Publications

gene deletions resulting in increased nitrogen release by azotobacter vinelandii: application of a novel nitrogen biosensor.	azotobacter vinelandii is a widely studied model diazotrophic (nitrogen-fixing) bacterium and also an obligate aerobe, differentiating it from many other diazotrophs that require environments low in oxygen for the function of the nitrogenase. as a free-living bacterium, a. vinelandii has evolved enzymes and transporters to minimize the loss of fixed nitrogen to the surrounding environment. in this study, we pursued efforts to target specific enzymes and further developed screens to identify indi ...	2015	25888177
draft genome sequence of the toluene-degrading pseudomonas stutzeri strain st-9.	strain st-9 was isolated from toluene-contaminated soil (samaria, israel). the draft genome has an estimated size of 4.8 mb, exhibits an average g+c content of 60.37%, and is predicted to encode 4,183 proteins, including a gene cluster for aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. it is assigned to genomovar 3 of pseudomonas stutzeri.	2015	26044424
chronic infection by mucoid pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with dysregulation in t-cell immunity to outer membrane porin f.	pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) is an environmental pathogen that commonly infects individuals with cystic fibrosis (cf) and non-cf bronchiectasis, impacting morbidity and mortality. to understand the pathobiology of interactions between the bacterium and host adaptive immunity and to inform rational vaccine design, it is important to understand the adaptive immune correlates of disease.	2015	25789411
novel dna packaging recognition in the unusual bacteriophage n15.	phage lambda's cosb packaging recognition site is tripartite, consisting of 3 ters binding sites, called r sequences. ters binding to the critical r3 site positions the terl endonuclease for nicking cosn to generate cohesive ends. the n15 cos (cos(n15)) is closely related to cos(λ), but whereas the cosb(n15) subsite has r3, it lacks the r2 and r1 sites and the ihf binding site of cosb(λ). a bioinformatic study of n15-like phages indicates that cosb(n15) also has an accessory, remote rr2 site, wh ...	2015	25956737
rapid quantification of mutant fitness in diverse bacteria by sequencing randomly bar-coded transposons.	transposon mutagenesis with next-generation sequencing (tnseq) is a powerful approach to annotate gene function in bacteria, but existing protocols for tnseq require laborious preparation of every sample before sequencing. thus, the existing protocols are not amenable to the throughput necessary to identify phenotypes and functions for the majority of genes in diverse bacteria. here, we present a method, random bar code transposon-site sequencing (rb-tnseq), which increases the throughput of mut ...	2015	25968644
isolation and identification of indigenous plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from himalayan region of kashmir and their effect on improving growth and nutrient contents of maize (zea mays l.).	introduction and exploitation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) in agro-ecosystems enhance plant-microbes interactions that may affect ecosystems sustainability, agricultural productivity, and environmental quality. the present study was conducted to isolate and identify pgprs associated with maize (zea mays l.) from twenty sites of himalayan region of hajira-rawalakot, azad jammu and kashmir (ajk), pakistan. a total of 100 isolates were isolated from these sites, out of which eight ...	2015	25852667
tatbc-independent tata/tat substrate interactions contribute to transport efficiency.	the tat system can transport folded, signal peptide-containing proteins (tat substrates) across energized membranes of prokaryotes and plant plastids. a twin-arginine motif in the signal peptide of tat substrates is recognized by tatc-containing complexes, and tata permits the membrane passage. often, as in the model tat systems of escherichia coli and plant plastids, a third component - tatb - is involved that resembles tata but has a higher affinity to tatc. it is not known why most tata disso ...	2015	25774531
assessment of microbiological contamination in the work environments of museums, archives and libraries.	museums, archives and libraries have large working environments. the goal of this study was to determine microbial contamination in these work places and estimate the influence of microclimatic parameters and total dust content on microbial contamination. in addition, research included evaluation of ergosterol concentration and fungal bioaerosol particle size distribution. numbers of micro-organisms in the air and on the surfaces in museums were higher (2.1 × 10(2)-7.0 × 10(3) cfu/m(3) and 1.4 × ...	2015	26346115
evolution of molybdenum nitrogenase during the transition from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism.	molybdenum nitrogenase (nif), which catalyzes the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonium, has modulated the availability of fixed nitrogen in the biosphere since early in earth's history. phylogenetic evidence indicates that oxygen (o2)-sensitive nif emerged in an anaerobic archaeon and later diversified into an aerobic bacterium. aerobic bacteria that fix n2 have adapted a number of strategies to protect nif from inactivation by o2, including spatial and temporal segregation of nif from o2 and res ...	2015	25733617
recent development in production and biotechnological application of microbial enzymes.		2015	25821792
beyond iron: non-classical biological functions of bacterial siderophores.	bacteria secrete small molecules known as siderophores to acquire iron from their surroundings. for over 60 years, investigations into the bioinorganic chemistry of these molecules, including fundamental coordination chemistry studies, have provided insight into the crucial role that siderophores play in bacterial iron homeostasis. the importance of understanding the fundamental chemistry underlying bacterial life has been highlighted evermore in recent years because of the emergence of antibiot ...	2015	25764171
a novel pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent 2-keto-d-glucose dehydrogenase from pseudomonas aureofaciens.	a gene encoding an enzyme similar to a pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq)-dependent sugar dehydrogenase from filamentous fungi, which belongs to new auxiliary activities (aa) family 12 in the cazy database, was cloned from pseudomonas aureofaciens. the deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned enzyme showed only low homology to previously characterized pqq-dependent enzymes, and multiple-sequence alignment analysis showed that the enzyme lacks one of the three conserved arginine residues that functi ...	2015	25645559
the influence of smoking on the peri-implant microbiome.	smokers are at high risk for 2 bacterially driven oral diseases: peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to use a deep-sequencing approach to identify the effect of smoking on the peri-implant microbiome in states of health and disease. peri-implant biofilm samples were collected from 80 partially edentulous subjects with peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. bacterial dna was isolated and 16s ribsomal rna gene li ...	2015	26124222
metaproteomics reveals major microbial players and their biodegradation functions in a large-scale aerobic composting plant.	composting is an appropriate management alternative for municipal solid waste; however, our knowledge about the microbial regulation of this process is still scare. we employed metaproteomics to elucidate the main biodegradation pathways in municipal solid waste composting system across the main phases in a large-scale composting plant. the investigation of microbial succession revealed that bacillales, actinobacteria and saccharomyces increased significantly with respect to abundance in compost ...	2015	25989417
azotobacter genomes: the genome of azotobacter chroococcum ncimb 8003 (atcc 4412).	the genome of the soil-dwelling heterotrophic n2-fixing gram-negative bacterium azotobacter chroococcum ncimb 8003 (atcc 4412) (ac-8003) has been determined. it consists of 7 circular replicons totalling 5,192,291 bp comprising a circular chromosome of 4,591,803 bp and six plasmids pacx50a, b, c, d, e, f of 10,435 bp, 13,852, 62,783, 69,713, 132,724, and 311,724 bp respectively. the chromosome has a g+c content of 66.27% and the six plasmids have g+c contents of 58.1, 55.3, 56.7, 59.2, 61.9, and ...	2015	26061173
resource niche overlap promotes stability of bacterial community metabolism in experimental microcosms.	decomposition of organic matter is an important ecosystem process governed in part by bacteria. the process of decomposition is expected to benefit from interspecific bacterial interactions such as resource partitioning and facilitation. however, the relative importance of resource niche breadth (metabolic diversity) and resource niche overlap (functional redundancy) on decomposition and the temporal stability of ecosystem processes received little scientific attention. therefore, this study aim ...	2015	25759686
nad-independent l-lactate dehydrogenase required for l-lactate utilization in pseudomonas stutzeri a1501.	nad-independent l-lactate dehydrogenases (l-ildhs) play important roles in l-lactate utilization of different organisms. all of the previously reported l-ildhs were flavoproteins that catalyze the oxidation of l-lactate by the flavin mononucleotide (fmn)-dependent mechanism. based on comparative genomic analysis, a gene cluster with three genes (llda, lldb, and lldc) encoding a novel type of l-ildh was identified in pseudomonas stutzeri a1501. when the gene cluster was expressed in escherichia c ...	2015	25917905
thiosulfate dehydrogenase (tsda) from allochromatium vinosum: structural and functional insights into thiosulfate oxidation.	although the oxidative condensation of two thiosulfate anions to tetrathionate constitutes a well documented and significant part of the natural sulfur cycle, little is known about the enzymes catalyzing this reaction. in the purple sulfur bacterium allochromatium vinosum, the reaction is catalyzed by the periplasmic diheme c-type cytochrome thiosulfate dehydrogenase (tsda). here, we report the crystal structure of the "as isolated" form of a. vinosum tsda to 1.98 å resolution and those of sever ...	2015	25673691
biotransformation of tributyltin chloride by pseudomonas stutzeri strain dn2.	a bacterial isolate capable of utilizing tributyltin chloride (tbtcl) as sole carbon source was isolated from estuarine sediments of west coast of india and identified as pseudomonas stutzeri based on biochemical tests and fatty acid methyl ester (fame) analysis. this isolate was designated as strain dn2. although this bacterial isolate could resist up to 3 mm tbtcl level, it showed maximum growth at 2 mm tbtcl in mineral salt medium (msm). pseudomonas stutzeri dn2 exposed to 2 mm tbtcl revealed ...	2015	25763027
biotransformation of tributyltin chloride by pseudomonas stutzeri strain dn2.	a bacterial isolate capable of utilizing tributyltin chloride (tbtcl) as sole carbon source was isolated from estuarine sediments of west coast of india and identified as pseudomonas stutzeri based on biochemical tests and fatty acid methyl ester (fame) analysis. this isolate was designated as strain dn2. although this bacterial isolate could resist up to 3 mm tbtcl level, it showed maximum growth at 2 mm tbtcl in mineral salt medium (msm). pseudomonas stutzeri dn2 exposed to 2 mm tbtcl revealed ...	2015	25763027
geospatial resolution of human and bacterial diversity with city-scale metagenomics.	the panoply of microorganisms and other species present in our environment influence human health and disease, especially in cities, but have not been profiled with metagenomics at a city-wide scale. we sequenced dna from surfaces across the entire new york city (nyc) subway system, the gowanus canal, and public parks. nearly half of the dna (48%) does not match any known organism; identified organisms spanned 1,688 bacterial, viral, archaeal, and eukaryotic taxa, which were enriched for harmles ...	2015	26594662
non-pathogenic microflora of a spring water with regenerative properties.	the comano spring water (comano, italy) has been demonstrated to improve skin regeneration, not only by increasing keratinocyte proliferation and migration, but also by modulating the regenerated collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis. however, such biological properties may not be entirely explained by its mineral composition only. as the non-pathogenic bacterial populations have demonstrated an active role in different biological processes, the potential presence of non-pathogenic bacterial ...	2015	26623012
role of root microbiota in plant productivity.	the growing human population requires increasing amounts of food, but modern agriculture has limited possibilities for increasing yields. new crop varieties may be bred to have increased yields and be more resistant to environmental stress and pests. however, they still require fertilization to supplement essential nutrients that are normally limited in the soil. soil microorganisms present an opportunity to reduce the requirement for inorganic fertilization in agriculture. microorganisms, due t ...	2015	25908654
high voltage electrochemiluminescence (ecl) as a new method for detection of pah during screening for pah-degrading microbial consortia.	the search for new bacterial consortia capable of removing pah from the environment is associated with the need to employ novel, simple, and economically efficient detection methods. a fluorimetric method (fl) as well as high voltage electrochemiluminescence (ecl) on a modified surface of an aluminum electrode were used in order to determine the changes in the concentrations of pah in the studied aqueous solutions. the ecl signal (the spectrum and emission intensity for a given wavelength) was d ...	2015	26213425
amym, a novel maltohexaose-forming α-amylase from corallococcus sp. strain egb.	a novel α-amylase, amym, was purified from the culture supernatant of corallococcus sp. strain egb. amym is a maltohexaose-forming exoamylase with an apparent molecular mass of 43 kda. based on the results of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and peptide mass fingerprinting of amym and by comparison to the genome sequence of corallococcus coralloides dsm 2259, the amym gene was identified and cloned into escherichia coli. amym encodes a secretory amylas ...	2015	25576603
cold and hot extremozymes: industrial relevance and current trends.	the development of enzymes for industrial applications relies heavily on the use of microorganisms. the intrinsic properties of microbial enzymes, e.g., consistency, reproducibility, and high yields along with many others, have pushed their introduction into a wide range of products and industrial processes. extremophilic microorganisms represent an underutilized and innovative source of novel enzymes. these microorganisms have developed unique mechanisms and molecular means to cope with extreme ...	2015	26539430
microbial diversity and abundance in the xinjiang luliang long-term water-flooding petroleum reservoir.	microbial populations associated with microbial enhanced oil recovery (meor) and their abundance in the xinjiang luliang water-flooding petroleum reservoir were investigated using 16s rrna, nitrate reductases, dissimilatory sulfate reductase, and methyl coenzyme-m reductase-encoded genes to provide ecological information for the potential application of meor. 16s rrna gene miseq sequencing revealed that this reservoir harbored large amounts of taxa, including 155 bacterial and 7 archeal genera. ...	2015	25641701
anthropogenic impact on diazotrophic diversity in the mangrove rhizosphere revealed by nifh pyrosequencing.	diazotrophs in the mangrove rhizosphere play a major role in providing new nitrogen to the mangrove ecosystem and their composition and activity are strongly influenced by anthropogenic activity and ecological conditions. in this study, the diversity of the diazotroph communities in the rhizosphere sediment of five tropical mangrove sites with different levels of pollution along the north and south coastline of singapore were studied by pyrosequencing of the nifh gene. bioinformatics analysis re ...	2015	26539189
molybdenum availability is key to nitrate removal in contaminated groundwater environments.	the concentrations of molybdenum (mo) and 25 other metals were measured in groundwater samples from 80 wells on the oak ridge reservation (orr) (oak ridge, tn), many of which are contaminated with nitrate, as well as uranium and various other metals. the concentrations of nitrate and uranium were in the ranges of 0.1 μm to 230 mm and <0.2 nm to 580 μm, respectively. almost all metals examined had significantly greater median concentrations in a subset of wells that were highly contaminated with ...	2015	25979890
higher diversity and abundance of denitrifying microorganisms in environments than considered previously.	denitrification is an important process in the global nitrogen cycle. the genes encoding nirk and nirs (nirk and nirs), which catalyze the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide, have been used as marker genes to study the ecological behavior of denitrifiers in environments. however, conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers can only detect a limited range of the phylogenetically diverse nirk and nirs. thus, we developed new pcr primers covering the diverse nirk and nirs. clone library ...	2015	25756678
a population-based acute meningitis and encephalitis syndromes surveillance in guangxi, china, may 2007-june 2012.	acute meningitis and encephalitis (ame) are common diseases with the main pathogens being viruses and bacteria. as specific treatments are different, it is important to develop clinical prediction rules to distinguish aseptic from bacterial or fungal infection. in this study we evaluated the incidence rates, seasonal variety and the main etiologic agents of ame, and identified factors that could be used to predict the etiologic agents.	2015	26633824
prevalence of resistant gram-negative bacilli in bloodstream infection in febrile neutropenia patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a single center retrospective cohort study.	bloodstream infection (bsi) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). to evaluate the causative bacteria and identify risk factors for bsi associated mortality in febrile neutropenia patients undergoing hsct, we collected the clinical and microbiological data from patients underwent hsct between 2008 and 2014 and performed a retrospective analysis. throughout the study period, among 348 episodes of neutropenic fever in ...	2015	26559260
bacteria that travel: the quality of aircraft water.	the travelling population is increasing globally year on year. international tourist arrival figures reached 1087 million in 2013 and 1133 million in 2014; of which 53% and 54% respectively accounted for air transport. the water on board aircraft is sourced from surface or ground water; piped to a central filling point and distributed to each aircraft by water service vehicles at the home base or at the destination airport. the purpose of this study was to ascertain the microbial, chemical (ph; ...	2015	26529000
accurate read-based metagenome characterization using a hierarchical suite of unique signatures.	a major challenge in the field of shotgun metagenomics is the accurate identification of organisms present within a microbial community, based on classification of short sequence reads. though existing microbial community profiling methods have attempted to rapidly classify the millions of reads output from modern sequencers, the combination of incomplete databases, similarity among otherwise divergent genomes, errors and biases in sequencing technologies, and the large volumes of sequencing dat ...	2015	25765641
selective pressure of temperature on competition and cross-feeding within denitrifying and fermentative microbial communities.	in coastal marine sediments, denitrification and fermentation are important processes in the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. microbial communities performing these two processes were enriched from tidal marine sediments in replicated, long term chemostat incubations at 10 and 25°c. whereas denitrification rates at 25°c were more or less stable over time, at 10°c denitrification activity was unstable and could only be sustained either by repeatedly increasing the amount of carbon subst ...	2015	26779132
selective pressure of temperature on competition and cross-feeding within denitrifying and fermentative microbial communities.	in coastal marine sediments, denitrification and fermentation are important processes in the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. microbial communities performing these two processes were enriched from tidal marine sediments in replicated, long term chemostat incubations at 10 and 25°c. whereas denitrification rates at 25°c were more or less stable over time, at 10°c denitrification activity was unstable and could only be sustained either by repeatedly increasing the amount of carbon subst ...	2015	26779132
determining roles of accessory genes in denitrification by mutant fitness analyses.	enzymes of the denitrification pathway play an important role in the global nitrogen cycle, including release of nitrous oxide, an ozone-depleting greenhouse gas. in addition, nitric oxide reductase, maturation factors, and proteins associated with nitric oxide detoxification are used by pathogens to combat nitric oxide release by host immune systems. while the core reductases that catalyze the conversion of nitrate to dinitrogen are well understood at a mechanistic level, there are many periphe ...	2015	26452555
determining roles of accessory genes in denitrification by mutant fitness analyses.	enzymes of the denitrification pathway play an important role in the global nitrogen cycle, including release of nitrous oxide, an ozone-depleting greenhouse gas. in addition, nitric oxide reductase, maturation factors, and proteins associated with nitric oxide detoxification are used by pathogens to combat nitric oxide release by host immune systems. while the core reductases that catalyze the conversion of nitrate to dinitrogen are well understood at a mechanistic level, there are many periphe ...	2015	26452555
cytochrome cbb3 of thioalkalivibrio is a na+-pumping cytochrome oxidase.	cytochrome c oxidases (coxs) are the basic energy transducers in the respiratory chain of the majority of aerobic organisms. coxs studied to date are redox-driven proton-pumping enzymes belonging to one of three subfamilies: a-, b-, and c-type oxidases. the c-type oxidases (cbb3 cytochromes), which are widespread among pathogenic bacteria, are the least understood. in particular, the proton-pumping machinery of these coxs has not yet been elucidated despite the availability of x-ray structure in ...	2015	26056262
ralstonia solanacearum uses inorganic nitrogen metabolism for virulence, atp production, and detoxification in the oxygen-limited host xylem environment.	genomic data predict that, in addition to oxygen, the bacterial plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum can use nitrate (no3(-)), nitrite (no2(-)), nitric oxide (no), and nitrous oxide (n2o) as terminal electron acceptors (teas). genes encoding inorganic nitrogen reduction were highly expressed during tomato bacterial wilt disease, when the pathogen grows in xylem vessels. direct measurements found that tomato xylem fluid was low in oxygen, especially in plants infected by r. solanacearum. xylem f ...	2015	25784703
supramolecular protein assembly supports immobilization of a cytochrome p450 monooxygenase system as water-insoluble gel.	diverse applications of the versatile bacterial cytochrome p450 enzymes (p450s) are hampered by their requirement for the auxiliary proteins, ferredoxin reductases and ferredoxins, that transfer electrons to p450s. notably, this limits the use of p450s as immobilized enzymes for industrial purposes. herein, we demonstrate the immobilization of a bacterial p450 and its redox protein partners by supramolecular complex formation using a self-assembled heterotrimeric protein. employment of homodimer ...	2015	25733255
multidimensional effects of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles in helicobacter pylori, helicobacter felis, and human lung (l132) and lung carcinoma a549 cells.	silver nanoparticles (agnps) are prominent group of nanomaterials and are recognized for their diverse applications in various health sectors. this study aimed to synthesize the agnps using the leaf extract of artemisia princeps as a bio-reductant. furthermore, we evaluated the multidimensional effect of the biologically synthesized agnps in helicobacter pylori, helicobacter felis, and human lung (l132) and lung carcinoma (a549) cells. uv-visible (uv-vis) spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of ...	2015	25852332
pre-early functions of bacteriophage t5 and its relatives.	coliphage t5 injects its dna in 2 steps: the first step transfer (fst) region 7.9% is injected and its genes are expressed and only then does the remainder (second step transfer, sst) of its dna enter the cell. in the fst region, only 2 essential genes (a1 and a2) have been identified and a third (dmp) non-essential gene codes for a deoxyribonucleotide 5' monophosphatase. thirteen additional putative orfs are present in the fst region. numerous properties have been attributed to fst region, incl ...	2015	26904381
biocatalytic production of trehalose from maltose by using whole cells of permeabilized recombinant escherichia coli.	trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide, which can protect proteins, lipid membranes, and cells from desiccation, refrigeration, dehydration, and other harsh environments. trehalose can be produced by different pathways and trehalose synthase pathway is a convenient, practical, and low-cost pathway for the industrial production of trehalose. in this study, 3 candidate tres genes were screened from genomic databases of pseudomonas and expressed in escherichia coli. one of them from p. stutzeri a ...	2015	26462117
protonation state of the cu4s2 cuz site in nitrous oxide reductase: redox dependence and insight into reactivity.	spectroscopic and computational methods have been used to determine the protonation state of the edge sulfur ligand in the cu4s2 cuz form of the active site of nitrous oxide reductase (n2or) in its 3cu(i)cu(ii) (1-hole) and 2cu(i)2cu(ii) (2-hole) redox states. the epr, absorption, and mcd spectra of 1-hole cuz indicate that the unpaired spin in this site is evenly delocalized over cui, cuii, and cuiv. 1-hole cuz is shown to have a μ2-thiolate edge ligand from the observation of s-h bending modes ...	2015	26417423
recent advances in lipase-mediated preparation of pharmaceuticals and their intermediates.	biocatalysis offers an alternative approach to conventional chemical processes for the production of single-isomer chiral drugs. lipases are one of the most used enzymes in the synthesis of enantiomerically pure intermediates. the use of this type of enzyme is mainly due to the characteristics of their regio-, chemo- and enantioselectivity in the resolution process of racemates, without the use of cofactors. moreover, this class of enzymes has generally excellent stability in the presence of org ...	2015	26690428
comparison of serum procalcitonin in respiratory infections and bloodstream infections.	this study observed the relationship between procalcitonin (pct) and results of sputum culture, the relationship between pct and results of blood culture to evaluate and compare the value of pct in respiratory and bloodstream infections.	2015	26885109
genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity in alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris: a contribution to species characterization.	alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is the main cause of most spoilage problems in fruit juices and acidic products. since soil borne species often contaminate fruit juices and do not need strict extreme requirements for survival, it is a great concern to investigate whether and how soil species could evolve from their ecological niches in microbial community to new environments as fruit juices. in this study, 23 isolates of thermo-acidophilic, spore-forming bacteria from soil were characterized by ...	2015	26484547
comparative genomics of non-pseudomonal bacterial species colonising paediatric cystic fibrosis patients.	the genetic disorder cystic fibrosis is a life-limiting condition affecting ∼70,000 people worldwide. targeted, early, treatment of the dominant infecting species, pseudomonas aeruginosa, has improved patient outcomes; however, there is concern that other species are now stepping in to take its place. in addition, the necessarily long-term antibiotic therapy received by these patients may be providing a suitable environment for the emergence of antibiotic resistance. to investigate these issues, ...	2015	26401445
evaluation of aerial microbial pollutants in al-haram al-nabawi during pilgrimage of 2013.	al-madinah al-munawwarah is the second holiest site in islam. the possibility of new emerging microbes is valid due to the increased number of pilgrims. the objectives of the current study were to estimate the numbers of fungi and bacteria inside and outside al-haram al-nabawi and to find whether new bacterial and fungal species have emerged compared to previous studies. air samples were collected twice a day from 12 spots and four directions during the pilgrim year of 2013 for four consecutive ...	2015	28053593
evaluation of aerial microbial pollutants in al-haram al-nabawi during pilgrimage of 2013.	al-madinah al-munawwarah is the second holiest site in islam. the possibility of new emerging microbes is valid due to the increased number of pilgrims. the objectives of the current study were to estimate the numbers of fungi and bacteria inside and outside al-haram al-nabawi and to find whether new bacterial and fungal species have emerged compared to previous studies. air samples were collected twice a day from 12 spots and four directions during the pilgrim year of 2013 for four consecutive ...	2015	28053593
aerobic cyanide degradation by bacterial isolates from cassava factory wastewater.	ten bacterial strains that utilize cyanide (cn) as a nitrogen source were isolated from cassava factory wastewater after enrichment in a liquid media containing sodium cyanide (1 mm) and glucose (0.2% w/v). the strains could tolerate and grow in cyanide concentrations of up to 5 mm. increased cyanide levels in the media caused an extension of lag phase in the bacterial growth indicating that they need some period of acclimatisation. the rate of cyanide removal by the strains depends on the initi ...	2015	26413045
microbiologic spectrum and susceptibility of isolates in delayed post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis.	the objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological spectrum and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates in delayed post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis. a retrospective review of 33 consecutive patients with culture proven delayed post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis was done from january 2006 to march 2013. there were 22 bacterial and eleven fungal cases. common isolates were streptococci (seven cases), coagulase-negative staphylococci (five), gram-negative bacilli (seven), noca ...	2015	26124631
opportunistic pathogens and elements of the resistome that are common in bottled mineral water support the need for continuous surveillance.	several differences concerning bacterial species, opportunistic pathogens, elements of the resistome as well as variations concerning the cfu/ml counts were identified in some of the five most marketed bottled mineral water from araraquara city, são paulo, brazil. two out of five brands tested were confirmed as potential source of opportunistic pathogens, including mycobacterium gordonae, ralstonia picketti and burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc). a total of one hundred and six isolates were reco ...	2015	25803794
understanding the concept of health care-associated pneumonia in lung transplant recipients.	limited data are available regarding the etiologic impact of health care-associated pneumonia (hcap) in lung transplant recipients. therefore, our aim was to evaluate the microbiologic differences between hcap and hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap)/ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) in lung transplant recipients with a radiographically confirmed diagnosis of pneumonia.	2015	25742187
chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution: a powerful tool for the preparation of enantiomerically pure alcohols and amines.	chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution (dkr) constitutes a convenient and efficient method to access enantiomerically pure alcohol and amine derivatives. this perspective highlights the work carried out within this field during the past two decades and pinpoints important avenues for future research. first, the perspective will summarize the more developed area of alcohol dkr, by delineating the way from the earliest proof-of-concept protocols to the current state-of-the-art systems that allo ...	2015	25730714
selenium hyperaccumulators harbor a diverse endophytic bacterial community characterized by high selenium resistance and plant growth promoting properties.	selenium (se)-rich plants may be used to provide dietary se to humans and livestock, and also to clean up se-polluted soils or waters. this study focused on endophytic bacteria of plants that hyperaccumulate selenium (se) to 0.5-1% of dry weight. terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis was used to compare the diversity of endophytic bacteria of hyperaccumulators stanleya pinnata (brassicaceae) and astragalus bisulcatus (fabaceae) with those from related non-accumulato ...	2015	25784919
impact of alkyl polyglucosides surfactant lutensol gd 70 on modification of bacterial cell surface properties.	alkyl polyglucosides, due to their low toxicity and environmental compatibility, could be used in biodegradation of hydrophobic compounds. in this study, the influence of lutensol gd 70 on the cell hydrophobicity and zeta potential was measured. the particle size distribution and surfactant biodegradation were also investigated. microbacterium sp. strain e19, pseudomonas stutzeri strain 9, and the same strain cultivated in stress conditions were used in studies. adding surfactant to the diesel o ...	2015	25741049
melioidosis diagnostic workshop, 2013.	melioidosis is a severe disease that can be difficult to diagnose because of its diverse clinical manifestations and a lack of adequate diagnostic capabilities for suspected cases. there is broad interest in improving detection and diagnosis of this disease not only in melioidosis-endemic regions but also outside these regions because melioidosis may be underreported and poses a potential bioterrorism challenge for public health authorities. therefore, a workshop of academic, government, and pri ...	2015	25626057
antibiotic resistance profile of non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli isolated from the blood cultures of cancer patients.		2015	25722625
biodegradation of crude oil by individual bacterial strains and a mixed bacterial consortium.	three bacterial isolates identified as alcanivorax borkumensis sk2, rhodococcus erythropolis hs4 and pseudomonas stutzeri sdm, based on 16s rrna gene sequences, were isolated from crude oil enrichments of natural seawater. single strains and four bacterial consortia designed by mixing the single bacterial cultures respectively in the following ratios: (alcanivorax: pseudomonas, 1:1), (alcanivorax: rhodococcus, 1:1), (pseudomonas: rhodococcus, 1:1), and (alcanivorax: pseudomonas: rhodococcus, 1:1 ...	2015	26273252
microbicides alter the expression and function of rnd-type efflux pump adeabc in biofilm-associated cells of acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates.	acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative bacterium that causes nosocomial infections worldwide. this microbe's propensity to form biofilms allows it to persist and to survive on clinical abiotic surfaces for long periods. in fact, a. baumannii biofilm formation and its multidrug-resistant nature severely compromise our capacity to care for patients in hospital environments. in contrast, microbicides such as cetrimide (ct) and chlorhexidine (chx) play important roles in the prevention and treat ...	2015	26459900
microbicides alter the expression and function of rnd-type efflux pump adeabc in biofilm-associated cells of acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates.	acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative bacterium that causes nosocomial infections worldwide. this microbe's propensity to form biofilms allows it to persist and to survive on clinical abiotic surfaces for long periods. in fact, a. baumannii biofilm formation and its multidrug-resistant nature severely compromise our capacity to care for patients in hospital environments. in contrast, microbicides such as cetrimide (ct) and chlorhexidine (chx) play important roles in the prevention and treat ...	2015	26459900
in situ analysis of a silver nanoparticle-precipitating shewanella biofilm by surface enhanced confocal raman microscopy.	shewanella oneidensis mr-1 is an electroactive bacterium, capable of reducing extracellular insoluble electron acceptors, making it important for both nutrient cycling in nature and microbial electrochemical technologies, such as microbial fuel cells and microbial electrosynthesis. when allowed to anaerobically colonize an ag/agcl solid interface, s. oneidensis has precipitated silver nanoparticles (agnp), thus providing the means for a surface enhanced confocal raman microscopy (secram) investi ...	2015	26709923
transcriptomic profiling of methylococcus capsulatus (bath) during growth with two different methane monooxygenases.	methylococcus capsulatus (bath) is a methanotroph that possesses both a membrane-embedded (pmmo) and a soluble methane monooxygenase (smmo). the expression of these two mmo's is tightly controlled by the availability of copper in the growth medium, but the underlying mechanisms and the number of genes involved in this switch in methane oxidation is not yet fully elucidated. microarray analyses were used to assess the transcriptome in cells producing either pmmo or smmo. a total of 137 genes were ...	2015	26687591
transcriptomic profiling of methylococcus capsulatus (bath) during growth with two different methane monooxygenases.	methylococcus capsulatus (bath) is a methanotroph that possesses both a membrane-embedded (pmmo) and a soluble methane monooxygenase (smmo). the expression of these two mmo's is tightly controlled by the availability of copper in the growth medium, but the underlying mechanisms and the number of genes involved in this switch in methane oxidation is not yet fully elucidated. microarray analyses were used to assess the transcriptome in cells producing either pmmo or smmo. a total of 137 genes were ...	2015	26687591
utilization of d-lactate as an energy source supports the growth of gluconobacter oxydans.	d-lactate was identified as one of the few available organic acids that supported the growth of gluconobacter oxydans 621h in this study. interestingly, the strain used d-lactate as an energy source but not as a carbon source, unlike other lactate-utilizing bacteria. the enzymatic basis for the growth of g. oxydans 621h on d-lactate was therefore investigated. although two putative nad-independent d-lactate dehydrogenases, gox1253 and gox2071, were capable of oxidizing d-lactate, gox1253 was the ...	2015	25862219
identification of gram-negative bacteria and genetic resistance determinants from positive blood culture broths by use of the verigene gram-negative blood culture multiplex microarray-based molecular assay.	bloodstream infection is a serious condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. the outcome of these infections can be positively affected by the early implementation of effective antibiotic therapy based on the identification of the infecting organism and genetic markers associated with antibiotic resistance. in this study, we evaluated the microarray-based verigene gram-negative blood culture (bc-gn) assay in the identification of 8 genus or species targets and 6 genetic resi ...	2015	25994165
unveiling bacterial interactions through multidimensional scaling and dynamics modeling.	we propose a new strategy to identify and visualize bacterial consortia by conducting replicated culturing of environmental samples coupled with high-throughput sequencing and multidimensional scaling analysis, followed by identification of bacteria-bacteria correlations and interactions. we conducted a proof of concept assay with pine-tree resin-based media in ten replicates, which allowed detecting and visualizing dynamical bacterial associations in the form of statistically significant and ye ...	2015	26671778
antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacilli isolated from the skin of healthy humans.	in the present work, twelve bacilli were isolated from four different regions of human skin from bela population of nagpur district, india. the isolated bacilli were identified by their morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. seven isolates were gram negative rods, out of which five were belong to genus pseudomonas. three among the five gram positive isolates were identified as dermabactor and the remaining two bacillus. their antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined ...	2015	26691469
bioaugmentation of lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus tistr 895 to enhance bio-hydrogen production of rhodobacter sphaeroides kku-ps5.	bioaugmentation or an addition of the desired microorganisms or specialized microbial strains into the anaerobic digesters can enhance the performance of microbial community in the hydrogen production process. most of the studies focused on a bioaugmentation of native microorganisms capable of producing hydrogen with the dark-fermentative hydrogen producers while information on bioaugmentation of purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria (pnsb) with lactic acid-producing bacteria (lab) is still ...	2015	26613000
is two-stage reimplantation effective for virulent pathogenic infection in a periprosthetic hip? a retrospective analysis.	to investigate the effectiveness of two-stage reimplantation using antibiotic-loaded bone cement (albc) and the risk factors associated with failure to control periprosthetic joint infection (pji).	2015	26495248
microbiological contamination of mobile phones of clinicians in intensive care units and neonatal care units in public hospitals in kuwait.	the objective of this study was to explore the prevalence of microbiological contamination of mobile phones that belong to clinicians in intensive care units (icus), pediatric intensive care units (picus), and neonatal care units (ncus) in all public secondary care hospitals in kuwait. the study also aimed to describe mobile phones disinfection practices as well as factors associated with mobile phone contamination.	2015	26471415
nitrogen removal characteristics of a newly isolated indigenous aerobic denitrifier from oligotrophic drinking water reservoir, zoogloea sp. n299.	nitrogen is considered to be one of the most widespread pollutants leading to eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems, especially in drinking water reservoirs. in this study, an oligotrophic aerobic denitrifier was isolated from drinking water reservoir sediment. nitrogen removal performance was explored. the strain was identified by 16s rrna gene sequence analysis as zoogloea sp. n299. this species exhibits a periplasmic nitrate reductase gene (napa). its specific growth rate was 0.22 h-1. obvi ...	2015	25946341
genome sequence of organophosphorus pesticide-degrading bacterium pseudomonas stutzeri strain yc-yh1.	pseudomonas stutzeri strain yc-yh1, isolated from pesticide-polluted soil, efficiently degrades organophosphorus pesticides (opps) such as chlorpyrifos, parathion-methyl, triazophos, and parathion. here, we report the genome sequence (4.83 mb) of p. stutzeri yc-yh1 to facilitate further investigation of the opp-degrading mechanism.	2015	25814604
high production of ectoine from aspartate and glycerol by use of whole-cell biocatalysis in recombinant escherichia coli.	recently, the compatible solute 1, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid (ectoine) has attracted considerable interest due to its great potential as a protecting agent. to overcome the drawbacks of high salinity in the traditional bioprocess of ectoine using halophilic bacteria, various attempts have been made to engineer ectoine biosynthesis in nonhalophilic bacteria. unfortunately, the yields of ectoine in these producers are still low and hardly meet the demands of large sca ...	2015	25886618
similar pah fate in anaerobic digesters inoculated with three microbial communities accumulating either volatile fatty acids or methane.	urban sludge produced on wastewater treatment plants are often contaminated by organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah). their removal under methanogenic conditions was already reported, but the factors influencing this removal remain unclear. here, we determined the influence of microbial communities on pah removal under controlled physico-chemical conditions. twelve mesophilic anaerobic digesters were inoculated with three microbial communities extracted from ecosystem ...	2015	25874750
insights into ongoing evolution of the hexachlorocyclohexane catabolic pathway from comparative genomics of ten sphingomonadaceae strains.	hexachlorocyclohexane (hch), a synthetic organochloride, was first used as a broad-acre insecticide in the 1940s, and many hch-degrading bacterial strains have been isolated from around the globe during the last 20 years. to date, the same degradation pathway (the lin pathway) has been implicated in all strains characterized, although the pathway has only been characterized intensively in two strains and for only a single hch isomer. to further elucidate the evolution of the lin pathway, we have ...	2015	25850427
crystal structure of dim-1, an acquired subclass b1 metallo-β-lactamase from pseudomonas stutzeri.	metallo-β-lactamases (mbls) hydrolyze almost all classes of β-lactam antibiotic, including carbapenems-currently first choice drugs for opportunistic infections by gram-negative bacterial pathogens. mbl inhibitor development is complicated by the diversity within this group of enzymes, and by the appearance of new enzymes that continue to be identified both as chromosomal genes and on mobile genetic elements. one such newly discovered mbl is dim-1, a mobile enzyme originally discovered in the op ...	2015	26451836
nipple pain in breastfeeding mothers: incidence, causes and treatments.	persistent nipple pain is one of the most common reasons given by mothers for ceasing exclusive breastfeeding. we aimed to determine the frequency of nipple pain as a reason for consultation, the most common attributed aetiologies, and the effectiveness of the advice and treatment given.	2015	26426034
differences in bacterial community structure in two color morphs of the hawaiian reef coral montipora capitata.	corals harbor diverse bacterial associations that contribute to the health of the host. using 16s rrna pyrosequencing, we compared the bacterial communities of red and orange morphs of the hawaiian coral montipora capitata. although both color morphs shared dominant bacterial genera, weighted and unweighted unifrac analyses showed distinct bacterial communities. a single operational taxonomic unit (otu), classified as vibrio, represented the largest driver of differences between the color morphs ...	2015	26253663
smi2-mediated dimerization of indolylbutenones and synthesis of the myxobacterial natural product indiacen b.	the synthesis and reactivity of indole derivatives substituted in the benzene section was studied. starting materials 4- and 6-iodoindole were conveniently prepared via the batcho-leimgruber route and purified by sublimation. novel vicinally indolyl-substituted cyclopentanols with unexpected cis-configuration were formed by smi2-mediated reductive dimerization of a 4-(indol-6-yl)butenone, obtained by heck reaction. the two indolyl units appear to chelate sm(ii)/(iii) leading to a gauche-type arr ...	2015	26664588
safe usage of cosmetics in bangladesh: a quality perspective based on microbiological attributes.	the present review attempted to emphasize on the microbiological quality of the commonly used cosmetics item by the majority of the bangladeshi community. the abundance of contaminating microorganisms has been quantitatively discussed and the possible health risk has been focused upon usage of these items. only a very few research efforts have been conducted on the cosmetic items in bangladesh so far. the microbiological contamination aspects have been portrayed in this review using the informat ...	2015	26361608
seagrass (zostera marina) colonization promotes the accumulation of diazotrophic bacteria and alters the relative abundances of specific bacterial lineages involved in benthic carbon and sulfur cycling.	seagrass colonization changes the chemistry and biogeochemical cycles mediated by microbes in coastal sediments. in this study, we molecularly characterized the diazotrophic assemblages and entire bacterial community in surface sediments of a zostera marina-colonized coastal lagoon in northern china. higher nitrogenase gene (nifh) copy numbers were detected in the sediments from the vegetated region than in the sediments from the unvegetated region nearby. the nifh phylotypes detected were mostl ...	2015	26209674
engineering food crops to grow in harsh environments.	achieving sustainable agriculture and producing enough food for the increasing global population will require effective strategies to cope with harsh environments such as water and nutrient stress, high temperatures and compacted soils with high impedance that drastically reduce crop yield. recent advances in the understanding of the molecular, cellular and epigenetic mechanisms that orchestrate plant responses to abiotic stress will serve as the platform to engineer improved crop plants with be ...	2015	26380074
insights into the bacterial community and its temporal succession during the fermentation of wine grapes.	grapes harbor complex microbial communities. it is well known that yeasts, typically saccharomyces cerevisiae, and bacteria, commonly the lactic acid fermenting oenococcus oeni, work sequentially during primary and secondary wine fermentation. in addition to these main players, several microbes, often with undesirable effects on wine quality, have been found in grapes and during wine fermentation. however, still little is known about the dynamics of the microbial community during the fermentatio ...	2015	26347718
abuo, a tolc-like outer membrane protein of acinetobacter baumannii, is involved in antimicrobial and oxidative stress resistance.	although acinetobacter baumannii is well accepted as a nosocomial pathogen, only a few of the outer membrane proteins (omps) have been functionally characterized. in this study, we demonstrate the biological functions of abuo, a homolog of tolc from escherichia coli. inactivation of abuo led to increased sensitivity to high osmolarity and oxidative stress challenge. the δabuo mutant displayed increased susceptibility to antibiotics, such as amikacin, carbenicillin, ceftriaxone, meropenem, strept ...	2015	25512405
genomic insights into intrinsic and acquired drug resistance mechanisms in achromobacter xylosoxidans.	achromobacter xylosoxidans is an opportunistic pathogen known to be resistant to a wide range of antibiotics; however, the knowledge about the drug resistance mechanisms is limited. we used a high-throughput sequencing approach to sequence the genomes of the a. xylosoxidans type strain atcc 27061 and a clinical isolate, a. xylosoxidans x02736, and then we used different bioinformatics tools to analyze the drug resistance genes in these bacteria. we obtained the complete genome sequence for a. xy ...	2015	25487802
cephalosporin side chain idiosyncrasies: a case report of ceftriaxone-induced agranulocytosis and review of literature.		2015	26034758
isolation and identification of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from cucumber rhizosphere and their effect on plant growth promotion and disease suppression.	plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) are the rhizosphere bacteria that may be utilized to augment plant growth and suppress plant diseases. the objectives of this study were to identify and characterize pgpr indigenous to cucumber rhizosphere in bangladesh, and to evaluate their ability to suppress phytophthora crown rot in cucumber. a total of 66 isolates were isolated, out of which 10 (ppb1, ppb2, ppb3, ppb4, ppb5, ppb8, ppb9, ppb10, ppb11, and ppb12) were selected based on their in vit ...	2015	26869996
isolation and identification of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from cucumber rhizosphere and their effect on plant growth promotion and disease suppression.	plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) are the rhizosphere bacteria that may be utilized to augment plant growth and suppress plant diseases. the objectives of this study were to identify and characterize pgpr indigenous to cucumber rhizosphere in bangladesh, and to evaluate their ability to suppress phytophthora crown rot in cucumber. a total of 66 isolates were isolated, out of which 10 (ppb1, ppb2, ppb3, ppb4, ppb5, ppb8, ppb9, ppb10, ppb11, and ppb12) were selected based on their in vit ...	2015	26869996
probing an interfacial surface in the cyanide dihydratase from bacillus pumilus, a spiral forming nitrilase.	nitrilases are of significant interest both due to their potential for industrial production of valuable products as well as degradation of hazardous nitrile-containing wastes. all known functional members of the nitrilase superfamily have an underlying dimer structure. the true nitrilases expand upon this basic dimer and form large spiral or helical homo-oligomers. the formation of this larger structure is linked to both the activity and substrate specificity of these nitrilases. the sequences ...	2015	26779137
probing an interfacial surface in the cyanide dihydratase from bacillus pumilus, a spiral forming nitrilase.	nitrilases are of significant interest both due to their potential for industrial production of valuable products as well as degradation of hazardous nitrile-containing wastes. all known functional members of the nitrilase superfamily have an underlying dimer structure. the true nitrilases expand upon this basic dimer and form large spiral or helical homo-oligomers. the formation of this larger structure is linked to both the activity and substrate specificity of these nitrilases. the sequences ...	2015	26779137
a novel biocatalyst for efficient production of 2-oxo-carboxylates using glycerol as the cost-effective carbon source.	the surplus of glycerol has increased remarkably as a main byproduct during the biofuel's production. exploiting an alternative route for glycerol utilization is significantly important for sustainability of biofuels.	2015	26609321
quantitative 'omics analyses of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanaote metabolism in pseudomonas putida ls46 cultured with waste glycerol and waste fatty acids.	transcriptomes and proteomes of pseudomonas putida ls46 cultured with biodiesel-derived waste glycerol or waste free fatty acids, as sole carbon sources, were compared under conditions that were either permissive or non-permissive for synthesis of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-pha). the objectives of this study were to elucidate mechanisms that influence activation of biopolymer synthesis, intra-cellular accumulation, and monomer composition, and determine if these were physiolo ...	2015	26544181
two polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases from distinct classes from the aromatic degrader cupriavidus pinatubonensis jmp134 exhibit the same substrate preference.	cupriavidus pinatubonensis jmp134 utilizes a variety of aromatic substrates as sole carbon sources, including meta-nitrophenol (mnp). two polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthase genes, phac1 and phac2, were annotated and categorized as class i and class ii pha synthase genes, respectively. in this study, both his-tagged purified phac1 and phac2 were shown to exhibit typical class i pha synthase substrate specificity to make short-chain-length (scl) pha from 3-hydroxybutyryl-coa and failed to make me ...	2015	26544851
draft genome sequence of the polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading bacterium pseudomonas stutzeri kf716 (nbrc 110668).	pseudomonas stutzeri kf716 (nbrc 110668) utilizes biphenyl as a sole source of carbon and energy and degrades polychlorinated biphenyls. here, we report the first draft genome sequence of a biphenyl-degrading strain of the species p. stutzeri.	2015	26494664
deterioration to extinction of wastewater bacteria by non-thermal atmospheric pressure air plasma as assessed by 16s rdna-dgge fingerprinting.	the use of cold plasma jets for inactivation of a variety of microorganisms has recently been evaluated via culture-based methods. accordingly, elucidation of the role of cold plasma in decontamination would be inaccurate because most microbial populations within a system remain unexplored owing to the high amount of yet uncultured bacteria. the impact of cold atmospheric plasma on the bacterial community structure of wastewater from two different industries was investigated by metagenomic-based ...	2015	26500637
phylogenomics and systematics in pseudomonas.	the genus pseudomonas currently contains 144 species, making it the genus of gram-negative bacteria that contains the largest number of species. currently, multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa) is the preferred method for establishing the phylogeny between species and genera. four partial gene sequences of housekeeping genes (16s rrna, gyrb, rpob, and rpod) were obtained from 112 complete or draft genomes of strains related to the genus pseudomonas that were available in databases. these genes wer ...	2015	26074881
approaches to studying and manipulating the enteric microbiome to improve autism symptoms.	there is a growing body of scientific evidence that the health of the microbiome (the trillions of microbes that inhabit the human host) plays an important role in maintaining the health of the host and that disruptions in the microbiome may play a role in certain disease processes. an increasing number of research studies have provided evidence that the composition of the gut (enteric) microbiome (gm) in at least a subset of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (asd) deviates from what is ...	2015	25956237