Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
isolation and characterization of catalytic and calmodulin-binding domains of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase.a truncated bordetella pertussis cya gene product was expressed in escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography on calmodulin-agarose. trypsin cleavage of the 432-residue recombinant protein (mr = 46,659) generated two fragments of 28 kda and 19 kda. these fragments, each containing a single trp residue, were purified and analyzed for their catalytic and calmodulin-binding properties. the 28-kda peptide, corresponding to the n-terminal domain of the recombinant adenylate cyclase, exh ...19912007407
identification of bordetella pertussis regulatory sequences required for transcriptional activation of the fhab gene and autoregulation of the bvgas operon.transcription of numerous virulence genes in bordetella pertussis is positively regulated by the products of the bvgas genes. in this study a series of laczya fusions containing deletions in either the fhab or bvga promoter regions was used to identify cis-acting regulatory regions required for bvg activation of these two genes. gel retardation and dnase i protection analyses have shown that specific protein-dna interactions occur at these regulatory regions and that these interactions require t ...19912007557
structural and functional analysis of the s1 subunit of pertussis toxin using synthetic peptides.pertussis toxin (pt) is a major virulence factor of bordetella pertussis, and also an important protective antigen. pt is an oligomeric a-b type toxin in which the s1 subunit has the adp-ribosyltransferase activity whereas the b-oligomer mediates its binding to target cell receptors. to analyze the immunological properties of s1 and to generate probes to localize and characterize s1 functional domains, we synthesized four sets of peptides and peptide analogs corresponding to potentially critical ...19912017195
[whooping cough in adults].within a period of four years the diagnosis of pertussis was made in 169 adults (105 women, 64 men; mean age 35.8 [18-79] years). based on symptoms, specific antibodies and bacteriological examination of nasopharyngeal swabs (in 53). the findings were compared with those obtained in a control group of 2,771 children (1,381 females, 1,390 males; mean age 4.3 years). in the adult the dominant symptom was persisting cough, at times convulsive, while the other symptoms, characteristic in children, o ...19912019239
evaluation of serology and nasopharyngeal cultures for diagnosis of pertussis in a vaccine efficacy trial.nasopharyngeal cultures and titer rises in paired sera were evaluated in a placebo-controlled pertussis vaccine efficacy trial. igg elisa for filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) identified 30 (88%) of 34 placebo recipients and 33 (89%) of 37 vaccine recipients with culture-verified bordetella pertussis infections, whereas igg elisa for pertussis toxin (pt) showed higher diagnostic sensitivity in the placebo group than in the vaccine groups. the cho cell assay did not improve sensitivity. children wi ...19912019753
integrin-mediated localization of bordetella pertussis within macrophages: role in pulmonary colonization.the adherence of bordetella pertussis to human respiratory cilia is critical to the pathogenesis of whooping cough but the significance of bacterial attachment to macrophages has not been determined. adherence to cilia and macrophages is mediated by two large, nonfimbrial bacterial proteins, filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), and pertussis toxin (pt). pt and fha both recognize carbohydrates on cilia and macrophages; fha also contains an arg-gly-asp (rgd) sequence which promotes bacterial associati ...19912022924
an outbreak of whooping cough in a highly vaccinated urban community.in 1950 a whole-cell pertussis vaccine was introduced in cape town and was followed by a marked decline in reported whooping cough mortality and morbidity. this resulted in reduced awareness of whooping cough as a clinical problem and, in recent years, no routine diagnostic tests for bordetella pertussis have been performed. an outbreak of whooping cough occurred in cape town between 1 june 1988, and 31 may 1989, with 292 children admitted to hospital for whooping cough during this period (hospi ...19912027168
interaction of the bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin with heparin.heparin, a glycosaminoglycan synthesized in connective tissue-mast cells, appeared to inhibit the hemagglutination of rabbit erythrocytes induced by the filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), a major adhesin of bordetella pertussis. this inhibition suggested an interaction of heparin with the fha region responsible for the hemagglutination activity. fha-heparin interactions may play a role in bacterial attachment and persistence in the lungs during human pertussis. to confirm a direct fha-heparin inte ...19912032624
experimental autoallergic sialadenitis in the lew rat. i. parameters of disease induction.experimental autoallergic sialadenitis (eas) is an autoimmune mononuclear cell infiltration of the submandibular salivary gland that results in tissue destruction and glandular dysfunction. a previous report has described an animal model of induced eas in lew rats following sensitization with allogeneic wf submandibular gland (smg). the present study extends this observation to an eas disease model induced following sensitization of lew rats with syngeneic lew smg. furthermore, we describe the c ...19912036674
acquisition of iron from transferrin by bordetella pertussis.it has been demonstrated that under iron-restricted conditions bordetella pertussis can take up iron from human transferrin within 30 min of exposure. b. pertussis utilizes two mechanisms for acquiring iron from human transferrin, a direct contact method and a siderophore mediated system. both systems are shown to result in bacterial internalization of iron from transferrin. however, direct contact between b. pertussis and transferrin provides far more effective iron uptake than siderophore acti ...19912037235
activity of temafloxacin against respiratory pathogens.the activity of the quinolone temafloxacin against respiratory pathogens was compared with those of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. mics for 90% of strains tested indicated that temafloxacin was at least two- to fourfold more potent than the other two quinolones against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, and legionella pneumophila. temafloxacin had potency equal to that of ciprofloxacin and was twofold more active than ofloxacin against streptococcus pyogenes. moraxella catarrhalis, a ...19912039192
serotype variation in bordetella pertussis is governed by cis-acting elements.bordetella pertussis contains two genes encoding the serospecific fimbrial subunit proteins 2 and 3 which are assembled into completed fimbriae, which elicit the formation of agglutinating antibodies. expression of these agglutinogens can vary independently of each other. a gene library from a b. pertussis strain (fimbrial serotype 0.3) was probed with an oligonucleotide probe specific for fimbrial subunit genes. three homologous genetic loci were identified; an active fim 3 gene, an inactive fi ...19912040439
p.70 pertactin, an outer-membrane protein from bordetella parapertussis: cloning, nucleotide sequence and surface expression in escherichia coli.the gene prn encoding the outer-membrane protein p.70 (pertactin) from bordetella parapertussis has been cloned in escherichia coli and its dna sequence determined. analysis of the dna sequence reveals that the gene has an open reading frame comprising 922 amino acids capable of encoding a protein with a molecular weight of 95,177 (p.95). in vivo processing of this precursor yields a protein with an estimated mr of 70 kda (p.70) which is located on the surface of b. parapertussis. homology betwe ...19912041476
high level heterologous expression in e. coli using mutant forms of the lac promoter.single base deletions in the lac promoter which reduced the 18bp spacing between the -35 and -10 homology regions to 17bp, increased the strength of the promoter. a single base substitution (t----g) in the -35 region to generate the consensus sequence ttg-aca increased the strength further and no longer required a 17bp spacing. the mutated lac promoter was as powerful as a shorter form of the tac promoter which lacked two at-rich regions upstream of the -35 region, and expressed the p69 surface ...19912041779
comparison of cyclodextrin solid medium containing blood with bordet-gengou medium for growth of bordetella pertussis phase i organisms. 19912042395
the morphologic and immunophenotypic assessment of the lymphocytosis accompanying bordetella pertussis infection.bordetella pertussis (bp) infection in infants and young children can be associated with a significant increase in small lymphocytes with convoluted and cleaved nuclei (slccn) in the peripheral blood (pb). buffy coat smears were studied that were prepared from the pb of 11 children with documented bp infection, whose ages ranged from one month to four years. the white blood cell count ranged from 8.4 to 72.9 x 10(9)/l, with a mean of 28.6 x 10(9)/l. in all cases, the percentage of pb lymphocytes ...19912042590
a sensitive method for measuring neutralizing antibodies to bordetella pertussis toxin: optimized adp-ribosylation of transducin.pertussis toxin (pt), preactivated with 20 mm dithiothreitol (dtt), was incubated with different serum dilutions (1/10-1/200) before addition to the reaction mixture. final concentrations of the reagents were: pt (50 ng/ml), dithiothreitol (dtt)(less than or equal to 0.3 mm), bovine transducin (2 micrograms/ml), atp (1 mm). gtp (1 mm), lysophosphatidylcholine (ltc) (0.1 mg/ml), sodium acetate (naac) (0.1 m), tris-hcl, ph 7.1 (0.06 m) and 32p-nad+ (10 microci 28 ci/mm). the reaction was stopped b ...19912049177
functional consequences of single amino acid substitutions in calmodulin-activated adenylate cyclase of bordetella pertussis.calmodulin-activated adenylate cyclase of bordetella pertussis and bacillus anthracis are two cognate bacterial toxins. three short regions of 13-24 amino acid residues in these proteins exhibit between 66 and 80% identity. site-directed mutagenesis of four residues in b. pertussis adenylate cyclase situated in the second (asp188, asp190) and third (his298, glu301) segments of identity were accompanied by important decrease, or total loss, of enzyme activity. the calmodulin-binding properties of ...19912050107
a 23-kilodalton protein, distinct from bvga, expressed by virulent bordetella pertussis binds to the promoter region of vir-regulated toxin genes.bordetella pertussis coordinately regulates expression of its virulence factors in response to changing environmental conditions. these factors include pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, and the filamentous hemagglutinin (fha). the vir (or bvg) locus has been shown genetically to be required for this coordinate regulation. we have attempted to study the biochemical basis for coordinate regulation. dna promoter deletion studies from other laboratories have shown that two tandem 20-bp repea ...19912050404
participation of lipid peroxidation in rat pertussis vaccine pleurisy. iii. thiobarbituric acid (tba) reactant and lysosomal enzyme.activity of lysosomal enzymes, such as n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (nag), was assayed in exudate on a rat model of bordetella pertussis vaccine pleurisy. thiobarbituric acid (tba)-reactive substances (tba.r) and superoxide dismutase (sod) activity were then monitored in the exudate on the acute phase response in this inflammatory model. retention of the exudate in the pleural space increased rapidly after the challenge, and the exudate volume at 24 h reached about three times the volume at 6 ...19912054877
biologic and protective properties of the 69-kda outer membrane protein of bordetella pertussis: a novel formulation for an acellular pertussis vaccine.a combination of the 69-kda outer membrane protein and filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), both isolated from lymphocytosis promoting factor (lpf; pertussis toxin) minus mutants of bordetella pertussis, is protective in the mouse intracerebral challenge potency (kendrick) test. a combination of the same 69-kda protein and lpf is approximately 15 times less effective. these data suggest that, surprisingly, the 69-kda protein in tandem with fha is the most relevant combination for mouse protection; c ...19912056199
high level heterologous expression in e. coli using the anaerobically-activated nirb promoter.the anaerobically-regulated nirb promoter was used to express heterologous genes in escherichia coli. under anaerobic conditions the promoter was able to express tetanus toxin fragment c at approximately 20% total cell protein (tcp) and the bordetella pertussis antigen pertactin at greater than 30% tcp. these levels are comparable to those obtained for the same products using the tac promoter. the nirb promoter is very well regulated, giving almost two orders of magnitude increase in fragment c ...19912057350
variability in lps composition, antigenicity and reactogenicity of phase variants of bordetella pertussis.comparison of lipopolysaccharides (lps) from phase variants of different strains of bordetella phase variants of different strains of bordetella pertussis has shown a difference in their composition, antigenicity and reactogenicity. phase i variants of b. pertussis, with the exception of strain 134, contain a preponderance of lps i whereas the major component of lps of phase iv variants is lps ii. sera raised to lpss of phase i strains, other than 134, cross-react with each other but not with ph ...19912060761
activation of escherichia coli prohaemolysin to the mature toxin by acyl carrier protein-dependent fatty acylation.haemolysin secreted by pathogenic escherichia coli binds to mammalian cell membranes, disrupting cellular activities and lysing cells by pore-formation. it is synthesized as nontoxic prohaemolysin (prohlya), which is activated intracellularly by a mechanism dependent on the cosynthesized hlyc. haemolysin is one of a family of membrane-targeted toxins, including the leukotoxins of pasteurella and actinobacillus and the bifunctional adenylate cyclase haemolysin of bordetella pertussis, which requi ...19912062368
subcellular localization and immunological detection of proteins encoded by the vir locus of bordetella pertussis.the dna sequence of the central regulatory locus vir of bordetella pertussis predicts that three gene products, bvga, bvgb, and bvgc, are encoded. features of the predicted primary structures of these proteins and their homology to other two-component systems suggest that bvga is located in the cytoplasm, bvgb is located in the periplasm, and bvgc spans the inner membrane. we have used gene fusions to the phoa and lacz genes of escherichia coli to investigate the subcellular localization and mem ...19912066330
[simple and efficient method for clinical isolation of bordetella pertussis].commercially available amies transport medium with charcoal and three isolation media were tested to assess their efficiency in the clinical isolation of b. pertussis. first, the isolation rates of b. pertussis were compared between direct inoculation of nasopharyngeal specimens and inoculation after stored in amies transport medium for 8 hours or less. the comparative isolation rates were 81% both (35 of 43 specimens from 29 patients) for direct inoculation and transport medium. second, nasopha ...19912071951
[gelatin particle agglutination test for the anti filamentous hemagglutinin antibodies in bordetella pertussis]. 19912071955
modulation of bordetella pertussis infection with monoclonal antibodies to pertussis toxin.three monoclonal antibodies to pertussis toxin were characterized and used to investigate its role in immunity. antibody affinity correlated with toxin neutralization in in vivo and in vitro assays but was not the only determinant of protection against bordetella pertussis infection. b9, a high-affinity anti-s3 antibody, was the most effective in neutralizing toxin-induced cho cell clustering and hemagglutination in vitro and lymphocytosis and histamine sensitization in vivo. a4, a similar-affin ...19911703192
production of recombinant bordetella pertussis serotype 2 fimbriae in bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica: utility of escherichia coli gene expression signals.serotype-specific fimbriae of bordetella pertussis are considered potential components of new-generation vaccines against whooping cough. attempts to characterize fimbriae, and indeed other virulence determinants, produced by b. pertussis have been frustrated on one hand by low yields from b. pertussis itself and on the other by an inability to produce native recombinant products in escherichia coli. in order to try to circumvent this problem, we have examined the expression of b. pertussis sero ...19911708358
functional and molecular characterization of cck receptors in the rat pancreatic acinar cell line ar 4-2j.competitive inhibition binding studies on membranes from the rat pancreatic ar 4-2j cell line revealed the predominance (80%) of low selectivity cck receptors (kd of 1 nm and 4 nm for, respectively, cck-8 and gastrin-17i (g-17i] over selective receptors (20% with a kd of 1 nm and 1 microm for, respectively, cck-8 and g-17i). amylase secretion was stimulated by low concentrations of cck-8, g-17i and cck-4. g-17i-induced amylase secretion was unaffected by 100 nm of the selective peripheral cck-a ...19911709748
identification and characterization of a protective immunodominant b cell epitope of pertactin (p.69) from bordetella pertussis.epitopes defined by monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for the bordetella pertussis outer membrane protein p.69 (pertactin) were mapped using a series of amino- and carboxy-terminal deletion mutants expressed in escherichia coli. mab were found to bind predominantly to a region of pertactin spanning a (pro-gln-pro)5 repeat motif and one mab was found to bind to another region spanning a (gly-gly-xaa-xaa-pro)5 repeat motif. to localize further the mab-binding sites, a panel of synthetic peptide ...19911709865
cd69 in resting and activated t lymphocytes. its association with a gtp binding protein and biochemical requirements for its expression.cd69 is a phosphorylated disulfide-linked homodimer that appears on the surface of human t, b cells and thymocytes in the early steps of activation; its molecular mass is 28 to 34 kda under reducing conditions. this molecule is able to mediate positive signals to the lymphocytes as the anti-cd69 mab (mlr3, aim, leu 23) in synergism with phorbol esters induce il-2 production and proliferation of lymphocytes. here we show that this molecule is associated to a gtp binding protein that is a substrat ...19911710239
characterization and comparative bactericidal activity of monoclonal antibodies to bordetella pertussis lipo-oligosaccharide a.spleen cells from mice immunized with a bordetella pertussis n-lauroyl sarcosine membrane extract (sme) were used to generate hybridoma cells lines producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs). seven mabs were shown to be specific to b. pertussis lipo-oligosaccharide (los) by immunoblotting of sme or purified los following sds-page. all mabs reacted with the b. pertussis tohama i strain of the los ab phenotype, and did not react with the atypical variant strain 134 of the los b phenotype. the immune r ...19911713258
identification of subregions of bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin that stimulate human t-cell responses.filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), a 220-kda protein that mediates the adhesion of bordetella pertussis to eukaryotic cells, is a component of acellular vaccines against whooping cough. to identify the subregions of fha that are immunogenic for t cells, 16 human t-cell clones were raised against purified fha and tested for the recognition of recombinant and proteolytic fragments. the clones were found to map either in the carboxy-terminal or the amino-terminal part of the fha molecule, but none of ...19911715327
regulation of leukotriene b4 generation from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes after stimulation with formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine: effects of pertussis and cholera toxins.the effects of holotoxins and toxin subunits from bordetella pertussis and vibrio cholerae strains on intact and digitonin-permeabilized human polymorphonuclear neutrophils were studied. our data clearly demonstrate that formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fmlp)-induced generation of chemotactic active leukotriene b4 was inhibited by both holotoxins as well as by their isolated enzymatic a protomers. in contrast, the respective binding components (b oligomers) did not affect leukotriene forma ...19911652558
characterization of vir-activated tnphoa gene fusions in bordetella pertussis.the expression of many of the known virulence determinants of bordetella pertussis is coordinately regulated by the vir regulatory locus and reduced in response to environmental signals called modulators. we have previously identified eight tnphoa gene fusions in b. pertussis in which the expression of alkaline phosphatase was maximal in the absence of the modulators nicotinic acid and mgso4. we have termed the genes identified by these fusions vir-activated genes. here we report the characteriz ...19911652562
sodium fluoride induces phosphoinositide hydrolysis, ca2+ mobilization, and prostacyclin synthesis in cultured human endothelium: further evidence for regulation by a pertussis toxin-insensitive guanine nucleotide-binding protein.the role of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins in the induction of prostacyclin synthesis by stimulated endothelial cells is incompletely understood. we report that sodium fluoride (naf), a potent activator of cellular guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, affected time- and concentration-dependent generation of prostacyclin (pgi2) by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells without evidence of cellular toxicity detected by 51cr or lactate dehydrogenase release. pgi2 synthesis by naf-stim ...19911654060
a guanine nucleotide-binding protein mediates 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin d-3-dependent rapid stimulation of ca2+ uptake in skeletal muscle.1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d-3 (1,25(oh)2d3) has been shown to increase ca2+ uptake readily in skeletal muscle through a dihydropyridine-sensitive pathway, camp levels and adenylate cyclase activity. in the present study, fluoride (f-), a potent guanine nucleotide binding protein (g protein) stimulator, rapidly increases vitamin d-deficient skeletal muscle ca2+ uptake in a dose-dependent manner and with a similar time-course as 1,25(oh)2d3. the increment is detected within 1 min (15%) and steadily in ...19911654121
purification and immunological characterization of hplc-purified pertussis toxin subunits.pertussis toxin (pt), an oligomeric exotoxin of bordetella pertussis containing five dissimilar subunits, is considered to be an essential immunogen in acellular and component pertussis vaccines against whooping cough. a rapid single-step procedure for isolating pt subunits was developed using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. recoveries of individual subunits were 75% (s1), 70% (s2), greater than 90% (s3), greater than 90% (s4), and 50% (s5), as judged by sds-page and amino ...19911654940
treatment with pertussis toxin does not prevent central effects of eel calcitonin.to determine whether or not the cns inhibitory activity of eel calcitonin (ect) on adenylyl cyclase is the endocellular mechanism underlying the antinociceptive effect of the peptide, as shown for morphine analgesia, we administered bordetella pertussis toxin (ptx) by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection (0.5 microgram/rat) to block the receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. in ptx-treated rats there was no change in ect (2.5 micrograms/rat, icv)-induced antinociceptive activity (h ...19911656402
cloning and sequencing of the structural gene for the porin protein of bordetella pertussis.bordetella pertussis produces a porin protein which is a prominent outer membrane component found in both virulent and avirulent strains. n-terminal amino acid analysis of purified b. pertussis porin was performed and this amino acid sequence was used to design an oligonucleotide that was then utilized to screen a lambda gt11 library containing randomly sheared fragments of dna from b. pertussis strain 347. one clone, lambda bppor, was identified and subcloned into puc18. a portion of the dna in ...19911658537
an escherichia coli insertion element (is2) provides a functional promoter in bordetella pertussis.the adenylate cyclase (cyaa) gene of bordetella pertussis is not expressed in escherichia coli. using cya-lac fusions, high-expression spontaneous mutants were isolated and shown to have the insertion element is2 in orientation ii integrated into the reading frame of cyaa. upon transfer of the is2-activated cya-lac fusion into b. pertussis, we found that the is2-provided promoter is as efficient in b. pertussis as it is in e. coli. these results provide evidence that an insertion element derived ...19911660176
in vitro activity of temafloxacin against gram-negative bacteria: an overview.the in vitro activities of temafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin against gram-negative bacteria are compared. the 90% minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic90s) of temafloxacin for respiratory pathogens such as haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria meningitidis, bordetella pertussis, and legionella pneumophila are less than or equal to 0.06 micrograms/ml. temafloxacin is also active against bacterial agents of sexually transmitted diseases, including neisseria gonorrhoeae ...19911662890
in vitro activity and stability against novel beta-lactamases of investigational beta-lactams (cefepime, cefpirome, flomoxef, sce2787 and piperacillin plus tazobactam) in comparison with established compounds (cefotaxime, latamoxef and piperacillin).the therapeutic perspectives of flomoxef, sce 2787, cefpirome, cefepime, latamoxef, cefotaxime and of piperacillin plus tazobactam were comparatively evaluated by their in vitro activity against 1119 clinical isolates of 83 bacterial species. escherichia coli, klebsiella spp. enterobacter sakazakii, proteus spp. and shigella spp. were about equally susceptible to the cephalosporins (mic90: 0.06 to 0.5 mg/l), while the mic90 for piperacillin plus tazobactam was between 2 and 16 mg/l. enterobacter ...19911664418
does whole-cell pertussis vaccine protect black south african infants? assessment of post-vaccination events and antibody responses to pertussis toxin, filamentous haemagglutinin and agglutinogens 2 and 3.the whole-cell pertussis vaccine currently used in south africa has not been adequately evaluated for post-vaccination events and immunogenicity. a trial of this vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (dtp) was undertaken in 115 black babies who received primary vaccination at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. serological igg responses to the major antigens of bordetella pertussis, filamentous haemagglutinin (fha), pertussis toxin (pt) and fimbriae (agglutinogens 2 and 3 (agg 2 + 3), were ...19911675492
immunogenicity of primary dpt vaccination.children have been given the diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and pertussis vaccine (dpt) in taiwan for more than 30 years. yet, the antibody responses to dpt have not been investigated in recent years. two new antigens of bordetella pertussis, pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin, were identified in b. pertussis several years ago and became the constituents of a new type of pertussis vaccine, acellular vaccine. this study was undertaken to test the antibody responses toward diphtheria, te ...19911681018
construction of minitransposons for constitutive and inducible expression of pertussis toxin in bvg-negative bordetella bronchiseptica.appropriately detoxified pertussis toxin (pt) of bordetella pertussis is considered to be an essential component of new-generation whooping cough vaccines, but the development of a procedure to obtain high levels of purified toxin has been and continues to be a major difficulty. to produce a system enabling the biological separation of pt from other virulence determinants of b. pertussis and the attainment of high yields of the toxin, minitransposons containing the pt operon were constructed and ...19911682257
human t cell immunity against bordetella pertussis analyzed at clonal level.cloned peripheral blood t lymphocytes from an immune donor were grown in interleukin 2 and tested for proliferation in response to inactivated bordetella species (b. pertussis, b. parapertussis and b. bronchiseptica) and mutants deficient for the expression of virulence-associated antigens. all the t cell clones obtained were cd4+8- and recognized specifically the bordetella antigens when presented by autologous b cells. on the basis of the responsiveness to the whole inactivated bacteria, it wa ...19911683526
expression of bordetella pertussis fimbrial (fim) genes in bordetella bronchiseptica: fimx is expressed at a low level and vir-regulated.to identify the elements involved in bordetella pertussis fimbriae regulation and to determine whether fimx is an expressed gene, the promoter regions of fimx, fim2 and fim3 from strain bpsa1 were isolated and linked to the promoterless cat gene in plafr2. by following cat activity in bordetella bronchiseptica vir+ and vir- strains we established that the fimx promoter, like those for fim2 and fim3, is active, although at a low level, and vir-regulated. this suggests that the fimx protein might ...19911684407
comparison of the protective effects of the pertussis acellular vaccine with the component vaccine, which have different amounts of fimbriae, against the experimental aerosol infection of mice with bordetella pertussis.we obtained highly purified fimbrae from bordetella pertussis cells which gave a single band in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. using the purified fimbriae, we prepared anti-fimbriae rabbit or goat iggs by fimbriae-sepharose affinity chromatography, and developed elisa for its determination. the concentration of fimbriae in our former type of acellular vaccine (80 micrograms per ml) was determined to be 20 ng per ml, and that in our component vaccine was at an almost negligible level. to ...19911685713
[pathogenesis of bordetella pertussis]. 19911687154
[molecular and cellular bases of shigella flexneri virulence].shigella flexneri, a gram negative bacillus, causes bacillary dysentery, an ulcerative disease of the human colon, by invading intestinal epithelial cells. entry into epithelial cells occurs via an induced phagocytic process which involves the actino-myosin complex. the host-cell receptor and the transmembrane signal which initiate reorganization of the cytoskeleton are under study. binding to integrins has recently been demonstrated in related models such as the entry of yersinia pseudotubercul ...19911742620
[determination of the immune potency of lymphocyte-promoting factor (lpf) and filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) molecules by intranasal challenge in mice].all mice immunized with toxoid lpf and fha molecules were found to be protected against infections by intranasal instillation of bordetella pertussis. while a significant weight loss was observed in control mice within ten days following challenge, immunized mice were found to gain weight. mice immunized with 20 micrograms doses of toxoid lpf were found to be also protected against intracerebral infection. fha did not protect mice against such an infection.19911745145
regulation of experimental autoimmune uveitis in rats--separation of mhc and non-mhc gene effects.experimental autoimmune uveitis (eau) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease and has served as a model of certain ocular inflammatory conditions in man. the present study was aimed at separating the effects of mhc and non-mhc genes on the development of eau in the rat. eau-susceptible lew (rt1l), eau-resistant wkah (rt1k), and wkah.1l (rt1l) mhc congenic strain of wkah background rats were immunized with retinal soluble antigen (s-ag) in freund's complete adjuvant (fca). lew rats showed typical ...19911747950
prevention of anaphylactic death by macrophage blockade.data in the literature concerning the role of macrophages in anaphylaxis are contradictory. in the present study the effect of macrophage blockade induced by gadolinium chloride (gdcl3) on anaphylactic shock was investigated. our observations show that gdcl3 prevents the lethal anaphylactic shock of mice sensitized to ovalbumin. gdcl3 given i.v. in a dose of 1 mg/100 g body weight 24 or 48 h before the elicitation of anaphylactic shock resulted in 90% survival, compared to the 43% survival in th ...19911755328
[multispecific monoclonal antibodies].immunization of balb/c mice with rickettsia prowazekii antigens, bordetella pertussis toxin and legionella pneumophila cytolysin induces the synthesis of igm autoantibodies of different specificity. among monoclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies with a wide reactivity spectrum have been found to make up high percentage (30-80%). monoclonal antibodies interact with different bacterial antigens and tissue substances. a hypothesis has been put forward that normally the injection of the antig ...19911759527
testicular lesions and lymphocyte subpopulations in rats immunized with a soluble fraction of testicular homogenate.a soluble fraction obtained from a testicular homogenate by precipitation with ammonium sulphate (aspm) was emulsified with freund's complete adjuvant (cfa) and injected into wistar rats. at 50 days after the first immunization (total of three injections) the animals had developed moderate and multifocal testicular damage, characterized mainly by sloughing of the seminiferous epithelium. a delayed-type hypersensitivity response and circulating antibodies to aspm were detected at different times ...19911761327
stress-induced suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rat.numerous experiments have demonstrated that physical stress can alter immunological parameters. however, little attention has been paid to the interrelationship between stress and autoimmune processes. the present study was designed to determine the influence of electric shock and sound stress on the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae). ten-week-old male da rats highly susceptible to eae were used. rats were subjected to the stress procedure during 19 days either before ...19911774136
pertussis encephalopathy in an adult: case report and review.a 39-year-old man developed paroxysmal cough, occasional vomiting after cough, and subconjunctival hemorrhage. his illness was complicated by episodes of seizure, with clonic movements of the arms and legs, brief loss of consciousness, and confusion. the episodes were triggered by mild, unremarkable coughing paroxysms. a diagnosis of pertussis was confirmed serologically by measurement of igg, iga, and igm antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin. serologic studies confirmed t ...19911775835
p42/mitogen-activated protein kinase as a converging target for different growth factor signaling pathways: use of pertussis toxin as a discrimination factor.mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase is a 42-kda serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that requires phosphorylation on both tyrosine and threonine residues for activity. this enzyme is rapidly and transiently activated in quiescent cells after addition of various agonists, including insulin, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and phorbol esters. we show here that addition of the growth factors thrombin or basic fibroblast growth factor to ccl39 fibroblasts rapidly ind ...19911777507
protective immunogenicity of synthetic peptides selected from the amino acid sequence of bordetella pertussis toxin subunit s1.five synthetic peptides identified as antigenic sites on the s1 subunit of pertussis toxin (pt) were coupled to the diphtheria toxin cross-reactive mutant protein crm 197 or bsa. all peptide conjugates were immunogenic in animals. two peptide-crm-conjugates, corresponding to amino acids 1-17 and 169-186, induced especially high antibody titers against native pt in mice (balb/c, c57/black and outbred nmri) as measured by elisa. upon in vivo pt challenge (0.5 microgram toxin) of the nmri mice both ...19911778305
history of the development of pertussis vaccine.bordetella pertussis and the disease whooping cough have mysterious unique features among bacterial infectious diseases. numerous studies gradually provided information that permitted the development of a pertussis vaccine and the assessment of its potency relative to human efficacy. the advances in the understanding of b. pertussis, its pathogenicity and immunity that led to the development of a pertussis vaccine are presented.19911778306
evaluation of antibodies elicited by immunization with pertussis toxin.the monoclonal antibody termed 1b7 neutralizes pertussis toxin in vivo in cell culture systems and can also passively protect mice from a challenge with live bordetella pertussis (9). it has been suggested that most other independently derived neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognizing the s1 subunit apparently recognize the same epitope as 1b7, and that the s1 subunit contains only one immunodominant protective epitope (1). these antibodies have been termed class a antibodies (8) and inhibi ...19911778308
simple and efficient method for clinical isolation of bordetella pertussis.commercially available amies transport medium with charcoal and three isolation media were tested to assess their efficiency in the clinical isolation of b. pertussis. first, the isolation rates of b. pertussis were compared between direct inoculation of nasopharyngeal specimens and inoculation after being stored in amies transport medium for eight hours or less. the organism was detected in 43 specimens from 29 patients with at least one of the two inoculation methods. the comparative isolation ...19911778312
structural and biological comparison of lipopolysaccharides (lps) from bordetella species.lipopolysaccharides (lps) isolated from bordetella pertussis (bp), b. parapertussis (bpp), and b. bronchiseptica (bbs) were analysed for their chemical composition, molecular heterogeneity, and immunological and biological properties. all lps contained heptose, kdo, glcn, uronic acid, phosphate, and fatty acids. the fatty acids c14:0, c16:0 and 3-ohc14:0 were common to all lps preparations. by sds-page, bp-lps had two bands of low molecular mass, and bpp- and bbs-lps showed a low molecular mass ...19911778313
production of a safe, potent and immunogenic partially purified acellular pertussis vaccine using simple indigenous techniques.partially purified acellular pertussis vaccine was prepared from bordetella pertussis strains 10536, 134, tohama and 509 using simple indigenously available techniques. the stainer-scholte (ss) medium with methylated-beta-cyclodextrin was the most suitable for production of acellular pertussis vaccine. for preparation of the vaccine, 5 day cultures of b. pertussis grown under stationary conditions at 35 degrees c were treated twice with ammonium sulphate and prospective protective antigens were ...19911778314
mixed outbreak of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis in an apartment house.from september through november of 1985, a mixed outbreak of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis occurred in an apartment house in ashikaga city, japan. bacteriological and serological investigations were conducted on seven families, comprising 13 adults and 19 children, living in the same apartment house and having social contacts. for all the subjects, cultivation of nasopharyngeal mucus and measurement of pertussis agglutinin antibody, anti-pt antibody, and anti-f-ha antibody we ...19911778328
the epidemiological situation of pertussis in the federal republic of germany.whooping cough continues to be a major childhood disease in parts of west germany. at age six, more than one third of the children in our area have had pertussis according to parental information, whereas only 12% received a specific vaccination. during a four-year period from 1984 to 1987, a total of 2,881 clinically diagnosed cases of whooping cough were investigated. the children had a mean age of 4.1 years, 11% of all patients were younger than one year and 6% of the patients were adults wit ...19911778329
construction and characterization of genetically inactivated pertussis toxin.pertussis toxin has been shown to be an important virulence factor and an antigen which will probably be essential to a pertussis vaccine. inactivation of the pertussis toxin was required due to the pharmacological properties associated with this toxin. however, chemical inactivation has the potential of altering important epitopes or of failing to inactivate the toxin. cloning and sequencing of the pertussis toxin operon has permitted the introduction of specific mutations in the s1 gene which ...19911778335
genetic and immunological studies on polypeptides encoded by the vir locus of bordetella pertussis.we report here the results of genetic and immunological studies of the vir locus of bordetella pertussis. these studies have allowed the determination of the cellular compartment that each of the vir-encoded polypeptides occupies, and have allowed the detection of each of them in crude extracts of bordetella pertussis cells. from these studies it can be seen that the vir locus encodes two polypeptides, one a transmembrane sensing and signalling protein and the second a cytoplasmic regulatory pro ...19911778338
the role of the o antigen in adjuvant activity of lipopolysaccharide.adjuvant activities of isogenic salmonella enterica, serovar typhimurium, o-6,7 and o-4,5,12 lipopolysaccharide (lps), lipid a and bordetella pertussis lps were compared by immunizing groups of mice subcutaneously with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid vaccine alone or mixed with one of the lps derivatives. five weeks later the mice were bled and the tetanus and diphtheria antibodies in the sera were measured. all the lps derivatives efficiently increased the antibody responses when compared to the ...19911778421
antigenic switching and pathogenicity: environmental effects on virulence gene expression in bordetella pertussis. 19911783898
construction and characterization of bordetella pertussis mutants lacking the vir-regulated p.69 outer membrane protein.the bordetella pertussis p.69 protein is an immunogen with vaccine potential. the role of this protein in pathogenesis is unclear; it has been associated with the toxic adenylate cyclase and adhesion to eukaryotic cells. for further analysis of the role of p.69 in the biology of b. pertussis, we have constructed strains which specifically lack p.69. the cloned p.69 (prn) gene of b. pertussis was insertionally inactivated with a kanamycin-resistance cassette. this inactivated gene was used to con ...19911787793
age-dependent difference in susceptibility to ige antibody- and igg1 antibody-mediated passive anaphylactic shock in the mouse.the age dependence of the susceptibility to passive anaphylactic shock was studied in the mouse. anti-bpo ige monoclonal antibody produced potent systemic sensitization sufficient for provocation of lethal shock in most aged (6 to 10 months) cts, ds and c57bl/6j mice but only in a very few young (1.5 to 2.5 months) mice. a similar trend was found in the nod strain, though it was not as definite as in the above three strains. age-dependent potentiation of the ige antibody-mediated anaphylactic sh ...19911791039
structural and genetic analysis of the bvg locus in bordetella species.the bvg locus contains two genes, bvga and bvgs, which control the expression of the virulence-associated genes in bordetella species by a system similar to the two-component systems used by a variety of bacterial species to respond to environmental stimuli. we determined the nucleotide sequence of the bvg loci of bordetella parapertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica and compared them with the previously determined sequence of bordetella pertussis. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the ...19911791760
the bvg-dependent promoters show similar behaviour in different bordetella species and share sequence homologies.the expression of the virulence-associated genes in bordetella species is co-ordinately regulated by the gene products encoded by the bvg locus. in bordetella pertussis the expression of this locus is regulated by the p1, p2, p3 and p4 promoters which are located in a 350 bp dna fragment also containing the pfha promoter. here we report the transcriptional regulation of the bvg locus and the fha gene in bordetella parapertussis and a sequence analysis of the bvg-regulated promoters. the pp1, pp2 ...19911791761
shelf life of prepared bordet-gengou and regan-lowe agar plates for isolation of bordetella pertussis.the shelf life of prepared agar plates used for the isolation of bordetella pertussis was studied. they contained bordet-gengou agar, bordet-gengou agar with cephalexin, regan-lowe agar, regan-lowe agar with cephalexin, or regan-lowe agar with both cephalexin and amphotericin b. plates stored were compared to freshly prepared control plates for up to a maximum of 18 weeks. they were inoculated with clinical isolates of bordetella pertussis, either in pure culture, or mixed with a defined orophar ...19911794372
protective activity of bordetella adenylate cyclase-hemolysin against bacterial colonization.bordetella pertussis synthesizes several factors. it has been suggested that one of these factors, the adenylate cyclase-hemolysin (ac-hly), directly penetrates target cells and impairs their normal functions by elevating intracellular camp. in the present study, we show that active immunization with purified b. pertussis ac-hly or ac (a fragment of the ac-hly molecule carrying only the adenylate cyclase activity but no toxin activity in vitro) protects mice against b. pertussis intranasal infec ...19911795632
the cell mediated and humoral immune response to vaccination with acellular and whole cell pertussis vaccine in adult humans.the cell mediated immune response (cmi) against pertussis antigens following vaccination with the traditional danish whole cell pertussis vaccine (wc-p) and the japanese acellular pertussis vaccine (a-pv) jnih-3 was studied in four adult human volunteers. vaccination with the a-pv induced an in vitro proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to pertussis toxin (pt) subunits s2-s4, s3-s4 and s5 and the filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), and a better serological response to native pt, d ...19911797049
synthesis of 2-deoxy-4-o-alpha- and -beta-d-mannopyranosyl-l-erythro-pentonic acids.the title compounds, required for the identification of structural features of the bordetella pertussis endotoxin, have been synthesised by condensation of benzyl 3-o-benzyl-2-deoxy-beta-l-erythro-pentopyranoside with 2,3,4,6-tetra-o-benzoyl-alpha-d-mannopyranosyl bromide and with 4,6-di-o-acetyl-2,3-o-carbonyl-alpha-d-mannopyranosyl bromide, respectively, thus affording the fully protected alpha- and beta-linked disaccharides 7 and 12. hypoiodite oxidation of the reducing disaccharides 9 and 14 ...19911797380
antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime in comparison with cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet, ceftibuten, loracarbef, cefprozil, bay 3522, cefuroxime, cefaclor and cefadroxil.the new oral cephalosporins cefpodoxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet and ceftibuten demonstrate enhanced activity against enterobacteriaceae susceptible to the established compounds as well (e.g. cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefadroxil). in addition, cefpodoxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet and ceftibuten include in their spectrum species hitherto resistant to oral cephalosporins (proteus vulgaris, providencia spp., yersinia enterocolitica). besides, the majority of these compounds demonstrate rele ...19911800377
development of non-toxigenic vaccine strains of bordetella pertussis by gene replacement. 19911805567
vaccine-preventable respiratory infections in childhood.in the past decade, immunization rates among preschool-age children in the united states have decreased to levels lower than those in many developing countries. as a result, epidemics of vaccine-preventable diseases have occurred, especially in urban areas. six of the infections prevented by immunization--those caused by bordetella pertussis, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae type b, corynebacterium diphtheriae, measles virus, and influenza virus--frequently cause respiratory trac ...19911809999
recombinant bordetella pertussis pertactin (p69) from the yeast pichia pastoris: high-level production and immunological properties.acellular whooping cough vaccines are based on pertussis toxoid but their effectiveness may be increased by the addition of other bordetella pertussis antigens. we expressed the immunogenic outer membrane protein pertactin (p69) from b. pertussis to high levels in multi-copy transformants of the industrial yeast pichia pastoris. in high-density fermentations, engineered p. pastoris yielded greater than 3 g of the protein per litre of culture. purified recombinant pertactin was able to stimulate ...19911811375
bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase activity in nasopharyngeal aspirates for rapid diagnosis of whooping cough in relation to culture and serology.adenylate cyclase activity, measured in 201 nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients presenting with own or parental suspicion of whooping cough, was compared to diagnosis made by culture and by serology in the culture negative cases. the median amount of cyclic amp in samples from culture negative patients (n = 145) was 0.60 pmoles which differed significantly (p less than 0.001) from the median value 3.28 in samples from culture positive patients (n = 56). the median value 0.70 pmoles of cyclic ...19911815336
differential effect of a paf antagonist cv-3988 on active and passive anaphylactic shock in various mouse strains.to define the role of platelet-activating factor (paf) in anaphylactic shock in the mouse, the suppressive effect of cv-3988, a paf antagonist, on active and passive anaphylactic shock was studied. various mouse strains treated or not treated with bordetella pertussis (b. pertussis) were used. we found that the effect of cv-3988 on anaphylactic shock in the mice that were actively sensitized with bovine serum albumin plus b. pertussis differed markedly according to mouse strain. cv-3988 suppress ...19911819738
gtp-binding proteins transduce signals generated via human fc gamma receptor iiia (cd16).this study demonstrates that gtp-binding proteins regulate fc gamma riii-mediated signal transduction and inositol phosphate (ipn) generation in human nk cells. in addition the cross-linking of cd16 by mab, guanosine 5'-o-3-thiophosphate induced 1,4,5 inositol trisphosphate (ip3) release in permeabilized nk cells and their membranes. by contrast, guanosine 5'-o-2-thiophosphate, almost completely inhibited ip3 generation induced by cross-linking with anti-cd16 mab. pretreatment of nk cells with 1 ...19911827488
cloning of the reca gene of bordetella pertussis and characterization of its product.a reca gene of bordetella pertussis was identified in a plasmid library by complementation of a reca mutation in e coli and subcloned as a 2.1-kb sph i dna fragment. southern hybridization experiments showed no similarity to the e coli reca gene, but very strong similarity to other bordetella species. e coli reca mutant cells containing the b pertussis reca gene at high gene dosage were resistant to dna-damaging agents such as methyl methane sulfonate or 4-nitroquinoline-n-oxide, displayed induc ...19911832021
the effects of adjuvants on immune responses in cattle injected with a brucella abortus soluble antigen.five different adjuvants were examined for potentiation of humoral and cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses in cattle to a brucella abortus soluble antigen (basa). two separate experiments were performed involving a total of 64 steers, divided among six groups (experiment 1) and 9 groups (experiment 2). the adjuvants used were: muramyl dipeptide, freund's incomplete adjuvant, dimethyl-dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (dda), bordetella pertussis and propionibacterium acnes. in each experiment, three ...19911835213
an abnormal signal transduction pathway in cd4-cd8- double-negative lymph node cells of mrl lpr/lpr mice.we describe here a novel 26-kda posphoprotein (p26), associated to the t cell receptor of cd4-cd8- lymph node cells of lpr/lpr mice, but not present in significant amounts in control mouse cells including polyclonally activated t cells. lpr p26 is constitutively phosphorylated on a tyrosyl residue. it is most likely a member of the g protein family and displays high gtp-binding and gtpase activities both unsensitive to interleukin 2. bordetella pertussis toxin has no effect on the spontaneously ...19911836187
[the property of filamentous hemagglutinin of bordetella pertussis].for the purpose to clarifying the biologically active substance of b. pertussis, we prepared the filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) from culture supernatant of the strain tohama phase i and purified it through chromatography columns of hydroxylapatite, fetuin-sepharose 4b and sepharose cl 6b. there are several bands appeared in the polyacrylamide gel after sds-page, especially between 98 kd and 210 kd. the amount of 210 kd component is not proportional to hemagglutination (ha) activity of fha among ...19911845342
adenylate cyclase toxin from bordetella pertussis. the relationship between induction of camp and hemolysis.bordetella pertussis produces a calmodulin-activated adenylate cyclase (ac) that exists in several forms. only one form of ac, of apparent 200 kda, is a toxin that penetrates eukaryotic cells and generates uncontrolled levels of intracellular camp. recombination studies in transposon tn5-insertion mutants of b. pertussis and amino acid sequence homology with alpha-hemolysin of escherichia coli suggested that ac toxin may also have a hemolytic activity. here, we demonstrate that only the toxic fo ...19911847141
are several g proteins involved in the different effects of endothelin-1 in mouse striatal astrocytes?high-affinity specific receptors of endothelin (et-1) were identified on primary cultures of mouse embryo striatal astrocytes by binding experiments performed with 125i-et-1. stimulation of production of inositol phosphates, a biphasic increase of the intracellular calcium concentration, and inhibition of cyclic amp accumulation were observed in the same cells under et-1 stimulation. pretreatment of these cells with bordetella pertussis toxin affected these effects to different extends, an obser ...19911848277
pertussis toxin reduces endothelium-dependent and independent responses to alpha-2- adrenergic stimulation in systemic canine arteries and veins.a pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (g-protein) is involved in the signal transduction of certain endothelium-dependent responses in mammalian arteries. to determine whether a similar mechanism mediates endothelium-dependent responses in mammalian veins, rings of canine femoral arteries and veins with and without endothelium were suspended for the measurement of isometric force in organ chambers. in femoral arteries, incubation of the rings with pertussis toxin (fro ...19911850467
purification and assay of cell-invasive form of calmodulin-sensitive adenylyl cyclase from bordetella pertussis.an invasive form of the cam-sensitive adenylyl cyclase from bordetella pertussis can be isolated from bacterial culture supernatants. this isolation is achieved through the use of qae-sephadex anion-exchange chromatography. it has been demonstrated that the addition of exogenous ca2+ to the anion-exchange gradient buffers will affect elution from the column and will thereby affect the isolation of invasive adenylyl cyclase. this is probably due to a ca2(+)-dependent interaction of the catalytic ...19911851926
pertussis in developing countries: definition of the problem and prospects for control.pertussis is a distinct clinical syndrome caused by bordetella pertussis. the disease has been well characterized and largely controlled in the industrialized countries. studies of pertussis in developing countries have been much more limited, in large part because of difficulty in culturing the organisms. conventional whole-cell vaccine is being widely used in developing countries but without clear epidemiologic measures of efficacy. the introduction of new acellular pertussis vaccines has focu ...19911862282
pertussis in adults. what physicians need to know.although there is increased awareness among physicians regarding their role in protecting adults against vaccine-preventable diseases, many physicians are unaware that adults develop pertussis. studies of adults with prolonged cough have found that 20% to 25% have serologic evidence of recent pertussis infection. investigations of outbreaks have documented that adults develop infection with bordetella pertussis and transmit the organism to susceptible children. adults are the major reservoir of ...19911872655
high susceptibility of cataract shionogi (cts) mice to passive anaphylactic shock mediated by allogeneic ige and igg1 monoclonal antibodies.the susceptibility of cataract shionogi (cts) mice as young as 8 to 10 weeks of age to passive anaphylactic shock mediated by anti-benzylpenicilloyl ige and igg1 monoclonal antibodies was compared with those of other strains of the same age including sister strains such as nonobese-diabetic (nod) and nonobese-nondiabetic (non). when the animals had been treated with killed bordetella pertussis organisms, potent sensitization, enough to cause lethal shock, was produced by either monoclonal antibo ...19911874560
effect of pertussis pretreatment on plasma glucose and insulin responses to lithium in rats.1. administration of lithium to rats causes a rise in plasma glucose and suppresses glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. these effects are blocked by the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine. 2. pretreatment of rats with bordetella pertussis toxin resulted in a reversal of the usual plasma glucose and insulin responses to intravenously administered lithium (4 meq kg-1). there was a slow fall in plasma glucose, while plasma insulin rose to 267 +/- 42% (+/- s.e.mean) of control values at 30 ...19911884093
pertussis: an old disease in a new era.pertussis has a worldwide incidence of 51,000,000 cases per year with a 1% case fatality rate and primarily affects young children. despite the availability of an effective whole-cell pertussis vaccine, pertussis has reemerged as a significant cause of human morbidity in areas where pertussis vaccine programs have ceased because of vaccine safety concerns. the search for new vaccines without side effects has stimulated an intensive study of virulence determinants of bordetella pertussis. as a re ...19911887166
Refresh
firstprev
...21222324252627282930...
nextlast
Displaying items 2001 - 2100 of 9771