhizium anisopliae, which was developed for controlling agricultural pests. the present study evaluated the effect of metarril sp organic plus 10% mineral oil, for controlling rhipicephalus microplus under field conditions. three groups were formed: control group, which received no treatment; oil control group, which was bathed only with water, tween 80 and mineral oil; and metarril group, bathed in the oil-based formulation metarril sp or ... | 2016 | 27198775 |
| hard ticks (acari: ixodidae) of livestock in nicaragua, with notes about distribution. | we document the species of ticks that parasitize livestock in nicaragua. the study was based on tick collection on cattle and horses from 437 farms in nine departments. of 4841 animals examined (4481 cows and 360 horses), 3299 were parasitized, which represent 68 % of the bovines and 67 % of the equines in study: 59 cows and 25 horses were parasitized by more than one species. in addition, 280 specimens of the entomological museum in león were examined. the ticks found on cattle were rhipicephal ... | 2016 | 27392740 |
| nellore cattle (bos indicus) and ticks within the brazilian pantanal: ecological relationships. | pantanal is a huge floodplain mostly in brazil, and its main economic activity is extensive cattle raising, in farms characterized by an extremely wildlife-rich environment. we herein describe tick infestations of cattle and of the natural environment in pantanal of nhecolândia in brazil, at areas with and without cattle during both dry and wet seasons. environmental sampling resulted in three tick species: amblyomma sculptum (423 nymphs and 518 adults), amblyomma parvum (7 nymphs and 129 adults ... | 2016 | 26613758 |