Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| identification and characterization of is2404 and is2606: two distinct repeated sequences for detection of mycobacterium ulcerans by pcr. | molecular analysis of mycobacterium ulcerans has revealed two new insertion sequences (iss), is2404 and is2606. is2404 was identified by complete sequencing of a previously described repetitive dna segment from m. ulcerans. this element is 1,274 bp long, contains 12-bp inverted repeats and a single open reading frame (orf) potentially encoding a protein of 327 amino acids (aa), and apparently generates 7-bp direct repeats upon transposition. amino acid similarity was found between the putative t ... | 1999 | 10074520 |
| use of molecular subtyping to document long-term persistence of corynebacterium diphtheriae in south dakota. | enhanced surveillance of patients with upper respiratory symptoms in a northern plains community revealed that approximately 4% of them were infected by toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae of both mitis and gravis biotypes, showing that the organism is still circulating in the united states. toxigenic c. diphtheriae was isolated from five members of four households. four molecular subtyping methods-ribotyping, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mee), random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd), an ... | 1999 | 10074531 |
| anion-coordinating residues at binding site 1 are essential for the biological activity of the diphtheria toxin repressor. | the homodimeric diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) uses fe2+ as a corepressor, binds to iron-regulated promoters, and negatively regulates the syntheses of diphtheria toxin, corynebacterial siderophore, and several other corynebacterium diphtheriae products. the crystal structure of dtxr shows that the second domain of each monomer has two binding sites for fe2+ or certain other divalent metal ions. in addition, site 1 binds a sulfate or phosphate anion, suggesting that phosphate may function int ... | 1999 | 10085021 |
| [diphtheria]. | 1999 | 10088353 | |
| low prevalence of diphtheria immunity in the spanish population: results of a cross-sectional study. | a seroepidemiological study was conducted on a representative sample (n = 3944) of the spanish population to assess the immune status to diphtheria. a total of 1907 men and 2037 women in the 5-59 years age range were stratified by sex and age (5-12, 13-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 years). concentrations of toxin antibodies were measured using a commercial elisa kit. samples with titres > or = 0.1 iu/ml were considered to show full protection. only 26% (95% ci: 25-28%) of the overall population ... | 1999 | 10217597 |
| [diphtheria and infections caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae in 1997]. | introduction: diphtheria is a reemerging disease. two epidemics recently occurred in algeria and independent states community, not so far from europe. imported cases were diagnosed in contiguous european countries. this review focuses on the data obtained from these epidemics, with particular emphasis on new clinical forms of corynebacterium diphtheriae infections. currents knowledge and key points: sore throat with membranes is no longer the only clinical feature of diphtheria. however, patient ... | 1999 | 10220818 |
| cutaneous diphtheria in a child. | 1999 | 10321948 | |
| emergence of related nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae biotype mitis strains in western europe. | we report on 17 isolates of corynebacterium diphtheriae biotype mitis with related ribotypes from switzerland, germany, and france. isolates came from skin and subcutaneous infections of injecting drug users, homeless persons, prisoners, and elderly orthopedic patients with joint prostheses or primary joint infections. such isolates had only been observed in switzerland. | 1999 | 10341192 |
| transcriptional control of the iron-responsive fxba gene by the mycobacterial regulator ider. | exochelin is the primary extracellular siderophore of mycobacterium smegmatis, and the iron-regulated fxba gene encodes a putative formyltransferase, an essential enzyme in the exochelin biosynthetic pathway (e. h. fiss, y. yu, and w. r. jacobs, jr., mol. microbiol. 14:557-569, 1994). we investigated the regulation of fxba by the mycobacterial ider, a homolog of the corynebacterium diphtheriae iron regulator dtxr (m. p. schmitt, m. predich, l. doukhan, i. smith, and r. k. holmes, infect. immun. ... | 1999 | 10348851 |
| [the interrelationship of biomass and toxin accumulation to the dynamics of the physicochemical parameters of corynebacterium diphtheriae pw8 cultivation]. | as established in the process the controlled cultivation of c. diphtheriae pw8, the rate of the accumulation of biomass and antigenic material increases with higher values of the redox potential of the nutrient medium (exceeding 11.0 mv). the data obtained in this study are indicative of the expediency of using the value of redox potential as an additional criterion in the evaluation of the quality of the nutrient media. the direct relationship between the productivity of the process of c. dipht ... | 1999 | 10356731 |
| [the estimation of the amount of diphtheria toxin and its activity by various tests in the dynamic cultivation of corynebacterium diphtheriae pw8]. | direct correlation between the results of tests for the biological activity of diphtheria toxin, carried out in vivo guinea pigs and in vitro in the microcytotoxicity test in cho cell culture, has been established, which makes it possible to use the latter as one of the methods for the rapid, reproducible and economic evaluation of diphtheria toxin. the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of diphtheria toxin in the enzyme immunoassay with the use of monoclonal antibodies and in the microcyto ... | 1999 | 10356732 |
| [the antidiphtheria and antitetanus immunities of children of the maritime territory after the use of adsorbed dtp vaccine and adsorbed dt-m anatoxin]. | the state of collective immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in children of preschool age, depending on the kind of vaccine preparation used for immunization, was studied. the immunological potency of adsorbed dpt vaccine (i.e. its capacity of forming prolonged and stable basic immunity) was shown to be higher in comparison with the potency of adsorbed dt toxoid with reduced antigen content (dt-r). the study revealed that in all groups of children the level of antitetanus immunity was higher than ... | 1999 | 10356739 |
| [feasibility of decreasing the adhesive activity of corynebacterium diphtheriae by biopolymers of natural origin]. | possible decreasing of the corynebacterium diphtheriae adhesive activity by natural biopolymers was studied. it was shown that the strains of c.diphtheriae circulating on the primorye territory had middle, low or minimal adhesive activity. natural biopolymers were found to decrease the adhesive properties of c.diphtheriae. the results of the study are promising for further investigation of natural biopolymers as agents preventing c.diphtheriae colonization on the stomatopharynx mucosa. | 1999 | 10382031 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of a recombinant bacterial heme oxygenase (hmu o) from corynebacterium diphtheriae. | hmu o is a 24-kda soluble bacterial heme degradation enzyme found in the pathogen corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative agent of diphtheria. similar to the mammalian heme oxygenase, it binds hemin stoichiometrically and catalyzes the oxygen-dependent conversion of hemin to biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and free iron. iron is an essential nutrient for bacteria and especially important for pathogenesis. here we report the first crystallization and preliminary crystallographic study of the heme ... | 1999 | 10388628 |
| heme degradation as catalyzed by a recombinant bacterial heme oxygenase (hmu o) from corynebacterium diphtheriae. | hmu o, a heme degradation enzyme in the pathogen corynebacterium diphtheriae, catalyzes the oxygen-dependent conversion of hemin to biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and free iron. a bacterial expression system using a synthetic gene coding for the 215-amino acid, full-length hmu o has been constructed. expressed at very high levels in escherichia coli bl21, the enzyme binds hemin stoichiometrically to form a hexacoordinate high spin hemin-hmu o complex. when ascorbic acid is used as the electron don ... | 1999 | 10409691 |
| similarities between the pathogenesis of and immunity to diphtheria and pertussis: the complex nature of serum antitoxin-induced immunity to these two diseases. | despite data from animal studies, seroepidemiological surveys, and controlled clinical trials, skepticism persists about immunity to pertussis conferred by serum igg neutralizing antibodies (antitoxin). this is largely prompted by the absence of a "protective" level of antitoxin. examination of the similarities between the pathogenesis and immunity to pertussis and diphtheria provides an explanation for this dilemma. as with pertussis, diphtheria toxoid vaccination confers only approximately 70% ... | 1999 | 10447032 |
| the heme complex of hmu o, a bacterial heme degradation enzyme from corynebacterium diphtheriae. structure of the catalytic site. | hmu o, a heme degradation enzyme in corynebacterium diphtheriae, forms a stoichiometric complex with iron protoporphyrin ix and catalyzes the oxygen-dependent conversion of hemin to biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and free iron. using a multitude of spectroscopic techniques, we have determined the axial ligand coordination of the heme-hmu o complex. the ferric complex shows a ph-dependent reversible transition between a water-bound hexacoordinate high spin neutral ph form and an alkaline form, havi ... | 1999 | 10455111 |
| identification of a two-component signal transduction system from corynebacterium diphtheriae that activates gene expression in response to the presence of heme and hemoglobin. | corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative agent of diphtheria, utilizes various host compounds to acquire iron. the c. diphtheriae hmuo gene encodes a heme oxygenase that is involved in the utilization of heme and hemoglobin as iron sources. transcription of the hmuo gene in c. diphtheriae is controlled under a dual regulatory mechanism in which the diphtheria toxin repressor protein (dtxr) and iron repress expression while either heme or hemoglobin is needed to activate transcription. in this ... | 1999 | 10464204 |
| causes, diagnosis and treatment of pharyngitis. | pharyngitis is the only respiratory tract infection in which microbiologic diagnosis has immediate influence on the treatment decision. microbiologic diagnosis should always precede antibiotic treatment of pharyngitis to ensure optimal treatment. penicillin administered for 10 days is still the drug of choice. | 1999 | 10470516 |
| [diagnostic problems in diphtheria infection]. | the problem of diagnosis of diphtherial infection has come to acquire especially significance at the present stage because here in ukraine we have no legitimate standard procedure for identification of a case of diphtheria and because interpretation of results of bacteriological and serological studies in patients who might have diphtheria is often faulty. the diagnosis of atypical cases of mild localized diphtheria in the vaccinated subjects relies on the presence of chronic ent-affections and ... | 1999 | 10474959 |
| [sensitivity of corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated in saint-petersburg to antibacterial drugs]. | one hundred and thirty strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated in st. petersburg (42 toxigenic and 88 nontoxigenic) were tested with the method of serial dilutions in solid media for their susceptibility to 20 antibacterial drugs. the mics of the drugs for the isolates ranged from < or = 0.015 to > or = 32.0 micrograms/ml. 13 per cent of the isolates was resistant at least to one antibacterial drug. the isolates resistant to erythromycin (11.5 per cent), lincomycin (11.5 per cent) and tr ... | 1999 | 10483500 |
| diphtheria in the republic of georgia: use of molecular typing techniques for characterization of corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. | sixty-six corynebacterium diphtheriae strains (62 of the gravis biotype and 4 of the mitis biotype) isolated during the georgian diphtheria epidemic of 1993 to 1998 and 13 non-georgian c. diphtheriae strains (10 russian and 3 reference isolates) were characterized by (i) biotyping, (ii) toxigenicity testing with the elek assay and pcr, (iii) the randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique, and (iv) pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). fifteen selected strains were ribotyped. six rapd ... | 1999 | 10488190 |
| crystal structure of a cobalt-activated diphtheria toxin repressor-dna complex reveals a metal-binding sh3-like domain. | the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) is the prototype of a family of iron-dependent regulator (ider) proteins, which are activated by divalent iron and bind dna to prevent the transcription of downstream genes. in corynebacterium diphtheriae, dtxr regulates not only the expression of diphtheria toxin encoded by a corynebacteriophage, but also of components of the siderophore-mediated iron-transport system. here we report the crystal structure of wild-type dtxr, a 226 residue three-domain dimeri ... | 1999 | 10497029 |
| pcr typing of corynebacterium diphtheriae by random amplification of polymorphic dna. | the usefulness of random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis with ready-to-go rapd beads was investigated for the rapid differentiation of corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates from eastern europe and neighbouring countries. a selection of 45 c. diphtheriae isolates of known origin, biotype, toxigenicity status and ribotype were examined by rapd. twenty rapd profiles (designated rp1-rp20) were revealed among the 45 isolates. there was 100% correlation between rapd profiles and riboty ... | 1999 | 10509474 |
| attenuation of virulence in mycobacterium tuberculosis expressing a constitutively active iron repressor. | iron is an essential nutrient for the survival of most organisms and has played a central role in the virulence of many infectious disease pathogens. mycobacterial ider is an iron-dependent repressor that shows 80% identity in the functional domains with its corynebacterial homologue, dtxr (diphtheria toxin repressor). we have transformed mycobacterium tuberculosis with a vector expressing an iron-independent, positive dominant, corynebacterial dtxr hyperrepressor, dtxr(e175k). western blots of ... | 1999 | 10536010 |
| differential roles of tlr2 and tlr4 in recognition of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cell wall components. | toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 and tlr4 are implicated in the recognition of various bacterial cell wall components, such as lipopolysaccharide (lps). to investigate in vivo roles of tlr2, we generated tlr2-deficient mice. in contrast to lps unresponsiveness in tlr4-deficient mice, tlr2-deficient mice responded to lps to the same extent as wild-type mice. tlr2-deficient macrophages were hyporesponsive to several gram-positive bacterial cell walls as well as staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan. tlr4- ... | 1999 | 10549626 |
| [diphtheroids and nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae in the etiology of diphtheria]. | the review raises a problem of cooperation between a laboratory and clinics for diphtheria diagnosis. according to scientific literature nontoxigenic diphtheroids cause different nosocomial infections of immunocompromised patients. nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae may cause such systemic infections as septic arthritis and endocarditis in people belonging to unsecured strata of the society. a toxin which can be produced not only by c. diphtheriae but also by diphtheroids is the sole reaso ... | 1999 | 10565154 |
| diphtheria is declining but continues to kill many children: analysis of data from a sentinel centre in delhi, 1997. | although diphtheria is declining in delhi, case fatality rates (cfrs) are rising. in 1997, of 143 clinically suspected cases admitted to the infectious diseases hospital 45 (32%) died. we examined their records to understand the epidemiology and reasons for high cfrs. about 53% of cases were from delhi; they were not limited to any particular area. all the deaths and 92% (131/143) of cases occurred in children below 10 years of age. only 12% of cases had received one or more doses of dpt. muslim ... | 1999 | 10579439 |
| [acute corynebacterium diphtheriae aortic endocarditis with negative blood cultures]. | acute endocarditis with negative blood culture is a challenge requiring close cooperation between several specialists. case report: a 15-year-old boy presented with an acute aortic endocarditis due to corynebacterium diphtheriae. blood cultures were negative due to an empiric anti-infective therapy. valvular replacement with a mechanical prosthesis failed to cure the sepsis, which resolved after a cryopreserved allograft implantation. conclusion: this case underlines the efficiency of the highly ... | 1999 | 10587745 |
| [fulminant diphtheria myocarditis in an unvaccinated preschool child]. | we describe a case of a three year old unvaccinated child who developed a fulminant diphtheric myocarditis and nephritis four days after the onset of a tonsillar diphtheria. despite of the administration of antitoxin on day three and four the child died within 48 hours from the beginning of rhythm disturbances. the cardiac involvement rapidly progressed from bradyarrhythmias with the necessity of a temporary pacemaker to ventricular rhythm disturbances with cardiac failure and final ventricular ... | 1999 | 10592928 |
| control of diphtheria: guidance for consultants in communicable disease control. world health organization. | these guidelines for the control and management of diphtheria are intended for consultants in communicable disease control and regional epidemiologists in england and wales. they are intended to complement existing guidance from the world health organization. the guidelines cover the immediate steps to be taken following identification of a case, what is required to confirm the diagnosis, steps to be taken to minimise the likelihood of further linked cases, and what should be done to disseminate ... | 1999 | 10598380 |
| laboratory guidelines for the diagnosis of infections caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae and c. ulcerans. world health organization. | these guidelines represent an application of the world health organization european region's manual for the laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria for laboratories in the united kingdom (uk), but they could be applied to laboratories overseas. the manual was rewritten in response to the re-emergence of diphtheria in eastern europe and the emergence of other infections caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae and c. ulcerans in the uk and overseas. the guidelines summarise our current recommendations an ... | 1999 | 10598381 |
| [corynebacterium diphtheriae]. | 1999 | 10635798 | |
| characterization of a manganese-dependent regulatory protein, tror, from treponema pallidum. | genome sequence analysis of treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, suggests that this bacterium has a limited iron requirement with few, if any, proteins that require iron. instead, t. pallidum may use manganese-dependent enzymes for metabolic pathways. this strategy apparently alleviates the necessity of t. pallidum to acquire iron from the host, thus overcoming iron limitation, which is a primary host defense. interestingly, a putative metal-dependent regulatory protein, tror, wh ... | 1999 | 10485921 |
| a database method for automated map interpretation in protein crystallography. | a significant portion of new protein structures contain folds that are related to those seen before. during the development of a computer program that can accurately position, in electron density maps, large protein domains with large structural deviations, it became apparent that the redundancy in protein folds could be used in a non trivial manner during a protein structure determination. as a result a computational procedure, database assisted density interpretation (dadi), was developed and ... | 1999 | 10450094 |
| a rapid method for positioning small flexible molecules, nucleic acids, and large protein fragments in experimental electron density maps. | a monte carlo procedure, encoded in the program blob, has been developed and tested for the purpose of positioning large molecular fragments or small flexible molecules in electron density maps. the search performed by the algorithm appears to be sufficiently thorough to accurately position a small flexible ligand in well-defined density while remaining sufficiently random to offer interesting alternate suggestions for density representing disordered binding modes of a ligand. furthermore, the a ... | 1999 | 10450093 |
| solution structure and peptide binding studies of the c-terminal src homology 3-like domain of the diphtheria toxin repressor protein. | the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) is the best-characterized member of a family of homologous proteins that regulate iron uptake and virulence gene expression in the gram-positive bacteria. dtxr contains two domains that are separated by a short, unstructured linker. the n-terminal domain is structurally well-defined and is responsible for fe2+ binding, dimerization, and dna binding. the c-terminal domain adopts a fold similar to eukaryotic src homology 3 domains, but the functional role of t ... | 1999 | 10339551 |
| cell surface hydrophobicity of sucrose fermenting and nonfermenting corynebacterium diphtheriae strains evaluated by different methods. | corynebacterium diphtheriae strains expressed variation in hydrophobic characteristics dependent on the method used. results of single assays are not a reliable representation of c. diphtheriae hydrophobicity. all 12 strains adhered to polystyrene surfaces; three showed spontaneous aggregation (sa) in trypticase soy broth (tsb) medium, and eight exhibited autoagglutination in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs; aa-positive). the salt aggregation test (sat) values </=0.002 or >/=1.6 represented break ... | 1999 | 9841780 |
| crystal structure of the iron-dependent regulator (ider) from mycobacterium tuberculosis shows both metal binding sites fully occupied. | iron-dependent regulators are a family of metal-activated dna binding proteins found in several gram-positive bacteria. these proteins are negative regulators of virulence factors and of proteins of bacterial iron-uptake systems. in this study we present the crystal structure of the iron-dependent regulator (ider) from mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. the protein crystallizes in the hexagonal space group p62 with unit cell dimensions a=b=92.6 a, c=63.2 a. the curr ... | 1999 | 9887269 |
| characterization of surface saccharides in two corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. | two corynebacterium diphtheriae strains were analyzed by assays employing a battery of highly purified fluorescent lectins. from 22 lectins tested only seven with affinity to receptor molecules containing n-acetylglucosamine (d-glcnac), n-acetylgalactosamine (d-galnac), galactose (d-gal), mannose-like (d-man-like) and sialic acid residues showed positive fluorescent labeling. a higher reactivity of triticum vulgaris (wga), which binds to sialic acid and/or beta-d-glcnac-containing residues, and ... | 1999 | 9919665 |
| [immunity to diphtheria in the north of france]. | 1999 | 9920972 | |
| immunosurveillance on kosovar children refugees in southern italy. | 2000 | 10896621 | |
| genetic characterization of a streptococcus mutans lrai family operon and role in virulence. | proteins belonging to the lrai (for "lipoprotein receptor antigen") family function as adhesins in several streptococci, as a virulence factor for endocarditis in at least one of these species, and potentially as metal transporters in many bacteria. we have identified and characterized the chromosomal locus containing the lrai family gene (designated sloc) from streptococcus mutans, an agent of dental caries and endocarditis in humans. northern blot analysis indicated that sloc is cotranscribed ... | 2000 | 10899841 |
| [the characteristics of the development of immunity with a primary immunization complex using adsorbed dtp vaccine]. | the intensity of immunity, depending on immune response variants characterized by the definite composition of the t and b lymphocyte subpopulation in peripheral blood, was studied in 70 practically healthy young children after the primary complex of immunization with adsorbed dpt vaccine. the most stable immune reaction was shown to appear in children with the hyperergic and normoergic variants of immune response to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, while the reaction to pertussis antigen was esse ... | 2000 | 10925876 |
| [the efficacy of immunizing children who are forced migrants against diphtheria and tetanus based on the results of serological studies]. | the results of the serological study of 2,352 children aged 1-6 years who had arrived to the territory of the region without any documents on past immunization revealed that most of these children had sufficiently pronounced specific immunity to diphtheria (66.4%) and tetanus (83.6%) thus the tactics of the prophylactic immunization of children having no relevant documents must be worked out with due regard to the results of serological studies. | 2000 | 10925883 |
| epidemiology and control of diphtheria in the republic of moldova, 1946-1996. | in 1994-1996, the republic of moldova was stricken with an epidemic of diphtheria after >30 years of routine diphtheria immunization and the near absence of the disease for nearly 20 years. the intensity of the epidemic gradually grew, reaching a peak in 1994-1995. the epidemiology of diphtheria in moldova during this period is described along with laboratory findings and control measures. pharyngeal diphtheria was the predominant clinical form of the disease (97% of cases), and it most often de ... | 2000 | 10657190 |
| methyl groups of thymine bases are important for nucleic acid recognition by dtxr. | the expression of diphtheria toxin is controlled by the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr). under conditions of high iron concentration, dtxr binds the tox operator to inhibit transcription. to study how dna binding specificity is achieved by this repressor, we solved the crystal structure of the nickel(ii) activated dtxr(c102d) mutant complexed with a 43mer dna duplex containing the dtxr consensus binding sequence. structural analysis of this complex and comparison with a previously determined d ... | 2000 | 10956029 |
| the iron dependent regulatory protein ider (dtxr) of rhodococcus equi. | this paper reports the presence of an ider gene, which encodes an iron-dependent regulatory protein, in rhodococcus erythropolis and in the intracellular pathogen rhodococcus equi. the ider gene of the latter encoded a protein of 230 amino acids with a molecular mass of 25619. the alpha-helices forming the helix-turn-helix motif of the r. equi protein were identical to those of the dtxr protein of corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is an ider homologue. this indicates that the two proteins bind ... | 2000 | 11004391 |
| use of amplified fragment length polymorphisms for typing corynebacterium diphtheriae. | amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) was investigated for the differentiation of corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates. analysis using taxotron revealed 10 distinct aflp profiles among 57 isolates. strains with ribotype patterns d1, d4, and d12 could not be distinguished; however, the technique discriminated isolates of ribotype patterns d3, d6, and d7 further. aflp was rapid, fairly inexpensive, and reproducible and could be used as an alternative to ribotyping. | 2000 | 11015416 |
| epidemic diphtheria in belarus, 1992-1997. | in 1990, epidemic diphtheria reemerged in russia and spread to belarus in 1992, when 66 cases were reported. diphtheria cases doubled each year in 1993 and 1994 and peaked in 1995, when 322 cases were reported. intensified routine immunization of young children and mass vaccination of older children and selected groups of adults were conducted in 1995 and were followed by mass vaccination campaigns targeting all adults in 1996. by the end of 1996, full immunization of >95% of children and covera ... | 2000 | 10657189 |
| epidemic diphtheria in ukraine, 1991-1997. | in 1991, ukraine experienced a return of epidemic diphtheria after decades of control that had resulted in <40 sporadic cases reported every year. increased incidence was first recorded in kiev, lviv, and odessa. by 1993, the epidemic had spread to >50% of the oblasts (provinces) in the country, and by 1995, all regions were affected. in 1995, at the peak of the epidemic, >5,000 cases and >200 deaths were reported. as in russia, >80% of these cases were diagnosed in persons 16-59 years old. in 1 ... | 2000 | 10657188 |
| diphtheria in the russian federation in the 1990s. | a resurgence of diphtheria spread throughout the russian federation in the early 1990s; diphtheria had been well controlled, but circulation of toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae had persisted since the implementation of universal childhood vaccination in the late 1950s. more than 115,000 cases and 3,000 deaths were reported from 1990 to 1997, and, in contrast to the situation in the prevaccine era, most of the cases and deaths occurred among adults. contributing factors included t ... | 2000 | 10657187 |
| endocarditis caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae: case report and review of the literature. | 2000 | 10694006 | |
| [molecular epidemiology of diphtheria re-emerged in russia]. | 2000 | 10695349 | |
| risk factors for diphtheria: a prospective case-control study in the republic of georgia, 1995-1996. | the large-scale resurgence of diphtheria in the former soviet union offered a unique opportunity to evaluate risk factors for the transmission of respiratory diphtheria; therefore, a prospective case-control study was done in the republic of georgia. in total, 218 diphtheria cases (hospitalized between october 1995 and march 1996) and 408 matched controls participated. one hundred cases (45%) were </=14 years of age, and 118 (55%) were >/=15 years of age (range: <1 to 75 years). in the multivari ... | 2000 | 10657203 |
| the 51,409-bp r-plasmid ptp10 from the multiresistant clinical isolate corynebacterium striatum m82b is composed of dna segments initially identified in soil bacteria and in plant, animal, and human pathogens. | the 51,409-bp dna sequence of the multiresistance plasmid ptp10 from the gram-positive opportunistic human pathogen corynebacterium striatum m82b has been determined. fully automated genome interpretation led to the identification of 47 orfs. analysis of the genetic organization of ptp10 suggests that the plasmid is composed of eight dna segments, the boundaries of which are represented by transposons and insertion sequences. the dna segments of ptp10 are highly similar to (1) a plasmid-encoded ... | 2000 | 10732668 |
| rapid enzyme immunoassay for determination of toxigenicity among clinical isolates of corynebacteria. | a rapid enzyme immunoassay (eia) was developed for the phenotypic detection of diphtheria toxin among clinical isolates of corynebacteria. the assay uses equine polyclonal antitoxin as the capture antibody and an alkaline phosphatase-labeled monoclonal antibody, specific for fragment a of the toxin molecule, as the detecting antibody. the assay is rapid, sensitive, and specific: a final result is available within 3 h of colony selection, and the limits of detection are 0.1 ng of pure diphtheria ... | 2000 | 10747112 |
| identification of coryneform bacterial isolates by ribosomal dna sequence analysis. | identification of coryneform bacteria to the species level is important in certain circumstances for differentiating contamination and/or colonization from infection, which influences decisions regarding clinical intervention. however, methods currently used in clinical microbiology laboratories for the species identification of coryneform bacteria are often inadequate. we evaluated the microseq 500 16s bacterial sequencing kit (perkin-elmer biosystems, foster city, calif.), which is designed to ... | 2000 | 10747168 |
| the pathology of diphtheria. | diphtheria is an acute, communicable disease caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae. the disease is generally characterized by local growth of the bacterium in the pharynx with pseudomembrane formation or, less commonly, in the stomach or lungs; systemic dissemination of toxin then invokes lesions in distant organs. acute disease of the upper respiratory tract usually involves one or more of the following: tonsillar zones, larynx, soft palate, uvula, and nasal cavities. a recent epidemic in russi ... | 2000 | 10657202 |
| clinical characteristics and management of 676 hospitalized diphtheria cases, kyrgyz republic, 1995. | the kyrgyz republic experienced a widespread resurgence of diphtheria during 1994-1998. to describe the clinical characteristics and management of diphtheria patients hospitalized in 1995, a retrospective chart review was conducted. physician-diagnosed cases of diphtheria were classified according to the system recommended by the world health organization and unicef. among 676 patients hospitalized with respiratory diphtheria, 163 (24%) were carriers, 186 (28%) had tonsillar forms, 78 (12%) had ... | 2000 | 10657201 |
| diphtheria epidemic in the republic of uzbekistan, 1993-1996. | the republic of uzbekistan, like the other newly independent states in the 1990s, experienced epidemic diphtheria during the 1990s. the outbreak in uzbekistan began in 1993 in southern regions that bordered areas of tajikistan that were experiencing a very intense diphtheria epidemic. however, the uzbek epidemic rapidly spread and threatened to involve the entire country. from 1993-1996, 1169 cases of diphtheria were reported, compared with 58 in 1990-1992. unvaccinated or only partially vaccina ... | 2000 | 10657200 |
| acellular pertussis vaccines. | although whole-cell pertussis vaccines have been highly effective in preventing whooping cough, their common and burdensome adverse reactions have spurred the development of safer alternatives. seven acellular vaccines are licensed in one or more countries; four have been licensed thus far in the united states, and more may follow. although the licensed acellular pertussis vaccines differ in their immunogenicity, adverse reactions, and efficacy, all are effective and, compared with whole-cell va ... | 2000 | 10761506 |
| epidemic diphtheria in the kyrgyz republic, 1994-1998. | the kyrgyz republic experienced a widespread diphtheria epidemic during 1994-1998. national diphtheria surveillance and vaccination coverage information were used to describe the course of the epidemic. the epidemic began in august 1994, reached a peak in 1995 with 704 cases (incidence rate: 15.4/100,000 population) and 30 deaths, and declined to an incidence rate of 4.0/100,000 during the first 8 months of 1998. age-specific incidence was highest in 1995 among persons 15-19 and 20-29 years old. ... | 2000 | 10657199 |
| diphtheria epidemic in the republic of georgia, 1993-1997. | epidemic diphtheria reemerged in the republic of georgia in 1993. from 1993 to 1997, 1405 cases were reported (28 in 1993, 312 in 1994, 429 in 1995, 348 in 1996, and 288 in 1997), with a cumulative incidence of 25.8/100,000 and a case fatality ratio of 9.5%. during 1993-1997, 53% of the diphtheria cases occurred among persons >/=15 years of age. unvaccinated patients were more likely to have toxic forms (relative risk=2.24; 95% confidence interval=1.69-2.96) or to die of diphtheria (relative ris ... | 2000 | 10657196 |
| epidemic investigation of diphtheria in the republic of armenia, 1990-1996. | while incidence rates of diphtheria steadily declined in armenia after world war ii, reemergence of the disease in 1990 brought about changes in public health practices and identified resource needs. the armenian ministry of health (moh) routinely collected diphtheria case reports, as a reportable health outcome. diphtheria incidence rates increased from 0.02/100,000 in 1993 to 1/100,000 (36 cases) in 1994. the distribution of cases showed that the greatest number of illnesses and deaths occurre ... | 2000 | 10657194 |
| retrospective diagnosis of diphtheria by detection of the corynebacterium diphtheriae tox gene in a formaldehyde-fixed throat swab using pcr and sequencing analysis. | the tox gene of corynebacterium diphtheriae was detected in a formaldehyde-fixed throat swab taken from a 68-year-old man who was reported to have died of suffocation due to a pharyngeal tumor. dna templates prepared from bacterial cells fixed with 10% formaldehyde were subjected to a pcr analysis with tox gene-specific pcr primers. the resultant 112-nucleotide-long pcr product was sequenced using a dye terminator method, and an expected 57-nucleotide-long internal sequence of the tox gene was d ... | 2000 | 10835015 |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae genes required for acquisition of iron from haemin and haemoglobin are homologous to abc haemin transporters. | corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium ulcerans use haemin and haemoglobin as essential sources of iron during growth in iron-depleted medium. c. diphtheriae and c. ulcerans mutants defective in haemin iron utilization were isolated and characterized. four clones from a c. diphtheriae genomic library complemented several of the corynebacteria haemin utilization mutants. the complementing plasmids shared an approximately 3 kb region, and the nucleotide sequence of one of the plasmids rev ... | 2000 | 10760164 |
| identification of the proximal ligand his-20 in heme oxygenase (hmu o) from corynebacterium diphtheriae. oxidative cleavage of the heme macrocycle does not require the proximal histidine. | the coordination and spin-state of the corynebacterium diphtheriae heme oxygenase (hmu o) and the proximal hmu o h20a mutant have been characterized by uv-visible and resonance raman (rr) spectrophotometry. at neutral ph the ferric heme-hmu o complex is a mixture of six-coordinate high spin and six-coordinate low spin species. changes in the uv-visible and high frequency rr spectra are observed as a function of ph and temperature, with the six-coordinate high spin species being converted to six- ... | 2000 | 10766788 |
| toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae associated with an equine wound infection. | 2000 | 10826839 | |
| atrioventricular block in a toxic child: do not forget diphtheria. | we describe a 4.5-year-old girl who presented with severe febrile throat infection and who, after a few days, developed ventricular tachycardia followed by atrioventricular block. although a pacemaker was inserted, she died of cardiogenic shock. throat cultures were positive for corynebacterium diphtheriae. | 2000 | 10818196 |
| vaccines: world health organization versus federal drug administration recommended formula. | vaccines produced in accordance with who formulas, differ in concentration from those used in united states according to fda formulas. we aimed to compare the immunogenicity of both formulas. infants who were 6 weeks old were randomly put into 3 groups to receive 3 doses of vaccines at 6 weeks, 3 months and 5 months of age. the vaccines consisted of haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and oral polio vaccine. antibody levels for polyribosylribitol phosphate (prp), ... | 2000 | 11794070 |
| a randomised controlled trial with a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (dtpa) vaccine in adults. | the aim of this assessor-blinded trial was to compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a candidate diphtheria, tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine with reduced antigen content for diphtheria and pertussis (dtpa) with a licensed reduced adult-type diphtheria-tetanus vaccine td (reduced diphtheria content) and with an experimental candidate monovalent acellular pertussis vaccine with reduced antigen content (pa). the dtpa and pa vaccines had identical pertussis antigen content. ... | 2000 | 10715521 |
| histidine 20, the crucial proximal axial heme ligand of bacterial heme oxygenase hmu o from corynebacterium diphtheriae. | the hemin complex of hmu o, a 24-kda soluble heme degradation enzyme in corynebacterium diphtheriae, is coordinated axially to a neutral imidazole of a proximal histidine residue in hmu o. to identify which of the eight histidines in hmu o is the proximal heme ligand, we have constructed and expressed the plasmids for eight his --> ala hmu o mutants. reconstituted with hemin, the active site structures and enzymatic activity of these mutants have been examined by epr, resonance raman, and optica ... | 2000 | 10751393 |
| manganese homeostasis in bacillus subtilis is regulated by mntr, a bifunctional regulator related to the diphtheria toxin repressor family of proteins. | the bacillus subtilis yqhn gene encodes a metalloregulatory protein distantly related to the corynebacterium diphtheriae diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr). while dtxr mediates the iron-dependent repression of iron uptake, we demonstrate that yqhn (herein renamed mntr) encodes a manganese modulated regulator of manganese transport. an mntr mutant strain is sensitive to both manganese and cadmium, suggesting that the transport of these metals is derepressed. we selected tn10 insertions that suppre ... | 2000 | 10760146 |
| current approaches to the laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria. | despite the success of mass immunization in many countries, diphtheria continues to play a major role as a potentially lethal resurgent infectious disease. early, accurate diagnosis is imperative since delay in specific therapy may result in death. the microbiologic diagnosis of the disease, the identification of contacts and carriers, and the appropriate clinical management of these patients are therefore crucial. the epidemiology of diseases caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae has changed dr ... | 2000 | 10657205 |
| the european laboratory working group on diphtheria: a global microbiologic network. | increasing international travel, migration to and from epidemic areas, and the emergence of epidemic corynebacterium diphtheriae strains globally have highlighted the need for better microbiologic surveillance and greater clinical and laboratory awareness. as part of the strategy developed by the world health organization, one major goal is particularly applicable to the microbiology and epidemiology of diphtheria: to improve surveillance for early detection of emerging and reemerging diseases b ... | 2000 | 10657206 |
| direct polymerase chain reaction for detection of toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae strains from the republic of georgia after prolonged storage. | a total of 226 paired nose and throat swab specimens from 113 clinical diphtheria cases from the republic of georgia were analyzed by direct polymerase chain reaction targeting both a and b subunits of the diphtheria toxin gene, tox. even after prolonged transport and extensive storage (7-14 months) of the clinical specimens in silica gel packages, direct polymerase chain reaction detected the diphtheria tox gene in 54% of the specimens. specimens obtained by throat swab were three times more li ... | 2000 | 10657207 |
| molecular epidemiology of diphtheria. | molecular subtyping of corynebacterium diphtheriae identified significant genetic diversity within the species and led to the identification of a unique clonal group that emerged in russia in 1990 at the beginning of the current epidemic. strains of this group belong to a distinct electrophoretic type complex and are of ribotypes d1 and d4. identification of the group allowed for precise monitoring of the epidemic's progression and for rapid detection of cases imported to other countries. the ev ... | 2000 | 10657209 |
| epidemic diphtheria in the newly independent states of the former soviet union: implications for diphtheria control in the united states. | the re-emergence of diphtheria in the newly independent states of the former soviet union in the 1990s raised global awareness of the potential for resurgent disease in countries with long-standing immunization programs. in the united states, the large population of susceptible adults and the possibility of a reintroduction of toxigenic strains of diphtheria create a setting in which diphtheria could spread. in addition, at least one focus of continued circulation of endemic toxigenic corynebact ... | 2000 | 10657221 |
| characterization of specific nucleotide substitutions in dtxr-specific operators of corynebacterium diphtheriae that dramatically affect dtxr binding, operator function, and promoter strength. | the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) of corynebacterium diphtheriae uses fe(2+) as a corepressor. holo-dtxr inhibits transcription from the iron-regulated promoters (irps) designated irp1 through irp5 as well as from the promoters for the tox and hmuo genes. dtxr binds to 19-bp operators with the consensus sequence 5'-ttaggttagcctaacctaa-3', a perfect 9-bp palindrome interrupted by a single c. g base pair. among the seven known dtxr-specific operators, irp3 exhibits the weakest binding to dtxr. ... | 2000 | 10629190 |
| degradation of heme in gram-negative bacteria: the product of the hemo gene of neisseriae is a heme oxygenase. | a full-length heme oxygenase gene from the gram-negative pathogen neisseria meningitidis was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. expression of the enzyme yielded soluble catalytically active protein and caused accumulation of biliverdin within the e. coli cells. the purified hemo forms a 1:1 complex with heme and has a heme protein spectrum similar to that previously reported for the purified heme oxygenase (hmuo) from the gram-positive pathogen corynebacterium diphtheriae and for eukaryot ... | 2000 | 11073924 |
| nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae: an emerging pathogen in england and wales? | confirmed isolates of nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae in england and wales increased substantially from 1986 to 1994. ribotyping of 121 isolates confirmed in 1995 showed that 90 were of a single strain isolated exclusively from the throat; none had previously been identified in toxigenic strains from u.k. or non-u.k. residents. the upward trend in nontoxigenic c. diphtheriae probably represented increased ascertainment, although dissemination of a particular strain or clone may have bee ... | 2000 | 11076724 |
| cell surface components and adhesion in corynebacterium diphtheriae. | main primary approaches and new developments in the study of the molecular basis of the adhesive process of corynebacterium diphtheriae are reviewed along with a discussion of the potential importance of hemagglutinins, exposed sugar residues, hydrophobins and trans-sialidase enzymes as adhesins of strains of the sucrose fermenting and non-fermenting biotypes. | 2000 | 11099937 |
| biology and molecular epidemiology of diphtheria toxin and the tox gene. | diphtheria toxin (dt) is an extracellular protein of corynebacterium diphtheriae that inhibits protein synthesis and kills susceptible cells. the gene that encodes dt (tox) is present in some corynephages, and dt is only produced by c. diphtheriae isolates that harbor tox+ phages. the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) is a global regulatory protein that uses fe2+ as co-repressor. holo-dtxr represses production of dt, corynebacterial siderophore, heme oxygenase, and several other proteins. diagno ... | 2000 | 10657208 |
| diphtheria in estonia, 1991-1996. | clinical diphtheria reappeared in estonia in 1991. between 1991 and 1996, 61 cases and 5 deaths occurred; 19 cases were among children 5-9 years of age, and 11 were among persons 40-49 years of age. from 1993-1995, vaccine supplies donated by finland were used in vaccination programs. in 1995, the international federation of red cross and red crescent societies and the estonian red cross launched a mass vaccination campaign targeting the adult population. by the end of 1997, it was estimated tha ... | 2000 | 10657193 |
| diphtheria in latvia, 1986-1996. | after nearly two decades without a diphtheria case in latvia, the disease reappeared in 1986. from 1990 to 1996, case counts were highest among adults 40-49 years of age, school-aged children, and adolescents. nonetheless, the average annualized incidence of disease was highest among infants and preschoolers. in august 1995, mass vaccination efforts began to provide adults 25-60 years of age with at least one dose of vaccine. by the end of the year, a 77% coverage rate was achieved, resulting in ... | 2000 | 10657192 |
| diphtheria in lithuania, 1986-1996. | diphtheria reappeared in lithuania in 1986 and rose to epidemic levels by 1992. between 1991 and 1996, 110 cases of diphtheria were registered, with an incidence of 0.03-1.15/100,000 population. most cases (84%) and all 17 deaths occurred among persons >/=15 years, most of whom had never been vaccinated. persons 40-49 years old had the highest average annual age-specific morbidity (1.70/100,000) and mortality (0.53/100,000) rates. low levels of immunity among individuals 40-49 years old and migr ... | 2000 | 10657191 |
| [the effect of the nature of the iron sources on the growth of different corynebacterium diphtheriae strains]. | in the study of the influence of organic and inorganic sources of iron on the growth of 5 c. diphtheriae clinical isolates bacterial growth was found to depended on the nature of the source of iron and its concentration. differences between the strains in the level of growth, observed when ferric sulfate was used as the only source of iron in the medium, were established. quantitative differences in the concentrations of inorganic and organic sources of iron, necessary for growth, were determine ... | 2000 | 10876887 |
| evidence of increased carriage of corynebacterium spp. in healthy individuals with low antibody titres against diphtheria toxoid. | this study evaluated whether a correlation exists between carriage of corynebacteria and the lack of immunity to diphtheria toxoid. samples of both nasal and pharyngeal secretions were taken from 500 apparently healthy subjects of both sexes and of all ages and inoculated onto tinsdale's medium. a serum sample was also taken for elisa test to determine the titre of diphtheria toxin antibodies. none of the subjects carried corynebacterium diphtheriae. ninety-three strains of corynebacterium spp. ... | 2000 | 11057966 |
| [pathogenic properties of corynebacterium diphtheriae]. | the main pathogenic properties of 73 c. diphtheriae strains (their adhesive, invasive and cytotoxic activity) were characterized in the cultures of cells hep-2 and vero. the quantitative determination of the toxigenicity of 381 strains in the indirect hemagglutination test was made, and the strains were distributed by the degree of their toxigenicity. the characteristics of c. diphtheriae obtained with the use of in vitro experimental models, coincided with the severity of clinical manifestation ... | 2000 | 11210616 |
| [pathogenicity factors of corynebacterium diphtheriae circulating in the primorski region under conditions of mass immunization of population]. | the study of the main pathogenicity factors of c. diphtheriae (adhesive activity, toxigenicity, detection of tox+ gene) circulating in the primorski territory has been made. as revealed in this study, at the period of declined epidemic process due to mass immunization of the adult and child population against diphtheria the selection of c. diphtheriae strains with weak toxigenicity and low adhesiveness was observed. no strains having tox+ genes have been detected among c. diphtheriae nontoxigeni ... | 2000 | 11210640 |
| [the use of polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of diphtheria infection]. | 624 corynebacterium diphtheriae strains, newly isolated from patients and carriers, were studied with the use of the methods of gel immunodiffusion (elek's test) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in the evaluation of 388 c. diptheriae strains, found to be toxigenic in pcr, the results of elek's test coincided with those of pcr on 98% of cases. in 38 out of 143 strains (26.5%), nontoxigenic according to the results of elek's test, the presence of the a-fragment of the tox-gene was established. ... | 2000 | 11220973 |
| [formation of erythromycin resistance in corynebacterium diphtheriae induced by long-term effect of the antibiotic]. | erythromycin resistance induced in corynebacterium diphtheriae strains by subinhibitory concentrations of this antibiotic has been investigated. six strains of c. diphtheriae highly susceptible to erythromycin were grown in the broth with 0.5 minimal inhibitory concentration (mic). after 23-25 cultivations the susceptibility to erythromycin in the strains tested began to decrease gradually. after 46-52 consequent cultivations the strains became moderately resistant, and after 60-72 ones 5 cultur ... | 2000 | 11247343 |
| [first confirmed case of laryngeal diphtheria in djibouti]. | the first bacteriologically confirmed case of laryngeal diphtheria in djibouti was reported in 1998. it involved a three-year-old native-born infant who had been vaccinated during the first year of life with three doses of a combined vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, and pertussis. a rapid clinical improvement was observed under erythromycin treatment. other cases of laryngeal diphtheria have been observed. it is important to reverse decreasing vaccinal coverage in djibouti and ... | 2000 | 11258062 |
| comparison of four serological methods for the detection of diphtheria anti-toxin antibody. | the aim of this study was to compare four serological methods for the detection of corynebacterium diphtheriae igg anti-toxin antibodies (igg-dtab) in human serum. one hundred serum samples were evaluated for c. diphtheriae igg-dtab by four different methods: passive haemagglutination (pha), latex agglutination test (la), toxoid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (toxoid-elisa), and toxin-binding inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (tobi-elisa). as the external standardisation the neutra ... | 2000 | 11042283 |
| epidemiology of diphtheria in south dakota. | respiratory diphtheria was one of the most common causes of death among children in the pre-vaccine era. since the introduction of diphtheria toxoid vaccine in 1920s, and its widespread use by the late 1940s, diphtheria became increasingly rare in the united states. however, through the 1970s diphtheria remained endemic in some states, with reported incidence rates > 1.0 per million population in six states (alaska, arizona, montana, new mexico, south dakota, and washington). starting in 1980, l ... | 2000 | 10932611 |
| diphtheritic myocarditis: clinical and laboratory parameters of prognosis and fatal outcome. | of the 97 throat smear-positive cases of diphtheria treated, 16 developed evidence of myocarditis (16.5%). age, duration of illness prior to admission, anatomical extent of membrane formation, total leukocyte count and serum glutamic oxalo-acetic transaminase (sgot) levels were analysed in fatal and non-fatal cases and the differences between the two groups found to be statistically significant with regard to anatomical extent of membrane formation, total leukocyte count and sgot levels. the ext ... | 2000 | 11064774 |
| [adaptation mechanisms in the formation of the corynebacterium diphtheriae carrier state]. | the complex clinico-laboratory examination of 92 children aged 3-14 years with the localized form of stomatopharyngeal diphtheria and toxigenic c. diphtheriae (tcd) carrier state was carried out. the children were hospitalized in the clinic of drop infections during the period of 1996-1998. the hydrophobic properties, adhesive, lysozyme, antilysozyme and dnaase activities of 92 tcd strains, as well as the levels of the specific and nonspecific immunity of the macroorganism, were studied. the stu ... | 2000 | 12712509 |
| expression of the virulence-related sca (mn2+) permease in streptococcus gordonii is regulated by a diphtheria toxin metallorepressor-like protein scar. | the acquisition of transition metal ions by pathogenic bacteria is crucial to their growth and survival within the human host, however, the mechanisms of metal ion homeostasis in streptococci are unknown. the scacba operon in the human oral bacterium streptococcus gordonii encodes the components of an abc-type transporter for manganese (mn2+). production of substrate-binding lipoprotein scaa was increased approximately fivefold in cells cultured in low mn2+ medium (< 0.1 microm mn2+), but not in ... | 2000 | 11029696 |
| [specificity of antibodies to diphtheria toxin subunits in children with various forms of diphtheria infections]. | in order to study the specificity of serum antibodies to separate subunits of diphtheria toxin, sds-electrophoresis of diphtheria toxin preliminary disintegrated on the subunits via trypsin treatment was performed, followed by immunoblotting assay. 86 blood serum samples of children with diphtheria carriers of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae as well as children with other infectious diseases similar to diphtheria in their clinical manifestation, and healthy one ... | 2001 | 12199083 |