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toxicity of combined mixtures of nanoparticles to plants.an increasing production and using of nanoproducts results in releasing and dispersing nanoparticles (nps) in the environment. being released into various environment components, nps may interact with numerous pollutants, including other nps. this research aimed at assessing toxicity of combined binary mixtures of nps. the study focused on assessing mixtures of nps believed to be toxic (nano-zno+nano-cuo) and nano-zno/nano-cuo with the ones that are insignificantly toxic or non-toxic nps (nano-t ...201728273569
molecular phylogeny of extant holothuroidea (echinodermata).sea cucumbers (holothuroidea) are a morphologically diverse, ecologically important, and economically valued clade of echinoderms; however, the understanding of the overall systematics of the group remains controversial. here, we present a phylogeny of extant holothuroidea assessed with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and bayesian approaches using approximately 4.3kb of mt- (coi, 16s, 12s) and ndna (h3, 18s, 28s) sequences from 82 holothuroid terminals representing 23 of the 27 widely-acc ...201728263876
smart actuators and adhesives for reconfigurable matter.biological systems found in nature provide excellent stimuli-responsive functions. the camouflage adaptation of cephalopods (octopus, cuttlefish), rapid stiffness change of sea cucumbers, opening of pine cones in response to humidity, and rapid closure of venus flytraps upon insect touch are some examples of nature's smart systems. although current technologies are still premature to mimic these sophisticated structures and functions in smart biological systems, recent work on stimuli-responsive ...201728263544
structures of two yellow dyes found in cucumbers pickled in soy sauce colored with tartrazine (y4).two yellow dyes, together with tartrazine (y4), were found in cucumbers pickled in soy sauce, for which the use of tartrazine is permitted, by tlc, lc-dad, and lc-ms. the retention times on lc chromatograms and the maximum absorbance wavelengths measured by lc-dad of the two dyes were different from those of tartrazine. mass spectra of the dyes indicated that these dyes lacked one sulfonyl group of tartrazine. the presence of two less sulfonated dyes in tartrazine has been reported. hence, the t ...201728260729
tackling saponin diversity in marine animals by mass spectrometry: data acquisition and integration.saponin analysis by mass spectrometry methods is nowadays progressively supplementing other analytical methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr). indeed, saponin extracts from plant or marine animals are often constituted by a complex mixture of (slightly) different saponin molecules that requires extensive purification and separation steps to meet the requirement for nmr spectroscopy measurements. based on its intrinsic features, mass spectrometry represents an inescapable tool to access ...201728251290
effects of melatonin on seedling growth, mineral nutrition, and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber under nitrate stress.in china, excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers in glasshouses leads to nitrate accumulations in soil and plants, which then limits productivity. melatonin, an evolutionarily highly conserved molecule, has a wide range of functions in plants. we analyzed the effects of melatonin pretreatment on the growth, mineral nutrition, and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber (cucumis sativus l. "jin you no. 1") when seedlings were exposed to nitrate stress. an application of 0.1 mmol/l melatonin significantly ...201728226188
carbon monoxide is involved in hydrogen gas-induced adventitious root development in cucumber under simulated drought stress.hydrogen gas (h2) and carbon monoxide (co) are involved in plant growth and developmental processes and may induce plant tolerance to several stresses. however, the independent roles and interaction effect of h2 and co in adventitious root development under drought conditions have still not received the needed research attention. we hypothesize that there exists crosstalk between h2 and co during adventitious root development under drought stress. the results of our current study revealed that 5 ...201728223992
enzyme-assisted discovery of antioxidant peptides from edible marine invertebrates: a review.marine invertebrates, such as oysters, mussels, clams, scallop, jellyfishes, squids, prawns, sea cucumbers and sea squirts, are consumed as foods. these edible marine invertebrates are sources of potent bioactive peptides. the last two decades have seen a surge of interest in the discovery of antioxidant peptides from edible marine invertebrates. enzymatic hydrolysis is an efficient strategy commonly used for releasing antioxidant peptides from food proteins. a growing number of antioxidant pept ...201728212329
genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of the nac genes under abiotic stresses in cucumis sativus.the nac (standing for no apical meristem [nam], arabidopsis transcription activation factor [ataf] and cup-shaped cotyledon [cuc]) proteins pertain to one of the plant-specific transcription factor families that play important roles in plant development, abiotic stress resistance and signalling transduction. in the present study, the genomic features of the nac genes in cucumber were analysed in depth using in silico tools. to reveal a tissue-specific, abiotic stress and hormone-responsive expre ...201728193581
4-o-sulfation in sea cucumber fucodians contribute to reversing dyslipidiaemia caused by hfd.fucodians extracted from sea cucumbers (sc-fucs) possess linear chains with uniform repeating units. sulfation patterns endow sc-fucs unique structures and bioactivity. the present study investigated the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of two fucodians isolated from sea cucumbers pearsonothuria graeffei (fuc-pg) and isostichopus badionotus (fuc-ib). the results indicate fuc-pg dominated with a 4-o-sulfation pattern shows strong activity in reducing body weight, regulating lipid disorder (tc, tg, hl ...201728161535
transcriptomic analysis implies that ga regulates sex expression via ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent pathways in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).sex differentiation of flower buds is an important developmental process that directly affects fruit yield of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). plant hormones, such as gibberellins (gas) and ethylene can promote development of male and female flowers, respectively, however, the regulatory mechanisms of ga-induced male flower formation and potential involvement of ethylene in this process still remain unknown. in this study, to unravel the genes and gene networks involved in ga-regulated cucumber se ...201728154572
transcriptome analysis of cucumis sativus infected by cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus.cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (ccyv) is a recently reported bipartite crinivirus that causes chlorotic leaf spots and yellowing symptoms on the leaves of cucurbit plants. the virus-host interaction of ccyv remains to be elucidated, and the influence of criniviruses on the host gene transcriptome requires analysis.201728148297
dispersive solid-phase extraction using polyaniline-modified zeolite nay as a new sorbent for multiresidue analysis of pesticides in food and environmental samples.the applicability of polyaniline (pani)-modified zeolite nay as a sorbent for multi-class pesticides extraction was investigated. the sorbent had a sorption capacity of 833mgkg(-1) sorbent and preconcentration factor of 42 in the mixture of twenty pesticides. the pani-coated zeolite nay was successfully created via oxidative polymerization of aniline onto the surface of the zeolite. the sorbent was applied for dispersive solid phase extraction (dspe) of commonly used pesticides belonging to five ...201728107986
novel potentiometric sensors for the determination of the dinotefuran insecticide residue levels in cucumber and soil samples.five new potentiometric membrane sensors for the determination of the dinotefuran levels in cucumber and soil samples have been developed. four of these sensors were based on a newly designed molecularly imprinted polymer (mip) material consisting of acrylamide or methacrylic acid as a functional monomer in a plasticized pvc (polyvinyl chloride) membrane before and after elution of the template. a fifth sensor, a carboxylated pvc-based sensor plasticized with dioctyl phthalate, was also prepared ...201728107966
stereoselective quantification of triticonazole in vegetables by supercritical fluid chromatography.a highly fast analytical method though supercritical fluid chromatography (sfc) has been developed to quantify triticonazole enantiomers in cucumbers and tomatoes. effects of organic modifier type and concentration on chiral separation and quantification of standard solution as well as matrix-matched standard solutions have been studied in detail. among three organic modifiers, better separation of triticonazole racemate was achieved with 20% ethanol (v/v). the run time in sfc (ca 3min) with co2 ...201728107942
biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in sea urchins: molecular and functional characterisation of three fatty acyl desaturases from paracentrotus lividus (lamark 1816).sea urchins are broadly recognised as a delicacy and their quality as food for humans is highly influenced by their diet. lipids in general and the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (lc-pufa) in particular, are essential nutrients that determine not only the nutritional value of sea urchins but also guarantee normal growth and reproduction in captivity. the contribution of endogenous production (biosynthesis) of lc-pufa in sea urchins remained unknown. using paracentrotus lividus as our mod ...201728052125
draft genome sequence of bitter gourd (momordica charantia), a vegetable and medicinal plant in tropical and subtropical regions.bitter gourd (momordica charantia) is an important vegetable and medicinal plant in tropical and subtropical regions globally. in this study, the draft genome sequence of a monoecious bitter gourd inbred line, ohb3-1, was analyzed. through illumina sequencing and de novo assembly, scaffolds of 285.5 mb in length were generated, corresponding to ∼84% of the estimated genome size of bitter gourd (339 mb). in this draft genome sequence, 45,859 protein-coding gene loci were identified, and transposa ...201728028039
effects of thermal stress on the immune and oxidative stress responses of juvenile sea cucumber holothuria scabra.holothuria scabra is the most valued and cultured tropical sea cucumber, given the great demand of this species for human consumption. however, despite its ecological and economic relevance, little is known regarding its immune responses under thermal stress. here, the main goal was to study the response of sea cucumbers to temperature stress, assessing sub-organismal alterations and acclimation capacities of juveniles to temperature changes. after changing temperature (1 °c/day) for 6 days, org ...201727439718
the cytotoxicity of dacarbazine potentiated by sea cucumber saponin in resistant b16f10 melanoma cells through apoptosis induction.malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive malignant melanocytic neoplasm which resists against the most conventional therapies. sea cucumber as one of marine organisms contains bioactive compounds such as polysaccharide, terpenoid and other metabolites which have anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. the present study was designed to investigate the anticancer potential of saponin extracted from sea cucumber holothuria leucospilata alone and in combination with d ...201727563423
the catalase gene family in cucumber: genome-wide identification and organization.catalase (cat) is a common antioxidant enzyme in almost all living organisms. currently, detailed reports on cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) cat (cscat) genes and tissue expression profiling are limited. in the present study, four candidate cscat genes were identified in cucumber. phylogenetic analysis indicated that cscat1-cscat3 are closely related to arabidopsis atcat1-atcat3, but no obvious counterpart was observed for cscat4. intron/exon structure analysis revealed that only one of the 15 pos ...201727560990
purification, physico-chemical characterization and thermodynamics of chitooligosaccharide binding to cucumber (cucumis sativus) phloem lectin.a chitooligosaccharide-specific lectin has been purified from the phloem exudate of cucumber (cucumis sativus) by affinity chromatography on chitin. the molecular weight of the cucumber phloem lectin (cpl) was determined as 51912.8da by mass spectrometry whereas sds-page yielded a single band with a subunit mass of 26kda, indicating that the protein is a homodimer. peptide mass fingerprinting studies strongly suggest that cpl is identical to the 26kda phloem protein 2 (pp2) from cucumber. cd spe ...201727793680
molybdenum and iron mutually impact their homeostasis in cucumber (cucumis sativus) plants.molybdenum (mo) and iron (fe) are essential micronutrients required for crucial enzyme activities in plant metabolism. here we investigated the existence of a mutual control of mo and fe homeostasis in cucumber (cucumis sativus). plants were grown under single or combined mo and fe starvation. physiological parameters were measured, the ionomes of tissues and the ionomes and proteomes of root mitochondria were profiled, and the activities of molybdo-enzymes and the synthesis of molybdenum cofact ...201727735062
phenotypic plasticity to altered apical bud temperature in cucumis sativus: more leaves-smaller leaves and vice versa.many studies investigated temperature effects on leaf initiation and expansion by relating these processes to air temperature or the temperature of a specific organ (e.g. leaf temperature). in reality plant temperature is hardly ever equal to air temperature or spatially uniform. apical bud temperature (tbud ), for example, may greatly differ from the temperature of the rest of the plant (tplant ) dependent on the environment. recent research in cucumis sativus showed that tbud influences leaf i ...201727640366
selection, isolation, and identification of fungi for bioherbicide production.production of a bioherbicide for biological control of weeds requires a series of steps, from selection of a suitable microbial strain to final formulation. thus, this study aimed to select fungi for production of secondary metabolites with herbicidal activity using biological resources of the brazilian pampa biome. phytopathogenic fungi were isolated from infected tissues of weeds in the pampa biome. a liquid synthetic culture medium was used for production of metabolites. the phytotoxicity of ...201727769882
a new method to estimate photosynthetic parameters through net assimilation rate-intercellular space co2 concentration (a-ci ) curve and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements.gas exchange (ge) and chlorophyll fluorescence (cf) measurements are widely used to noninvasively study photosynthetic parameters, for example the rates of maximum rubisco carboxylation (vcmax ), electron transport rate (j), daytime respiration (rd ) and mesophyll conductance (gm ). existing methods for fitting ge data (net assimilation rate-intercellular space co2 concentration (a-ci ) curve) are based on two assumptions: gm is unvaried with co2 concentration in the intercellular space (ci ); a ...201727768807
isolation and functional characterization of cslsi1, a silicon transporter gene in cucumis sativus.cucumber (cucumis sativus) is a widely grown cucurbitaceous vegetable that exhibits a relatively high capacity for silicon (si) accumulation, but the molecular mechanism for silicon uptake remains to be clarified. here we isolated and characterized cslsi1, a gene encoding a silicon transporter in cucumber (cv. mch-4). cslsi1 shares 55.70 and 90.63% homology with the lsi1s of a monocot and dicot, rice (oryza sativa) and pumpkin (cucurbita moschata), respectively. cslsi1 was predominantly expresse ...201727701737
selective toxicity of persian gulf sea cucumber holothuria parva on human chronic lymphocytic leukemia b lymphocytes by direct mitochondrial targeting.natural products isolated from marine environment are well known for their pharmacodynamic potential in diversity of disease treatments such as cancer or inflammatory conditions. sea cucumbers are one of the marine animals of the phylum echinoderm. many studies have shown that the sea cucumber contains antioxidants and anti-cancer compounds. chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) is a disease characterized by the relentless accumulation of cd5(+) b lymphocytes. cll is the most common leukemia in adu ...201727404045
effect of holothuria leucospilota extracted saponin on maturation of mice oocyte and granulosa cells.sea cucumbers saponins are triterpenoid glycosides which exert beneficial biomedical effects. this study was performed to assess the effect of saponin extracted from sea cucumber holothuria leucospilota (h. leucospilota) on maturation of mice oocytes and granulosa cells. the germinal vesicles oocytes were collected from 6-8 weeks old naval medical research institute (nmri) mice ovaries, randomly divided into untreated and four experimental groups and cultured in vitro. maturation medium was supp ...201727168752
(1)h nmr and gc-ms based metabolomics reveal nano-cu altered cucumber (cucumis sativus) fruit nutritional supply.it is imperative to study the interaction of nanoparticles residuals with crop plants in agricultural soils, due to the increased application of nanotechnology in agriculture. so far, a few studies have focused on the impact of nanoparticles on fruit quality and nutritional supply. in this work, a thorough and comprehensive analysis of metabolite changes of cucumber fruits from plants under nano-cu stress was possible through the use of both (1)h nmr and gc-ms. the results of supervised partial ...201726922143
effects of exogenous application of cppu, naa and ga4+7 on parthenocarpy and fruit quality in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).in protected vegetable fields, plant growth regulators are often used to improve cucumber fruit growth. however, the effects of plant growth regulators on the appearance and nutritional quality of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) remain largely unknown. in the present study, 100 mg/l n-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-n'-phenylurea (cppu), naphthaleneacetic acid (naa) or gibberellin a4+a7 (ga4+7) was applied to the female cucumber flowers 1 day before anthesis and at anthesis. the cppu, naa and ga4+7 treatment ...201829146357
fine mapping of a male sterility gene ms-3 in a novel cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) mutant.the cucumber male sterility gene ms - 3 was fine mapped in a 76 kb region harboring an mmd1 -like gene csa3m006660 that may be responsible for the male sterile in cucumber. a cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) male sterile mutant (ms-3) in an advanced-generation inbred line was identified, and genetic analysis revealed that the male sterility trait was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene, ms-3, which was stably inherited. histological studies suggested that the main cause of the male sterility was ...201829134240
identification and mapping of ts (tender spines), a gene involved in soft spine development in cucumis sativus.using map-based cloning of ts gene, we identified a new sort of gene involved in the initiation of multicellular tender spine in cucumber. the cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) fruit contains spines on the surface, which is an extremely valuable quality trait affecting the selection of customers. in this study, we elaborated cucumber line nc072 with wild type (wt) hard fruit spines and its spontaneous mutant nc073, possessing tender and soft spines on fruits. the mutant trait was named as tender spi ...201829116330
copper interactions on arsenic bioavailability and phytotoxicity in soil.arsenic (as) and copper (cu) are co-contaminants in the environment but little is known about their ecological impact as mixtures in soil. in this study, we investigated the combined as-cu interactions on toxicity and uptake as binary mixtures in 5 contrasting soils. the study included solubility, contaminant uptake and toxicity in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) as a model plant species. soils were spiked individually and as a mixtures at 10 different as levels (2, 4, 8 up to 1024mgkg-1). copper ...201829179146
raman imaging of plant cell walls in sections of cucumis sativus.raman microspectra combine information on chemical composition of plant tissues with spatial information. the contributions from the building blocks of the cell walls in the raman spectra of plant tissues can vary in the microscopic sub-structures of the tissue. here, we discuss the analysis of 55 raman maps of root, stem, and leaf tissues of cucumis sativus, using different spectral contributions from cellulose and lignin in both univariate and multivariate imaging methods. imaging based on hie ...201829370089
development of a high-throughput laboratory bioassay for testing potential attractants for terrestrial snails and slugs.invasive snails and slugs are among the most damaging pests of vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, grains, and forage throughout the world. current control strategies are focused almost exclusively on molluscicides, which are ineffective under some conditions, and which can have serious nontarget effects. a major aim of this study was to develop a generic high-throughput bioassay method for use in identifying attractants for terrestrial gastropods, with the overall goal of developing attractant-bas ...201829365140
high frequency plant regeneration from cotyledonary node explants of cucumis sativus l. cultivar 'green long' via adventitious shoot organogenesis and assessment of genetic fidelity by rapd-pcr technology.influence of cytokinins, silver nitrate (agno3) and auxins on plant regeneration from cucumber was investigated. the cotyledonary node explants were cultured on ms medium augmented with various concentrations (0.5-2.5 mg l-1) of 6-benzyl amino purine (bap) and kinetin (kin) for shoot bud induction. bap at 1.5 mg l-1 was found to be the best concentration for induction of high frequency of multiple shoots (98.4%). interestingly, maximum percent of multiple shoot regeneration (100%) as well as num ...201829354371
transcriptome analyses of mosaic (msc) mitochondrial mutants of cucumber in a highly inbred nuclear background.cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) has a large, paternally transmitted mitochondrial genome. cucumber plants regenerated from cell cultures occasionally show paternally transmitted mosaic (msc) phenotypes, characterized by slower growth, chlorotic patterns on the leaves and fruit, lower fertility, and rearrangements in their mitochondrial dnas (mtdnas). msc lines 3, 12, and 16 originated from different cell cultures all established using the highly-inbred, wild-type line b. these msc lines possess di ...201829330162
dissipation, pre-harvest interval estimation, and dietary risk assessment of carbosulfan, dimethoate, and their relevant metabolites in greenhouse cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).the dissipation behavior, pre-harvest interval estimation, and dietary risk assessment of carbosulfan, dimethoate, and their relevant metabolites were investigated in greenhouse cucumber in tianjin, northern china, to ensure raw consumption safety.201829327491
double function hydroperoxide lyases/epoxyalcohol synthases (cyp74c) of higher plants: identification and conversion into allene oxide synthases by site-directed mutagenesis.the cyp74c subfamily of fatty acid hydroperoxide transforming enzymes includes hydroperoxide lyases (hpls) and allene oxide synthases (aoss). this work reports a new facet of the putative cyp74c hpls. initially, we found that the recombinant cyp74c13_mt (medicago truncatula) behaved predominantly as the epoxyalcohol synthase (eas) towards the 9(s)-hydroperoxide of linoleic acid. at the same time, the cyp74c13_mt mostly possessed the hpl activity towards the 13(s)-hydroperoxides of linoleic and α ...201829325723
growth kinetics of escherichia coli o157:h7 on the epicarp of fresh vegetables and fruits.despite the increasing reports on the incidence of fresh vegetables and fruits as a possible vehicle for human pathogens, there is currently limited knowledge on the growth potential of escherichia coli o157:h7 on different plant substrates. this study analyzed the selective adhesion and growth of e. coli o157:h7 on chili habanero (capsicum chinense l.), cucumber (cucumis sativus), radish (raphanus sativus), tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), beet (beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris), and onion (alliu ...201829037503
differential scanning calorimetric and spectroscopic studies on the thermal and chemical unfolding of cucumber (cucumis sativus) phloem exudate lectin.in plants, chitooligosaccharide-binding phloem exudate lectins play an important role in the defense mechanism against parasites. here, we investigated the thermal and chaotrope-induced unfolding of cucumber (cucumis sativus) phloem exudate lectin (cpl). circular dichroism (cd) spectroscopic studies indicate that the secondary and tertiary structures of cpl are essentially unaltered up to 90°c. consistent with this, differential scanning calorimetric studies revealed that cpl is highly thermosta ...201828778525
identification of conserved and diverse metabolic shift of the stylar, intermediate and peduncular segments of cucumber fruit during development.cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is one of the most important vegetables and contains a high content of nutritionally beneficial metabolites. however, little is known about the metabolic variations among different parts of cucumber fruit and their kinetics during growth. in this study, the dynamic metabolic profiles in the stylar end, the intermediate segment and the peduncular end of cucumber fruit during the development were investigated by employing a non-targeted metabolomics approach, where 23 ...201829301359
persistence, dissipation and consumer risk assessment of a combination formulation of flubendiamide and deltamethrin on cucumber.multi-location supervised field trials were conducted in india at four locations of the all india network project (ainp) on pesticide residues to study the persistence, dissipation and risk assessment of flubendiamide and deltamethrin on cucumber (cucumis sativus). residues of flubendiamide and deltamethrin on cucumber resulting from three spray applications of a combination formulation (flubendiamide 90% + deltamethrin 60%, 150 sc) at recommended (22.5 + 15 g a.i./ha) and double the recommended ...201829279005
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