Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| crystal structure of the effector avrlm4-7 of leptosphaeria maculans reveals insights into its translocation into plant cells and recognition by resistance proteins. | the avirulence gene avrlm4-7 of leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of stem canker in brassica napus (oilseed rape), confers a dual specificity of recognition by two resistance genes (rlm4 and rlm7) and is strongly involved in fungal fitness. in order to elucidate the biological function of avrlm4-7 and understand the specificity of recognition by rlm4 and rlm7, the avrlm4-7 protein was produced in pichia pastoris and its crystal structure was determined. it revealed the presence of four di ... | 2015 | 26082394 |
| characterization of plants expressing the human β1,4-galactosyltrasferase gene. | modification of the plant n-glycosylation pathway towards human type structures is an important strategy to implement plants as expression systems for therapeutic proteins. nevertheless, relatively little is known about the overall impact of non-plant glycosylation enzymes in stable transformed plants. here, we analyzed transgenic lines (nicotiana benthamiana and arabidopsis thaliana) that stably express a modified version of human β1,4-galactosyltransferase ((st)galt). while some transgenic pla ... | 2015 | 25900423 |
| arabidopsis thaliana homeobox 1 (athb1), a homedomain-leucine zipper i (hd-zip i) transcription factor, is regulated by phytochrome-interacting factor 1 to promote hypocotyl elongation. | arabidopsis thaliana homeobox 1 (athb1) is a homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factor described as a transcriptional activator with unknown function. its role in a. thaliana development was investigated. athb1 expression was analyzed in transgenic plants bearing its promoter region fused to reporter genes. knock-down mutant and overexpressor plant phenotypes were analyzed in different photoperiod regimes. athb1 was mainly expressed in hypocotyls and roots and up-regulated in seedlings gro ... | 2015 | 25865500 |
| expression of mouse mgat in arabidopsis results in increased lipid accumulation in seeds. | worldwide demand for vegetable oil is projected to double within the next 30 years due to increasing food, fuel, and industrial requirements. there is therefore great interest in metabolic engineering strategies that boost oil accumulation in plant tissues, however, efforts to date have only achieved levels of storage lipid accumulation in plant tissues far below the benchmark to meet demand. monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (mgat) is predominantly associated with lipid absorption and resynthesi ... | 2015 | 26834753 |
| attenuation of histone methyltransferase kryptonite-mediated transcriptional gene silencing by geminivirus. | although histone h3k9 methylation has been intensively studied in animals and a model plant arabidopsis thaliana, little is known about the evolution of the histone methyltransferase and its roles in plant biotic stress response. here we identified a nicotiana benthamiana homolog of h3k9 histone methyltransferase kryptonite (nbkyp) and demonstrated its fundamental roles on methylation of plant and virus, beside of leading to the suppression of endogenous gene expression and virus replication. nb ... | 2015 | 26602265 |
| myosin-powered membrane compartment drives cytoplasmic streaming, cell expansion and plant development. | using genetic approaches, particle image velocimetry and an inert tracer of cytoplasmic streaming, we have made a mechanistic connection between the motor proteins (myosins xi), cargo transported by these motors (distinct endomembrane compartment defined by membrane-anchored myob receptors) and the process of cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells. it is shown that the myob compartment in nicotiana benthamiana is highly dynamic moving with the mean velocity of ~3 μm/sec. in contrast, golgi, mitoch ... | 2015 | 26426395 |
| grapevine and arabidopsis cation-chloride cotransporters localize to the golgi and trans-golgi network and indirectly influence long-distance ion transport and plant salt tolerance. | plant cation-chloride cotransporters (cccs) have been implicated in conferring salt tolerance. they are predicted to improve shoot salt exclusion by directly catalyzing the retrieval of sodium (na(+)) and chloride (cl(-)) ions from the root xylem. we investigated whether grapevine (vitis vinifera [vvi]) ccc has a role in salt tolerance by cloning and functionally characterizing the gene from the cultivar cabernet sauvignon. amino acid sequence analysis revealed that vviccc shares a high degree o ... | 2015 | 26378102 |
| the bifurcation of the cyanogenic glucoside and glucosinolate biosynthetic pathways. | the biosynthetic pathway for the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin in sorghum has previously been shown to involve the sequential production of (e)- and (z)-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime. in this study we used microsomes prepared from wild-type and mutant sorghum or transiently transformed nicotiana benthamiana to demonstrate that cyp79a1 catalyzes conversion of tyrosine to (e)-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime whereas cyp71e1 catalyzes conversion of (e)-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime into the corresponding geo ... | 2015 | 26361733 |
| a crispr/cas9 toolbox for multiplexed plant genome editing and transcriptional regulation. | the relative ease, speed, and biological scope of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)/crispr-associated protein9 (cas9)-based reagents for genomic manipulations are revolutionizing virtually all areas of molecular biosciences, including functional genomics, genetics, applied biomedical research, and agricultural biotechnology. in plant systems, however, a number of hurdles currently exist that limit this technology from reaching its full potential. for example, sig ... | 2015 | 26297141 |
| expression and functional analysis of wrky transcription factors in chinese wild hazel, corylus heterophylla fisch. | plant wrky transcription factors are known to regulate various biotic and abiotic stress responses. in this study we identified a total of 30 putative wrky unigenes in a transcriptome dataset of the chinese wild hazel, corylus heterophylla, a species that is noted for its cold tolerance. thirteen full-length of these chwrky genes were cloned and found to encode complete protein sequences, and they were divided into three groups, based on the number of wrky domains and the pattern of zinc finger ... | 2015 | 26270529 |
| transcriptional transitions in nicotiana benthamiana leaves upon induction of oil synthesis by wrinkled1 homologs from diverse species and tissues. | carbon accumulation and remobilization are essential mechanisms in plants to ensure energy transfer between plant tissues with different functions or metabolic needs and to support new generations. knowledge about the regulation of carbon allocation into oil (triacylglycerol) in plant storage tissue can be of great economic and environmental importance for developing new high-yielding oil crops. here, the effect on global gene expression as well as on physiological changes in leaves transiently ... | 2015 | 26253704 |
| distinct cellular locations of carbonic anhydrases mediate carbon dioxide control of stomatal movements. | elevated carbon dioxide (co2) in leaves closes stomatal apertures. research has shown key functions of the β-carbonic anhydrases (βca1 and βca4) in rapid co2-induced stomatal movements by catalytic transmission of the co2 signal in guard cells. however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, because initial studies indicate that these arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) βcas are targeted to distinct intracellular compartments upon expression in tobacco (nicotiana benthamiana) cells. which cell ... | 2015 | 26243620 |
| a novel gene, ozone-responsive apoplastic protein1, enhances cell death in ozone stress in rice. | a novel protein, ozone-responsive apoplastic protein1 (osorap1), was characterized, which was previously suggested as a candidate gene underlying ozt9, a quantitative trait locus for ozone stress tolerance in rice (oryza sativa). the sequence of osorap1 was similar to that of ascorbate oxidase (ao) proteins. it was localized in the apoplast, as shown by transient expression of an osorap1/green fluorescent protein fusion construct in nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal and mesophyll cells, but d ... | 2015 | 26220952 |
| degradation of class e mads-domain transcription factors in arabidopsis by a phytoplasmal effector, phyllogen. | members of the sepallata (sep) gene sub-family encode class e floral homeotic mads-domain transcription factors (mads tfs) that specify the identity of floral organs. the arabidopsis thaliana genome contains 4 ancestrally duplicated and functionally redundant sep genes, sep1-4. recently, a gene family of unique effectors, phyllogens, was identified as an inducer of leaf-like floral organs in phytoplasmas (plant pathogenic bacteria). while it was shown that phyllogens target some mads tfs, includ ... | 2015 | 26179462 |
| in silico prediction of proteins related to xyloglucan fucosyltransferases in solanaceae genomes. | two independent studies have shown that the cell wall of pollen tubes from tobacco and tomato species contained fucosylated xyloglucan (xyg). these findings are intriguing as many reports have shown that xyg of somatic cells of these species is not fucosylated but instead is arabinosylated. in order to produce fucosylated xyg, plants must express a functional galactoside α-2-fucosyltransferase. here, using a bioinformatics approach, we show that several candidate genes coding for xyg fucosyltran ... | 2015 | 26176901 |
| the nucleolar gtpase nucleostemin-like 1 plays a role in plant growth and senescence by modulating ribosome biogenesis. | nucleostemin is a nucleolar gtp-binding protein that is involved in stem cell proliferation, embryonic development, and ribosome biogenesis in mammals. plant nucleostemin-like 1 (nsn1) plays a role in embryogenesis, and apical and floral meristem development. in this study, a nucleolar function of nsn1 in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis was identified. green fluorescent protein (gfp)-fused nsn1 localized to the nucleolus, which was primarily determined by its n-terminal domain. recombinant ... | 2015 | 26163696 |
| arp2/3 complex subunit arpc2 binds to microtubules. | arp2/3 complex plays a fundamental role in the nucleation of actin filaments (afs) in yeasts, plants, and animals. in plants, the aberrant shaping and elongation of several types of epidermal cells observed in arp2/3 complex knockout plant mutants suggest the importance of arp2/3-mediated actin nucleation for various morphogenetic processes. here we show that arpc2, a core arp2/3 complex subunit, interacts with both actin filaments (afs) and microtubules (mts). plant gfp-arpc2 expressed in nicot ... | 2015 | 26706062 |
| comparison of vhh-fc antibody production in arabidopsis thaliana, nicotiana benthamiana and pichia pastoris. | vhhs or nanobodies are widely acknowledged as interesting diagnostic and therapeutic tools. however, for some applications, multivalent antibody formats, such as the dimeric vhh-fc format, are desired to increase the functional affinity. the scope of this study was to compare transient expression of diagnostic vhh-fc antibodies in nicotiana benthamiana leaves with their stable expression in arabidopsis thaliana seeds and pichia pastoris. to this end, vhh-fc antibodies targeting green fluorescent ... | 2015 | 25641071 |
| molecular analysis and localization of caara7 a conventional rab5 gtpase from characean algae. | rab5 gtpases are important regulators of endosomal membrane traffic. among them arabidopsis thaliana ara7/rabf2b is highly conserved and homologues are present in fungal, animal and plant kingdoms. in land plants ara7 and its homologues are involved in endocytosis and transport towards the vacuole. here we report on the isolation of an ara7 homologue (caara7/carabf2) in the highly evolved characean green alga chara australis. it encodes a polypeptide of 202 amino acids with a calculated molecula ... | 2015 | 25639563 |
| the importance of the kr-rich region of the coat protein of ourmia melon virus for host specificity, tissue tropism, and interference with antiviral defense. | the n-terminal region of the ourmia melon virus (oumv) coat protein (cp) contains a short lysine/arginine-rich (kr) region. by alanine scanning mutagenesis, we showed that the kr region influences pathogenicity and virulence of oumv without altering viral particle assembly. a mutant, called oumv6710, with three basic residue substitutions in the kr region, was impaired in the ability to maintain the initial systemic infection in nicotiana benthamiana and to infect both cucumber and melon plants ... | 2015 | 25494356 |
| arabinogalactan biosynthesis: implication of atgalt29a enzyme activity regulated by phosphorylation and co-localized enzymes for nucleotide sugar metabolism in the compartments outside of the golgi apparatus. | arabinogalactan proteins are abundant cell surface proteoglycans in plants and are implicated to act as developmental markers during plant growth. we previously reported that atgalt31a, atgalt29a, and atglcat14a-c, which are involved in the biosynthesis of arabinogalactan proteins, localize not only to the golgi cisternae but also to smaller compartments, which may be a part of the unconventional protein secretory pathway in plants. in poulsen et al., (1) we have demonstrated increased targeting ... | 2015 | 25723364 |
| cloning and functional validation of molybdenum cofactor sulfurase gene from ammopiptanthus nanus. | the molybdenum cofactor sulfurase gene ( anmcsu ) was cloned from xerophytic desert plant ammopiptanthus nanus and validated for its function of tolerance toward abiotic stresses by heterologous expression in arabidopsis thaliana. molybdenum cofactor sulfurase participates in catalyzing biosynthesis of abscisic acid, which plays a crucial role in the response of plants to abiotic stresses. in this study, we cloned molybdenum cofactor sulfurase gene (anmcsu) from a super-xerophytic desert plant, ... | 2015 | 25721201 |
| the phenylpropanoid pathway is controlled at different branches by a set of r2r3-myb c2 repressors in grapevine. | because of the vast range of functions that phenylpropanoids possess, their synthesis requires precise spatiotemporal coordination throughout plant development and in response to the environment. the accumulation of these secondary metabolites is transcriptionally controlled by positive and negative regulators from the myb and basic helix-loop-helix protein families. we characterized four grapevine (vitis vinifera) r2r3-myb proteins from the c2 repressor motif clade, all of which harbor the ethy ... | 2015 | 25659381 |
| the brassica napus receptor-like protein rlm2 is encoded by a second allele of the lepr3/rlm2 blackleg resistance locus. | leucine-rich repeat receptor-like proteins (lrr-rlps) are highly adaptable parts of the signalling apparatus for extracellular detection of plant pathogens. resistance to blackleg disease of brassica spp. caused by leptosphaeria maculans is largely governed by host race-specific r-genes, including the lrr-rlp gene lepr3. the blackleg resistance gene rlm2 was previously mapped to the same genetic interval as lepr3. in this study, the lepr3 locus of the rlm2 brassica napus line 'glacier dh24287' w ... | 2015 | 25644479 |
| agrobacterium t-dna integration into the plant genome can occur without the activity of key non-homologous end-joining proteins. | non-homologous end joining (nhej) is the major model proposed for agrobacterium t-dna integration into the plant genome. in animal cells, several proteins, including ku70, ku80, artemis, dna-pkcs, dna ligase iv (lig4), ataxia telangiectasia mutated (atm), and atm- and rad3-related (atr), play an important role in 'classical' (c)nhej. other proteins, including histone h1 (hon1), xrcc1, and parp1, participate in a 'backup' (b)nhej process. we examined transient and stable transformation frequencie ... | 2015 | 25641249 |
| acpip2, a plasma membrane intrinsic protein from halophyte atriplex canescens, enhances plant growth rate and abiotic stress tolerance when overexpressed in arabidopsis thaliana. | an aquaporin protein acpip2 from atriplex canescens was involved in plant growth rate, abiotic stress tolerance in arabidopsis. under limited water condition, acpip2 leaded to the sensitivity to drought stress. an aquaporin protein (acpip2) was obtained from the saltbush atriplex canescens, which was in pip2 subgroup belonging to the pip subfamily, mip superfamily. the subcellular localization of acpip2 showed the fusion protein acpip2-egfp located at the plasma membrane in nicotiana benthamiana ... | 2015 | 25947559 |
| arabidopsis lectin receptor kinases lecrk-ix.1 and lecrk-ix.2 are functional analogs in regulating phytophthora resistance and plant cell death. | l-type lectin receptor kinases (lecrk) are potential immune receptors. here, we characterized two closely-related arabidopsis lecrk, lecrk-ix.1 and lecrk-ix.2, of which t-dna insertion mutants showed compromised resistance to phytophthora brassicae and phytophthora capsici, with double mutants showing additive susceptibility. overexpression of lecrk-ix.1 or lecrk-ix.2 in arabidopsis and transient expression in nicotiana benthamiana increased phytophthora resistance but also induced cell death. p ... | 2015 | 26011556 |
| multiple avirulence loci and allele-specific effector recognition control the pm3 race-specific resistance of wheat to powdery mildew. | in cereals, several mildew resistance genes occur as large allelic series; for example, in wheat (triticum aestivum and triticum turgidum), 17 functional pm3 alleles confer agronomically important race-specific resistance to powdery mildew (blumeria graminis). the molecular basis of race specificity has been characterized in wheat, but little is known about the corresponding avirulence genes in powdery mildew. here, we dissected the genetics of avirulence for six pm3 alleles and found that three ... | 2015 | 26452600 |
| l-type lectin receptor kinases in nicotiana benthamiana and tomato and their role in phytophthora resistance. | membrane-bound receptors play crucial roles as sentinels of plant immunity against a large variety of invading microbes. one class of receptors known to be involved in self/non-self-surveillance and plant resistance comprises the l-type lectin receptor kinases (lecrks). previously, we reported that several arabidopsis lecrks play a role in resistance to phytophthora pathogens. in this study, we determined whether homologues of these lecrks from the solanaceous plants nicotiana benthamiana and to ... | 2015 | 26248665 |
| two cytoplasmic effectors of phytophthora sojae regulate plant cell death via interactions with plant catalases. | plant pathogenic oomycetes, such as phytophthora sojae, secrete an arsenal of host cytoplasmic effectors to promote infection. we have shown previously that p. sojae pscrn63 (for crinkling- and necrosis-inducing proteins) induces programmed cell death (pcd) while pscrn115 blocks pcd in planta; however, they are jointly required for full pathogenesis. here, we find that pscrn63 alone or pscrn63 and pscrn115 together might suppress the immune responses of nicotiana benthamiana and demonstrate that ... | 2015 | 25424308 |
| the ghkl atpase morc1 modulates species-specific plant immunity in solanaceae. | the microrchidia (morc) proteins, a subset of the ghkl atpase superfamily, were recently described as components involved in transcriptional gene silencing and plant immunity in arabidopsis. to assess the role of morc1 during resistance to phytophthora infestans in solanaceous species, we altered the expression of the corresponding morc1 homologs in potato, tomato, and nicotiana benthamiana. basal resistance to p. infestans was compromised in stmorc1-silenced potato and enhanced in overexpressin ... | 2015 | 25822715 |
| immune activation mediated by the late blight resistance protein r1 requires nuclear localization of r1 and the effector avr1. | resistance against oomycete pathogens is mainly governed by intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (nlr) receptors that recognize matching avirulence (avr) proteins from the pathogen, rxlr effectors that are delivered inside host cells. detailed molecular understanding of how and where nlr proteins and rxlr effectors interact is essential to inform the deployment of durable resistance (r) genes. fluorescent tags, nuclear localization signals (nlss) and nuclear export signals (ness) ... | 2015 | 25760731 |
| natural variation in monoterpene synthesis in kiwifruit: transcriptional regulation of terpene synthases by nac and ethylene-insensitive3-like transcription factors. | two kiwifruit (actinidia) species with contrasting terpene profiles were compared to understand the regulation of fruit monoterpene production. high rates of terpinolene production in ripe actinidia arguta fruit were correlated with increasing gene and protein expression of a. arguta terpene synthase1 (aatps1) and correlated with an increase in transcript levels of the 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway enzyme 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (dxs). actinidia chinensis terpene sy ... | 2015 | 25649633 |
| a phytophthora sojae cytoplasmic effector mediates disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance in nicotiana benthamiana. | each oomycete pathogen encodes a large number of effectors. some effectors can be used in crop disease resistance breeding, such as to accelerate r gene cloning and utilisation. since cytoplasmic effectors may cause acute physiological changes in host cells at very low concentrations, we assume that some of these effectors can serve as functional genes for transgenic plants. here, we generated transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants that express a phytophthora sojae crn (crinkling and necrosis) ... | 2015 | 26039925 |
| tomato sobir1/evr homologs are involved in elicitin perception and plant defense against the oomycete pathogen phytophthora parasitica. | during host-pathogen interactions, pattern recognition receptors form complexes with proteins, such as receptor-like kinases, to elicit pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (pti), an evolutionarily conserved plant defense program. however, little is known about the components of the receptor complex, as are the molecular events leading to pti induced by the oomycete phytophthora pathogen. here, we demonstrate that tomato (solanum lycopersicum) slsobir1 and slsobir1-like genes ... | 2015 | 25710821 |
| additional diterpenes from physcomitrella patens synthesized by copalyl diphosphate/kaurene synthase (ppcps/ks). | the bifunctional diterpene synthase, copalyl diphosphate/kaurene synthase from the moss physcomitrella patens (ppcps/ks), catalyses the formation of at least four diterpenes, including ent-beyerene, ent-sandaracopimaradiene, ent-kaur-16-ene, and 16-hydroxy-ent-kaurene. the enzymatic activity has been confirmed through generation of a targeted ppcps/ks knock-out mutant in p. patens via homologous recombination, through transient expression of ppcps/ks in nicotiana benthamiana, and expression of p ... | 2015 | 26248039 |
| towards elucidating carnosic acid biosynthesis in lamiaceae: functional characterization of the three first steps of the pathway in salvia fruticosa and rosmarinus officinalis. | carnosic acid (ca) is a phenolic diterpene with anti-tumour, anti-diabetic, antibacterial and neuroprotective properties that is produced by a number of species from several genera of the lamiaceae family, including salvia fruticosa (cretan sage) and rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary). to elucidate ca biosynthesis, glandular trichome transcriptome data of s. fruticosa were mined for terpene synthase genes. two putative diterpene synthase genes, namely sfcps and sfksl, showing similarities to copa ... | 2015 | 26020634 |
| construction of an infectious clone of a plant rna virus in a binary vector using one-step gibson assembly. | the construction of full-length infectious clones of rna viruses is often laborious due to the many cloning steps required and the dna exclusion within the plasmid during escherichia coli transformation. we demonstrate single-step cloning procedure of an infectious cdna of the tomato blistering mosaic virus (tobmv) using gibson assembly (ga), which drastically reduces the number of cloning steps. by agro-inoculation with the construct obtained by this procedure, tobmv was recovered six days post ... | 2015 | 25986144 |
| [[expression of house dust mite allergens der f1 and der f2 in nicotiana benthamiana leaves]. | the class e immunoglobulins (ige) is known to recognize conformational epitopes and therefore the native conformation of recombinant allergens is essential for their using in test-systems. recombinant dermatophagoides farinae house dust mite (hdm) allergens der f1 and der f2 were expressed in bacteria escherichia coli and nicotiana benthamiana plants. it has been shown that ige in sera from children allergic to hdm recognizes der f2 expressed both in e. coli and n. benthamiana. mature form of de ... | 2015 | 25898757 |
| high temperature, high ambient co₂ affect the interactions between three positive-sense rna viruses and a compatible host differentially, but not their silencing suppression efficiencies. | we compared infection of nicotiana benthamiana plants by the positive-sense rna viruses cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), potato virus y (pvy), and by a potato virus x (pvx) vector, the latter either unaltered or expressing the cmv 2b protein or the pvy hcpro suppressors of silencing, at 25°c vs. 30°c, or at standard (~401 parts per million, ppm) vs. elevated (970 ppm) co2 levels. we also assessed the activities of their suppressors of silencing under those conditions. we found that at 30°c, accumula ... | 2015 | 26313753 |
| characterisation and diagnosis of frangipani mosaic virus from india. | frangipani mosaic virus (frmv) is known to infect frangipani tree (plumeria rubra f. acutifolia) in india but the virus has not been characterized at genomic level and diagnosis is not available. in the present study, an isolate of frmv (frmv-ind-1) showing greenish mosaic and vein-banding symptoms in p. rubra f. acutifolia in new delhi was characterized based on host reactions, serology and genome sequence. the virus isolate induced local symptoms on several new experimental host species: capsi ... | 2015 | 26239043 |
| satellite rnas interfere with the function of viral rna silencing suppressors. | viral satellite rnas (satrnas) are small subviral rnas and depend on the helper virus for replication and spread. satrnas can attenuate helper virus-induced symptoms, the mechanism of which remains unclear. here, we show that two virus-encoded suppressors of rna silencing (vsrs), cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) 2b and tombusvirus p19, suppress hairpin rna (hprna)-induced silencing of a β-glucuronidase (gus) gene in nicotiana benthamiana. this suppression can be overcome by cmv y-satellite rna (y-sat ... | 2015 | 25964791 |
| three gene products of a begomovirus-betasatellite complex restore expression of a transcriptionally silenced green fluorescent protein transgene in nicotiana benthamiana. | single-stranded dna geminiviruses replicate via double-stranded dna intermediates forming mini-chromosomes that are targets for transcriptional gene silencing (tgs) in plants. the ability of the cotton leaf curl kokhran virus (clcukov)-cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite (clcumub) proteins, replication-associated protein (rep), transcriptional activator protein (trap), c4, v2 and βc1, to suppress tgs was investigated by using the nicotiana benthamiana line 16-tgs (16-tgs) harbouring a transcri ... | 2015 | 25537949 |
| immunogenicity of h1n1 influenza virus-like particles produced in nicotiana benthamiana. | the h1n1 influenza pandemic of 2009 stimulated interest in developing safe and effective subunit influenza vaccines using rapid and cost-effective recombinant technologies that can avoid dependence on hens' eggs supply and live viruses for production. among alternative approaches to subunit vaccine development, virus-like particles (vlps) represent an attractive strategy due to their safety and immunogenicity. previously, we have produced a recombinant monomeric hemagglutinin (ha) protein derive ... | 2015 | 25483524 |
| heterologous replicase driven 3' end repair of cucumber mosaic virus satellite rna. | to investigate the extent of the 3' end repair in a satellite rna of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) strain q (q(sat)) by a heterologous tomato aspermy virus (tav), a set of biologically active agrotransformants corresponding to the three genomic rnas of tav was developed. analysis of nicotiana benthamiana plants agroinfiltrated with tav and either wild type or each of the six 3' deletion mutants of q(sat) revealed that (i) heterologous replicase failed to generate q(sat) multimers, a hallmark featu ... | 2015 | 25705791 |
| a single amino acid at n-terminal region of the 2b protein of cucumber mosaic virus strain m1 has a pivotal role in virus attenuation. | host responses to infection by a mild strain of cucumber mosaic virus, termed cmv-m1, were re-examined in several plant species in comparison with those by a severe strain cmv-y. mild systemic symptoms were developed on the six plant species inoculated with cmv-m1. virus titer in the nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with cmv-m1 was significantly lower than those infected with cmv-y, although infection by cmv-m1 interfered with further infection by cmv-y in the plants. subsequently, the atte ... | 2015 | 25541532 |
| rnai mediated broad-spectrum transgenic resistance in nicotiana benthamiana to chilli-infecting begomoviruses. | two rnai constructs were designed targeting chilli-infecting begomoviruses and associated betasatellites. broad-spectrum resistance was achieved against multiple begomoviruses associated with leaf curl disease of chillies in india. chilli leaf curl disease (chilcd) caused by begomoviruses (family: geminiviridae) has emerged as one of the most devastating viral diseases of chilli, especially in the indian sub-continent. the severity of disease incidence is expanding at an alarming rate due to the ... | 2015 | 25916177 |
| visual monitoring of cucumber mosaic virus infection in nicotiana benthamiana following transmission by the aphid vector myzus persicae. | the single-stranded, positive-sense and tripartite rna virus cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) was used in this study as a method for monitoring the initial stages of virus infection following aphid transmission. the rna2 of cmv was modified to incorporate, in a variety of arrangements, an open reading frame (orf) encoding an enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp). the phenotypes of five engineered rna2s were tested in nicotiana tabacum, nicotiana clevelandii and nicotiana benthamiana. only one con ... | 2015 | 25979730 |
| establishment of an agrobacterium-mediated inoculation system for cucumber green mottle mosaic virus. | the infectious full-length cdna clones of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (cgmmv) isolates kw and kom, which were isolated from watermelon and oriental melon, respectively, were constructed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. we successfully inoculated nicotiana benthamiana with the cloned cgmmv isolates kw and kom by agrobacterium-mediated infiltration. virulence and symptomatic characteristics of the cloned cgmmv isolates kw and kom were tested on several indicat ... | 2015 | 26674677 |
| overexpression of a phytophthora cytoplasmic crn effector confers resistance to disease, salinity and drought in nicotiana benthamiana. | the crinkler (crn) effector family is produced by oomycete pathogens and may manipulate host physiological and biochemical events inside host cells. here, pscrn161 was identified from phytophthora sojae based on its broad and strong cell death suppression activities. the effector protein contains two predicted nuclear localization signals and localized to nuclei of plant cells, indicating that it may target plant nuclei to modify host cell physiology and function. the chimeric gene gfp:pscrn161 ... | 2015 | 26546319 |
| complete genome sequence and construction of infectious full-length cdna clones of tobacco ringspot nepovirus, a viral pathogen causing bud blight in soybean. | tobacco ringspot virus (trsv, genus nepovirus), causes severe diseases in soybean and tobacco plants. trsv-induced bud blight disease significantly reduced both the yield and quality of soybeans. the function of the encoded viral gene product involved in trsv infection was unclear due to the limitation of reverse genetics studies on the viral genome. here, we represent the successful construction of infectious full-length cdna clones of trsv genome (rna1 and rna2). the cdnas of trsv rna1 and rna ... | 2015 | 26159876 |
| mutations within a 35 amino acid region of p6 influence self-association, inclusion body formation, and caulimovirus infectivity. | cauliflower mosaic virus gene vi product (p6) is an essential protein that forms cytoplasmic, inclusion bodies (ibs). p6 contains four regions involved in self-association, termed d1-d4. d3 binds to d1, along with d4 and contains a spacer region (termed d3b) between two rna-binding domains. here we show d3b binds full-length p6 along with d1 and d4. full-length p6s harboring single amino acid substitutions within d3b showed reduced binding to both d1 and d4. full-length p6s containing d3b mutati ... | 2015 | 25506670 |
| development of three full-length infectious cdna clones of distinct brassica yellows virus genotypes for agrobacterium-mediated inoculation. | brassica yellows virus is a newly identified species in the genus of polerovirus within the family luteoviridae. brassica yellows virus (bryv) is prevalently distributed throughout mainland china and south korea, is an important virus infecting cruciferous crops. based on six bryv genomic sequences of isolates from oilseed rape, rutabaga, radish, and cabbage, three genotypes, bryv-a, bryv-b, and bryv-c, exist, which mainly differ in the 5' terminal half of the genome. bryv is an aphid-transmitte ... | 2015 | 25499296 |
| functional analysis of cotton leaf curl kokhran virus/cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite rna silencing suppressors. | in south asia, cotton leaf curl disease (clcud) is caused by a complex of phylogenetically-related begomovirus species and a specific betasatellite, cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite (clcumub). the post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs) suppression activities of the transcriptional activator protein (trap), c4, v2 and βc1 proteins encoded by cotton leaf curl kokhran virus (clcukov)/clcumub were assessed in nicotiana benthamiana. a variable degree of local silencing suppression was observ ... | 2015 | 26512705 |
| nitric oxide is involved in brassinosteroid-induced alternative respiratory pathway in nicotiana benthamiana seedlings' response to salt stress. | recent studies reported that brassinosteroids (brs) can induce plant tolerance to different environmental stresses via the nitric oxide (no) signaling pathway. previous reports have indicated that alternative oxidase (aox) plays an important role in plants under various stresses. the mechanisms governing how no is involved as a signal molecule which connects br with aox in regulating stress tolerance are still unknown. recently, we found that nicotiana benthamiana seedlings which were pretreated ... | 2015 | 26419322 |
| complete genome sequence of nine isolates of canna yellow streak virus reveals its relationship to the sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) subgroup of potyviruses. | complete genome sequences were obtained from nine isolates of canna yellow streak virus (caysv). caysv belongs to the sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) subgroup of potyviruses with johnsongrass mosaic virus (jgmv) as its closest relative. multiple sequence alignments showed a pattern of amino acid substitutions in the cp sequences, which enabled us to relate these isolates to south east asian or european isolates. biological characterization of caysv identified nicotiana benthamiana, chenopodium qui ... | 2015 | 25567205 |
| elicitin-like proteins oli-d1 and oli-d2 from pythium oligandrum trigger hypersensitive response in nicotiana benthamiana and induce resistance against botrytis cinerea in tomato. | the biocontrol agent pythium oligandrum and its elicitin-like proteins oligandrins have been shown to induce disease resistance in a range of plants. in the present study, the ability of two oligandrins, oli-d1 and oli-d2, to induce an immune response and the possible molecular mechanism regulating the defence responses in nicotiana benthamiana and tomato were investigated. infiltration of recombinant oli-d1 and oli-d2 proteins induced a typical immune response in n. benthamiana including the in ... | 2015 | 25047132 |
| transgenic down-regulation of argonaute2 expression in nicotiana benthamiana interferes with several layers of antiviral defenses. | the present study aimed to analyze the contribution of nicotiana benthamiana argonaute2 (nbago2) to its antiviral response against different viruses. for this purpose, dsrna hairpin technology was used to reduce nbago2 expression in transgenic plants as verified with rt-pcr. this reduction was specific because the expression of other nbagos was not affected, and did not cause obvious developmental defects under normal growth conditions. inoculation of transgenic plants with an otherwise silencin ... | 2015 | 26454664 |
| effects of elevated co₂and temperature on pathogenicity determinants and virulence of potato virus x/potyvirus-associated synergism. | infections of plants by multiple viruses are common in nature and may result in synergisms in pathologies. several environmental factors influence plant-virus interactions and act on virulence and host defense responses. mixed viral infections may be more frequent under environmental conditions associated with global warming. here, we address how changes in the two main parameters behind global warming, carbon dioxide concentrations ([co₂]) and temperature, may affect virulence of potato virus x ... | 2015 | 26422405 |
| rice grassy stunt virus nonstructural protein p5 serves as a viral suppressor of rna silencing and interacts with nonstructural protein p3. | rice grassy stunt virus (rgsv), a member of the genus tenuivirus, causes serious rice disease in southeast asian countries. in this study, a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-based transient expression assay was conducted to show that p5, encoded on rna5 in the viral sense, is a viral suppressor of rna silencing (vsr). protein-protein interactions (ppis) between p5 and all rgsv proteins except pc1 and pc2 were investigated using gal4-based yeast two-hybrid (y2h) experiments. the results demonstrat ... | 2015 | 26296721 |
| in vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation of plant virus nanocarriers. | the use of biological self-assembling materials, plant virus nanoparticles in particular, appears very intriguing as it allows a great choice of symmetries and dimensions, easy chemical and biological engineering of both surface and/or internal cavity as well as safe and rapid production in plants. in this perspective, we present an initial evaluation of the safety profile of two structurally different plant viruses produced in nicotiana benthamiana l. plants: the filamentous potato virus x and ... | 2015 | 25847457 |
| rnai mediated inhibition of viroid infection in transgenic plants expressing viroid-specific small rnas derived from various functional domains. | previous attempts to develop rnai-mediated viroid-resistant transgenic plants using nearly full-length potato spindle tuber viroid (pstvd) hairpin rna (hprna) were successful; however unusual phenotypes resembling viroid infection occurred. therefore, in the present work, transgenic nicotiana benthamiana lines expressing both partial and truncated versions of pstvd hprna were developed. specifically, seven partial or truncated versions of pstvd sequences were selected according to the hotspots o ... | 2015 | 26656294 |
| expression of sant/hth myb mrna, a plant morphogenesis-regulating transcription factor, changes due to viroid infection. | potato spindle tuber viroid (pstvd) belongs to plant-pathogenic, circular, non-coding rnas. its propagation is accompanied by (mis)regulation of host genes and induction of pathogenesis symptoms including changes of leaf morphogenesis depending on the strength of viroid variant. we found strong genotype-dependent suppression of tomato morphogenesis-regulating transcription factor sant/hth-myb (slmyb) due to viroid pathogenesis. its relative mrna level was found to be significantly decreased in p ... | 2015 | 26118459 |
| viroid rna turnover: characterization of the subgenomic rnas of potato spindle tuber viroid accumulating in infected tissues provides insights into decay pathways operating in vivo. | while biogenesis of viroid rnas is well-known, how they decay is restricted to data involving host rna silencing. here we report an alternative degradation pathway operating on potato spindle tuber viroid (pstvd), the type species of nuclear-replicating viroids (family pospiviroidae). northern-blot hybridizations with full- and partial-length probes revealed a set of pstvd (+) subgenomic (sg)rnas in early-infected eggplant, some partially overlapping and reaching levels comparable to those of th ... | 2015 | 25662219 |
| importin-α-mediated nucleolar localization of potato mop-top virus triple gene block1 (tgb1) protein facilitates virus systemic movement, whereas tgb1 self-interaction is required for cell-to-cell movement in nicotiana benthamiana. | recently, it has become evident that nucleolar passage of movement proteins occurs commonly in a number of plant rna viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm. systemic movement of potato mop-top virus (pmtv) involves two viral transport forms represented by a complex of viral rna and triple gene block1 (tgb1) movement protein and by polar virions that contain the minor coat protein and tgb1 attached to one extremity. the integrity of polar virions ensures the efficient movement of rna-cp, which e ... | 2015 | 25576325 |
| molecular characterization of pvr9 that confers a hypersensitive response to pepper mottle virus (a potyvirus) in nicotiana benthamiana. | there are some r genes against potyviruses which were mapped in pepper. however, none of them has been characterized at the molecular level. in this study, we characterized pvr9 which is an rpi-blb2 ortholog from pepper and confers a hypersensitive response to pepper mottle virus (pepmov) in a transient expression system in nicotiana benthamiana. this gene putatively encoded for 1298 amino acids and is located on pepper chromosome 6. pepmov nib was the elicitor of the pvr9-mediated hypersensitiv ... | 2015 | 25776758 |
| detailed functional characterization of glycosylated and nonglycosylated variants of malaria vaccine candidate pfama1 produced in nicotiana benthamiana and analysis of growth inhibitory responses in rabbits. | one of the most promising malaria vaccine candidate antigens is the plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (pfama1). several studies have shown that this blood-stage antigen can induce strong parasite growth inhibitory antibody responses. pfama1 contains up to six recognition sites for n-linked glycosylation, a post-translational modification that is absent in p. falciparum. to prevent any potential negative impact of n-glycosylation, the recognition sites have been knocked out in most ... | 2015 | 25236489 |
| complete genome sequences of two biologically distinct isolates of asparagus virus 1. | the complete genome sequences of two asparagus virus 1 (av-1) isolates differing in their ability to cause systemic infection in nicotiana benthamiana were determined. their genomes had 9,741 nucleotides excluding the 3'-terminal poly(a) tail, encoded a polyprotein of 3,112 amino acids, and shared 99.6 % nucleotide sequence identity. they differed at 37 nucleotide and 15 amino acid sequence positions (99.5 % identity) scattered over the polyprotein. the closest relatives of av-1 in amino acid se ... | 2015 | 25216774 |
| the p25 protein of potato virus x (pvx) is the main pathogenicity determinant responsible for systemic necrosis in pvx-associated synergisms. | most plant viruses counter the rna silencing-based antiviral defense by expressing viral suppressors of rna silencing (vsrs). in this sense, vsrs may be regarded as virulence effectors that can be recognized by the host as avirulence (avr) factors to induce r-mediated resistance. we made use of agrobacterium-mediated transient coexpression of vsrs in combination with potato virus x (pvx) to recapitulate in local tissues the systemic necrosis (sn) caused by pvx-potyvirus synergistic infections in ... | 2015 | 25473046 |
| differentially expressed genes in healthy and plum pox virus-infected nicotiana benthamiana plants. | viruses use both material and energy sources of their hosts and redirect the production of disposable compounds in order to make viral replication more efficient. metabolism of infected organisms is modified by these enhanced requirements as well by their own defense response. resulting complex story consists of many regulation events on various gene expression levels. elucidating these processes may contribute to the knowledge on virus-host interactions and to evolving new antiviral strategies. ... | 2015 | 26666187 |
| aphid transmission of the ontario isolate of plum pox virus. | utilization of timed virus acquisition access probes in studies of plum pox virus (ppv) transmission by aphids demonstrated that endemic species transmitted the virus readily from plum, prunus domestica (l.) batsch; peach, p. persica (l.); or dwarf flowering almond, p. glandulosa thunberg., to peach seedlings. the green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer), was shown to be the most efficient vector. acquisition of virus by green peach aphids from infected peach leaves resulted in 18-28% infected ... | 2015 | 26453705 |
| a pathogenicity determinant maps to the n-terminal coat protein region of the pepino mosaic virus genome. | pepino mosaic virus (pepmv) poses a worldwide threat to the tomato industry. considerable differences at the genetic level allow for the distinction of four main genotypic clusters; however, the basis of the phenotypic outcome is difficult to elucidate. this work reports the generation of wild-type pepmv infectious clones of both eu (mild) and ch2 (aggressive) genotypes, from which chimeric infectious clones were created. phenotypic analysis in three solanaceous hosts, nicotiana benthamiana, dat ... | 2015 | 25131553 |
| generation of an attenuated, cross-protective pepino mosaic virus variant through alignment-guided mutagenesis of the viral capsid protein. | mild variants of many viruses are able to protect infected plants from subsequent invasion by more severe variants of the same viruses through a process known as cross-protection. in the past, the cross-protective viral variants were commonly derived from mild field isolates that were sometimes genetically heterogeneous, providing variable levels of cross-protection. here, we report a novel approach to rapidly generate cross-protective variants of the tomato-infecting pepino mosaic virus (pepmv) ... | 2015 | 25496364 |
| heat-precipitation allows the efficient purification of a functional plant-derived malaria transmission-blocking vaccine candidate fusion protein. | malaria is a vector-borne disease affecting more than two million people and accounting for more than 600,000 deaths each year, especially in developing countries. the most serious form of malaria is caused by plasmodium falciparum. the complex life cycle of this parasite, involving pre-erythrocytic, asexual and sexual stages, makes vaccine development cumbersome but also offers a broad spectrum of vaccine candidates targeting exactly those stages. vaccines targeting the sexual stage of p. falci ... | 2015 | 25615702 |
| analysis of pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus -1 and -2 for potential rna silencing suppressors and pathogenicity factors. | higher plants use rna silencing to defend against viral infections. as a counter defense, plant viruses have evolved proteins that suppress rna silencing. mealybug wilt of pineapple (mwp), an important disease of pineapple, has been associated with at least three distinct viruses, pineapple mealybug wilt associated virus -1, -2, and -3 (pmwav-1, -2, and -3). selected open reading frames (orfs) of pmwav-1 and pmwav-2 were screened for their local and systemic suppressor activities in agrobacteriu ... | 2015 | 25751306 |
| plant expression and characterization of the transmission-blocking vaccine candidate pfgap50. | despite the limited success after decades of intensive research and development efforts, vaccination still represents the most promising strategy to significantly reduce the disease burden in malaria endemic regions. besides the ultimate goal of inducing sterile protection in vaccinated individuals, the prevention of transmission by so-called transmission blocking vaccines (tbvs) is being regarded as an important feature of an efficient malaria eradication strategy. recently, plasmodium falcipar ... | 2015 | 26625934 |
| effect of temperature on the pathogenesis, accumulation of viral and satellite rnas and on plant proteome in peanut stunt virus and satellite rna-infected plants. | temperature is an important environmental factor influencing plant development in natural and diseased conditions. the growth rate of plants grown at c27°c is more rapid than for plants grown at 21°c. thus, temperature affects the rate of pathogenesis progression in individual plants. we have analyzed the effect of temperature conditions (either 21°c or 27°c during the day) on the accumulation rate of the virus and satellite rna (satrna) in nicotiana benthamiana plants infected by peanut stunt v ... | 2015 | 26579153 |
| suppression of rnai by dsrna-degrading rnaseiii enzymes of viruses in animals and plants. | certain rna and dna viruses that infect plants, insects, fish or poikilothermic animals encode class 1 rnaseiii endoribonuclease-like proteins. dsrna-specific endoribonuclease activity of the rnaseiii of rock bream iridovirus infecting fish and sweet potato chlorotic stunt crinivirus (spcsv) infecting plants has been shown. suppression of the host antiviral rna interference (rnai) pathway has been documented with the rnaseiii of spcsv and heliothis virescens ascovirus infecting insects. suppress ... | 2015 | 25747942 |
| application of an integrated omics approach for identifying host proteins that interact with odontoglossum ringspot virus capsid protein. | the glutamic acid at position 100 (e(100)) in the capsid protein (cp) of odontoglossum ringspot virus (orsv) plays an important role in long-distance viral movement in nicotiana benthamiana. the orsv(e100a) mutant, which has a glutamic acid to alanine substitution, shows a loss of systemic infectivity in n. benthamiana. transmission electron microscopy and size-exclusion chromatography assays showed that e(100) is essential for cp-cp interaction and viral particle assembly. to identify the orsv ... | 2015 | 25625820 |
| cytorhabdovirus phosphoprotein shows rna silencing suppressor activity in plants, but not in insect cells. | rna silencing in plants and insects provides an antiviral defense and as a countermeasure most viruses encode rna silencing suppressors (rss). for the family rhabdoviridae, no detailed functional rss studies have been reported in plant hosts and insect vectors. in agroinfiltrated nicotiana benthamiana leaves we show for the first time for a cytorhabdovirus, lettuce necrotic yellows virus (lnyv), that one of the nucleocapsid core proteins, phosphoprotein (p) has relatively weak local rss activity ... | 2015 | 25591176 |
| mutations in the alpha-helical region of the amino terminus of the maize rayado fino virus capsid protein and cp:rna ratios affect virus-like particle encapsidation of rnas. | viral-based nanoplatforms rely on balancing the delicate array of virus properties to optimally achieve encapsidation of foreign materials with various potential objectives. we investigated the use of maize rayado fino virus (mrfv)-virus-like particles (vlps) as a multifunctional nanoplatform and their potential application as protein cages. mrfv-vlps are composed of two serologically related, carboxy co-terminal coat proteins (cp1 and cp2) which are capable of self-assembling in nicotiana benth ... | 2015 | 25102332 |
| the ac5 protein encoded by mungbean yellow mosaic india virus is a pathogenicity determinant that suppresses rna silencing-based antiviral defenses. | it is generally accepted that begomoviruses in the family geminiviridae encode four proteins (from ac1/c1 to ac4/c4) using the complementary-sense dna as template. although ac5/c5 coding sequences are increasingly annotated in databases for many begomoviruses, the evolutionary relationships and functions of this putative protein in viral infection are obscure. here, we demonstrate several important functions of the ac5 protein of a bipartite begomovirus, mungbean yellow mosaic india virus (mymiv ... | 2015 | 26010321 |
| functional characterization of cucumis metuliferus proteinase inhibitor gene (cmspi) in potyviruses resistance. | proteinase inhibitors are ubiquitous proteins that block the active center or interact allosterically with proteinases and are involved in plant physiological processes and defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. the cmspi gene identified from cucumis metuliferus encodes a serine type pi (8 kda) that belongs to potato i type family. to evaluate the effect of silencing cmspi gene on papaya ringspot virus resistance, rna interference (rnai) with an inter-space hairpin rna (ihprna) constr ... | 2015 | 26184285 |
| nucleotide sequence-homology-independent breakdown of transgenic resistance by more virulent virus strains and a potential solution. | controlling plant viruses by genetic engineering, including the globally important papaya ringspot virus (prsv), mainly involves coat protein (cp) gene mediated resistance via post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs). however, the breakdown of single- or double-virus resistance in cp-gene-transgenic papaya by more virulent prsv strains has been noted in repeated field trials. recombination analysis revealed that the gene silencing suppressor hc-pro or cp of the virulent prsv strain 5-19 is res ... | 2015 | 25913508 |
| analysis of tospovirus nss proteins in suppression of systemic silencing. | rna silencing is a sequence-specific gene regulation mechanism that in plants also acts antiviral. in order to counteract antiviral rna silencing, viruses have evolved rna silencing suppressors (rss). in the case of tospoviruses, the non-structural nss protein has been identified as the rss. although the tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) tospovirus nss protein has been shown to exhibit affinity to long and small dsrna molecules, its ability to suppress the non-cell autonomous part of rna silencin ... | 2015 | 26275304 |
| glycan modulation and sulfoengineering of anti-hiv-1 monoclonal antibody pg9 in plants. | broadly neutralizing anti-hiv-1 monoclonal antibodies, such as pg9, and its derivative rsh hold great promise in aids therapy and prevention. an important feature related to the exceptional efficacy of pg9 and rsh is the presence of sulfated tyrosine residues in their antigen-binding regions. to maximize antibody functionalities, we have now produced glycan-optimized, fucose-free versions of pg9 and rsh in nicotiana benthamiana. both antibodies were efficiently sulfated in planta on coexpression ... | 2015 | 26417081 |
| disruption of prefoldin-2 protein synthesis in root-knot nematodes via host-mediated gene silencing efficiently reduces nematode numbers and thus protects plants. | the aim of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of down-regulating endogeneous prefoldin-2 root-knot nematode transcripts by expressing dsrna with sequence identity to the nematode gene in tobacco roots under the influence of strong arabidopsis ubiquitin (ubq1) promoter. root-knot nematodes (rkns) are sedentary endoparasites infecting a wide range of plant species. they parasitise the root system, thereby disrupting water and nutrient uptake and causing major reductions in crop yields. t ... | 2015 | 25491640 |
| expression, purification, and characterization of the necator americanus aspartic protease-1 (na-apr-1 (m74)) antigen, a component of the bivalent human hookworm vaccine. | over 400 million people living in the world's poorest developing nations are infected with hookworms, mostly of the genus necator americanus. a bivalent human hookworm vaccine composed of the necator americanus glutathione s-transferase-1 (na-gst-1) and the necator americanus aspartic protease-1 (na-apr-1 (m74)) is currently under development by the sabin vaccine institute product development partnership (sabin pdp). both monovalent vaccines are currently in phase 1 trials. both na-gst-1 and na- ... | 2015 | 25905574 |
| rapid high-yield expression of a candidate influenza vaccine based on the ectodomain of m2 protein linked to flagellin in plants using viral vectors. | the extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (m2e) of influenza a virus is a promising target for the development of a universal vaccine against influenza because m2e sequences are highly conserved among human influenza a strains. however, native m2e is poorly immunogenic, but its immunogenicity can be increased by delivery in combination with adjuvants or carrier particles. it was previously shown that fusion of m2e to bacterial flagellin, the ligand for toll-like receptor (tlr) 5 and powerful ... | 2015 | 26022390 |
| analysis of globodera rostochiensis effectors reveals conserved functions of sprysec proteins in suppressing and eliciting plant immune responses. | potato cyst nematodes (pcns), including globodera rostochiensis (woll.), are important pests of potato. plant parasitic nematodes produce multiple effector proteins, secreted from their stylets, to successfully infect their hosts. these include proteins delivered to the apoplast and to the host cytoplasm. a number of effectors from g. rostochiensis predicted to be delivered to the host cytoplasm have been identified, including several belonging to the secreted spry domain (sprysec) family. sprys ... | 2015 | 26322064 |
| gbnv encoded movement protein (nsm) remodels er network via c-terminal coiled coil domain. | plant viruses exploit the host machinery for targeting the viral genome-movement protein complex to plasmodesmata (pd). the mechanism by which the non-structural protein m (nsm) of groundnut bud necrosis virus (gbnv) is targeted to pd was investigated using agrobacterium mediated transient expression of nsm and its fusion proteins in nicotiana benthamiana. gfp:nsm formed punctuate structures that colocalized with mcherry:plasmodesmata localized protein 1a (pdlp 1a) confirming that gbnv nsm local ... | 2015 | 25863878 |
| isolation, production and characterization of fully human monoclonal antibodies directed to plasmodium falciparum msp10. | semi-immunity against the malaria parasite is defined by a protection against clinical episodes of malaria and is partially mediated by a repertoire of inhibitory antibodies directed against the blood stage of plasmodium falciparum, in particular against surface proteins of merozoites, the invasive form of the parasite. such antibodies may be used for preventive or therapeutic treatment of p. falciparum malaria. here, the isolation and characterization of novel human monoclonal antibodies (humab ... | 2015 | 26174014 |
| subcellular localization and membrane association of the replicase protein of grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus, family betaflexiviridae. | as a member of the newly established betaflexiviridae family, grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (grspav) has an rna genome containing five orfs. orf1 encodes a putative replicase polyprotein typical of the alphavirus superfamily of positive-strand ssrna viruses. several viruses of this superfamily have been demonstrated to replicate in structures designated viral replication complexes associated with intracellular membranes. however, structure and cellular localization of the rep ... | 2015 | 25502653 |
| production of h5n1 influenza virus matrix protein 2 ectodomain protein bodies in tobacco plants and in insect cells as a candidate universal influenza vaccine. | the spread of influenza a viruses is partially controlled and prevented by vaccination. the matrix protein 2 ectodomain (m2e) is the most conserved sequence in influenza a viruses, and is therefore a good potential target for a vaccine to protect against multiple virus subtypes. we explored the feasibility of an m2e-based universal influenza a vaccine candidate based on the highly pathogenic avian influenza a virus, h5n1. a synthetic m2e gene was human- and plant-codon optimized and fused in-fra ... | 2015 | 26697423 |
| generation and characterization of a trackable plant-made influenza h5 virus-like particle (vlp) containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp). | medicago, inc. has developed an efficient virus-like particle (vlp) vaccine production platform using the nicotiana benthamiana expression system, and currently has influenza-based products targeting seasonal/pandemic hemagglutinin (ha) proteins in advanced clinical trials. we wished to generate a trackable ha-based vlp that would allow us to study both particle assembly in plants and vlp interactions within the mammalian immune system. to this end, a fusion protein was designed, composed of h5 ... | 2015 | 26038124 |
| plant-derived h7 vlp vaccine elicits protective immune response against h7n9 influenza virus in mice and ferrets. | in march 2013, the chinese centre for disease control and prevention confirmed the first reported case of human infection with an avian influenza a h7n9 virus. infection with this virus often caused severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome resulting in a case fatality rate >35%. the risk of pandemic highlighted, once again, the need for a more rapid and scalable vaccine response capability. here, we describe the rapid (19 days) development of a plant-derived vlp vaccine based on ... | 2015 | 26432915 |
| new tools for ntd vaccines: a case study of quality control assays for product development of the human hookworm vaccine na-apr-1m74. | na-apr-1(m74) is an aspartic protease that is rendered enzymatically inactive by site-directed mutagenesis and is a candidate antigen component in the human hookworm vaccine. the mutant protease exerts vaccine efficacy by inducing antibodies that neutralize the enzymatic activity of wild type enzyme (na-apr-1wt) in the gut of the hookworm, thereby depriving the worm of its ability to digest its blood meal. previously, canines immunized with na-apr-1(m74) and challenged with ancylostoma caninum w ... | 2015 | 26018444 |
| anti-infective immunoadhesins from plants. | immunoadhesins are recombinant proteins that combine the ligand-binding region of a receptor or adhesion molecule with immunoglobulin constant domains. all fda-approved immunoadhesins are designed to modulate the interaction of a human receptor with its normal ligand, such as etanercept (enbrel(®) ), which interferes with the binding of tumour necrosis factor (tnf) to the tnf-alpha receptor and is used to treat inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. like antibodies, immunoadhesins h ... | 2015 | 26242703 |
| viral elements and host cellular proteins in intercellular movement of bamboo mosaic virus. | as a member of the genus potexvirus, bamboo mosaic virus (bamv) also belongs to the plant viruses that encode triple gene block proteins (tgbps) for intercellular movement within the host plants. recent studies of the movement mechanisms of bamv have revealed similarities and differences between bamv and other potexviruses. this review focuses on the general aspects of viral and host elements involved in bamv movement, the interactions among these elements, and the possible pathways for intra- a ... | 2015 | 25951346 |
| phosphorylation of tgb1 by protein kinase ck2 promotes barley stripe mosaic virus movement in monocots and dicots. | the barley stripe mosaic virus (bsmv) triple gene block 1 (tgb1) protein is required for virus cell-to-cell movement. however, little information is available about how these activities are regulated by post-translational modifications. in this study, we showed that the bsmv xinjiang strain tgb1 (xjtgb1) is phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro by protein kinase ck2 from barley and nicotiana benthamiana. liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis and in vitro phosphorylation assays de ... | 2015 | 25998907 |