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[effect of psk on the recovery of macrophage function in tumor-bearing mice].chemotactic response of macrophage to pha was depressed at early stages in allogeneic sarcoma 180-bearing icr mice and syngeneic x5563-bearing c3h/he mice and their depressed response were restored to the normal levels by psk. macrophages-dependent resistance against listeria monocytogenes at early phase of infection was depressed at the early stage after tumor inoculation. the depressed resistance was restored by psk in x5563-bearing mice and by a combination of tumor resection and psk in sarco ...19846721504
kaposi's sarcoma associated with hairy cell leukemia, immune thrombocytopenia, and opportunistic infection.a 73-year-old man developed kaposi's sarcoma 6 years after the diagnosis of hairy-cell leukemia, at which time a splenectomy was performed. he received no additional treatment. the kaposi's sarcoma was complicated by the development of immune thrombocytopenia and listeria monocytogenes meningitis. evaluation during the course of his disease revealed lymphopenia, decreased okt4 + subset, and increased okt8 + subset. the clinical and immunologic findings in this patient have similarities to the ac ...19846722736
resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis: acquired ability of the host to kill parasites at the site of infection.the purpose of these studies was to follow the development of acquired resistance in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis by measuring changes, against time, in the ability of mice infected with leishmania tropica to inhibit the growth of a challenge inoculum of parasites. in addition, the development of t lymphocytes that mediate the acquired response was followed by adoptive immunization. it was found that acquired resistance developed rapidly and reached a maximum level at the time when the p ...19846735464
non-neonatal infection due to listeria monocytogenes.in the period from 1969 through 1983, four cases of non-neonatal listeria monocytogenes meningitis were encountered in dallas, representing an incidence rate of 0.3%. three cases occurring in immunocompetent patients are the subject of this report. a review of the literature since 1945 produced 87 cases of listeria infections in patients who were from 2 months to 20 years of age. of these, 54% occurred in immunocompetent persons. the case-fatality rate was 15% in the immunocompetent patients, co ...19846739324
[significance of antibiotic-forming microorganisms in biological waste water clarification].streptomyces spec. producing antibiotics were detected very seldom in the wastewater pretreatment plant of braunschweig. however, bacillus spec. producing antibiotics are common. there are about one permille of the total population of bacteria in wastewater (fig. 1). reflecting the total number of bacteria, the psychrophilic microorganisms growing at 20 degrees c increase more during the oxidation step of wastewater treatment than the mesophilic bacteria growing at 30 or 37 degrees c. but reflec ...19846741330
adult respiratory distress syndrome: a rare manifestation of listeria monocytogenes infection in pregnancy. 19846742055
listeria monocytogenes septic arthritis following intra-articular yttrium-90 therapy.listeria monocytogenes is a rare cause of septic arthritis, which usually occurs in a host compromised by systemic illness. intra-articular irradiation with yttrium-90 is generally free of complication. we report a case of intra-articular sepsis of the knee joint by listeria monocytogenes acquired under unusual circumstances.19846742916
[infective listeria monocytogenes endocarditis in a valve prosthesis. report of a case]. 19846743041
properties and requirements for production of a macrophage product which suppresses steroid production by adrenocortical cells.lipopolysaccharide-treated murine peritoneal exudate macrophages (pem) release a factor or factors into the supernatant that suppress adrenocorticotropic hormone-induced steroidogenesis in explanted rabbit adrenocortical cells (j. c. mathison et al., j. immunol. 130:2757-2762, 1983). to determine the requirements for suppression, pem supernatants (30 microliters) were added to explanted rabbit adrenocortical cells in a final volume of 120 microliters with 10 mu of adrenocorticotropic hormone per ...19846746095
resistance to 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide of t cells involved in cell mediated antibacterial immunity.4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide is a derivative of cyclophosphamide which in vitro is converted into an active metabolite of cyclophosphamide. this compound was used to define the relative susceptibilities of t cells involved in the immune response of mice to the intracellular pathogen, listeria monocytogenes. l. monocytogenes-specific t cell proliferation and interleukin production in vitro, as well as adoptive protection and delayed-type hypersensitivity in vivo, all proved to be markedly resist ...19846609893
rifampicin and rifapentine in treatment of experimental listeriosis in normal mice and athymic (nude) mice.rifampicin and rifapentine were used in the treatment of listeria monocytogenes infections in normal mice and congenitally athymic (nude) mice. results were compared with untreated controls and with the results obtained from a previous study of ampicillin in which this model was used. low doses of rifampicin or rifapentine were adequate to cure normal mice. the efficacy of these antibiotic treatment schedules was lost in nude mice. prolonged antibiotic treatment schedules with increased dosages ...19846610540
flow microfluorometry analysis of alterations in t-lymphocyte subsets during murine listeriosis.c57bl/6 mice were infected intravenously with 6 x 10(3) listeria monocytogenes organisms. as early as day 3 of infection, there was a marked reduction in the number of lymphocytes recovered from the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and thymuses of infected animals. concomitantly, there was an increase in the number of splenic lymphocytes. by day 14, both the total and differential cell counts were similar in both infected and normal animals. flow microfluorometric studies comparing the thy-1.2, ly ...19846611310
experimental beryllium-induced lung disease. ii. analyses of bronchial lavage cells in strains 2 and 13 guinea pigs.in previous studies, we found that endotracheal administration of beryllium oxide (beo) produced cell-mediated immunity and granulomatous lung disease in strain 2 but not strain 13 guinea pigs. this report describes phenotypic and functional studies of bronchial lavage cells from both guinea pig strains after beo exposure. in beo-treated strain 2 animals, the percentage of t (er+)3 lymphocytes was significantly (p less than 0.05) elevated above normal by 2 weeks after beo exposure, while t lymph ...19846607221
the handling of listeria monocytogenes by macrophages: the search for an immunogenic molecule in antigen presentation.the activation of t lymphocytes for immunity to the intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes requires that ia-positive macrophages ingest the bacteria. the subsequent handling of listeria by macrophages was examined in this report and related to antigen presentation to t cells. macrophages pulsed with radiolabeled listeria, besides releasing acid-soluble radioactivity--an indication of extensive catabolism of the listeria-derived proteins--were also found to release acid-insoluble peptides. ...19846581226
pathogenicity of natural and experimental listeriosis in newly hatched chicks.the pathogenicity of listeria monocytogenes for newly hatched chickens exposed to natural infection was examined. organisms entered through the alimentary tract and dissemination followed bacteraemia. among a number of symptoms recorded were unilateral and bilateral toe paralysis. in addition to gross abnormalities in the following tissues, histological lesions were seen in the liver, spleen, heart and kidneys of all infected chicks but brain lesions were observed only in birds with central nerv ...19846424196
studies of immune function and host resistance in b6c3f1 mice exposed to formaldehyde.a series of immune function and host resistance parameters were examined in female b6c3f1 mice following a 21-day (6 hr/day) inhalation exposure to 15 ppm of formaldehyde (hcho). immune parameters examined included delayed hypersensitivity to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, antibody plaque-forming cell response to sheep erythrocytes (t-lymphocyte-dependent antigen) and tnp-ficoll (t-lymphocyte-independent antigen), lymphoid organ weights and histopathology, routine hematology, bone marrow cellularity ...19846424265
modulation of natural killer activity in mice following infection with listeria monocytogenes.mice that received a sublethal, intraperitoneal dose of viable listeria monocytogenes, virulent strain 10403, exhibited a systemic increase in natural killer (nk) activity. the kinetics of the response differed with respect to the various effector cell populations analyzed. resident peritoneal cells and peripheral blood leukocytes demonstrated high nk activity on days 3, 7, and 10. peak spleen and bone marrow nk activity was observed on day 3, returning to normal levels by day 7. in contrast, pe ...19846423290
oxygen radical production by peritoneal macrophages and kupffer cells elicited with lactobacillus casei.balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intravenously (i.v.) with lactobacillus casei yit9018 (lc 9018). the i.p. injected lc 9018 augmented oxygen radical (or) production by peritoneal macrophages (pm) and suppressed the production of prostaglandin e2 by pm. the growth of i.p. inoculated meth a fibrosarcoma was also inhibited by an i.p. injection of lc 9018. i.v. injection of lc 9018 stimulated or production by fixed macrophages and inhibited the growth of listeria monocytogenes i ...19846423544
concomitant induction of an inflammatory response and immunosuppression by an extract from listeria monocytogenes.an immunosuppressive agent (isa) present in an aqueous extract from listeria monocytogenes diminished the immune response in vivo to subsequently injected heterologous antigen. intraperitoneal injection of isa induced an inflammatory response and activation of the reticuloendothelial system, both of which coincided with the period of immune hyporesponsiveness. mice treated with isa exhibited increased accumulation of labelled antigen to phagocytic peritoneal cells but decreased delivery of label ...19846423747
killing of listeria monocytogenes by inflammatory neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes from immune and nonimmune mice.acquired resistance to the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes is thought to require immunologically activated macrophages. using peritoneal exudate cells from nonimmunized mice in a suspension bactericidal assay, however, we found that peritoneal neutrophils obtained early during the inflammatory process (4 hr after elicitation) and macrophages obtained later during inflammation (maximal listericidal activity at 48 hr after elicitation) were able to kill listeria in vitro ...19846423748
developmental interrelationship of specific lyt 123 and lyt 1 cell sets in expression of antibacterial immunity to listeria monocytogenes.lyt phenotypes of peritoneal exudate t lymphocytes from listeria monocytogenes-immune mice were determined with respect to their capacity to confer protection upon local or systemic transfer. it is shown that, locally, lyt 1 t cells provide protection, whereas only unselected native populations, containing adequate numbers of lyt 123 t cells, were effective in transferring systemic protection. when lyt 1 t cells were the crucial cell type (local transfer), admixture of lyt 123-containing periton ...19846425216
enhancement of host resistance against listeria infection by lactobacillus casei: role of macrophages.among the 10 species of the genus lactobacillus, l. casei showed the strongest protective action against listeria monocytogenes infection in mice. the activity of l. casei differed with regard to the dose of administration. the anti-l. monocytogenes resistance in mice intravenously administered 5.5 x 10(7), 2.8 x 10(8), or 1.1 x 10(9) l. casei cells was most manifest at ca. 2, 2 and 13, and 3 to 21 days after its administration, respectively. the growth of l. monocytogenes in the liver of mice i ...19846425222
protective mechanisms against infection by listeria monocytogenes: accumulation and activation of macrophages.the protective mechanisms against listeria monocytogenes were analysed in mice. listeria immune mice were rechallenged with viable listeria, and the degree of activation of macrophages, the degree of accumulation of macrophages to the infected sites, and these mechanisms were studied. enhanced acquired resistance to the reinfection became detectable from the early stage of immunization. it was observed that activation of macrophages was mediated by pretreatment with antigen from the early stage ...19846425503
radiation effects on cultured human monocytes and on monocyte-derived macrophages.prior to administration, leukocyte transfusions are commonly irradiated with up to 5,000 r to eliminate lymphocytes and thereby prevent graft-versus-host disease in the recipient. it has been widely believed that phagocytes are resistant to this irradiation. in a recent report, we noted that phagocyte oxidative metabolism was compromised during preparation of white cells for transfusion. as part of our effort to examine the basis for this inhibition of phagocyte function during white cell prepar ...19846426552
relationship between bactericidal and phagocytic activities of peritoneal macrophages induced by irritants.cellular accumulation to the peritoneal cavity and modification of various functions of peritoneal macrophages were observed in mice injected intraperitoneally (ip) with thioglycollate medium (tg), liquid paraffin, proteose peptone and corynebacterium parvum. the cellular composition of peritoneal exudates at 4 days after injection of irritants was almost the same in all the groups and the proportion of macrophages was increased approximately 4 times more than nontreated controls. the ability to ...19846427467
listeria monocytogenes meningitis.presented is the case of a 42-year-old, previously healthy man with meningitis secondary to listeria monocytogenes. following lumbar puncture, empiric therapy with intravenous penicillin was started and he was hospitalized. subsequently l monocytogenes was proven to be the causative organism and antibiotic therapy was changed to ampicillin and gentamicin. the patient's condition improved. he was discharged and continues to do well. there was no evidence at any time of underlying predisposition t ...19846428282
inhibition of normal rat macrophage functions by soluble tumor products. effect of systemic treatment with bacterial immunomodulators.the phagocytic and chemotactic activities of normal rat peritoneal macrophages were inhibited by sera from tumor-bearing rats (tbr) and 3 m kcl extracts of tumor mass. however, sera from corynebacterium parvum- or listeria monocytogenes-treated tbr did not inhibit phagocytosis. on the other hand, sera from c. parvum-treated, but not from l. monocytogenes-treated tbr still inhibited the chemotactic response of the normal macrophages. furthermore, 3 m kcl extracts of tumors from c. parvum-treated ...19846428737
changes in serum colony-stimulating factor and monocytic progenitor cells during listeria monocytogenes infection in mice.the capacity of a host to produce and mobilize monocytes is an essential component of host defenses during the early phases of infection caused by listeria monocytogenes. in this study, the concentrations of colony stimulating factor (csf) and the numbers of monocyte progenitor cells (cfum) were measured in mice during infection with l. monocytogenes. the concentration of csf in serum increased sharply during the first 24 h of infection and remained elevated for the next 7 days. the number of cf ...19846429043
[occurrence of listeria , bedsonia, leptospira and brucella antibodies in workers on animal husbandry farms in wielkopolska]. 19846429736
pathogenesis and growth of listeria monocytogenes in fertile hens' eggs.the ld50 for 15-day old chicken embryos inoculated with listeria monocytogenes into the allantoic sac was determined. the growth cycle of the organism was investigated in different tissues and fluids derived from embryonated eggs following inoculation with a suspension of l. monocytogenes equivalent to the ld50. eggs receiving doses of 100 and 1000 times the ld50 were used to examine the effect of high doses on the pathogenesis and growth of listeria in ovo. the pattern of growth of the organism ...19846429979
new methodology for the isolation of listeria microorganisms from heavily contaminated environments.a new methodology was devised for the isolation of microorganisms of listeria genus from heavily contaminated materials, by which 88% of tested sheep were identified as carriers. there were 286 strains isolated by our methodology versus 19 by the classical system.19846430229
effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on the in vitro and in vivo bactericidal activity of human and mouse neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes.dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) is reported to have antiinflammatory activity in various systems. since resistance to bacterial infection can be thought of as a specialized type of inflammation, we were interested in determining the effect of dmso on phagocyte bactericidal activity. the results indicated that in vitro dmso treatment of human and mouse neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the killing of escherichia coli and listeria monocytogenes. however, pretre ...19846430803
[research on listeria monocytogenes in soils]. 19846431224
[listeria infection in different periods of pregnancy]. 19846431701
immunosuppression following 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene exposure in b6c3f1 mice. i. effects on humoral immunity and host resistance.it has previously been demonstrated that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah), benzo(a)pyrene (b[a]p), suppresses the terminal step in b-cell differentiation, resulting in a decrease in antibody production to t-dependent and b-2 t-independent antigens. the purpose of this study was to ascertain if this effect was common to carcinogenic pahs or specific for b[a]p. the pah 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba) was administered to b6c3f1 female mice by ten sc injections of 0.5, 5, or 10 microg ...19846433512
[isolation and germ count of listeria monocytogenes in raw and biologically treated waste water].the concentration of listeria monocytogenes was determined in 66 samples of waste water and of the effluent after the biological step in the waste water pretreatment plant of braunschweig. 697 strains of listeria were isolated, 84 per cent of them were l. monocytogenes. the concentration of listeria varied between 10(3)-2.4 x 10(5) cells/l. neglecting some exceptions, there were about ten times more listeria in the sludge than in the clearly filtered waste water. in general, listeria seem to be ...19846433596
antigen processing and presentation by macrophages.the classical macrophage is one of the most important cells involved in presenting antigen to helper t cells, because of its ability to regulate its expression of ia molecules and to encounter and process particulate and soluble antigens. we have summarized in this report studies examining the handling by macrophages of two different antigens, the bacteria listeria monocytogenes and the protein hen egg white lysozyme (hel). the purpose was to identify potential sources of immunogenic peptides. p ...19846433692
influence of phospholipids from listeria monocytogenes and aspergillus fumigatus on the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages.investigations were carried out on an influence of phospholipids from a. fumigatus and l. monocytogenes on the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. l. monocytogenes bacilli and c. neoformans fungi served as the experimental microorganisms. phospholipids from a. fumigatus and l. monocytogenes were shown to significantly increase macrophage activity under in vivo and in vitro conditions. this was accompanied by an intensified bactericidal and fungicidal activity of ...19846433852
production of macrophage-activating and migration-inhibition factors in vitro by serologically selected and cloned listeria monocytogenes-specific t cells of the lyt 1+2- phenotype.lyt-selected listeria-immune t lymphocytes from peritoneal exudates and cloned t cells were cocultured with heat-killed listeriae and peritoneal macrophages from nonimmune donors. supernatants were assayed for: activation of macrophages for tumoristatic and tumoricidal activity via macrophage-activating factors and migration-inhibition factor activity. peptone-induced peritoneal macrophages were activated by incubation with the supernatants for 24 h. for examination of cytocidal activity, 51cr-l ...19846434424
[listeria strains isolated from sick animals and consumed silage].forty-eight strains of listeria isolated from sick animals (27 goats, 19 sheep, 2 cows) from 33 farms, and 40 isolated from the silage eaten by these animals were studied. listeria were isolated more frequently from poor quality silages than from those of good quality, although they were found in 11 out of 31 excellent silages with a ph value comprised between 3.6 and 4. the 88 strains were characterized by biochemical and serological examinations, phage typing and measurement of their virulence ...19846435497
attempts to characterize the t-cell population and lymphokine involved in the activation of macrophage oxygen metabolism in murine listeriosis.cultures of t cells from listeria monocytogenes-immune mice, macrophages, and heat-killed listeria organisms produced a factor(s) capable of activating macrophage oxygen metabolism. the activity depended on the presence of lyt 1+2,3- t cells in the primary culture. macrophage oxygen metabolism could also be induced by a l. monocytogenes-specific t-cell clone which was recently shown to mediate anti-listerial protection in vivo and to secrete interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) in vitro. furthermore, ma ...19846435889
characterization of natural killer cells induced in the peritoneal exudates of mice infected with listeria monocytogenes: a study of their tumor target specificity and their expression of murine differentiation antigens and human nk-associated antigens.that m1/70, a monoclonal anti-murine macrophage antibody, recognizes murine natural killer cells (nk) and that there is an increase in nk following intraperitoneal infection with live listeria monocytogenes (lm) was previously reported. here, lm-induced nk cells were further characterized with respect to tumor target specificity and the expression of murine mast cell, mononuclear phagocyte, and lymphocyte differentiation antigens plus human nk-associated antigens. the m1/70-selected nk (mac 1 nk ...19846435890
protection of mice against the intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes by recombinant immune interferon.immune interferon, available at high specific activity through recombinant dna technology, is known to activate macrophages to intra- and extracellular cytotoxicity. we now report that murine recombinant ifn-gamma activates macrophages to cytotoxicity also when applied in vivo. furthermore, recombinant ifn-gamma can protect mice in vivo against the intracellular bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes in a local as well as in a systemic infection model. the role of t lymphocyte-produced lympho ...19846436036
evaluation of rapid identification of gram-positive cocci in positive blood cultures by use of the automicrobic system gram-positive identification card.because rapid identification of gram-positive organisms from blood cultures may provide valuable information for patient care and because the automicrobic system gram-positive identification (ams-gpi) card (vitek systems, inc., hazelwood, mo.) is designed for the identification of these organisms in 4 to 13 h, we designed this study to evaluate the performance of the ams-gpi card in the direct identification of gram-positive organisms upon detection of growth in blood culture bottles. we compare ...19846436292
the effect of natural killer cells on the development of syngeneic hematopoietic progenitors.to determine whether natural killer (nk) cells are involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis, well-characterized, cell sorter-purified nk cells were incubated with syngeneic bone marrow, and the effect of this interaction on the development of various hematopoietic progenitors was assessed. nk cells were obtained from the peritoneal exudates of cba/j mice after i.p. infection with live listeria monocytogenes (lm). these nk cells were nylon wool-nonadherent and were purified by using m1/70, a r ...19846436368
[a case of listeria monocytogenes meningitis]. 19846436409
listerellosis with meningitis in a renal transplant recipient--a case report. 19846436434
immunogenic dialyzable factor derived from a ribosomal fraction of salmonella typhimurium iii. analysis of resistance induced by dialyzable factors.dialyzable factors (df) were prepared from ribosomal fractions of several organisms including rough mutants of salmonella typhimurium lt2, salmonella species of different serogroups, other enteric bacteria and gram-positive organisms, and tested for their immunogenicity against s. typhimurium infection in mice. all of them conferred local resistance on mice challenged intramuscularly with s. typhimurium lt2 in the early stage of immunization before the establishment of delayed-type hypersensitiv ...19846436650
[immunostimulation in an animal model using intestinal bacteria preparations].the treatment of mice with an injection preparation consisting of killed r-tribes of non-pathogenous e. coli caused an increase in microbicidic activities in the animal's blood and effects a significant protection against consecutive infections with salmonella typhimurium. the enhancement of the animal' resistance capacity appears to be non-specific, and connected with the activity of leucocytes. oral application of preparations of intestinal bacteria led to increased resistance against consecut ...19846436712
macrophage activity in mice undergoing chronic graft-versus-host reactions.the functional state of the mononuclear phagocyte system has been investigated in mice undergoing chronic graft-versus-host (gvh) reactions (gvhr), initiated by the injection of parental dba/2 lymphoid cells into (dba/2 x c57bl/6)f1 hybrid mice. macrophage function was assessed in vivo by the ability to develop host resistance to infection with listeria monocytogenes and found to be normal in gvh mice, as measured by the development of resistance during the early phase of natural (macrophage-med ...19846437028
management of neonatal meningitis, 1984.neonatal bacterial meningitis continues to cause substantial mortality and morbidity despite the advent of new antimicrobial agents and of modern intensive care facilities. in dallas, the case-fatality rate for bacterial meningitis in newborn and young infants is 17% (40 of 231 patients). three pathogens, group b streptococcus, escherichia coli and listeria monocytogenes, accounted for 84% of the causative agents. although new beta-lactam antibiotics have been extensively evaluated in experiment ...19846438045
a study of 280 cases of neonatal meningitis in the netherlands.within the framework of a more extensive study of the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the netherlands (1976-1982), 280 cases of neonatal meningitis were investigated retrospectively. escherichia coli (132 cases, 47%), streptococcus agalactiae (68 cases, 24%), listeria monocytogenes (12 cases, 4%) were the organisms most commonly isolated. the mortality rate for these 280 cases was 27%. the male-female ratio was 1.33:1. the minimum incidence for the netherlands was calculated to be 23 per ...19846438242
[current state of the diagnosis of listeriosis]. 19846438736
[enzootic septicemic listeriosis in a migrating flock of sheep]. 19846438797
virulence of different strains of listeria monocytogenes serovar 1/2a.different strains of listeria monocytogenes serovar 1/2a were used to infect mice. a smooth, haemolytic strain multiplied in the spleen of normal adult mice and induced a long-lasting immunity to subsequent challenge infection. when the animals were treated with dextran sulphate (ds) listeriae multiplied more rapidly and death followed within a few days. when normal baby mice were infected with this organism, fatal infection occurred. in nude mice a chronic infection developed. secondly, a rough ...19846439987
mode of action and in-vitro activity of vancomycin.vancomycin is a unique glycopeptide structurally unrelated to any currently available antibiotic. it also has a unique mode of action inhibiting the second stage of cell wall synthesis of susceptible bacteria. there is also evidence that vancomycin alters the permeability of the cell membrane and selectively inhibits ribonucleic acid synthesis. induction of bacterial l-phase variants from susceptible organisms with vancomycin is extremely difficult, and such variants are unstable. stable l-phase ...19846440886
role of lipid in butylatedhydroxyanisole (bha) resistance of listeria monocytogenes.the lipid content of listeria monocytogenes 5214m was increased by successive subculturing in a glycerol medium. fattened cells showed considerably greater resistance to butylatedhydroxyanisole (bha). polar lipids and fatty acid composition of four cultures with different bha sensitivity were analysed. they are basically similar but the resistant cultures had a lower percentage of unsaturated and anteiso to saturated and iso fatty acids.19846441388
[listeria monocytogenes antibodies in pregnant women treated in obstetrics and gynecology hospital departments and outpatient clinics in poland 1975-1981]. 19846441738
dissociative effects of a novel immunomodulating agent (cp-20, 961) on host defenses of mice.the antimicrobial and antitumor effects of cp-20,961, a synthetic lipoid amine with immunomodulating properties, were investigated. mice given cp-20,961 ip seven or three days before challenge with ip listeria monocytogenes had a lower mortality than control mice. by contrast, cp-20,961 did not protect against lethal challenges of either salmonella typhimurium or toxoplasma gondii. in parallel with the in vivo studies, peritoneal macrophages from cp-20,961-injected mice inhibited multiplication ...19846441823
failure of cephalosporins to cure experimental listeriosis.in vitro, 15 strains of various serotypes of listeria monocytogenes were found to be susceptible to cefazedone and cephalotin. other cephalosporins, such as cefotaxime, were much less active. in spite of their relatively good in vitro activities, however, neither cefazedone nor cephalotin reduced the bacterial counts in mice infected with a virulent strain of l. monocytogenes. in contrast, ampicillin was active both in vitro and in vivo. cephalosporins should not be used clinically for treating ...19846441826
the use of beta-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of septicaemia and endocarditis.despite the availability of numerous beta-lactam antibiotics, benzylpenicillin remains the most important beta-lactam antibiotic in the treatment of bacterial endocarditis. penicillin alone and in combination with an aminoglycoside is effective in the treatment of endocarditis due to all streptococci, streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus aprophilus, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, cardiobacterium hominis, listeria monocytogenes. oral phenoxyme ...19846442009
role of haemolysin and temperature in the pathogenesis of listeria monocytogenes in fertile hens' eggs.the haemolysin produced by listeria monocytogenes at 37 degrees c and 4 degrees c was examined in fertile hens' eggs. organisms, cell free extracts and purified haemolysin derived from broth cultures grown at the lower temperature were more pathogenic for chick embryos, induced higher mortality with toxic changes in the embryos. these effects were most pronounced with the purified haemolysin as shown by ld50 determinations and following inoculation of constant haemolytic doses. pathological chan ...19846442508
[antibiotic sensitivity of 139 strains of listeria serotyped by the national reference center in 1983].the susceptibility of 139 strains of listeria towards eight antibiotics--penicillin, ampicillin, cephalotin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin and pefloxacin--was studied. all strains were susceptible to all antibiotics except pefloxacin. the lowest mic (less than or equal to 0.5 mg/l) were obtained with penicillin, ampicillin, gentamicin and erythromycin. for tetracycline, cephalotin and chloramphenicol, mic ranged from 0.5 to 16 mg/l. the mic of pefloxacin varied from 4 t ...19846442548
immunomodulation by surface components of listeria monocytogenes: a review.surface components of bacteria make the initial contact with host defence mechanisms. such components from listeria monocytogenes have been studied in attempts to elucidate mechanisms of pathogenicity. the cell walls of different serotypes of l. monocytogenes have been reported to contain abundant peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, lipoteichoic acid, endotoxin, and lipopeptidopolysaccharide. cell walls are b cell mitogens in vivo and in vitro, fix complement, are chemotaxigenic and decrease resistanc ...19846442644
a phage typing system for listeria monocytogenes and its use in epidemiological studies.a phage-typing system for listeria monocytogenes is necessary to eludicate its transmission and spread. we describe the general characteristics of a phage-typing system for l. monocytogenes and its use in selected epidemiological studies. previously 78.4% of 823 strains of listeria isolated in france between 1958 and 1978 were typable with a set of twenty phages isolaged from lysogenic strains. we now use twenty-seven phages; six derived from serovars 1/2a and 1/2b, eight from 4b, and thirteen f ...19846442645
a synthetic based medium for the isolation of listeria monocytogenes.we have compared two media (tryptone soya nalidixic acid agar and tryptone soya gum base nalidixic acid medium) for the isolation of l. monocytogenes from pathological and environmental specimens. these media were used in conjunction with henry's oblique light system. we found that the gum based medium gave the better results. the medium is uniformly transparent, partially suppressive to unwanted organisms and allows colonies of listeria to be readily identified.19846442646
analysis of listeria monocytogenes antigens with monoclonal antibodies.hybridomas secreting antibodies directed against listeria monocytogenes were produced by the fusion of a drug sensitive tumor cell line with splenic b cells from mice immunized with l. monocytogenes. a solid phase radioimmunoassay (ria) screening procedure was performed with three forms of listerial antigens: (i) heat killed l. monocytogenes (hklm); (ii) isopycnic gradient purified soluble listerial proteins (slp) and (iii) syngeneic macrophages which had ingested hklm (mac-lm). ninety-three hyb ...19846442647
the cellular response to listeria monocytogenes is mediated by a heterogeneous population of immunospecific t cells.immunospecific t cells cooperate with macrophages in the expression of delayed type hypersensitivity and cellular resistance to listeria monocytogenes. the mediator cells involved are generated in response to an immunizing listeria infection. immunospecific t cells are formed in lymphoid tissue and appear briefly in the blood. many localize at sites of microbial implantation, but others leave the blood spontaneously and infiltrate tissues throughout the body. both circulating t cells and those i ...19846442648
the role of natural resistance in protection of the murine host from listeriosis.host resistance to infection with listeria monocytogenes in the murine host can be viewed as comprising an early, non-immunologically specific phase of natural resistance, and this is followed 2-3 days later by a phase of acquired or immunologically specific cellular resistance. recent evidence has shown that the key mechanisms underlying natural resistance are under genetic regulation: mice classed as relatively resistant demonstrate an early net bacterial growth rate which is significantly low ...19846442649
the processing and presentation of listeria monocytogenes antigens by macrophages.macrophages play a requisite role in the induction and expression of t lymphocyte responses to listeria monocytogenes. for effective t cell-macrophage interaction to occur, macrophages must perform at least two fundamental functions. they must take up and handle the antigen, and they must express appropriate membrane glycoproteins encoded for by the i-region of murine major histocompatibility gene complex (ia molecules). data collected in a murine model suggests that the following sequential eve ...19846442650
activation of listeria monocytogenes-induced prekiller t cells by interleukin-2.thymus-dependent lymphocytes, or t cells, of rats infected with listeria monocytogenes acquire a potent cytolytic capability when the cells are restimulated in vitro by listeria antigens. activation of such listeria monocytogenes-dependent cytotoxic t lymphocytes requires both antigen and histocompatible accessory cells, but only when the responder t cells have been specifically depleted of lymphocytes that are responsive to accessory cell alloantigens. when unselected t cells are used, signific ...19846442651
natural resistance to listeriosis: role of host inflammatory responsiveness.the accumulation of inflammatory macrophages at the infective foci appears to represent the major host defense mechanism during the early or innate phase of resistance to infection with listeria monocytogenes. certain inbred strains of mice, such as a/j [a] have genetically-determined defects in macrophage mobilization in vivo in response to intraperitoneal (ip) treatment with the nonspecific inflammatory stimulus, thioglycollate. these strains of mice are also genetically-susceptible to infecti ...19846442652
enhancement of passive antilisterial immunity and change of lyt phenotype following in vitro stimulation of murine lymphoid cells from immune donors.to enhance the functional activity of the immune lymphoid cells required for passive antilisterial immunity, we cultured spleen cells from listeria-immune mice in vitro with specific mitogens or listerial antigens and then transferred these cells into normal syngeneic mice. we assayed the level of passive immunity in these recipients either by their resistance to challenge with viable listeria monocytogenes or by their delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response to listerial antigens. in vitro ...19846442653
listeria monocytogenes infections in canada.since its first isolation by murray in 1926 listeria monocytogenes has become recognized as a significant pathogen occurring worldwide and involving a wide range of wild and domestic animals including man. the first confirmed human listeriosis case in canada was published by stoot in 1951. a later survey based on records maintained at the laboratory centre for disease control, ottawa showed 101 cases detected over a 21 year period in nine provinces. the overall mortality was 30%. the most freque ...19846442654
surveillance of listeria monocytogenes in human and environmental specimens in nova scotia, 1974 to 1981.we examined specimens for l. monocytogenes using the "cold enrichment" technique of gray et al. (j. bacteriol., 55: 471, 1948) and a nalidixic agar plate (ann. inst. pasteur 111: 90, 1966). between 1974 and may 1981, we isolated l. monocytogenes from four of 5,255 specimens (rectal, vaginal and placental swabs; blood; spinal fluid; semen; necropsy material) which came from eight human populations (neonates, children, adult men, and pregnant and nonpregnant women) and from 161 animals. three of t ...19846442655
in vitro and in vivo activity of various antibiotics against listeria monocytogenes type 4b.inadequate guidelines for the treatment of neonatal listeriosis led us to evaluate various antibiotics in a newborn rat model of listeria monocytogenes type 4b sepsis. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbc based on 99.9% killing), expressed as micrograms/ml, were determined for: ampicillin (mic 0.46/mbc 3.20); ampicillin with subinhibitory concentrations of gentamicin (0.24/not done); erythromycin (0.14/3.59); gentamicin (0.38/1.11); gentamicin with ...19846442656
[listeriosis: case report and repetitorium].three cases of listeriosis are presented: the first patient was a 72-year-old man, who had an operative removal of a thymom one and a half year ago. in 1983 he developed polyradiculitis and was treated with cortison. three months later he developed meningeal symptoms. in the cerebrospinal fluid 10(5) per ml listeria monocytogenes could be isolated. under treatment with chloramphenicol and gentamycin he was cured. the second case was a female 84-year-old patient, who suddenly developed drowsiness ...19846442917
[campylobacter jejuni, yersinia enterocolitica and listeria monocytogenes in dogs from municipal kennels in rome]. 19846443156
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for bacterial meningitis.trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has excellent microbiologic activity against most pathogens that produce meningitis; both components of this drug have high penetration into tissues, including the cerebrospinal fluid. clinical experience shows that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be beneficial in the treatment of gram-negative bacillary meningitis caused by organisms only moderately susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins (enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens) or resistant to these an ...19846372565
pharmacokinetics and bacteriological efficacy of mezlocillin in experimental escherichia coli and listeria monocytogenes meningitis.the purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and bacteriological effect of mezlocillin in experimental meningitis caused by listeria monocytogenes and two escherichia coli strains. the half-life of mezlocillin in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was approximately twice that in serum of experimentally infected animals, and the penetration of drug into csf was 5 to 15% after a single dose and 5 to 20% after continuous-infusion experiments. the bactericidal titer in csf for both suscept ...19846375552
cellular immunity induced by avirulent salmonella in lps-defective c3h/hej mice.an avirulent strain of salmonella, sl3235, has been shown to confer high levels of immunity on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-hyporesponsive c3h/hej mice. immunized mice were also protected against challenge with listeria monocytogenes, indicating that the salmonella vaccine activates macrophages. it was shown that protection and macrophage activation occurred without correction of the lps defect, as assessed by in vivo endotoxin toxicity, in vitro spleen cell mitogenicity, and the ability of in vivo ...19846376631
separate transfer of mouse protection and delayed-type hypersensitivity with salmonella typhimurium transfer factor.delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) induced with salmonella typhimurium transfer factor (tf) contributed to an increase in mean survival days of mice challenged with homologous organisms and afforded only a low level of host protection as determined by survival rate, compared with that obtained by active immunization. tf of other enteric bacteria could transfer dth which is cross-reactive to salmonella antigen but did not afford host protection. although tf of listeria monocytogenes did not tran ...19846380767
differential expression of macrophage effector functions: bactericidal versus tumoricidal activities.macrophage populations may be induced to express tumoricidal or bactericidal activities following exposure to certain stimuli. an understanding of the differences in the stimulatory mechanisms and in the characteristics of the macrophages they affect will be facilitated by comparing functional activities of various macrophage populations. the experiments described here were conducted to determine whether injection of a single stimulus necessarily drives cells to express both tumoricidal and bact ...19846384403
in vitro activity of imipenem--a review.a review is given of the microbiological properties of imipenem, a new carbapenem antibiotic with an exceptionally broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. an evaluation of results of numerous in vitro studies reveals that imipenem effectively inhibited growth of 53 of 55 bacterial species, the mean mic90 being less than 8 mg/l. the mic90 for cocci, with the exception of staphylococcus epidermidis, is in the range of 0.01-3.1 mg/l. the mic90 for all enterobacteriaceae is equal to or less than 8 ...19846389125
host defense mechanisms to perinatal and neonatal listeria monocytogenes infection. 19846390622
overview of neonatal listeriosis.neonatal listeriosis accounts for the largest recognizable group of infections due to listeria monocytogenes. fetal wastage with early gestational infection is a recognized complication of maternal infection. late gestational maternal infection or asymptomatic colonization may be associated with neonatal infection. early-and late-onset clinical forms are recognized and the epidemiology, and clinical features of neonatal listeriosis resemble neonatal infections due to group b streptococci. the so ...19846398177
new perspectives on the gastrointestinal mode of transmission in invasive listeria monocytogenes infection.the route or mechanism of transmission of listeria monocytogenes from its rural veterinary reservoir to newborn and older human populations has been obscure. anecdotal reports of milk-borne infection from cows with listeria mastitis have been published, but intensive investigations of small outbreaks of l. monocytogenes infections in humans have not supported a gastrointestinal mode of infection. several recent studies, however, strongly suggest this possibility, and case-control studies of epid ...19846398178
comparison of three serological methods--enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, complement fixation, and microagglutination--in the diagnosis of human perinatal listeria monocytogenes infection.serological diagnosis of human perinatal infection with listeria monocytogenes is at present unsatisfactory. difficulties in performing or interpreting serodiagnostic tests include weak or absent antibody responses to infection and extensive serologic cross-reactions with other organisms. in an attempt to overcome these problems, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect igg (elisa-g) and igm (elisa-m) antibody to l. monocytogenes and compared these tests with microagglutinatio ...19846398179
effect of acute nutritional deprivation on immune function in mice. ii. response to sublethal radiation.previous studies from this laboratory indicated that mice starved for 48 or 72 hr were resistant to the intracellular pathogen, listeria monocytogenes. in the present experiments, we investigated the possibility that rapidly proliferating monocytes were responsible for the early protective effect observed in these mice. confirming previous studies, the numbers of l. monocytogenes in livers and spleens of starved mice were 2-3 logs lower than those of fed mice 72 hr after inoculation of bacteria. ...19846421521
functional significance of the regulation of macrophage ia expression.the relationship of ia expression and antigen-presenting function by macrophages has been evaluated. when macrophages are maintained in standard culture media, both ia antigens and accessory cell function are lost. the reacquisition of these properties follows exposure to an ia-inducing lymphokine, for which cdna-derived interferon-gamma may substitute. the induction of function is related quantitatively to the level of ia expression. moreover, both properties reflect newly expressed ia determin ...19846421602
macrophage-mediated suppression of t lymphocyte proliferation induced by oral carrageenan administration.carrageenan, a high molecular weight sulphated polygalactan, is a potent inhibitor of immune responses mediated by macrophages. in the present study, spleen cells from rats orally dosed with 5 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg seakem 9 carrageenan displayed a long-lasting depression of t lymphocyte mitogenesis as measured by [3h]-thymidine uptake in response to phytohaemagglutinin (pha) or concanavalin a (con a). maximal suppression of splenic t cell proliferation occurred with the low dose (5 mg/kg) of orally ...19846237983
listeria monocytogenes pericarditis in a chronically hemodialyzed patient.we describe the third documented case of listeria monocytogenes pericarditis. this occurred in a 54-year-old woman with end-stage renal failure on chronic hemodialysis. her initial presentation was one of listeria monocytogenes bacteremia, which apparently responded to two weeks of cefazolin sodium therapy. after cessation of therapy the patient returned with listeria monocytogenes pericarditis, this responding completely to four weeks of erythromycin therapy. we could not rule out coexisting en ...19846465192
toxicity of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide in the rat. ii. suppression of thymus-dependent immune responses and of parameters of nonspecific resistance after short-term exposure.to evaluate the functional significance of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (tbto)-induced thymus atrophy, lymphocyte depletion in spleen and lymph nodes, lymphopenia, and increased serum igm and decreased igg concentrations, in vivo and in vitro function studies were performed for specific and nonspecific resistance. weaned male rats were fed diets containing 0, 20, or 80 mg tbto/kg for at least 6 weeks. regarding the thymus-dependent immunity, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to ovalbumin as we ...19846474470
infection of the central nervous system by listeria monocytogenes: a review of 54 adult and juvenile cases.the clinical features in 54 juvenile and adult patients with listeria monocytogenes infection of the central nervous system are described. thirty-one of the patients had pre-existing chronic disease; the remainder were previously healthy. twenty of the patients, the 'meningo-encephalitic group' developed focal neurological signs. the remaining 34, the 'meningitic group' exhibited no focal signs other than those caused by increased intracranial pressure. the 'meningitic group' differed from the ' ...19846484116
[hemolytic effect of listeria innocua on sheep erythrocytes].the influence of culture medium composition on hemolytic effects produced by listeria innocua on sheep blood agar has been investigated. neither alpha- nor beta-hemolysis could be observed around l. innocua colonies grown on sheep erythrocyte agar lacking glucose. however, green zones of hemolytic phenomena were observed around colonies grown on such agar which contained 0,6% (w/v) glucose. by using l. innocua cell suspensions and culture filtrates this glucose-associated hemolysis only occurred ...19846485632
resistance of gnotobiotic nude mice to listeria infection.unlike the acute and short-term course of experimental listeriosis in phenotypically normal (nu/+) mice, listeria monocytogenes infection in conventionally raised athymic nude mice results in chronic inflammation with persistence of bacteria and lesions in the internal organs such as liver and spleen. although it could be shown that germfree nude mice had no intestinal microbial flora and lacked measurable serum immunoglobulins, neither the course nor the histomorphology of experimental listerio ...19846486724
listeria monocytogenes bacteremia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 19846497214
influence of steroidal and nonsteroidal sex hormones on host resistance in mice: increased susceptibility to listeria monocytogenes after exposure to estrogenic hormones.subchronic exposure to pharmacological levels of estrogenic compounds, including 17 beta-estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, and alpha-dienestrol, significantly increased the mortality of b6c3f1 female mice after listeria infection. compounds with little estrogenic activity, including 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, zearalenol, and corticosterone, did not alter listeria-related mortality. estrogen-induced alterations in resistance were inhibited by both adult thymectomy and the estrogen an ...19846500690
[antitumor activity of bacterial fractions and related synthetic compounds].we have purified the cell-wall skeletons (cws) of mycobacterium bovis bcg, nocardia rubra, propionibacterium acnes and listeria monocytogenes as the adjuvant-active principles of these bacterial cells. these cell-wall skeleton preparations were shown to have antitumor activities in experimental tumor systems. especially bcg-cws and n. rubra-cws were applied for the treatment of human cancer. the synthetic immunoadjuvants such as cord factor, mycoloyl and quinonyl derivatives of n-acetylmuramyldi ...19846508322
listeriosis in seven bushy-tailed jirds.listeriosis was diagnosed in 7 bushy-tailed jirds (sekeetamys calurus). death in all cases was acute, and there were no clinical signs. necropsy revealed necrotizing lesions in the liver, intestines, spleen, and hepatic and mesenteric lymph nodes. on histologic examination large numbers of gram-positive coccobacilli were seen in the lesions. pneumonitis was seen in 6 jirds, and small numbers of bacteria were seen in the lungs in all cases except one. diagnosis was based on bacterial culture of t ...19846511584
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