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the reca protein as a model molecule for molecular systematic studies of bacteria: comparison of trees of recas and 16s rrnas from the same species.the evolution of the reca protein was analyzed using molecular phylogenetic techniques. phylogenetic trees of all currently available complete reca proteins were inferred using multiple maximum parsimony and distance matrix methods. comparison and analysis of the trees reveal that the inferred relationships among these proteins are highly robust. the reca trees show consistent subdivisions corresponding to many of the major bacterial groups found in trees of other molecules including the alpha, ...19958587109
in ovo oral vaccination with campylobacter jejuni establishes early development of intestinal immunity in chickens.1. chick embryos were orally immunised at day 16 of incubation by injection of heat-killed campylobacter jejuni organisms into the amniotic fluid. the response to vaccination was observed at 5 d after hatching or, in some birds which received a postnatal oral booster vaccination, at 7 d after hatching, and the response was observed at 14 d of age. 2. the titres of antibody in serum, bile and intestinal scrapings, the distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the spleen, duodenum and ile ...19958590089
campylobacter jejuni/coli and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) in faeces from children and adults in tanzania.the occurrence of campylobacter and enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) was studied in faecal samples from tanzanian children (< 5 years of age), adolescents and adults (only campylobacter) with and without diarrhoea. the campylobacter strains isolated were tested for subspecies, enterotoxigenicity and serotype. out of 394 children with diarrhoea 18% were infected with campylobacter and 20% with etec. in 278 samples tested for campylobacter and 136 tested for etec from asymptomatic children the corre ...19958685639
in vitro studies of campylobacter jejuni/coli strains from hens and humans regarding adherence, invasiveness, and toxigenicity.campylobacter jejuni/coli strains from hens and humans were compared for their ability to adhere to and invade hep-2-cells and for toxigenicity to cho-cells. in both hen and human strains, invasiveness was higher among non-toxigenic strains than among toxigenic ones. the frequency of adherence, invasiveness, and toxigenicity was the same in hen and human strains.19958719204
a genetic hybrid of the campylobacter jejuni flaa gene with lt-b of escherichia coli and assessment of the efficacy of the hybrid protein as an oral chicken vaccine.the objectives of this study were to produce campylobacter jejuni flagellin fused to the b-subunit of the labile toxin (lt-b) of escherichia coli and to assess the efficacy of the hybrid protein as a chicken vaccine. part of the flaa gene (780 base pairs) was cloned in plasmid pbeb downstream and in frame with the lt-b to allow expression of a hybrid protein. transformed e. coli chi 6097 expressed the hybrid protein (43 kdaltons) in inclusion bodies at mid log phase. the inclusion bodies were is ...19958719215
[the comparative identification of campylobacter strains by traditional enzymatic tests and the gene amplification reaction].39 strains of campylobacter isolated from 153 diarrhoeal children (0-3 years) were comparatively identified by the traditional enzymatic tests and by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the hippurate hydrolysis test appreciated 27 strains as campylobacter jejuni (69.2%) and 12 strains as campylobacter coli (30.8%). the p.c.r. realised in france has appreciated 29 strains as campylobacter jejuni (74.4%) and 10 strains as campylobacter coli (25.6%). the analysis of the results discrepancy permitt ...19958640005
antimicrobial activity of chicken and turkey heterophil peptides chp1, chp2, thp1, and thp3.four avian heterophil antimicrobial cationic peptides (chicken heterophil peptides 1 and 2, and turkey heterophil peptides 1 and 3) were evaluated for in vitro microbicidal activity against selected avian pathogens and human pathogens which are harbored by birds. at concentrations of 16-2 micrograms/ml, all four avian peptides effected a greater than 90% reduction in the survival of candida albicans, salmonella enteriditis, and campylobacter jejuni. none of the peptides, including the known anti ...19958748545
[pathogenesis of guillain-barré syndrome and fisher's syndrome: molecular mimicry between antecedent infectious agents and components of nerve tissues].sera from patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) following campylobacter jejuni infection have autoantibody to gm1 ganglioside. we have investigated whether gm1-oligosaccharide structure is present in the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of c. jejuni (pen 19) that was isolated from a gbs patient. the lps showing the binding activity of cholera toxin, which specifically recognizes the gm1-oligosaccharide, was purified by a column chromatography. proton nmr methods have revealed that the lps has the ...19958752400
evaluation of oxyrase enrichment method for isolation of campylobacter jejuni from inoculated foods.recovery limits were evaluated for campylobacter jejuni in an existing food and drug administration (fda) enrichment broth (eb) formula supplemented with oxyrase enzyme. cultures of camp. jejuni were inoculated into eb or eb containing 10% raw milk, raw oysters, crabmeat or mushrooms. after 24 and 48 h of enrichment, camp. jejuni was isolated on four selective agars. no significant differences in recovery rates for camp. jejuni were observed in the oxyrase enrichment under normal atmosphere or i ...19958554759
the speciation and subtyping of campylobacter isolates from sewage plants and waste water from a connected poultry abattoir using molecular techniques.in this study the distribution of phenotypes of campylobacter strains in sewage and surface waters was investigated by subtyping and by speciation of isolates from various aquatic environments. these environments included two municipal sewage plants (spa and spb) and waste water from a poultry abattoir (wwa). both the sewage plants spa and spb collected domestic and industrial waste, and spa received drain water from wwa. spb received no waste water from any meat-processing plant. the isolates w ...19958557080
longitudinal study of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) class-specific antibodies against campylobacter jejuni and gm1 ganglioside in guillain-barré syndrome.we report two guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) patients with culture-proven campylobacter jejuni (penner19/lior 7). elevated anti-c.jejuni iga antibody declined to the normal range within one month, elevation of anti-c.jejuni igm antibody lasted for 3 months and the titers of anti-c.jejuni igg antibody were still elevated at one year after the neurologic onset. serological criteria for antecedent c.jejuni infection in gbs patients should require 1) high titer of serum iga and/or igm antibody agains ...19958563080
antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in reactive arthritis.to study the occurrence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (anca) in reactive arthritis (rea).19958835566
guillain-barré syndrome in children.the guillain-barré syndrome is a pediatric neurologic emergency and the most common cause in children of rapidly evolving, usually flaccid, weakness with associated areflexia. two treatable illnesses, namely tick paralysis and acute cord compression, demand immediate differential diagnosis. rarely, poliomyelitis still mimics infantile guillain-barré syndrome. specific precursor infections, such as campylobacter jejuni, are now recognized to affect the clinical presentation of guillain-barré synd ...19958776016
[the e test and quinolone-resistant campylobacter jejuni].the e-test is a quantitative technique for the determination of antimicrobial sensitivity. the system is based on the diffusion of a predefined exponential gradient in a determined antibiotic, using an inert plastic support which is applied to a solid culture medium and it is an alternative method for antibiotic sensitivity testing. of the series published, some specifically include microorganisms considered fastidious or difficult to grow, such as campylobacter jejuni. in recent years a progres ...19958808474
enterotoxigenic enteric bacteria causing secretory diarrhoea.two hundred and fifty enteric bacteria isolated from cases of secretory diarrhoea of all age groups were studied for their enterotoxigenicity and prevalence of drug resistance. the principal pathogens were escherichia coli 44.4%, vibrio cholerae 28.8%, salmonella typhimurium 19.2% and campylobacter jejuni 2.4%. 104 (42.6%) strains were enterotoxigenic; v. cholerae (100%), escherichia coli (25.2%) and non-e. coli enterobacteria (6.5%). while 89.3% and 100% enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and sal ...19958919105
characterization of campylobacter jejuni asd gene cloned in escherichia coli.asd gene of the human enteric pathogen, campylobacter jejuni dz72/92, has been isolated from a genomic library constructed in the expression plasmid vector puc8-2 in escherichia coli. the gene has been fished out by complementation of the asd gene deletion present in the genome of e. coli chi 6097. the smallest recombinant plasmid (puwm3) able to confer asd+ phenotype contains a 1.8 kb insert cloned into hindiii site located within the multi-cloning site of the puc8-2 vector. the origin of the i ...19958934665
guillain-barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: immune mechanisms and update on current therapies.the relation between guillain-barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is discussed. most likely they represent parts of a continuum, arbitrarily separated by their time course. within the concept of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy the presence of a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance is discussed. the pathogenesis of inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies has not been elucidated yet, but involvement of the immune system has been ...19958968214
hiv and peripheral neuropathy.manifestations and treatments of many types of common illnesses associated with peripheral neuropathy (pn) in hiv-infected people are presented. specific topics examine guillain-barre syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex, distal symmetrical polyneuropathy, cmv polyradiculopathy, neurotoxic neuropathy, and campylobacter jejuni infection. physicians who treat hiv-1 patients should be aware that pns are common, disabling, and treatable complications of hiv ...199511362726
hepatitis e in a canadian traveller.hepatitis e is clinically indistinguishable from hepatitis a and is caused by an enterically transmitted rna virus that is endemic in developing countries of asia, africa, the middle east and north america. this report describes a canadian traveller to nepal, thailand and india with one of the first confirmed cases of hepatitis e reported in canada. although this disease is usually self-limited with no known sequelae, it may produce fulminant hepatitis with a high case fatality rate in pregnancy ...199522514380
emerging zoonotic diseases. 199522514399
cloning and expression of the erythromycin resistance determinant from campylobacter jejuni in escherichia coli.the erythromycin resistance gene (em(r)) from campylobacter jejuni aba94 plasmid dna was cloned into the puc18 vector and then expressed in escherichia coli. the location of the em(r) determinant on the chimeric plasmid was determined by restriction endonuclease mapping within a 0.8-kb ecori fragment. this fragment then hybridized to the 78-kb plasmid dna but not to the 3.3-or 12.6-kb plasmid dna of campylobacter jejuni aba94. em(r) in campylobacter jejuni is therefore probably plasmid-mediated.199524415023
observations on the control of campylobacter jejuni infection of poultry by 'competitive exclusion'.various bacteria were isolated aerobically from caecal mucus of campylobacter-free broilers sampled at slaughter. the organisms were mainly presumptive coliform bacteria, enterococci and micrococcus/staphylococcus spp. none showed any inhibitory activity against campylobacter jejuni in a plate assay. on the other hand, adult hens yielded nine strains of escherichia coli and one strain of enterococcus faecium that were positive in the plate assay and most of which utilized mucin as an energy sour ...199618645838
breast feeding may protect children against campylobacter jejuni associated diarrhoea.to investigate the bacterial etiology of infant diarrhea in karachi, pakistan, 180 rectal swab samples collected from diarrhea patients under 5 years of age and 30 samples from age- and sex-matched healthy children were analyzed. enteropathogenic organisms were isolated from 70 case samples (38.9%). the two most common etiologic agents were campylobacter jejuni (19.4%) and aeromonas hydrophilia (6.1%). salmonella, shigella, and yersina appear to have a limited incidence in this age group. no ...199612346517
attempted definition by immunoblotting of the causes of reactivity in suspected false-positive sera in the brucella ovis complement fixation test.seventy-nine suspected false-positive sera, obtained over 1 year from routine submissions for brucella ovis serological testing, were used in this study. these sera, which exhibited titres in the complement fixation test, but which because of their epidemiological history and their reactions in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gel diffusion test were suspected to be false positives, were further analysed by immunoblotting. in blots, using b. ovis antigens, rough lipopolysaccharide was i ...199616031926
microtitre plate riboprobe system for detection of ultrasonicated campylobacter jejuni genomic dna.microtitre plate nucleic acid probe hybridization systems were developed for the detection of thermophilic campylobacter and campylobacter jejuni. specific rna probes obtained by in vitro transcription of dna templates synthesized by polymerase chain reaction using two sets of specific primers incorporating bacteriophage t7 promoter sequences were immobilized on a microtitre plate. the hybridizations were carried out on samples of genomic dna sheared by ultrasonication. optimum conditions for th ...19968972089
heat-stable serotyping antigens expressed by strains of campylobacter jejuni are probably capsular and not long-chain lipopolysaccharide.the role of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in the serotyping of campylobacter jejuni based on heat-stable antigens was examined using sds-page and a silver stain for carbohydrate. none of the 32 type strains of camp. jejuni expressed long-chain lps. rabbit antibodies, prepared to 10 selected strains of camp. jejuni, reacted with surface-exposed carbohydrate antigens, which were not lps. this study suggests that the heat-stable antigens of camp. jejuni, which form the basis for the established penner s ...19968972090
a milk-borne campylobacter outbreak following an educational farm visit.after a nursery school trip to a dairy farm, 20 (53%) of 38 children and 3 (23%) of 13 adult helpers developed gastrointestinal infection. campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 15 primary cases and from 3 of 9 secondary household cases. a cohort study of the school party found illness to be associated with drinking raw milk (relative risk 5.4, 95% confidence interval 1.4-20.4, p = 0.001). there was a significant dose response relationship between amount of raw milk consumed and risk of illness ...19968972669
the aroa gene of campylobacter jejuni.the gene for 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (epsp) synthase (aroa) cloned from campylobacter jejuni (cj) strain 81116 was identified by complementation of an escherichia coli (ec) auxotrophic aroa mutant. the cj aroa gene has been sequenced. it encodes an enzyme of 428 amino acids (aa), that is homologous to other bacterial epsp synthases, especially that of bacillus subtilis with which it has a 39% aa identity. the transcriptional start point was mapped. it is present in an upstream open re ...19968973316
outer membrane characteristics of campylobacter jejuni grown in chickens.a type of in vivo phenotype of campylobacter jejuni was obtained by maintaining bacteria in the peritoneal cavities of chickens for one week. these bacteria, which had not been subcultured on laboratory media, were used to prepare outer membranes for comparison with c. jejuni grown in vitro. flagella with subunits of 65 kda and a single porin with a protein subunit of 49 kda were expressed constitutively; however, outer membrane proteins of 55, 35 and 20 kda, and intermediate-chain lipopolysacch ...19968978102
isolation of paramyxovirus serotype 7 from ostriches (struthio camelus).paramyxovirus serotype 7 (pmv-7) was isolated from pooled intestinal contents of two 5-month-old ostriches (struthio camelus). the pathogenicity of the virus was comparable with lentogenic strains of newcastle disease virus (pmv-1) in chicken and chicken embryo pathogenicity tests. the relationship of the virus to the observed pathology of proliferative nonsuppurative enteritis is unknown; the campylobacter jejuni isolated was presumably the primary pathogen. to our knowledge, this is the first ...19968980831
campylobacter jejuni peritonitis in a patient with liver cirrhosis.a 56-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (child-pugh class c), ascites and hepatocellular carcinoma developed acute diarrhoea and fever. ascites granulocyte count was 5760 per microliters. campylobacter jejuni grew in cultures from faeces, blood and ascites. the patient was successfully treated with erythromycin. although the incidence of bacterial infections including peritonitis is high in patients with end-stage liver cirrhosis, this is one of very few cases in which campylobacter jej ...19968980944
electron microscopy of the major outer membrane protein of campylobacter jejuni.the surfaces of the disrupted-cell surfaces of the campylobacter jejuni strains fum158432 and m1 were examined using the negative-staining technique and electron microscopy. the surfaces of the whole cells and the outer membranes were covered with small dark dots which, in some areas, were arranged in hexagonal patterns. the hexagonal arrangement was more clearly seen in extracted outer membrane. the size of each structure was measured based on a center-to-center distance with the adjacent struc ...19968981348
antibody to galnac-gd1a and galnac-gm1b in guillain-barré syndrome subsequent to campylobacter jejuni enteritis.n-acetylgalactosaminyl gd1a (galnac-gd1a) is a proposed target molecule for serum antibody in some patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) (kusunoki et al., 1994). we examined autoantibody to galnac-gd1a in sera from 58 gbs patients. eight gbs patients had high igg anti-galnac-gd1a antibody titers, 3 of whom also had high igm anti-galnac-gd1a antibody titers. these 8 patients had experienced gastrointestinal infection before the onset of their neurological symptoms. campylobacter jejuni was ...19968982115
the magnetic immuno-polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of campylobacter in milk and poultry.a rapid and sensitive technique, based on the magnetic immuno-polymerase chain reaction assay (mipa), was developed for the detection of campylobacter jejuni in milk and chicken products. target bacteria are captured from the food sample by magnetic particles coated with a specific antibody and the bound bacteria then lysed and subjected to pcr. the mipa could detect 420 cfu g-1 of chicken after 18 h, 42 cfu g-1 after 24 h, and 4.2 cfu g-1 after 36 h enrichment. for artificially contaminated mil ...19968934788
[antimicrobial activities of clarithromycin against clinical isolates].to examine the antimicrobial activity of clarithromycin (cam) against strains clinically isolated from outpatients in 1994, minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined for cam and the control drugs. the results were as follows; 1. mic50 and mic90 of cam were similar to those investigated in 1980's against many bacterial species. 2. cam showed strong antimicrobial activities against beta-lactamase producing moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis, bordetella pertussis, campylobact ...19968935125
a novel polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection and speciation of thermophilic campylobacter spp.a novel pcr amplification method is described which is specific for the thermophilic, enteropathogenic species campylobacter jejuni, camp. coli and camp. upsaliensis. rapid, accurate speciation of amplified strains is possible on the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms of pcr products digested with three restriction enzymes, alui, ddei and drai. the sensitivity of detection is 25 cfu in water, and 2 x 10(3) cfu in full cream milk. an epidemiological application of the assay in det ...19968939024
differentiation of bacterial 16s rrna genes and intergenic regions and mycobacterium tuberculosis katg genes by structure-specific endonuclease cleavage.we describe here a new approach for analyzing nucleic acid sequences using a structure-specific endonuclease, cleavase i. we have applied this technique to the detection and localization of mutations associated with isoniazid resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis and for differentiating bacterial genera, species and strains. the technique described here is based on the observation that single strands of dnas can assume defined conformations, which can be detected and cleaved by structure-spec ...19968940459
[hemolytic-uremic syndrome and campylobacter jejuni enteritis]. 19968942950
murine intranasal challenge model for the study of campylobacter pathogenesis and immunity.campylobacter jejuni infection of mice initiated by intranasal administration was investigated as a potential model for studies of pathogenesis and immunity. by using a standard challenge (5 x 10(9) cfu), c. jejuni 81-176 was more virulent for balb/c (72% mortality) than for c3h/hej (50%), cba/caj (30%), or c58/j (0%). intranasal challenge of balb/c was used to compare the relative virulence of three reference strains; c.jejuni 81-176 was more virulent (killing 83% of challenged mice) than c. je ...19968945529
[campylobacter jejuni infections]. 19968948834
[campylobacter jejuni infections in a prison population coinfected with the human immunodeficiency virus].campylobacter jejuni is a common etiological agent of diarrhea in the general population. in recent years it has also been involved as etiological agent of intestinal and extraintestinal infections in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the clinical and microbiological features in a series of hiv+ patients infected with c. jejuni in a correctional facility are here reported.19968948837
microbial ecology of campylobacter jejuni in a united kingdom chicken supply chain: intermittent common source, vertical transmission, and amplification by flock propagation.a study of campylobacter jejuni on a broiler chicken farm between 1989 and 1994 gave an estimated isolation rate of 27% (3,304 of 12,233) from a 0.9% sample of 1.44 million broiler chickens from six to eight sheds over 32 consecutive rearing flocks comprising 251 broiler shed flocks. during the study, c. jejuni was found in 35.5% of the 251 shed flocks but only 9.2% (23 of 251) had campylobacter isolates in successive flocks, with 9 of those 23 sheds having the same serotype between consecutive ...19968953731
a combined polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease enzyme assay for discriminating between campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni.a combined polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease (re) enzyme assay was developed to discriminate between campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni. amplimers of the flaa gene obtained by pcr were digested with alui and hinfi to distinguish c. coli from c. jejuni. with alui digestion c. jejuni-specific bands were observed at 110, 140 and 160 bp and c. coli-specific bands at 293 and 147 bp. c. jejuni-specific bands of 349 and 109 bp were found by hinfi digestion but hinfi did no ...19968954352
affinity of anti-gm1 antibodies in guillain-barré syndrome patients.in this study, we investigated the affinity of anti-gm1 igg antibodies as well as their igg subclass distribution in a series of 38 patients with guillain-barré syndrome. in 7 sera elevated titres of igg anti-gm1 antibodies could be detected. with respect to affinity there were two distinct groups of anti-gm1 antibodies: one group was of high affinity and did not cross-react with other glycolipids; the other group was of low affinity and cross-reacted with asialo-gm1. igg1 was the predominant an ...19968964918
[evolution of susceptibilities of campylobacter jejuni isolated from diarrhoeal cases to fluoroquinolones in tokyo].recently, the increase in the number of resistant strains of campylobacter jejuni to fluoroquinolone has been reported in european countries. we also studied antimicrobial susceptibilities of 600 clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni isolated during a 6 year period from 1989 through 1994 in four tokyo metropolitan hospitals. the susceptibility to 6 antimicrobial agents, norfloxacin (nflx), ofloxacin (oflx), ciprofloxacin (cpfx), nalidixic acid (na), erythromycin (em) and tetracycline (tc) we ...19969011115
[water-borne campylobacter infection--probably caused by pink-footed geese. two outbreaks in nord-trøndelag, stjørtdal in 1994 and verdal in 1995].the authors describe two water-borne outbreaks of campylobacter gastroenteritis that occurred in central norway in 1994 and 1995. the epidemics were probably caused by contamination of drinking water by the stools of pink-footed geese on the way from svalbard to germany-netherlands. campylobacter jejuni from the stools of the geese was transmitted to the population via untreated drinking water, causing disease in 50% of the population. about 1,000 persons suffered from gastroenteritis caused by ...19969011997
[colonic ulcers caused by campylobacter jejuni in a patient with hiv infection]. 19968924483
[probable nature of rickettsia prowazekii virulence].a 29.5 kda outer membrane protein (ompb) of r. prowazekii virulent breinl strain is known to differ from its counterpart in attenuated madrid e strain, while ompb of this latter one and of its virulent variant evir coincide in mobility. the infectivity of these strains for macrophages was previously shown to be different as well, and to correlate with their virulence. previously cloned r. prowazekii breinl strain, 1.644-bp insert from lambda gtll recombinant expressing as ompb in inducer-indepen ...19968927063
pathogenic micro-organisms in slaughterhouse sludge--a survey.during slaughtering of animals and subsequent meat processing the process water used becomes polluted with organic matter of animal origin (i.e. protein and fat). this organic sludge is, in principle, a product suitable for animal feeding. to investigate the microbiological contamination level of sludge, raw sludge was collected at pig (n = 8) and poultry (n = 5) slaughterhouses. both flocculated and aerobically activated sludge was monitored. slaughterhouse sludge was heavily contaminated with ...19968930709
construction of a ferritin-deficient mutant of campylobacter jejuni: contribution of ferritin to iron storage and protection against oxidative stress.the ferritin-encoding gene (cft) of campylobacter jejuni was cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence of cft had a 501 bp open reading frame for a protein with 167 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 19 180 da, and showed a high similarity to that of helicobacter pylori and escherichia coli ferritin genes. to determine the biological function of ferritin in c. jejuni, a ferritin-deficient mutant was constructed. the growth of ferritin-deficient strain sna 1 was clearly inhibited u ...19968809765
pcr-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis and serotyping of campylobacter jejuni isolates from diarrheic patients in china and japan.a molecular typing approach for campylobacter jejuni was applied with restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of a 702-bp pcr-amplified portion of the flagellin-a (flaa) gene. we analyzed a total of 179 strains, including 69 independent clinical isolates from diarrheic patients in japan, 85 isolates in china, and 25 heat-stable (hs) serotype strains by penner and hennessy (1980) j. clin. microbiol. 12, 732-737). six afai, seven mboi, and five haeiii rflps were found in the 702-b ...19968810495
expanded genomic map of campylobacter jejuni ua580 and localization of 23s ribosomal rrna genes by i-ceui restriction endonuclease digestion.the genomic map of campylobacter jejuni ua580 was expanded and more precisely constructed using i-ceui, sal/i and smai restriction endonucleases in conjunction with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the presence of three fragments after digestion with i-ceui confirmed the presence of three copies of the 23s ribosomal rrna (rrl) gene. the genome size of campylobacter jejuni ua580 was determined to be 1725 +/- 5.9 kbp by i-ceui with fragment sizes of 1053 +/- 4.4, 361 +/- 2.7 and 311 +/- 3. ...19968810506
dna fingerprinting and serotyping of campylobacter jejuni isolates from epidemic outbreaks.the aim of the present investigation was to compare dna fingerprinting and serotyping (heat-stabile and heat-labile antigens) of isolates from epidemic outbreaks as well as of solitary isolates. campylobacter jejuni isolates from two epidemic outbreaks in sweden, one milkborne (35 isolates) and one waterborne (17 isolates), and one waterborne outbreak in norway (11 isolates), as well as 30 solitary isolates from swedish patients with gastroenteritis, were analyzed. a total of 93 isolates were an ...19968815103
a rapid, colourimetric assay for cytotoxin activity in campylobacter jejuni.cell extracts and culture supernates of campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 and three isolates from faecal samples from patients with enteritis were tested for cytotoxic activity on hela and vero cells using a sensitive and rapid dye reduction assay which represents a simple assay for cytotoxin activity that can be assessed visually or spectrophotometrically in the wells of microplates. the assay was as sensitive as trypan blue exclusion and did not require the use of radioisotopes. a low level of c ...19968821400
fatal septic shock with multiple organ failure due to campylobacter jejuni. 19968824999
experimental hepatitis induced by campylobacter jejuni infection in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).to establish an experimental model for vibrionic hepatitis caused by campylobacter jejuni, japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) were inoculated with c. jejuni strains isolated from chicken hepatitis (bl107) and human diarrhea (hp5113). necrotic liver lesions were formed by intra-pancreaticoduodenal vein injection by which the bacteria reached the liver directly via the portal vein, but not by intra-gastric infection. these liver lesions were observed from day 1 to 7 after the infection. ...19968777226
infection with ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter jejuni in travellers returning from asia. 19968781891
antimicrobial activity of rifabutin.rifabutin is a spiro-piperidyl-rifamycin derived from rifamycin-s. it is structurally related to rifampin and shares many of its properties. rifabutin has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. it is considerably more active than rifampin in vitro against the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), mycobacterium tuberculosis, and mycobacterium leprae. it also is active against most atypical mycobacteria, including mycobacterium kansasii, but mycobacterium chelonae is relatively resistant. rifabu ...19968785253
comprehensive ribotyping scheme for heat-stable serotypes of campylobacter jejuni.strains from diverse sources belonging to all 47 heat-stable penner serotypes of campylobacter jejuni were examined for polymorphism around the 16s rrna genes. penner serotype reference strains and a group of nonserotypeable isolates were included in the study. complete typeability was obtained; 30 distinct psti and 42 haeiii polymorphisms were found. three bands were detected in almost all strains with these enzymes, confirming that three copies of the 16s rrna gene are typical for c.jejuni. by ...19968788998
analysis of hl and o serotypes of campylobacter strains by the flagellin gene typing system.we recently developed a molecular typing system for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli based on restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the flagellin gene,flaa (i.nachamkin, k. bohachick, and c.m. patton, j. clin. microbiol. 31:1531-1536, 1993). we extended the typing system to 83 flagellin types (designated flaa-1,flaa-2, etc.) on the basis of analysis of 404 isolates of c. jejuni and c. coli including common serotypes isolated in the united states, a selection of less com ...19968789000
an environmentally regulated pilus-like appendage involved in campylobacter pathogenesis.examination of strains of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter fetus by electron microscopy revealed that they produced peritrichous pilus-like appendages when the bacteria were grown in the presence of bile salts. various bile-salt supplements were used and it was found that deoxycholate and chenodeoxycholic acid caused a significant enhancement of pilus production and resulted in a highly aggregative phenotype. morphologically, the pili were between 4 and 7 nm in width a ...19968793884
experimental campylobacter jejuni infection in the chicken: an animal model of axonal guillain-barré syndrome.to develop and characterise an animal model of paralytic neuropathy after campylobacter jejuni infection. campylobacter infection precedes development of many cases of guillain-barré syndrome and is particularly associated with cases having prominent axonal degeneration. understanding the pathogenesis of guillain-barré syndrome after c jejuni infection has been slowed by the lack of animal models.19968795599
cytomegalovirus infection and guillain-barré syndrome: the clinical, electrophysiologic, and prognostic features. dutch guillain-barré study group.guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is usually preceded by infections, in particular cytomegalovirus (cmv) and campylobacter jejuni infection. we studied the clinical and electrophysiologic features of 20 cmv-associated gbs patients and compared the findings with earlier established data of c. jejuni-related gbs patients (n = 43) and of gbs patients without these infections (n = 71). the patients all participated in the dutch gbs trial in which we compared the effect of intravenous immune globulins an ...19968797462
transcription of the campylobacter jejuni cell division gene ftsa.as part of a study of genes whose transcription is maintained in stationary phase, cloned segments of dna were selected from a lambda zap ii library of campylobacter jejuni nctc 11,168. one such clone was found to encode a homologue of the escherichia coli cell division gene ftsa. examination of mrna by transcription mapping revealed that the campylobacter gene has one major and three minor transcription start sites. there were several significant differences in the structure and organisation of ...19968807806
a study of nosocomial diarrhea in calcutta.nosocomial infection is a major problem in hospitalized patients, particularly those who are debilitated. these infections may manifest as diarrhea. the spectrum of infections agents causing nosocomial diarrhea in our country is not known.19968840619
detection of campylobacter jejuni/c.coli infection in patients with guillain-barré syndrome by serology and culture.serum samples from 43 cases of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), 32 non-gbs neurology patients, and 35 healthy persons from a medical institute in kerala, india, were tested for antibody levels against a campylobacter jejuni strain penner serotype 0:19 by agglutination and elisa. twenty-six percent of samples from gbs cases showed high antibody levels in all assays. of 8 stool samples of new gbs cases examined by culture, 38% were positive for c. jejuni/c. col1. the results suggest that at least a ...19968841044
antimicrobial susceptibilities of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli to 12 beta-lactam agents and combinations with beta-lactamase inhibitors.the in vitro activities of 12 beta-lactam agents against 100 thermophilic campylobacter strains were tested. beta-lactamase production was detected in 88% of all strains tested. clavulanic acid was the best inhibitor by susceptibility testing. the beta-lactams which displayed high levels of in vitro activity against campylobacter isolates were imipenem, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and cefepime and, to a lesser degree, amoxicillin, ampicillin, and cefotaxime.19968843305
early nodal changes in the acute motor axonal neuropathy pattern of the guillain-barré syndrome.the axonal patterns of guillain-barré syndrome, associated in many cases with antecedent campylobacter jejuni infection, are now recognized as frequent causes of acute flaccid paralysis in some regions of the world. this study examined ultrastructurally the pns of seven cases of the acute motor axonal neuropathy form of guillain-barré syndrome. in this disorder previous studies of advanced cases have found wallerian-like degeneration of motor fibres in the spinal roots and peripheral nerves, wit ...19968852937
assessment of the dose-response relationship of campylobacter jejuni.mathematical relations describing the risk of infection after exposure to enteropathogens are important tools for the evaluation of the potential health risk from exposure via food and water. a quantitative description of the dose-response relation for campylobacter jejuni with the beta-poisson model was fitted to experimental data of infection with campylobacter jejuni (as determined by shedding of c. jejuni) obtained in human feeding studies performed by black et al. (1988). the maximum likeli ...19968856377
sequential development of resistance to fluoroquinolones and erythromycin in an isolate of campylobacter jejuni.a severe episode of campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis in a patient with hiv infection was treated with ciprofloxacin and, because of therapeutic failure, subsequently with roxithromycin. after treatment, c. jejuni was again isolated from feces and shown to be resistant to both drugs. we present molecular evidence of the sequential development of both types of resistance in the patient isolate. to our knowledge, this is the first case with documented evidence showing sequential emergence of re ...19968861869
pcr-rflp analysis of the large subunit (23s) ribosomal rna genes of campylobacter jejuni.forty-seven strains of campylobacter jejuni were examined by pcr-rflp analysis of 23s rrna genes. seven different molecular profiles were detected by a combination of hpaii alui and ddei digest analysis. most (83%) strains, including those with different penner serotypes and from different hosts, had the same molecular profiles. the high level of conservation apparent within the 23s rdna sequences confirmed their value as targets in species-specific pcr identification assays but not for subtypic ...19968862021
sub-typing of animal and human campylobacter spp. using rapd.based on a 10-mer primer (5'-cctgttagcc-3'), a random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method for typing campylobacter coli isolated from pigs was developed. the method proved effective with a high discrimination and good reproducibility. in contrast with serotyping no untypable strains were found out of a total of 269 isolates (veterinary, food and clinical) examined. the method was also successfully applied to typing campylobacter jejuni from a similar range of sources.19968862022
autoantibodies to peripheral nerve glycosphingolipids spg, slpg, and sgpg in guillain-barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.unlike cns myelin, human peripheral nerve myelin has the acidic glycosphingolipids sialosyl paragloboside (spg), sialosyl lactosaminyl paragloboside (slpg), and sulfated glucuronyl paragloboside (sgpg). to elucidate the pathogenesis of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy (cidp), we investigated the autoantibodies to peripheral nerve molecules in patients with these diseases and compared the frequency of the autoantibodies with that of autoantibody to g ...19968862128
campylobacter bacteremia in children.to describe clinical and laboratory data for, and to propose pathogenesis and management of, children from impoverished communities with campylobacter bacteremia.19968866805
the application of genotyping techniques to the epidemiological analysis of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni serogroup reference strains and collections of sporadic and outbreak-associated isolates were examined for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps), using c. jejuni random chromosomal and 16s rrna gene probes. a collection of 48 penner (hs) and 14 lior (hl) serogroup reference strains, plus 10 clinical isolates, generated 35 rflp and 26 ribotype patterns. in combination the two loci generated 48 distinct genotypes. both probes were able to differentiate between cert ...19968870620
repetitive and arbitrary primer dna sequences in pcr-mediated fingerprinting of outbreak and sporadic isolates of campylobacter jejuni.pcr-mediated fingerprinting with combined repetitive and arbitrary dna primers (eric-2 and 1026) was used to type campylobacter jejuni from a milk-associated outbreak, and from sporadic cases of the same and allied hs serotypes. the 14 outbreak strains had identical or similar dna band profiles whereas the 25 strains from sporadic infections were more heterogeneous with 18 different dna profiles. although pcr-based dna fingerprints lacked serotype specificity, the method was fast, simple to perf ...19968871111
acute motor axonal neuropathy: an antibody-mediated attack on axolemma.the acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman) form of the guillain-barre syndrome is a paralytic disorder of abrupt onset characterized pathologically by motor nerve fiber degeneration of variable severity and by sparing of sensory fibers. there is little demyelination or lymphocytic inflammation. most cases have antecedent infection with campylobacter jejuni and many have antibodies directed toward gm1 ganglioside-like epitopes, but the mechanism of nerve-fiber injury has not been defined. in 7 fata ...19968871584
an unusual case of refractory campylobacter jejuni infection in a patient with x-linked agammaglobulinemia: successful combined therapy with maternal plasma and ciprofloxacin.an unusual hippurate-negative strain of campylobacter jejuni caused a chronic refractory infection in a patient with x-linked agammaglobulinemia; this infection persisted for > 2 years despite therapy with various antibiotics and immunoglobulins (igs). to characterize the defense status of this patient, several in vitro studies, including those with t cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnls), were performed. t cell responses specific for c. jejuni were only weak in this patient. chemilumin ...19968879775
effector mechanisms in demyelinating neuropathies.while the cause of the immune-mediated neuropathies (guillain-barr-e syndrome, gbs; cidp; multi-focal motor neuropathy and paraproteinemic neuropathies) remains elusive considerable progress has been made in delineating the effector mechanisms that underlie myelin destruction. in gbs circulating antibodies to glycolipids possibly precipitated by an antecedent campylobacter jejuni infection can be detected with high frequency. these antibodies may interfere with neuromuscular transmission and eve ...19968881423
[guillain-barré syndrome: development of concepts].the features initially described by guillain et barré have been updated through the proposal of precise criteria even if a number of questions remain. hundred of works have contributed to the evolution of these concepts. this paper is a summary of several opinions: 1. from nerve inflammation (lesions have been progressively analysed) to dysimmunity (with a combination of humoral and cellular dysimmunity), 2. the most frequent initial factors seems campylobacter jejuni with particular clinical co ...19968881425
the guillain-barré syndrome; pathogenesis and treatment.the guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is an acute immune mediated polyneuropathy. diagnosis of clinically defined gbs is based upon symmetrical weakness developing within 4, but usually within 2 weeks and disappearance of myotatic reflexes. there is a large variability in clinical expression, including bulbar variants. also laboratory characteristics may vary. therefore, at present, diagnosis is based on the clinical parameters. in the individual patient characteristics of emg, immunological and mic ...19968881429
isolation and characterisation of t lymphocytes from sural nerve biopsies in patients with guillain-barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.to characterise cultured t lymphocytes from nerve biopsies in patients with guillain-barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (cidp).19968890774
dirithromycin: a new macrolide.to review the clinical microbiology and therapeutic use of dirithromycin, emphasizing comparative data between dirithromycin and the standard macrolide erythromycin, as well as clarithromycin and azithromycin.19968893122
immunisation of chickens to reduce intestinal colonisation with campylobacter jejuni.1. systemic and intestinal antibody titres were measured in chickens following subcutaneous, intraperitoneal (i.p.), oral (p.o.) and combined i.p./p.o. administration of antigen, in soluble, emulsified or microparticulate form. antigens tested included keyhole limpet haemocyanin (klh), killed campylobacter jejuni whole cells and purified campylobacter flagellin protein. 2. the effect of immunisation with purified flagellin protein or with killed c. jejuni whole cells in reducing intestinal colon ...19968894221
the lipooligosaccharides of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria.lipooligosaccharides (loss) are the major glycolipids expressed on mucosal gram-negative bacteria, including members of the genera neisseria, haemophilus, bordetella, and branhamella. they can also be expressed on some enteric bacteria such as campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains. los is analogous to the lipopolysaccharide (lps) found in other gram-negative families. loss share similar lipid a structures with an identical array of functional activities as lpss. loss lack o-antigen ...19968894399
the immunopathology of guillain-barré syndrome.identification of new antigens in different patterns of guillain-barré syndrome has led to new pathophysiological concepts of guillain-barré syndrome and the related miller-fisher syndrome. patients with guillain-barré syndrome occurring after campylobacter jejuni infection have been found to develop more frequently axonal and motor forms of the syndrome. anti-gm1 antibodies decreased na+ current in the presence of complement. in acute axonal guillain-barré syndrome, macrophages were found in th ...19968894406
host signal transduction and endocytosis of campylobacter jejuni.caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations found in a variety of mammalian cells and are implicated in clathrin-independent endocytosis and signal transduction. here we show that pretreatment of caco-2 cell monolayers with filipin iii, which disrupts caveolae by chelating cholesterol, significantly reduces the ability of campylobacter jejuni to enter these cells. furthermore inhibitors of host protein tyrosine phosphorylation, the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (pl 3-kinase) inhibitor wortmannin, ...19968905618
helicobacter pylori increases proliferation of gastric epithelial cells.the direct and indirect effects of helicobacter pylori on cell kinetics of gastric epithelial cell line ags were investigated by flow cytometric analysis of ki-67 positive cells and by mtt assay. flow cytometric analysis of ki-67 positivity permits detection of cells that are in s-phase, whereas the mtt assay is a colometric measure of the number of viable cells. in the absence of added stimulants, 23.06 (4.88)% mean (sd) of ags cells were ki-67 positive. when cells were preincubated in the pres ...19968566853
[infectious gastroenteritis in relapses of inflammatory bowel disease. therapeutic implications].the incidence and clinical importance of infectious gastroenteritis was studied in 67 consecutive relapses of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). a stool culture was done in every case before starting treatment. stool culture was positive in 6 relapses (8.9%): four were exacerbations of ulcerative colitis and two of crohn's disease (8.8% in ulcerative colitis vs 9% in crohn's disease; ns). the microorganisms isolated were campylobacter jejuni in three cases, salmonella enteritidis in two and staph ...19968755323
miller-fisher syndrome associated with campylobacter jejuni bearing lipopolysaccharide molecules that mimic human ganglioside gd3.a campylobacter jejuni strain of serotype o:10 was isolated from a patient who had miller-fisher syndrome. in its biochemical reactions and cellular morphology, the isolate was characteristic of typical c. jejuni. antibodies against extracted lipopolysaccharide (lps) were detected by passive hemagglutination in the acute- and convalescent-phase patient sera. by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with the o:10 antiserum, it was demonstrated that the strai ...19968757818
increased colonization potential of campylobacter jejuni strain 81116 after passage through chickens and its implication on the rate of transmission within flocks.the mechanisms by which campylobacter jejuni rapidly spreads through large broiler flocks are unknown. recent evidence suggests that the minimum infective oral dose for 100% caecal colonization is about 10(4) cfu, which, with such a 'fragile' organism, may limit transmissibility. however, the colonization potential of laboratory-adapted strains may be anomalous compared with fresh isolates or those passaged in vivo. the colonization potential of two chicken and one human c. jejuni isolates, whic ...19968760971
campylobacter jejuni infections and anti-gm1 antibodies in guillain-barré syndrome.the group of patients with guillain-barr'e syndrome (gbs) is very heterogenous with regard to antecedent infections, immunological parameters, clinical manifestations, and response to treatment. in this study, the presumed pathogenic factors anti-gm1 antibodies and campylobacter jejuni infections were related to the clinical characteristics. serum from 154 patients with gbs, 63 patients with other neurological diseases (ond), and 50 normal controls (nc) were tested for the presence of antibodies ...19968773599
interactions between campylobacter jejuni and lipids.we previously showed that motility plays several key roles in campylobacter jejuni pathogenesis, including increasing the efficiency of c. jejuni attachment to host epithelial cells. to further characterize c. jejuni attachment, we first examined the role of carbohydrates. experiments with chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell mutants with defined defects in complex carbohydrate biosynthesis revealed that oligosaccharide sequences probably play a subordinate role in c. jejuni attachment to eukaryotic ...19968751886
molecular characterization of a campylobacter jejuni 29-kilodalton periplasmic binding protein.campylobacter jejuni, a gram-negative, microaerophilic, spiral bacterium, is a common cause of human gastrointestinal disease. although investigators commonly use c. jejuni glycine-hydrochloride extracts in assays to determine the products that promote the binding of the organism to eukaryotic cells, the proteins contained within these extracts remain ill defined. characterization of these proteins will provide a better understanding of c. jejuni gene regulation and organization. an antiserum wa ...19968751896
molecular cloning and site-specific mutagenesis of a gene involved in arylsulfatase production in campylobacter jejuni.the arylsulfatase gene from campylobacter jejuni 81-176 encodes a predicted protein of 69,293 da which shows no sequence similarity with other known arylsulfatases. the gene hybridizes to other ast+ strains of c. jejuni and campylobacter sputorum subsp. bubulus, as well as to many ast- strains of c. jejuni.19968655516
campylobactery jejuni infection and treatment for guillain-barré syndrome. 19968657230
ciprofloxacin resistant campylobacter spp. in humans: an epidemiological and laboratory study.from the end of april 1991 until the end of 1991, 2209 isolates of campylobacter spp. have been collected in plymouth phl of which 91 (4.1%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. none of the 91 patients involved had taken a quinolone, but 30/91 (33%) had travelled abroad (16 to the iberian peninsula) in the three months preceding isolation of the ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter spp. in the case-control study 12/15 (80%) of the cases had recently consumed poultry as had 20/24 (83%) of controls w ...19968722540
restriction fragment length polymorphism of flagellin genes of campylobacter jejuni and/or c. coli isolates from egypt.the conservation of flagellin genes from thermophilic campylobacter spp. strains isolated in egypt was evaluated by a restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) assay. the flaa and flab genes were amplified from 59 independent clinical isolates and digested with ecori and psti, and the resulting patterns were compared with each other and with previously described rflp groups. the results indicate that the isolates fell into 14 groups for flaa and 11 groups for flab, 9 of which have been des ...19968727905
detection of ciprofloxacin resistance mutations in campylobacter jejuni gyra by nonradioisotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism and direct dna sequencing.a total of 27 strains of campylobacter jejuni (24 clinical strains and three laboratory strains) were examined for the presence of point mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (qrdr) of gyra gene by nonradioisotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism (non-ri sscp) analysis with silver stain. direct dna sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified dna fragments confirmed the results obtained by non-ri sscp analysis and revealed that in clinical strains high-l ...19968731499
detection and molecular typing of campylobacter jejuni in fecal samples by polymerase chain reaction.in order to determine whether polymerase chain reaction (pcr) could be used to detect campylobacter jejuni directly in stool samples, dna from 66 frozen culture positive and negative fecal samples was purified by column chromatography. the flaa gene was amplified using primers directed against the conserved 5' and 3' regions and produced a 1.7 kb amplicon. fifteen of 18 (83%) c. jejuni culture positive samples were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. the test w ...19968737390
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