Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| comparative in vitro activity of first, second and third generation cephalosporins. | minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) were determined against 662 recent clinical isolates for eight cephalosporins representing first, second and third generation compounds. all four third-generation cephalosporins tested (cefoperaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and moxalactam) were significantly more active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria than the older compounds (cephalothin, cefamandole, cefoxitin, and cefuroxime). cefotaxime and moxalactam were most active against enterobacteriaceae ... | 1981 | 6274143 |
| comparative in vitro activity of ceftizoxime, cefoperazone, and cefoxitin against anaerobic bacteria. | against 482 obligate anaerobes studied by the agar dilution technique, ceftizoxime was significantly more active than both cefoxitin and cefoperazone (p less than 0.001); the latter two agents were comparable in activity. the enhanced activity of ceftizoxime, as compared with the activity of cefoxitin, was against both gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobes (especially lactobacillus and bacteroides spp). cefoperazone, however, was more active than cefoxitin against gram-positive anaerobes (pa ... | 1981 | 6275782 |
| cefmenoxime (sce-1365), a new cephalosporin: in vitro activity, comparison with other antimicrobial agents, beta-lactamase stability, and disk diffusion testing with tentative interpretive criteria. | the in vitro activity of cefmenoxime (sce-1365) was evaluated in a multiphased collaborative investigation. over 7,500 consecutive clinical isolates were tested in five laboratories, and greater than 90% of the following organisms were inhibited by cefmenoxime at the following concentrations: enterobacteriaceae and non-enterococcal streptococci, </=0.125 mug/ml; staphylococcus aureus, </=2.0 mug/ml; and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli and bacteroides fragilis group, </=32 mug/ml. both beta-l ... | 1981 | 6275784 |
| inconsistency of synergy between the beta-lactamase inhibitor cp-45,899 and beta-lactam antibiotics against multiply drug-resistant enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas species. | synergy between cp-45,899 and ampicillin or newer beta-lactam antibiotics against multiply drug-resistant enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas species was inconsistent. in contrast, synergy between cp-45,899 and ampicillin against beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae type b and bacteroides fragilis was consistent and marked. | 1981 | 6289732 |
| relationships between serological groups and deoxyribonucleic acid homology groups in bacteroides fragilis and related species. | the serological properties of antigens extracted from strains of bacteroides fragilis and related species belonging to several different deoxyribonucleic acid homology groups were investigated. antisera prepared against formalin-treated whole cell suspensions of representative strains were tested against cell suspensions, cell wall preparations, and extracts of homologous and heterologous strains by using agglutination, immunodiffusion, and hemagglutination techniques. serological results indica ... | 1981 | 6162856 |
| the tk antigenic determinant studies of tk-activated red blood cells with endoglycosidases. | 1981 | 6164088 | |
| the toxicity of bacteroides fragilis endotoxins before and after removal of nucleic compounds. | 1981 | 6167154 | |
| inhibition of ribonucleic acid polymerase by a bacteriocin from bacteroides fragilis. | the bacteroides fragilis bacteriocin which inhibits ribonucleic acid (rna) polymerase activity had a narrow activity spectrum in vivo and only inhibited the growth of certain b. fragilis strains. in vitro the bacteriocin was not specific and inhibited rna polymerases from widely diverse bacterial genera. rna polymerases from rifampin-resistant strains of bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and clostridium acetobutylicum were resistant to the bacteriocin in vitro. purified bacteriocin bound to partially ... | 1981 | 6177280 |
| in vitro activity of n-formimidoyl thienamycin, moxalactam, and other new beta-lactam agents against bacteroides fragilis: contribution of beta-lactamase to resistance. | n-formimidoyl thienamycin (n-f-thienamycin) and moxalactam were compared with other currently available and investigational antibiotics against 100 clinical isolates of bacteroides fragilis by an agar dilution method. n-f-thienamycin was the most active among the beta-lactam agents tested, with a minimal inhibitory concentration for 90% of isolates (mic90) of 0.25 micrograms/ml. moxalactam was next in activity, with an mic90 of 4 micrograms/ml. n-f-thienamycin was somewhat more active, and moxal ... | 1981 | 6214986 |
| serological evidence for the role of bacteroides fragilis and enterobacteriaceae in the pathogenesis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. | pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) is classically divided into gonococcal and non-gonococcal forms depending on whether or not gonococcus is isolated from the lower genital tract. chlamydia trachomatis seems to be another major pathogen in pid. in an attempt to determine the role of facultative enteric bacteria and anaerobic bacteroides fragilis in the pathogenesis of pid antibodies to the enterobacterial common antigen (eca) and b. fragilis capsular polysaccharide were measured in paired sera of ... | 1981 | 6109939 |
| anaerobic bacteria in pediatric infections. | anaerobic bacteria normally outnumber aerobic bacteria in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. they have been isolated from pediatric patients with various diseases. anaerobic bacteria have been shown to colonize newborns immediately after delivery. these organisms are associated with cellulitis at the site of fetal monitoring, neonatal aspiration pneumonia bacteremia, conjunctivitis and omphalitis. clostridial spores have been found in cases of necrotizing enterocolitis. botulism of ... | 1981 | 6110328 |
| enzyme-mediated resistance of bacteroides fragilis to moxalactam. | 1981 | 6110951 | |
| rapid detection and identification of bacteroides fragilis and bacteroides melaninogenicus by immunofluorescence. | bacteroides fragilis group and bacteroides melaninogenicus group fluorescent-antibody kits were evaluated with 188 clinical specimens and 116 fresh aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates. fluorescent-antibody and culture results corresponded in 88% of clinical specimens of the b. fragilis group and 94% of clinical specimens of the b. melaninogenicus group. there was greater than or equal to 90% correlation for both kits with colony smears. antigen sharing by bacteroides bivius, bacteroides dis ... | 1981 | 6112238 |
| use of fluorescence microscopy for monitoring periodontal disease state. | samples of subgingival plaque from patients with periodontal disease and control subjects were stained with the fluoretec fluorescent test kits (pfizer inc., new york) developed for the rapid detection of members of the bacteroides fragilis and b. melaninogenicus groups of anaerobes. the same fluorescent fields were also examined by dark-field microscopy for the total count of bacteria. bacteroides fragilis and b. melaninogenicus were found in plaque samples of healthy subjects and periodontally ... | 1981 | 6117364 |
| [detection of anaerobes by direct immunofluorescence on clinical samples : evaluation of fluoretec f and m (author's transl)]. | immunofluorescence is a method allowing rapid identification of bacteria. the authors study two reagents. fluoretec f and m, respectively detecting bacteroidis fragilis and bacteroidis melaninogenicus. these reactions were carried out directly on the clinical specimens. after a study carried out with 132 clinical specimens, by comparison with the usual techniques for isolation and identification, the following results were seen : fluoretec f showed 89 p. cent concordance, 0.8 p. cent false negat ... | 1981 | 6118083 |
| the fluoretec system for rapid diagnosis of bacteroides infections by direct immunofluorescence of clinical specimens. | fluoretec, a commercial kit for the rapid diagnosis by immunofluorescence of infections caused by bacteroides spp was compared with a standard culture method. a total of 1010 specimens were tested for the presence of b fragilis group by fluoretec f and b melaninogenicus-oralis and asaccharolytic groups by fluoretec m. fluoretec f was positive in 123/152 specimens culturing b fragilis group strains. seventeen specimens were positive by fluoretec f but negative on culture. fluoretec m was positive ... | 1981 | 6120183 |
| anaerobic septic arthritis. | during a 3 1/2 year period anaerobic septic arthritis was diagnosed in 43 patients (46 joints). the hip and knee accounted for 83% of the infected joints. anaerobic infections complicated elective musculoskeletal surgery in 23 patients, including 21 with total joint arthroplasties. an additional 12 patients developed septic arthritis following surgical treatment of traumatic injuries of an extremity. gram-positive cocci were the anaerobes most commonly found in these two groups of surgical patie ... | 1982 | 6121642 |
| fructose 6-phosphate phosphorylation in bacteroides species. | 6-phosphofructokinase (6-pfk) activities have been measured in cell extracts from a number of bacteroides species. two main types of 6-pfk were found: an atp-linked 6-pfk and a ppi-linked 6-pfk. in most strains both of these activities were found, although in two strains only atp-linked 6-pfk was present. the ppi-linked 6-pfk activity was always higher, when both activities were present, and showed michaelis-menten kinetics with respect to fructose 6-phosphate. in contrast, the atp-linked 6-pfk ... | 1982 | 6122675 |
| [isolation of bacteroides from the pathological specimens]. | 1982 | 6124071 | |
| pyogenic arthritis due to bacteroides complicating rheumatoid arthritis. | two cases of anaerobic, pyogenic arthritis complicating rheumatoid disease due to bacteroides are described. the relative well-being of the patients and indolence of the affected joints are emphasised, and the effective role of metronidazole in the treatment of septic arthritis due to bacteroides is discussed. | 1982 | 6124215 |
| collagenolytic activity associated with bacteroides species and actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. | 1982 | 6125580 | |
| a bacteriocin typing scheme for bacteroides. | epidemiological studies of bacteroides spp. have been hindered because a suitable typing method is not available. in preliminary studies, 50 strains of bacteroides were screened against each other for bacteriocin production and sensitivity; 54% of them produced bacteriocin(s) and more than 90% were sensitive to at least one bacteriocin. after calculation of similarity values for these 50 isolates, a typing set of six bacteriocinogenic strains was selected for a typing method based on bacteriocin ... | 1982 | 6126595 |
| the direct immunofluorescence in the presumptive identification of bacteroides species. | two kits containing fluorescein labeled-polyvalent antisera to bacteroides fragilis, bacteroides distasonis, bacteroides ovatus, bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, bacteroides vulgatus (fluoretec-f) and to bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus and intermedius and to bacteroides asaccharolyticus (non-oral strains) (fluoretec-m) were evaluated for the identification of the respective organisms in bacterial cultures and clinical specimens. in both cases immunofluorescent tests were compared ... | 1982 | 6126973 |
| anaerobes: a new aetiology in cavitary pneumoconiosis. | the role of mycobacteria in the cavitation of large pneumoconiotic masses is well established. in other cases softness is attributed to an ischaemic or aseptic necrosis. five cases are described in which cavitation of the pulmonary masses was caused by anaerobic bacteria, confirmed by the growth of such bacterial in cultures after transtracheal or transpleural puncture. repeated cultures for mycobacteria gave negative results. two cases were acute, having serious complications such as bronchople ... | 1982 | 6128024 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of moxalactam, an oxa-beta-lactam antibiotic. | moxalactam, a new synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic, was evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity and was found to have a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. moxalactam showed more potent activity than did the cephalosporins tested against clinical gram-negative isolates, including cefazolin-resistant enterobacteriaceae, glucose-nonfermenting bacteria, and bacteroides fragilis. moxalactam was the only beta-lactam antibiotic of those tested ... | 1982 | 6218559 |
| in vitro activity of moxalactam against anaerobic bacteria. | moxalactam was tested against 80 isolates of anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens. the results of this study and a review of other studies, in which comparable susceptibility testing methods were used, demonstrated the susceptibility to moxalactam of members of the bacteroides fragilis group, bacteroides melaninogenicus, fusobacterium species, anaerobic gram-positive cocci, and clostridium perfringens. | 1982 | 6218560 |
| moxalactam in serious infections: clinical, bacteriologic, and pharmacokinetic studies. | moxalactam was evaluated in vitro against 600 nosocomial isolates of gram-negative bacteria and was compared with cephalothin, cefoxitin, and cefotaxime. moxalactam was superior to the other compounds, with minimal inhibitory concentrations of less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml for 95% of the enterobacteriaceae isolates and less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml for 85% of the bacteroides fragilis isolates; 70% of the pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were inhibited with less than or equal to 16 ... | 1982 | 6218576 |
| efficacy of moxalactam in an animal model of subcutaneous abscesses: penetration into infected sites and in vivo activity against bacteroides fragilis. | moxalactam was compared with alternative antimicrobial agents for in vivo activity against bacteroides fragilis. mice were challenged with one of 15 strains and evaluated by quantitative bacteriologic analysis of abscess contents after five days of treatment. optimal results were achieved with clindamycin, moxalactam, and cefoxitin. the mean decrease in bacteria with these three drugs was significantly greater than with chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, carbenicillin, cephalothin, ampicillin, and cef ... | 1982 | 6218580 |
| fallibility of intra-operative gram stain in the diagnosis of vascular infection. | three cases of arterial-graft infection are presented. in all cases the gram stain obtained at surgery demonstrated white blood cells but no bacteria. cultures obtained at operation subsequently grew pseudomonas aeruginosa in two patients and bacteroides fragilis in one patient. failure to recognize the fallibility of the gram stain in the diagnosis of vascular infection may result in incorrect management decisions. | 1982 | 6181720 |
| immunochemical studies of lipopolysaccharide and partially degraded lipopolysaccharide from bacteroides fragilis ipl e323. | a serologically heterogeneous lipopolysaccharide (lps) was prepared from b. fragilis ipl e323 by phenol-water extraction and purification by ultracentrifugation. the lps was split by hydrolysis with 1 per cent acetic acid into an acid-soluble polysaccharide and insoluble material. gel filtration of the acid-soluble material on bio-gel p-60 gave a high-molecular-weight fraction eluted with the void volume (vo), which was serologically heterogeneous, and low-molecular-weight materials eluted at 2. ... | 1982 | 6182742 |
| an unusual case of cellulitis associated with bacteroides fragilis septicaemia. | 1982 | 6183324 | |
| capsular and 'o' serotype determinants of bacteroides fragilis. | forty-one strains of bacteroides fragilis, 20 strains of other bacteroides species and 14 strains of other genera were examined by the indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa) using anticapsular serum. the sixty-one bacteroides strains were 'o' serotyped by direct agglutination tests using absorbed antisera raised against 23 strains, each with a different 'o' antigenic determinant. all 41 b. fragilis strains tested were positive by ifa with the anticapsular serum, but apart from one strain of b. d ... | 1982 | 6185437 |
| an electron microscopic study of surface polysaccharides in bacteroides. | the electron microscopic appearance of the cell surface of bacteroides strains and klebsiella pneumoniae stained with ruthenium red or colloidal iron is described. the effect of polymyxin b (pmb) was also registered. it was found that all bacteroides strains have a polysaccharide lined 'micro-capsule' external to the outer membrane which could aggregate and form blebs. the blebs so formed were distinct from other types of bleb formed in klebsiella involving the outer membrane and induced by pmb. ... | 1982 | 6186892 |
| virulence factors in infections with bacteroides fragilis: isolation and characterization of capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide. | 1982 | 6188206 | |
| piperacillin sodium: antibacterial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and adverse reactions. | piperacillin sodium is a beta lactam antibiotic with a broad range of antibacterial activity that includes gram-negative bacilli, gram-positive cocci (except penicillinase-producing s. aureus) and anaerobic pathogens such as clostridium difficile, and bacteroides fragilis. piperacillin inhibits many of the members of the enterobacteriaceae, including klebsiella sp and pseudomonas, at lower concentrations than required for carbenicillin and ticarcillin. piperacillin sodium is administered by intr ... | 1982 | 6220262 |
| comparative review of two new wide-spectrum penicillins: mezlocillin and piperacillin. | the antimicrobial spectra, pharmacokinetics, tissue penetration, side effects, clinical trials and indications, dosage, and cost of mezlocillin (mezlin) and piperacillin (pipracil), two new semisynthetic beta-lactam penicillins, are reviewed. both mezlocillin and piperacillin are active against a wider range of bacteria than previously available penicillins, but their spectra are not identical. piperacillin is more active than mezlocillin against pseudomonas aeruginosa; their activities against ... | 1982 | 6224627 |
| in vitro utilization of mucin by bacteroides fragilis. | a method for isolating pig colon mucin in a soluble high-molecular-weight form, suitable for addition to bacterial growth media, is described. this preparation was utilized as a sole carbohydrate energy source by two strains of bacteroides fragilis. the extent of degradation was compared with that of commercial pig gastric mucin by the same strains. gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the mucin carbohydrates and gel chromatography of the preparations were carried out before and after in vitro ... | 1982 | 6174077 |
| cellular immunity to bacteroides fragilis capsular polysaccharide. | the polysaccharide capsule of bacteroides fragilis has been shown to be important in the virulence of the organism. the capsular polysaccharide (cp) of b. fragilis has been extensively purified. using a murine model of intraabdominal abscess formation, we have been able to demonstrate cellular immunity to the capsular polysaccharide of b. fragilis. immunization of c57bl/10j mice with the cp over 5 wk prevents abscess formation when the mice are challenged with b. fragilis intraperitoneally. this ... | 1982 | 6174672 |
| demonstration of heat-labile antigen(s) of bacteroides fragilis associated with non-homogeneous immunofluorescent staining. | rabbit hyperimmune sera against nine bacteroides fragilis strains were tested in indirect immunofluorescence against homologous and heterologous formalin and heat-treated bacterial cells. strain-specific heat-stable and heat-labile antigens were demonstrated as well as many cross-reactive ones. besides these findings a striking non-homogeneous fluorescence was noted, inasmuch as varying numbers of the bacterial cells were stained while others were not. results of absorption experiments indicated ... | 1982 | 6177189 |
| efficacy of a twelve-hourly ceftriaxone regimen in the treatment of serious bacterial infections. | eighteen patients with 21 serious infections were treated with ceftriaxone, 1 g intravenously every 12 h, for a mean duration of 8 days. eighteen gram-negative and two gram-positive organisms were isolated. sites of infection included blood (three patients), urinary tract (six patients), respiratory tract (seven patients), biliary tract (three patients), ascitic fluid (one patient), and skin (one patient). serum, bile, and ascitic fluid concentrations of ceftriaxone were in excess of the minimal ... | 1982 | 6289735 |
| hybridization studies reveal homologies between pbf4 and pbftm10, two clindamycin-erythromycin resistance transfer plasmids of bacteroides fragilis. | two clindamycin-erythromycin resistance transfer factors of bacteroides fragilis, pbf4 and pbftm10, were analyzed for regions of dna homology. although the plasmids were derived from different clinical isolates of b. fragilis and have different sizes, they showed homology in the clindamycin-erythromycin resistance region; no homology could be detected outside of this region. | 1982 | 6290460 |
| the in vitro responses of bacteroides fragilis to moxalactam, cefotaxime, cefmetazole, josamycin and erythromycin. | 1982 | 6290543 | |
| adaptation of an automated microbiology system for the growth of anaerobes and performance of antimicrobial susceptibility tests. | the authors examined the feasibility of growing anaerobes in an automated microbiology system (ms-2) and using the system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. a total of 78 of 100 clinical anaerobic isolates grew in the ms-2 if 100 microl of an undiluted overnight suspension of organisms was inoculated into at least 2.5 ml of freshly prepared wilkins-chalgren broth supplemented with 0.07% agar. susceptibility test results were determined with 50 anaerobes tested against seven antibiotics in ... | 1982 | 6291376 |
| ceftriaxone: in vitro activity against 410 bacterial isolates compared with cefotaxime. | the in vitro activity of the two new cephalosporins, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, against 410 bacterial isolates was compared using an agar dilution method. both compounds were highly active against enterobacteriaceae, including indole-positive proteus and providencia; the great majority of the isolates were inhibited by 0.06 mg/l of either drug. activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus was moderate, and enterococci were resistant. all streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococ ... | 1982 | 6293978 |
| cefotaxime: a review of in vitro antimicrobial properties and spectrum of activity. | cefotaxime has remarkable potency against all enterobacteriaceae, including enterobacter species, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, and morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, and providencia species--all of which are resistant to earlier cephalosporins. cefotaxime generally inhibits greater than 90% of enteric bacilli at concentrations of less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml; in one study it inhibited greater than 98% of isolates at less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml. for staphyloc ... | 1982 | 6294779 |
| antibacterial activity of desacetylcefotaxime alone and in combination with cefotaxime. | cefotaxime is metabolized to 3-desacetylcefotaxime. the antibacterial activity of desacetylcefotaxime is four- to eightfold less than that of cefotaxime. the activity of desacetylcefotaxime is species- and strain-specific. although desacetylcefotaxime is less active than cefotaxime, it is more active than cefazolin, cefamandole, or cefoxitin. desacetylcefotaxime does not inhibit many strains of morganella, most strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, some strains of serratia marcescens, some strains ... | 1982 | 6294786 |
| in-vitro activity of ceftizoxime against anaerobic bacteria and comparison with other cephalosporins. | 1982 | 6296028 | |
| 6-acetylmethylenepenicillanic acid (ro 15-1903), a potent beta-lactamase inhibitor. ii. antibacterial properties. | the beta-lactamase inhibitor ro 15-1903 showed low affinity for penicillin binding proteins (pbps) of escherichia coli. when used as a single compound, it displayed no substantial antibacterial activity but in combination with ampicillin, it was similar to clavulanic acid in conferring activity against ampicillin-resistant strains. some synergy between ro 15-1903 and piperacillin was found against high inocula of pseudomonas aeruginosa. ro 15-1903 markedly enhanced the activity of ceftriaxone ag ... | 1982 | 6298168 |
| [antibacterial effects of niridazole. ii. effects on aerobic and anaerobic bacteria]. | niridazole which is chemically related to metronidazole is endowed with much better antibacterial activity. first, several genera of aerobic bacteria, such as salmonella and escherichia, are susceptible to niridazole, whereas metronidazole is completely ineffective. there exist, however, some particular strains which are naturally resistant to niridazole. the in vitro activity of niridazole is still increased, if these facultative anaerobic bacteria are tested under anaerobic growth conditions. ... | 1982 | 6299027 |
| mechanism of antimicrobial resistance and resistance transfer in anaerobic bacteria. | the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of anaerobic bacteria has been changing over the past decade. this paper reviews the mechanisms by which these organisms have become resistant to selected antibiotics and reviews data demonstrating that bacteroides fragilis and clostridium perfringens possess systems for transferring resistance determinants. within bacteroides there is widespread resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins and tetracycline compounds while there have been reports of resistan ... | 1982 | 6300995 |
| the activity of five cephalosporins against bacteroides fragilis. | 1982 | 6279014 | |
| [basic and clinical studies on cefotiam in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. | it was known that antibacterial spectrum and activity of ctm were superior to those of other cephalosporins. basic and clinical studies in the field of obstetrics and gynecology on ctm were carried out. the results were summarized as follows. 1. bacteriologically, the mic of ctm against e. coli was less than 0.39 mcg/ml with an inoculum size of 10(6) cfu/ml. the 50% of bacteroides sp. were inhibited by ctm at a concentration of 25 mcg/ml or less. 2. ctm was more stable against beta-lactamase ext ... | 1982 | 6304363 |
| efficacy of ceftriaxone in serious bacterial infections. | ceftriaxone is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin with broad-spectrum in vitro activity and an unusually long serum half-life. the clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone was evaluated in 35 infections in 34 patients; 12 of these patients had skin and soft tissue infections, 10 had infections of the urinary tract, 8 had pneumonia, 2 had biliary tract infections, 1 had sinusitis, 1 had diverticulitis, and 1 had a retroperitoneal abscess. of the 35 infections, 9 were bacteremic. the bacteria isolated incl ... | 1982 | 6285809 |
| [comparative study of ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and moxalactam against 150 gram negative strains (author's transl)]. | the in vitro activity of ceftriaxone, a new cephalosporine derivative was compared with two other "third generation" cephalosporins, cefotaxime and moxalactam. 150 strains of gram negative bacilli were used in this study. ceftriaxone as cefotaxime and moxalactam were very active against most of the 104 multiresistant enterobacteriaceae. ceftriaxone was the most active against proteus providencia with a mean mic of 0.007 microgram/ml. cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were less active than moxalactam ag ... | 1982 | 6287385 |
| methane and hydrogen production by human intestinal anaerobic bacteria. | the gas above liquid cultures of a variety of human intestinal anaerobic bacteria was sampled and analysed by headspace gas chromatography. hydrogen production was greatest with strains of the genus clostridium, intermediate with anaerobic cocci and least with bacteroides sp. very few strains produced methane although small amounts were detected with one strain of b. thetaiotaomicron, c. perfringens and c. histolyticum. there may be a relationship between these anaerobic bacteria and several gas ... | 1982 | 6289602 |
| curing antibiotic resistance in bacteroides species by aminoacridines and ethidium bromide. | three clinical isolates of bacteroides fragilis and one faecal isolate of b. thetaiotaomicron resistant to one or more of the antibiotics chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline, were cured of their resistance markers by treatment with subinhibitory levels (16 micrograms/ml) of acriflavine, acridine orange and ethidium bromide. chloramphenicol, erythromycin and clindamycin resistance markers were cured en bloc after exposure to the agents for 24 hr but elimination to tetracyc ... | 1982 | 6289651 |
| the in vitro activity of moxalactam against 430 clinical, bacterial isolates. | the in vitro activity of the novel beta-lactam antibiotic moxalactam against 430 bacterial isolates was determined by an agar dilution method. moxalactam was highly active against enterobacteriaceae including indole-positive proteus and providencia, all isolates being susceptible to 1.0 microgram/ml or less. the drug was somewhat less active against gram-positive cocci and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterococci were highly resistant. all haemophilus influenzae isolates were inhibited by 0.06 mi ... | 1982 | 6211028 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of norfloxacin (mk-0366). | the in vitro activity of norfloxacin (mk-0366) compared with that of beta-lactam antibiotics and, where appropriate of gentamicin or metronidazole was assessed against recent clinical isolates of common bacteria. the compound was highly active against most enterobacteria (minimal inhibitory concentrations [mics], 0.008 to 32 micrograms/ml; 90% inhibited by 0.25 micrograms/ml), haemophilus influenzae (mics, 0.03 to 0.12 micrograms/ml), and neisseria gonorrhoeae (mics, 0.008 to 0.016 micrograms/ml ... | 1982 | 6211139 |
| obturator foramen grafts: the preferable alternate route? | although the femoral canal is the standard entrance route for vascular grafts to the lower extremity, several situations may arise that preclude the use of this route. in these circumstances an alternate pathway for revascularization is required. experience in our center with the use of obturator foramen grafts for revascularization of nine limbs in eight patients is reported and underscores the value of this pathway as an alternative route for limb revascularization. the obturator foramen was e ... | 1982 | 6462077 |
| antibiotic management of anaerobic infections. | 1982 | 6807815 | |
| [actual germ spectrum in wound surgery]. | under aerobic conditions staph. aureus was isolated in 40%, grampositive germs were as frequent as gramnegative bacteria. bacteroides fragilis was the predominant germ from material suspicious of an anaerobic infection. for its isolation the material should be sent as soon as possible to the laboratory to be investigated under anaerobic conditions. the author stresses the close cooperation between the clinician and the microbiologist to receive optimal diagnostic results as the basis of an effec ... | 1982 | 6812311 |
| a decisive period in cefoxitin prophylaxis of experimental synergistic wound infection produced by bacteroides fragilis and escherichia coli. | in an experimental model of synergistic infection produced by escherichia coli and bacteroides fragilis, a single injection of cefoxitin 1 h before inoculation of the bacteria was able to prevent both death and local wound infection (p less than 0.05). when cefoxitin was administered 1 h after the bacterial inoculum, death of the animals, but not the wound infection, was prevented (p greater than 0.1). cefazolin, active against the e. coli only, could prevent death, but had no significant effect ... | 1982 | 6749759 |
| interactions between micro-organisms and metronidazole. | 1982 | 6749789 | |
| cyclic changes in cervical microflora and their effect on infections following hysterectomy. | in a prospective study the cyclic changes in the cervical microflora and the endometrial histology were correlated with the incidence of postoperative infections in 99 women undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy. escherichia coli and bacteroides fragilis were isolated more frequently during the proliferative phase than during the secretory phase and, correspondingly, postoperative infections were more frequent when operated during the proliferative phase than during the secretory phase. mod ... | 1982 | 6751950 |
| comparison of a homemade blood culture broth containing a papain digest of liver, with four commercially available media for the isolation of anaerobes from simulated paediatric blood cultures. | the recovery of small inocula of fastidious organisms, mainly non-sporing anaerobes, was studied in simulated paediatric blood culture experiments where only 1.5 ml of blood was added to each broth. a 25 ml homemade queen elizabeth hospital medium (qeh medium) containing a papain digest of liver showed the best overall performance during the first four days of incubation; this medium was also satisfactory for maintenance of the majority of the organisms tested for longer than one week. lab m fas ... | 1982 | 6752208 |
| reciprocal antimicrobial synergism between escherichia coli and bacteroides fragilis in the presence of metronidazole. | we have studied the antimicrobial action of metronidazole against bacteroides fragilis and escherichia coli both in pure cultures and in combination. concentrations of metronidazole above the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) produced a marked bactericidal effect on b fragilis at six hours. e coli however showed only a slight and transitory decrease in population when exposed to concentrations of metronidazole close to its mic. kinetic studies of this drug's effect on mixed cultures of both ... | 1982 | 6752209 |
| an experimental model of intraabdominal abscess in the rat. | suitable small animal models of intraabdominal abscess are not available. we have developed a reliable model of intraabdominal abscess in the rat by fasting the animal overnight, devascularizing and ligating the cecum, and injecting 2.5 x 10(8) escherichia coli and 2.5 x 10(9) bacteroides fragilis into the ligated cecum. this model results in 39% coli acute mortalities within 48 hours from acute peritonitis, and abscess in 76% of survivals. subsequent abscesses are 1.0--1.5 ml in volume and cont ... | 1982 | 6753539 |
| elective colon surgery: clindamycin versus metronidazole prophylaxis. | orally administered clindamycin-neomycin as a prophylactic antibiotic in patients scheduled to undergo colon surgery was compared to orally administered metronidazole-neomycin. clindamycin levels of the colon contents and the mucosa were 8 to 10 times higher than the serum levels. three of the 43 patients who received metronidazole had wound infection whereas none of the 38 patients who received clindamycin did. clindamycin may help to prevent staphylococcal infection, a known problem associated ... | 1982 | 6754047 |
| [timed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of cefmetazole against selected gram-negative bacteria]. | antibacterial activities of cefmetazole, a new preparation of cephamycin antibiotic, were determined against selected clinical strains of escherichia coli (27 strains), klebsiella sp. (27 strains) and bacteroides fragilis (27 strains). activities were evaluated at bacteriostatic and also bactericidal levels with particular reference to time of exposure of microbes to the drug. the minimal drug concentrations producing minimal reduction of colony-forming units at time intervals of 3, 6 and 24 hou ... | 1982 | 6754988 |
| isolation of anaerobic organisms from kidney in serious renal infections. | we have studied 45 patients who underwent nephrectomy owing to unilateral renal sepsis for anaerobic and aerobic bacterial growth in the urine and kidney. anaerobic organisms were recovered from 11 patients: 10 had positive kidney cultures, and only 1 had positive kidney and urine cultures. there was a distinct relationship between anaerobic infection of the kidney and urinary tract obstruction; 44 per cent of the obstructed kidneys yielded anaerobic organisms versus only 11 per cent of the unob ... | 1982 | 6755857 |
| velvet pad surface sampling of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria: an in vitro laboratory model. | velvet pads have been evaluated in an experimental, laboratory model, simulating intraoperative sampling of staphylococcus epidermis, escherichia coli and bacteroides fragilis. after sampling, the pad was placed in a transport medium and kept in an anaerobic atmosphere, before being shaken and rinsed, followed by anaerobic and aerobic culture. this technique permitted quantitatively high recoveries of the test bacteria. velvet pad sampling could be a measure to determine the density of aerobic a ... | 1982 | 6757273 |
| [in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of cefmetazole against bacteroides fragilis]. | cefmetazole was investigated on stability to beta-lactamases produced by bacteroides fragilis and on therapeutic effects in mice infected with b. fragilis. 1. cefmetazole, like other cephamycins, was found extremely stable to beta-lactamases obtained from b. fragilis. 2. cefmetazole showed good antimicrobial activities to 50 strains of b. fragilis and extremely high stability to their beta-lactamases. 3. cefmetazole showed an excellent protecting effect to infections due to beta-lactamase produc ... | 1982 | 6757469 |
| formation of ursodeoxycholic acid from chenodeoxycholic acid by a 7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-elaborating eubacterium aerofaciens strain cocultured with 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-elaborating organisms. | a gram-positive, anaerobic, chain-forming, rod-shaped anaerobe (isolate g20-7) was isolated from normal human feces. this organism was identified by cellular morphology as well as fermentative and biochemical data as eubacterium aerofaciens. when isolate g20-7 was grown in the presence of bacteroides fragilis or escherichia coli (or another 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase producer) and chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid produced. time course curves revealed that 3 alpha-hydroxy-7-k ... | 1982 | 6758698 |
| a simple bile-disk method for the identification of bacteroides fragilis. | a simple method for the separation and identification of bacteroides fragilis from other bacteroides species through the use of oxgall-impregnated filter paper disks is described. as in the antibiotic sensitivity test, filter paper disks containing defined amounts of bile salt were placed on a lawn of bacterial cells on gifu anaerobic medium agar plates. bile-resistant bacteria were identified as strains of bacteroides fragilis after incubation in anaerobic jars containing hydrogen and carbon di ... | 1982 | 6759880 |
| ornidazole versus clindamycin: comparative evaluation in the treatment of 140 serious anaerobic infections. | a randomised prospective clinico-laboratory evaluation of the efficacy of ornidazole versus clindamycin in anaerobic infections was performed in 140 patients; 67 were given ornidazole and 73 received clindamycin. patients were mainly suffering from peritonitis, pelvic cellulitis, endometritis, soft tissue infections and abdominal abscesses, which were distributed rather equally in both groups. ornidazole was administered at a dose of 500 mg every 12 h i.v. or/and orally, and clindamycin 600 mg e ... | 1982 | 6761082 |
| in vitro stimulation of bacteroides fragilis growth by escherichia coli. | the interaction between bacteroides fragilis and escherichia coli was investigated by following their growth kinetics in an in vitro mixed culture system. in bacto-peptone or in a semisynthetic medium (ssm-m) bacteroides fragilis could initiate growth only when a small number of viable escherichia coli initially coexisted for a short period of time. both bacto-peptone and ssm-m previously spent by escherichia coli also allowed bacteroides fragilis growth to occur but the supplementation of heat ... | 1982 | 6761111 |
| aspects on antibacterial treatment of anaerobic infections. | a review is given of current antibiotic treatment of anaerobic infections. it is emphasized that infections with bacteroides fragilis constitute the main problem, virtually all other anaerobe organisms of clinical significance are sensitive to penicillin. particularly useful antibiotics for infections with b. fragilis are cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin and the nitroimidazoles. vancomycin is the drug of choice for pseudomembranous colitis provoked by clostridium difficile. | 1982 | 6762654 |
| augmentin: laboratory studies. | clavulanic acid is a beta-lactam antibiotic which, although it has little intrinsic activity, is a potent inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamases. when combined with amoxycillin its range of activity includes penicillinase-producing strains of staphylococcus aureus and many of the beta-lactamase-producing strains of gram-negative bacilli. bacteria sensitive to augmentin include amoxycillin-resistant strains of haemophilus influenzae and escherichia coli, in addition strains of klebsiella aerogene ... | 1982 | 6762661 |
| effect of linolenyl alcohol on the in-vitro growth of the oral bacterium streptococcus mutans. | the effect of primary aliphatic alcohols of varying chain length and degree of unsaturation on bacterial growth was assessed, using strep. mutans bht as the main test organism. unsaturated alcohols, linoleyl and linolenyl, effectively inhibited bacterial growth. of the saturated alcohols, only lauryl and myristyl alcohols inhibited the growth of strep. mutans bht, but at concentrations much higher than those required for the unsaturated alcohols. all gram-positive organisms tested were sensitive ... | 1982 | 6763859 |
| chloramphenicol: recent developments and clinical indications. | recent developments (including more accurate assays) that have led to revised recommendations for route of administration, dosage, and indications for chloramphenicol are reviewed. chloramphenicol is most bioavailable by the oral route; doses of 75 mg/kg/day provide adequate therapeutic concentrations for most clinical indications. serum concentrations of the drug should be monitored to ensure adequate therapeutic concentrations and to avoid toxicity. this is particularly important in newborns, ... | 1982 | 6764390 |
| medium for selective isolation and presumptive identification of the bacteroides fragilis group. | we developed and evaluated a new medium (frag agar) for the selective isolation and presumptive identification of the bacteroides fragilis group. this medium contains 1% d-glucuronic acid as a fermentable carbon source, a reduced peptone content, gentamicin, and 20% bile. presumptive identification of the b. fragilis group was based on growth, fermentation, and typical colony morphology. a total of 75 stock culture isolates of the b. fragilis group grew well on this medium, and 69 showed evidenc ... | 1982 | 6764765 |
| inhibitors of neisseria gonorrhoeae produced in liquid medium by bacteroides fragilis and eubacterium limosum. | indigenous micro-organisms of the urogenital flora including anaerobes can inhibit the in vitro growth of neisseria gonorrhoeae. bacteroides fragilis and eubacterium limosum strains known to inhibit the gonococcal growth on solid medium have been shown to produce their antigonococcal activities in liquid medium. concentrations of individual short-chain fatty acids produced by e. limosum strains were lower than the inhibitory concentrations reported for n. gonorrhoeae. b. fragilis strains produce ... | 1982 | 6815429 |
| life threatening complications from a lower wisdom tooth. | the case history of a 25-year-old student who developed a number of very serious complications after a simple extraction of a lower wisdom tooth is presented. a submandibular abscess was followed by septic shock with severe thrombocytopenia and transient renal insufficiency, adult respiratory distress syndrome, pneumothorax and pericarditis. from the blood, alpha-hemolytic streptococci were cultured, while cultures from the abscess grew bacteroides fragilis. with intensive treatment, including a ... | 1982 | 6818170 |
| bacteremia in diabetic patients with infected lower extremities. | eleven cases of bacteremia in diabetic patients with infected lower extremities at rancho los amigos hospital (rlah) were observed over a 34-mo period. the yearly incidence was 0.6% of admissions to the ortho-diabetes service. aerobic bacteria were recovered in six cases and anaerobic bacteria in five. bacteroides fragilis was isolated four times, staphylococcus aureus three times, and nonfragilis bacteroides sp., escherichia coli, group b streptococcus, and viridans streptococcus were each seen ... | 1982 | 6927718 |
| uv light induction of proteins in bacteroides fragilis under anaerobic conditions. | far-uv irradiation of bacteroides fragilis cells under anaerobic conditions resulted in the induction of a new 95,000-molecular-weight protein and the increased synthesis of two proteins with molecular weights of 90,000 and 70,000. the latter two proteins were synthesized in small amounts in unirradiated cells. the induction of a 37,000- to 40,000-molecular-weight protein was not observed in irradiated b. fragilis cells. caffeine, which affected the survival of irradiated b. fragilis cells and r ... | 1982 | 6896325 |
| in vitro activity of bu-2313b against anaerobic bacteria. | the antimicrobial efficacy of bu-2313b, a new antibiotic, was evaluated in comparison with clindamycin, chloramphenicol and cefoxitin against 265 clinical anaerobic isolates. bu-2313b inhibited 88% of 66 isolates of bacteroides fragilis tested at 2 micrograms/ml, whereas clindamycin, chloramphenicol and cefoxitin inhibited 98, 97 and 92% of them at 2, 8 and 16 micrograms/ml, respectively. bu-2313b was severalfold more effective than chloramphenicol and cefoxitin, but it was eight times less effe ... | 1982 | 6920296 |
| recent experience with antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria: increasing resistance to penicillin. | results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of anaerobes were reviewed for the last 5 years and compared with two previous surveys from this institution. allowing for differences in methodology, there appears to be a striking increase in penicillin resistance by the "non-fragilis" bacteroides. penicillin concentrations of 50 microgram/ml were required to inhibit 70% of 43 strains tested. the clinical implications of this observation are not known, but isolated reports of therapeutic failure ... | 1982 | 6923982 |
| in vitro activity of pipecolic acid amide of clindamycin (u-57930e) on anaerobic bacteria compared with those of clindamycin, cefoxitin, and chloramphenicol. | in vitro activity of pipecolic acid amide of clindamycin (u-57930e) against 265 isolates of anaerobic bacteria, including 66 strains of bacteroides fragilis, was compared with those of clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and cefoxitin. at therapeutically achievable concentrations, the activities of all four antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria were similar. | 1982 | 6927289 |
| n-formimidoyl thienamycin (mk0787): in vitro activity against anaerobic bacteria. | the in vitro activity of n-formimidoyl thienamycin (mk0787) was tested against 239 anaerobic bacteria clinical isolates: 70 of bacteroides fragilis, 18 of b. distasonis, 16 of b. thetaiotaomicron, 10 of b. vulgatus, 24 of bacteroides spp., 22 of b. melaninogenicus (all three subspecies), 26 of fusobacterium spp., 10 of peptococcus spp., 15 of peptostreptococcus spp., 15 of clostridium perfringens, and 13 of clostridium spp. ninety-five percent of the isolates were inhibited by less than or equal ... | 1982 | 6952818 |
| infection with bacteroides fragilis: pathogenesis and immunoprophylaxis in an animal model. | organisms of the genus bacterioides represent the major group of obligate anaerobes involved in human infections. bacteroides usually cause either bacteremia or localized abscesses. of the numerous species of bacteroides, bacteroides fragilis is the single most frequent clinical isolate. b. fragilis and bacteroides melaninogenicus have chemically incomplete lipopolysaccharides as compared with the lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) of aerobic bacteria, and the lipopolysaccharides of bacteroides la ... | 1982 | 6954635 |
| interactions between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. | many human infections are caused by a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, acting in a synergistic manner. in an animal model of intraabdominal sepsis, the coliforms were responsible for acute peritonitis, septicemia, and shock, while the anaerobes, particularly bacteroides fragilis, caused the late complications of abscess formation. clinical trials of antimicrobial agents in patients with mixed infections have affirmed the importance of the two microbial components. effective drug regime ... | 1982 | 6954639 |
| anaerobic bacteria in septicaemia and endocarditis. | anaerobic septicaemia is often a complication of preexisting anaerobic sepsis which is commonly a complication of surgical interference. the predominant anaerobic bacterial isolate in septicaemia if bacteroides fragilis. anaerobic cocci and clostridia are not infrequently found as causes of septicaemia. the incidence of polymicrobial septicaemia varies in the different reports. the clinical features of septicaemia due to anaerobic gram-negative rods vary little from those due to facultative anae ... | 1982 | 6954640 |
| in vitro activity of cefotetan, a new cephamycin derivative, compared with that of other beta-lactam compounds. | the in vitro activity of cefotetan, a new cephamycin, was compared with the activities of cefoxitin, cefuroxime, moxalactam, ceftazidime, and piperacillin against 273 recent clinical isolates. the minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefotetan for 90% of enterobacteriaceae, haemophilus influenzae, and neisseria gonorrhoeae were between 0.12 and 2 micrograms/ml; for 90% of staphylococcus aureus, the minimum inhibitory concentration was 8 micrograms/ml, and for 90% of bacteroides fragilis, pseudom ... | 1982 | 6954875 |
| in vitro and in vivo activity of dl-8280, a new oxazine derivative. | dl-8280, 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7h- pyrido-(1,2,3-de)1,4-benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid, is a new nalidixic acid analog with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, including obligate anaerobes. the activity of dl-8280 against enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, haemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and clostridium perfringens was roughly comparable to that of norfloxacin and far exceede ... | 1982 | 6960805 |
| evidence for t cell-dependent immunity to bacteroides fragilis in an intraabdominal abscess model. | it has been shown that active immunization of rats with the capsular polysaccharide of bacteroides fragilis protects these animals against abscess development following intraperitoneal challenge with this species. passive transfer of hyperimmune globulin from immunized animals to nonimmune recipients provided protection against b. fragilis bacteremia in challenged animals, but did not confer protection against abscess development. on the other hand, adoptive transfer of spleen cells from immuniz ... | 1982 | 6976357 |
| the contribution of beta-lactamases to beta-lactam resistance in bacteroides fragilis. | 1982 | 6977524 | |
| the beta-lactamases of bacteroides fragilis. | 1982 | 6977525 | |
| the history and background of augmentin. | bacterial resistance to the beta-lactam group of antibiotics is frequently due to the production of beta-lactamase which brings about the inactivation of the antibiotic. clavulanic acid is a naturally occurring inhibitor of beta-lactamase which is capable of rendering penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant organisms sensitive. the compound is obtained by fermentation from streptomyces clavuligerus. clavulanic acid shows some structural similarity to the penicillins and cephalosporins and functi ... | 1982 | 6979804 |
| lipopolysaccharides from bacteroides fragilis are mitogenic for spleen cells from endotoxin responder and nonresponder mice. | the lipopolysaccharides (lps) from bacteroides fragilis are structurally atypical and give weak responses in most tests of endotoxic activity, but the mitogenic activity of lps from b. fragilis has not been tested. we prepared lps from b. fragilis 23745 by three methods and compared their mitogenic activity for murine spleen cells with that of lps from escherichia coli k235 prepared by similar techniques. lps extracted from b. fragilis with hot phenol-water, with butanol-water, or by detergent s ... | 1982 | 6980191 |
| in vitro activity of apalcillin compared with that of other new penicillins and anti-pseudomonas cephalosporins. | apalcillin, a naphthydridine derivative of ampicillin, was compared with ticarcillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone against gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial isolates and with cefsulodin and tobramycin against pseudomonas aeruginosa. the minimal concentrations of apalcillin at which 50 and 90% of hospital isolates of escherichia coli were inhibited were similar to those of mezlocillin and piperacillin (1.6 and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively). apalci ... | 1982 | 6981375 |