Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| clinical and epidemiological characteristics of novel ahin1 flu. | swine influenza is respiratory infection caused by virus influenza a h1n1. | 2011 | 21534444 |
| dynamic variations in the peripheral blood lymphocyte subgroups of patients with 2009 pandemic h1n1 swine-origin influenza a virus infection. | abstract: | 2011 | 21569236 |
| the use of twitter to track levels of disease activity and public concern in the u.s. during the influenza a h1n1 pandemic. | twitter is a free social networking and micro-blogging service that enables its millions of users to send and read each other's "tweets," or short, 140-character messages. the service has more than 190 million registered users and processes about 55 million tweets per day. useful information about news and geopolitical events lies embedded in the twitter stream, which embodies, in the aggregate, twitter users' perspectives and reactions to current events. by virtue of sheer volume, content embed ... | 2011 | 21573238 |
| profile of h1n1 infection in a tertiary care center. | background: a novel swine origin influenza virus (h1n1) is spreading worldwide and threatens to become pandemic.h1n1 critical illness mostly affects young patients and is often fatal. aim: the aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical characteristic of h1n1 infection in a tertiary care hospital. materials and methods: a total of 92 nasal and pharyngeal swabs from suspected cases of swine flu were processed by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr). result: ... | 2011 | 21623082 |
| estimating background rates of guillain-barre syndrome in ontario in order to respond to safety concerns during pandemic h1n1/09 immunization campaign. | abstract: background: the province of ontario, canada initiated mass immunization clinics with adjuvanted pandemic h1n1 influenza vaccine in october 2009. due to the campaign's scale, temporal associations with guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) and vaccination were expected. the objectives of this analysis were to estimate the number of background gbs cases expected to occur in the projected vaccinated population and to estimate the number of additional gbs cases which would be expected if an associ ... | 2011 | 21586163 |
| follow-up after acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by influenza a (h1n1) virus infection. | there are no reports on the long-term follow-up of patients with swine-origin influenza a virus infection that progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome. | 2011 | 21808854 |
| putative amino acid determinants of the emergence of the 2009 influenza a (h1n1) virus in the human population. | the emergence of the unique h1n1 influenza a virus in 2009 resulted in a pandemic that has spread to over 200 countries. the constellation of molecular factors leading to the emergence of this strain is still unclear. using a computational approach, we identified molecular determinants that may discriminate the hemagglutinin protein of the 2009 human pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) strain from that of other h1n1 strains. as expected, positions discriminating the ph1n1 from seasonal human strains were loca ... | 2011 | 21808039 |
| comparative pathology in ferrets infected with h1n1 influenza a viruses isolated from different hosts. | virus replication and pulmonary disease pathogenesis in ferrets following intranasal infection with a pandemic influenza strain (a/california/4/09; ca09), a human seasonal influenza h1n1 isolate (a/new caledonia/20/99; ncal99), a classical swine influenza h1n1 isolate (a/swine/iowa/15/30; sw30), or an avian h1n1 isolate (a/mallard/mn/a108-2355/08; mal08) were compared. nasal wash virus titers were similar for ncal99 and sw30 with peak virus titers of 10(5.1) tcid(50)/ml and 10(5.5) tcid(50)/ml o ... | 2011 | 21593156 |
| the influenza pandemic of 2009: lessons and implications. | influenza is a moving target, which evolves in unexpected directions and is recurrent annually. the 2009 influenza a/h1n1 pandemic virus was unlike the 2009 seasonal virus strains and originated in pigs prior to infecting humans. three strains of viruses gave rise to the pandemic virus by antigenic shift, reassortment, and recombination, which occurred in pigs as 'mixing vessels'. the three strains of viruses had originally been derived from birds, pigs, and humans. the influenza hemagglutinin ( ... | 2011 | 21623644 |
| evolutionary genomics of the pandemic 2009 h1n1 influenza viruses (ph1n 1v). | abstract: background, a new strain of human h1n1 influenza a viruses was broken out in the april 2009 and caused worldwide pandemic emergency. the present study is trying to estimate a temporal reassortment history of 2009 h1n1 viruses by phylogenetic analysis based on total 394 sequences of h1n1viruses isolated from swine, human and aves. results, phylogenetic trees of eight gene segments showed that viruses sampled from human formed a well-supported clade, whereas swine and avian lineages were ... | 2011 | 21600019 |
| genetic characterization of swine influenza viruses (h3n2) isolated from minnesota in 2006-2007. | triple-reassortant (tr) h3n2 swine influenza viruses (siv) are a major cause of respiratory disease in swine worldwide, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. continuous surveillance of circulating siv strains is imperative for effective control and prediction of new emerging strains with interspecies transmission potential. the current study characterized siv isolates from commercial swine population in usa (2006-2007). nine isolates were completely sequenced, and the molecular evolution ... | 2011 | 21603982 |
| swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) viral infection: thoracic findings on ct. | objective: the purpose of this article is to illustrate and describe various ct manifestations of swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) viral infection. conclusion: the imaging findings seen in patients with h1n1 infection include consolidations, ground-glass opacities, interlobular septal thickening, small nodules, and findings suggestive of small airways disease, among others. definitive diagnosis is based on correlation of the ct findings with the clinical symptoms and laboratory test results. | 2011 | 21606260 |
| [aprotinin-induced inhibition of pandemic influenza virus a(h1n1) reproduction]. | infectivity of pandemic influenza virus a(h1n1) infectivity is shown to be activated through proteolytic cleavage of hemagglutinin ha0 --> ha1 + ha2 during virus propagation in the human intestinal cell line caco-2 and chicken embryonated eggs. injection of aprotinin, a natural serine protease inhibitor, into the liquid culture or allantoic cavity of chicken embryos inhibited the proteolysis of the viral ha0 and suppressed the proteolytic activation of the synthesized virus and its multicycle re ... | 2011 | 21786623 |
| [etiotropic therapy of influenza: lessons from the last pandemic]. | analysis of the experience gained during the last pandemic of 'swine' influenza a (h1n1) sw1 is presented with reference to clinical studies and etiotropic therapy. the mechanism of development of severe pneumonia as a result of mutations at the binding site of hemagglutinin receptor enhancing a2'-3'-sialoside specificity and pneumotropism of the virus is described. the data on the efficiency of ingavirin, a new russian antiviral for the treatment of influenza, are reported. | 2011 | 21786595 |
| outbreak of pandemic influenza (h1n1) 2009 in pigs in korea. | 2011 | 21610000 | |
| a novel monoclonal antibody effective against lethal challenge with swine-lineage and 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza viruses in mice. | the ha protein of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 viruses (h1n1pdm) is antigenically closely related to the ha of classical north american swine h1n1 influenza viruses (ch1n1). since 1998, through mutation and reassortment of ha genes from human h3n2 and h1n1 influenza viruses, swine influenza strains are undergoing substantial antigenic drift and shift. in this report we describe the development of a novel monoclonal antibody (s-oiv-3b2) that shows high hemagglutination inhibition (hi) and neutralizatio ... | 2011 | 21774955 |
| role for proteases and hla-g in the pathogenicity of influenza a viruses. | influenza is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans occurring as seasonal epidemic and sporadic pandemic outbreaks. the ongoing infections of humans with avian h5n1 influenza a viruses (iav) and the past 2009 pandemic caused by the quadruple human/avian/swine reassortant (h1n1) virus highlights the permanent threat caused by these viruses. this review aims to describe the interaction between the virus and the host, with a particular focus on the role of proteases and hla-g in the p ... | 2011 | 21612979 |
| response to the 2009 pandemic: effect on influenza control in wealthy and poor countries. | the declaration by the world health organization (who) that appearance of a swine-origin novel influenza virus in 2009 represented a pandemic was based on previously adopted guidelines and the new international health regulations. severity of the pandemic was not part of the definition used, but it was stated to be less than severe at the time of declaration. it was necessary, when there was still uncertainty about the overall impact of the pandemic, for vaccine production to begin to have timel ... | 2011 | 21763381 |
| long-term evolution and transmission dynamics of swine influenza a virus. | swine influenza a viruses (swiv) cause significant economic losses in animal husbandry as well as instances of human disease and occasionally give rise to human pandemics, including that caused by the h1n1/2009 virus. the lack of systematic and longitudinal influenza surveillance in pigs has hampered attempts to reconstruct the origins of this pandemic. most existing swine data were derived from opportunistic samples collected from diseased pigs in disparate geographical regions, not from prospe ... | 2011 | 21614079 |
| study of specific oligosaccharide structures related with swine flu (h1n1) and avian flu, and tamiflu as their remedy. | the infection of pandemic influenza viruses such as swine flu (h1n1) and avian flu viruses to the host cells is related to the following two factors: first, the surface protein such as ha (hemagglutinin) and na (neuraminidase) of the influenza virus. second, the specific structure of the oligosaccharide [sialic acid(alpha2-6) galactose(beta1-4)glucose or sialic acid(alpha2-3)galactose(beta1-4)glucose] on the host cell. after recognizing the specific structure of the oligosaccharide on the surfac ... | 2011 | 21617340 |
| feasibility of inter-hospital transportation using extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) support of patients affected by severe swine-flu(h1n1)-related ards. | abstract: background: to describe the organization of an ecmo-centre from triage by telephone to the phase of inter-hospital transportation with ecmo of patients affected by h1n1-induced ards, describing techniques and equipment used. methods: from september 2009 to january 2010, 18 patients with h1n1-induced ards were referred to our ecmo-centre from other hospitals. six patients had contraindications to treatment with ecmo and remained in the local hospital. twelve patients were transported to ... | 2011 | 21619644 |
| [effect of antiviral drugs with various mechanisms of action on morphogenesis of infection caused by extremely pathogenic influenza virus strains in animals]. | the effect of meglumine salt of acridonoacetic acid (cycloferon) on the in vivo morphogenesis of influenza infection caused by viruses of different origin (avian, swine and human) and variable susceptibility to antivirals (rimantadine and oseltamivir) has been studied. the administration of cycloferon results in stimulation of the immune response, restriction of the foci of post-influenza pneumonia, and normalization of the structure of respiratory zones independently of the susceptibility or re ... | 2011 | 21598632 |
| swine flu mimicking acute abdomen in pregnancy. | 2011 | 21627432 | |
| cardiac conduction system affection in a case of swine flu. | we present a case of swine flu presenting as bilateral pneumonia with involvement of cardiac conduction system in the form of increased pr interval and sinus bradycardia during the initial course of disease process. to the best of our knowledge, affection of conducting system in a case of swine flu has not been reported in the literature so far. | 2011 | 21751667 |
| case series study of the clinical profile of h1n1 swine flu influenza. | to study the clinical profile of the h1n1 influenza cases attending government hospitals in south india and to study the impact of h1n1 infection on pregnancy outcome. | 2011 | 21751659 |
| swine influenza virus a (h3n2) infection in human, kansas, usa, 2009. | to the editor: triple-reassortant swine influenza viruses (sivs), which contain genes from human, swine, and avian influenza a viruses, have been enzootic among swine herds in the united states since the late 1990s (1). although uncommon, occasional transmission of triple-reassortant sivs from swine to humans has occurred (2-4). before april 2009, only limited, nonsustained human-to-human transmission of sivs had been reported (5-7). although an animal source for pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus has y ... | 2011 | 21749798 |
| pandemic response lessons from influenza h1n1 2009 in asia. | during april 2009, a novel h1n1 influenza a virus strain was identified in mexico and the united states of america. within weeks the virus had spread globally and the first pandemic of the 21(st) century had been declared. it is unlikely to be the last and it is crucial that real lessons are learned from the experience. asia is considered a hot spot for the emergence of new pathogens including past influenza pandemics. on this occasion whilst preparing for an avian, highly virulent influenza vir ... | 2011 | 21627715 |
| virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome caused by pandemic swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) in a patient after unrelated bone marrow transplantation. | 2011 | 21628863 | |
| when ordinary days become extraordinary: the response to h1n1 at the izaak walton killam health centre. | in april 2009, the h1n1 swine flu virus entered canada with a sentinel case presenting in a private school in windsor, nova scotia, signaling the beginning of wave 1 of a pandemic. by june, the world health organization raised the alert level to 6. wave 2 was expected in 4 to 6 months. between waves, the iwk took the opportunity to revise pandemic plans that had been prepared for the h5n1 avian influenza virus to ensure that the organization would be prepared for the emergency response that woul ... | 2011 | 21630622 |
| mf59 adjuvant enhances diversity and affinity of antibody-mediated immune response to pandemic influenza vaccines. | oil-in-water adjuvants have been shown to improve immune responses against pandemic influenza vaccines as well as reduce the effective vaccine dose, increasing the number of doses available to meet global vaccine demand. here, we use genome fragment phage display libraries and surface plasmon resonance to elucidate the effects of mf59 on the quantity, diversity, specificity, and affinity maturation of human antibody responses to the swine-origin h1n1 vaccine in different age groups. in adults an ... | 2011 | 21632986 |
| international disease monitoring, october to december, 2010. | african swine fever in the caucasus and leningrad regions of russia. equine infectious anaemia in several eu member states. foot-and-mouth disease in bulgaria--the first in an eu member state since 2007. highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 in the far east. west nile virus in southern europe. these are among matters discussed in the international disease monitoring report for october to december 2010, prepared by defra's food and farming group, veterinary science team. | 2011 | 21634047 |
| compatibility of h9n2 avian influenza surface genes and 2009 pandemic h1n1 internal genes for transmission in the ferret model. | in 2009, a novel h1n1 influenza (ph1n1) virus caused the first influenza pandemic in 40 y. the virus was identified as a triple reassortant between avian, swine, and human influenza viruses, highlighting the importance of reassortment in the generation of viruses with pandemic potential. previously, we showed that a reassortant virus composed of wild-type avian h9n2 surface genes in a seasonal human h3n2 backbone could gain efficient respiratory droplet transmission in the ferret model. here we ... | 2011 | 21730147 |
| molecular epidemiology of novel swine origin influenza virus (s-oiv) from gwalior, india, 2009. | abstract: background: the h1n1pandemic virus is a newly emergent human influenza a virus that is closely related to a number of currently circulating pig viruses in the 'classic north american' and 'eurasian' swine influenza virus lineages and thus referred as s-oiv. since the first reports of the virus in humans in april 2009, h1n1 virus has spread to 168 countries and overseas territories. india also witnessed severe h1n1 pandemic virus epidemic with considerable morbidity and mortality in dif ... | 2011 | 21645421 |
| analysis of influenza a viruses of subtype h1 from wild birds, turkeys and pigs in germany reveals interspecies transmission events. | despite considerable host species barriers, interspecies transmissions of influenza a viruses between wild birds, poultry and pigs have been demonstrated repeatedly. in particular, viruses of the subtypes h1 and h3 were transmitted between pigs and poultry, predominantly turkeys, in regions with a high population density of both species. the recovery of a swine influenza h1n1 virus from a turkey flock in germany in 2009 prompted us to investigate molecularly the subtype h1 viruses recently detec ... | 2011 | 21651738 |
| an equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) vectored h1 vaccine protects against challenge with swine-origin influenza virus h1n1. | in 2009, a novel swine-origin h1n1 influenza a virus (s-oiv), antigenically and genetically divergent from seasonal h1n1, caused a flu pandemic in humans. development of an effective vaccine to limit transmission of s-oiv in animal reservoir hosts and from reservoir hosts to humans and animals is necessary. in the present study, we constructed and evaluated a vectored vaccine expressing the h1 hemagglutinin of a recent s-oiv isolate using equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) as the delivery vehicle. exp ... | 2011 | 21803510 |
| who takes precautionary action in the face of the new h1n1 influenza? prediction of who collects a free hand sanitizer using a health behavior model. | in order to fight the spread of the novel h1n1 influenza, health authorities worldwide called for a change in hygiene behavior. within a longitudinal study, we examined who collected a free bottle of hand sanitizer towards the end of the first swine flu pandemic wave in december 2009. | 2011 | 21789224 |
| neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility of swine influenza a viruses isolated in germany between 1981 and 2008. | european swine influenza a viruses donated the matrix protein 2 as well as the neuraminidase (na) gene to pandemic influenza a (h1n1) viruses that emerged in 2009. as a result, the latter became amantadine resistant and neuraminidase inhibitor (nai) susceptible. these recent developments reflecting the close connection between influenza a virus infection chains in humans and pigs urge an antiviral surveillance within swine influenza a viruses. here, nai susceptibility of 204 serologically typed ... | 2011 | 21688167 |
| community knowledge, risk perception, and preparedness for the 2009 influenza a/h1n1 pandemic. | : to examine public knowledge, perceptions, and preparedness for the 2009 influenza a/h1n1 pandemic. | 2011 | 21788781 |
| a-ágel-capture assay for characterizing the sialyl-glycan selectivity of influenza viruses. | sialic acids (sa) usually linked to galactose (gal) in an +¦2,6- or +¦2,3-configuration are considered the main cell receptors for influenza viruses, in particular for their hemagglutinins (ha). the typing of influenza virus ha receptor selectivity is relevant for understanding the transmissibility of avian and swine viruses to the human population. in this study we developed a simple and inexpensive gel-capture assay (gca) of the influenza virus ha receptor-binding selectivity. its principle is ... | 2011 | 21692561 |
| one-step assay for detecting influenza virus using dynamic light scattering and gold nanoparticles. | herein we detail the development of a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for quantitative detection of influenza a virus using dynamic light scattering (dls) and gold nanoparticle (aunp) labels. influenza-specific antibodies are conjugated to aunps, and aggregation of the aunp probes is induced upon addition of the target virus. dls is used to measure the extent of aggregation and the mean hydrodynamic diameter is correlated to virus concentration. the effects of nanoparticle concentration and ... | 2011 | 21666913 |
| estimation of seroprevalence of the pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza virus using a novel virus-free elisa assay for the detection of specific antibodies. | the pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza a emerged in april 2009 and spread rapidly all over the world. in greece, the first case of the pandemic h1n1 was reported on may 18, 2009, while a considerable increase in the number of cases was noticed at the beginning of july 2009. the need for surveillance of the immune status of the greek population led us to develop a virus-free elisa that specifically recognizes pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza virus antibodies in human sera. the method is based on the use of ... | 2011 | 21668363 |
| experimental transmission of avian-like swine h1n1 influenza virus between immunologically na├»ve and vaccinated pigs. | please cite this paper as: lloyd et┬áal. (2011) experimental transmission of avian-like swine h1n1 influenza virus between immunologically na├»ve and vaccinated pigs. influenza and other respiratory viruses 5(5), 357-364. backgroundôçé infection of pigs with swine influenza has been studied experimentally and in the field; however, little information is available on the natural transmission of this virus in pigs. two studies in an experimental transmission model are presented here, one in immuno ... | 2011 | 21668691 |
| characterization of influenza a outbreaks in minnesota swine herds and measures taken to reduce the risk of zoonotic transmission. | influenza a virus infections commonly cause respiratory disease in swine and can be transmitted between people and pigs, with potentially novel strains introduced into herds and spilling back into the human population. the goals of this study were to characterize influenza infections in minnesota pigs and assess biosecurity measures used by swine workers. veterinarians submitting influenza-positive swine samples to the university of minnesota veterinary diagnostic laboratory between october 2007 ... | 2011 | 21824375 |
| comparison of humoral and cellular immune responses to inactivated swine influenza virus vaccine in weaned pigs. | humoral and cellular immune responses to inactivated swine influenza virus (siv) vaccine were evaluated and compared. fifty 3-week-old weaned pigs were randomly divided into the non-vaccinated control group and vaccinated group containing 25 pigs each. pigs were vaccinated intramuscularly twice with adjuvanted uv-inactivated a/sw/mn/02011/08 (mn/08) h1n2 siv vaccine at 6 and 9 weeks of age. whole blood samples for multi-parameter flow cytometry (mp-fcm) and serum samples for hemagglutination inh ... | 2011 | 21664701 |
| a computational-experimental approach identifies mutations that enhance surface expression of an oseltamivir-resistant influenza neuraminidase. | the his274[formula: see text]tyr (h274y) oseltamivir (tamiflu) resistance mutation causes a substantial decrease in the total levels of surface-expressed neuraminidase protein and activity in early isolates of human seasonal h1n1 influenza, and in the swine-origin pandemic h1n1. in seasonal h1n1, h274y only became widespread after the occurrence of secondary mutations that counteracted this decrease. h274y is currently rare in pandemic h1n1, and it remains unclear whether secondary mutations exi ... | 2011 | 21799795 |
| Transcription analysis on response of swine lung to H1N1 swine influenza virus. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 21819625 |
| ampliPHOX colorimetric detection on a DNA microarray for influenza. | DNA microarrays have emerged as a powerful tool for pathogen detection. For instance, many examples of the ability to type and subtype influenza virus have been demonstrated. The identification and subtyping of influenza on DNA microarrays has applications in both public health and the clinic for early detection, rapid intervention, and minimizing the impact of an influenza pandemic. Traditional fluorescence is currently the most commonly used microarray detection method. However, as microarray ... | 2011 | 21694688 |
| evolutionary dynamics of influenza a nucleoprotein (np) lineages revealed by large-scale sequence analyses. | influenza a viral nucleoprotein (np) plays a critical role in virus replication and host adaptation, however, the underlying molecular evolutionary dynamics of np lineages are less well-understood. in this study, large-scale analyses of 5094 np nucleotide sequences revealed eight distinct evolutionary lineages, including three host-specific lineages (human, classical swine and equine), two cross-host lineages (eurasian avian-like swine and swine-origin human pandemic h1n1 2009) and three geograp ... | 2011 | 21763464 |
| rapid separation and identification of the subtypes of swine and equine influenza a viruses by electromigration techniques with uv and fluorometric detection. | influenza a is viral disease, which is a cause of yearly epidemics and, potentially, pandemics. the conventional techniques used today are equipment-demanding, time-consuming and laborious. recently, we have confirmed that the capillary isoelectric focusing is a suitable fast alternative for the verifying of virus purity. in the wide ph gradient of ph range 2.0-7.5 the isoelectric points for subtypes of equine (h3n8) and swine (h1n2) influenza a viruses were determined approximately as 6.6 and 6 ... | 2011 | 21655602 |
| enhanced pneumonia and disease in pigs vaccinated with an inactivated human-like (d-cluster) h1n2 vaccine and challenged with pandemic 2009 h1n1 influenza virus. | influenza is an economically important respiratory disease affecting swine world-wide with potential zoonotic implications. genetic reassortment and drift has resulted in genetically and antigenically distinct swine influenza viruses (sivs). consequently, prevention of siv infection is challenging due to the increased rate of genetic change and a potential lack of cross-protection between vaccine strains and circulating novel isolates. this report describes a vaccine-heterologous challenge model ... | 2011 | 21310191 |
| identification of an h6n6 swine influenza virus in southern china. | this is the first report of avian-like h6n6 swine influenza virus from swine in southern china. phylogenetic analysis indicated that this virus might originate from domestic ducks. serological surveillance suggested there had been sporadic h6 swine influenza infections in this area. continuing study is required to determine if this virus could be established in the swine population and pose potential threats to public health. | 2011 | 21382518 |
| pneumonia in patients with novel influenza a (h1n1) virus in southeastern turkey. | the objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and the radiological and laboratory findings of the hospitalised patients who had novel, laboratory-confirmed, swine-origin influenza a virus (s-oiv) infection with pneumonia. between october and december 2009, 56 patients hospitalised for pneumonia who were tested for s-oiv infection were retrospectively evaluated. thirty-three patients had positive s-oiv infections. in addition, 23 of the 56 patients who had negative test ... | 2011 | 21318739 |
| molecular mechanisms of interspecies transmission and pathogenicity of influenza viruses: lessons from the 2009 pandemic. | the emergence of the 2009 h1n1 virus pandemic was unexpected, since it had been predicted that the next pandemic would be caused by subtype h5n1. we also had to learn that a pandemic does not necessarily require the introduction of a new virus subtype into the human population, but that it may result from antigenic shift within the same subtype. the new variant was derived from human and animal viruses by genetic reassortment in the pig, supporting the concept that this animal is the mixing vess ... | 2011 | 21319184 |
| pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus revisited: an evolutionary retrospective. | the pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus is unique in many aspects, especially in its genetics and evolution. in this paper, we examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of this novel virus through a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, and present results in the context of a review of the literature. the pandemic virus was found to arise from a reassortment of two swine viruses, each of which ultimately arose from interspecies transmission. it experienced fast evolutionary rates and str ... | 2011 | 21382522 |
| medical faculty and school of health student knowledge of and behavior regarding swine flu and vaccine, in kahramanmaras, turkey. | this study was carried out to determine medical faculty and school of health student knowledge of and behavior regarding swine flu and vaccine. the study was carried out at kahramanmaras sutcuimam university school of health among the medical faculty and students. all 296 students of the kahramanmaras sutcuimam university school of health and 76 students of the faculty of medicine were supposed to participate in the study. ninety-six point one percent of the students in the study know high fever ... | 2011 | 21323179 |
| low-dose interferon type i treatment is effective against h5n1 and swine-origin h1n1 influenza a viruses in vitro and in vivo. | the recent emergence of pandemic swine-origin influenza virus (h1n1) and the severe outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of the h5n1 subtype leading to death in humans is a reminder that influenza remains a frightening foe throughout the world. besides vaccination, there is an urgent need for new antiviral strategies to protect against influenza. the innate immune response to influenza viruses involves production of interferon alpha and beta (ifn-a/ß), which plays a crucial role ... | 2011 | 21323570 |
| a generic system for the expression and purification of soluble and stable influenza neuraminidase. | the influenza surface glycoprotein neuraminidase (na) is essential for the efficient spread of the virus. antiviral drugs such as tamiflu (oseltamivir) and relenza (zanamivir) that inhibit na enzyme activity have been shown to be effective in the treatment of influenza infections. the recent 'swine flu' pandemic and world-wide emergence of tamiflu-resistant seasonal human influenza a(h1n1) h(274)y have highlighted the need for the ongoing development of new anti-virals, efficient production of v ... | 2011 | 21326879 |
| vaccination with a soluble recombinant hemagglutinin trimer protects pigs against a challenge with pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza virus. | in 2009 a new influenza a/h1n1 virus strain ("pandemic (h1n1) 2009", h1n1v) emerged that rapidly spread around the world. the virus is suspected to have originated in swine through reassortment and to have subsequently crossed the species-barrier towards humans. several cases of reintroduction into pigs have since been reported, which could possibly create a reservoir for human exposure or ultimately become endemic in the pig population with similar clinical disease problems as current swine inf ... | 2011 | 21219983 |
| a single intramuscular injection of neuraminidase inhibitor peramivir demonstrates antiviral activity against novel pandemic a/california/04/2009 (h1n1) influenza virus infection in mice. | new and emerging influenza virus strains, such as the pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus require constant vigilance for antiviral drug sensitivity and resistance. efficacy of intramuscularly (im) administered neuraminidase (na) inhibitor, peramivir, was evaluated in mice infected with recently isolated pandemic a/california/04/2009 (h1n1, swine origin, mouse adapted) influenza virus. a single im injection of peramivir (four dose groups), given 1h prior to inoculation, significantly reduced weight ... | 2011 | 21316393 |
| logistics and safety of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in medical retrieval. | this article reviews the logistics and safety of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) medical retrieval in new south wales, australia. | 2011 | 21294633 |
| sudden death of an immunocompetent young adult caused by novel (swine origin) influenza a/h1n1-associated myocarditis. | the main cause of death from novel (swine origin) influenza a/h1n1 infection is acute respiratory distress syndrome. most fatal cases are immunocompromised patients or patients with a severe underlying disease. here, we report a fatal case of acute interstitial myocarditis associated with novel influenza a/h1n1 infection in an immunocompetent young woman. a previously healthy 18-year-old woman experienced malaise, diarrhea, and fever for several days prior to a sudden collapse at home. autopsy r ... | 2011 | 21234762 |
| acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood: a fatal complication of swine flu. | acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (anec) is a rare condition characterized by the presence of multifocal symmetrical brain lesions involving mainly thalami, brainstem, cerebellum and white matter. anec is a serious and life threatening complication of simple viral infections. we present a case of a young child who developed this condition with classical clinical and radiological findings consistent with anec, secondary to swine flu (h1n1). he needed ventilatory support and had profou ... | 2011 | 21333249 |
| nationwide molecular surveillance of pandemic h1n1 influenza a virus genomes: canada, 2009. | in april 2009, a novel triple-reassortant swine influenza a h1n1 virus ("a/h1n1pdm"; also known as soiv) was detected and spread globally as the first influenza pandemic of the 21(st) century. sequencing has since been conducted at an unprecedented rate globally in order to monitor the diversification of this emergent virus and to track mutations that may affect virus behavior. | 2011 | 21249207 |
| pandemic h1n1 influenza virus causes a stronger inflammatory response than seasonal h1n1 influenza virus in ferrets. | a 2009 h1n1 influenza virus pandemic, which had its origin in swine, caused severe illness and mortality in humans. inflammatory responses may be responsible for pathogenesis caused by infection with influenza viruses. to better understand the pathogenic mechanism, clinical signs and inflammatory responses in ferrets infected with the pandemic h1n1 were compared with those caused by seasonal h1n1 influenza virus. ferrets infected with the 2009 pandemic h1n1 virus displayed higher body temperatur ... | 2011 | 21234768 |
| emergence of novel reassortant h3n2 influenza viruses among ducks in china. | during 2006-2009 influenza virus surveillance, three h3n2 viruses were isolated from ducks in central china. sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that most segments of these three isolates had high identity with h3n2 swine isolates in south china. however, for m, the three viruses, along with h1n1 swine isolates of north america, formed a cluster; for pb2, two of these isolates fell into the cluster of the h5n1 duck isolates, indicating a reassortment among h3n2, h1n1 swine viruses and h5 ... | 2011 | 21318308 |
| sialic acid recognition of the pandemic influenza 2009 h1n1 virus: binding mechanism between human receptor and influenza hemagglutinin. | quantum mechanical fragment molecular orbital calculations have been performed for receptor binding of the hemagglutinin protein of the recently pandemic influenza 2009 h1n1, a/swine/iowa/1930, and a/puerto rico/8/1934 viruses to a2-6 linked sialyloligosaccharides, as analogs of human receptors. the strongest receptor binding affinity was observed for the 2009/h1n1pdm. the inter-fragment interaction energy analysis revealed that the amino acid mutation of 2009/h1n1pdm, ser145lys, was a major cau ... | 2011 | 21235490 |
| analytical and clinical validation of novel real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays for the clinical detection of swine-origin h1n1 influenza viruses. | during the early stages of the 2009/2010 swine-origin h1n1 influenza a (s-oiv h1n1 flua) outbreak, the development and validation of sensitive and specific detection methods were a priority for rapid and accurate diagnosis. between may and june 2009, 2 real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) assays targeting the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of the s-oiv h1n1 flua virus were developed. these assays are highly specific, showing no cross-reactivity against a pan ... | 2011 | 21251560 |
| a reporter system for assaying influenza virus rnp functionality based on secreted gaussia luciferase activity. | influenza a virus can infect a wide variety of animal species including humans, pigs, birds and other species. viral ribonucleoprotein (vrnp) was involved in genome replication, transcription and host adaptation. currently, firefly luciferase (fluc) reporter system was used in vrnp functional assay. however, its limitation for the testing by virus infection resulted in an increased need for rapid, sensitive, and biosafe techniques. here, an influenza a virus utr-driven gene reporter for vrnp ass ... | 2011 | 21251302 |
| validity of two rapid point of care influenza tests and direct fluorecence assay in comparison of real time pcr for swine of origin influenza virus. | a novel swine origin influenza virus (s-oiv) is continue to spread worldwide and a global declaration of 2009 influenza pandemic was made by world health organization (who) june 2009, this along with approaching the winter season at the northern hemisphere, increase the interest to provide a quick, easy, affordable and available point of care testing for s-oiv. | 2011 | 21338954 |
| detection of resistance mutations to antivirals oseltamivir and zanamivir in avian influenza a viruses isolated from wild birds. | the neuraminidase (na) inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir are the first-line of defense against potentially fatal variants of influenza a pandemic strains. however, if resistant virus strains start to arise easily or at a high frequency, a new anti-influenza strategy will be necessary. this study aimed to investigate if and to what extent na inhibitor-resistant mutants exist in the wild population of influenza a viruses that inhabit wild birds. na sequences of all na subtypes available from 54 ... | 2011 | 21253602 |
| plant-based rapid production of recombinant subunit hemagglutinin vaccines targeting h1n1 and h5n1 influenza. | in 2009, a novel h1n1 swine influenza virus was isolated from infected humans in mexico and the united states, and rapidly spread around the world. another virus, a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of the h5n1 subtype, identified by the world health organization as a potential pandemic threat in 1997, continues to be a significant risk. while vaccination is the preferred strategy for the prevention and control of influenza infections, the traditional egg-based approach to producing influe ... | 2011 | 21266846 |
| using electronic patient records to assess the impact of swine flu (influenza h1n1) on mental health patients. | electronic patient records are increasingly used in primary care research, but rarely in psychiatric research. little is known about how people with pre-existing mental illness respond to public health threats. | 2011 | 21271827 |
| identification of novel conserved functional motifs across most influenza a viral strains. | influenza a virus poses a continuous threat to global public health. design of novel universal drugs and vaccine requires a careful analysis of different strains of influenza a viral genome from diverse hosts and subtypes. we performed a systematic in silico analysis of influenza a viral segments of all available influenza a viral strains and subtypes and grouped them based on host, subtype, and years isolated, and through multiple sequence alignments we extrapolated conserved regions, motifs, a ... | 2011 | 21272360 |
| optimizing tactics for use of the u.s. antiviral strategic national stockpile for pandemic influenza. | in 2009, public health agencies across the globe worked to mitigate the impact of the swine-origin influenza a (ph1n1) virus. these efforts included intensified surveillance, social distancing, hygiene measures, and the targeted use of antiviral medications to prevent infection (prophylaxis). in addition, aggressive antiviral treatment was recommended for certain patient subgroups to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. to assist states and other localities meet these needs, the u.s. go ... | 2011 | 21283514 |
| neuraminidase inhibitor sensitivity and receptor-binding specificity of cambodian clade 1 highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza virus. | the evolution of the highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza virus produces genetic variations that can lead to changes in antiviral susceptibility and in receptor-binding specificity. in countries where the highly pathogenic h5n1 virus is endemic or causes regular epidemics, the surveillance of these changes is important for assessing the pandemic risk. in cambodia between 2004 and 2010, there have been 26 outbreaks of highly pathogenic h5n1 influenza virus in poultry and 10 reported human cases, 8 of ... | 2011 | 21343450 |
| microneedle vaccination with stabilized recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinin induces improved protective immunity. | the emergence of the swine-origin 2009 influenza pandemic illustrates the need for improved vaccine production and delivery strategies. skin-based immunization represents an attractive alternative to traditional hypodermic needle vaccination routes. microneedles (mns) can deliver vaccine to the epidermis and dermis, which are rich in antigen-presenting cells (apc) such as langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells. previous studies using coated or dissolvable microneedles emphasized the use of ... | 2011 | 21288996 |
| infective endocarditis mislabelled as "swine influenza". | 2011 | 21300105 | |
| swine-origin influenza a outbreak 2009 at shinshu university, japan. | a worldwide outbreak of swine flu h1n1 pandemic influenza occurred in april 2009. to determine the mechanism underlying the spread of infection, we prospectively evaluated a survey implemented at a local university. | 2011 | 21291570 |
| comparison of the receptor binding properties of contemporary swine isolates and early human pandemic h1n1 isolates (novel 2009 h1n1). | we have utilized glycan microarray technology to determine the receptor binding properties of early isolates from the recent 2009 h1n1 human pandemic (pdmh1n1), and compared them to north american swine influenza isolates from the same year, as well as past seasonal h1n1 human isolates. we showed that the pdmh1n1 strains, as well as the swine influenza isolates examined, bound almost exclusively to glycans with a2,6-linked sialic acid with little binding detected for a2,3-linked species. this is ... | 2011 | 21353280 |
| could some people be wronged by contracting swine flu? a case discussion on the links between the farm animal sector and human disease. | this paper uses the imaginary case of gemma, presented initially at the international swine flu conference (london, march 2010), to discuss whether a nurse who disagrees with most ways in which animals are farmed would be wronged if she contracted swine flu. it is argued that the farm animal sector has contributed to the emergence of h1n1 flu, and that the sector in general contributes significantly to the burden of human disease. the aim of this paper is to promote debate on the question as to ... | 2011 | 21292701 |
| reassorted pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza a virus discovered from pigs in germany. | a natural reassortant influenza a virus consisting of seven genome segments from pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus and a neuraminidase segment from a eurasian porcine h1n1 influenza a virus was detected in a pig herd in germany. the obvious reassortment compatibility between the pandemic (h1n1) 2009 and h1n1 viruses of porcine origin raises concern as to whether swine may become a reservoir for further reassortants of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 viruses with unknown implications for human health and swine pro ... | 2011 | 21307227 |
| evolutionary characterization of human h1n1 influenza virus hemagglutinin genes isolated from 1947 to 2009 in china. | objective: our aim was to reveal the molecular characteristics of human h1n1 influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha) genes from 1947 to 2009 in china. methods: 129 ha gene sequences were downloaded from ncbi's genbank and analyzed by dnastar software. additionally, the three-dimensional structure of ha protein was predicted by the swiss-model service. results: first, 2009 chinese ha genes were 99% identical to those of mexican and american ones; their key sites remained highly conserved. second, 50 c ... | 2011 | 21293099 |
| screening from the world's largest tcm database against h1n1 virus. | the swine influenza virus (h1n1) 2009 pandemic highlights the importance of having effective anti-viral strategies. recently, oseltamivir (tamiflu) resistant influenza viruses are identified; which further emphasizes the urgency in developing new antiviral agents. in influenza virus replication cycle, viral surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin, is responsible for viral entry into host cells. hence, a potentially effective antiviral strategy is to inhibit viral entry mechanism. to develop novel an ... | 2011 | 21294588 |
| the nonadaptive nature of the h1n1 2009 swine flu pandemic contrasts with the adaptive facilitation of transmission to a new host. | the emergence of the 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic followed a multiple reassortment event from viruses originally circulating in swines and humans, but the adaptive nature of this emergence is poorly understood. | 2011 | 21211019 |
| pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 in india: duration of virus shedding in patients under antiviral treatment. | national centre for disease control (ncdc), delhi, is a national nodal centre for surveillance of pandemic influenza a (h1n1) in india. the present study was undertaken to see the period of infectivity in positive cases undergoing antiviral therapy. | 2011 | 21304193 |
| possible reason for cross-species and cross-subtype reassortment in polymerase basic protein 2 from influenza a virus. | the reassortment in proteins from influenza a viruses among human, swine, and eurasian avian strains formed a new influenza a virus leading to the first pandemic in this century, which suggests that the barrier between species and between subtypes would not be strong enough to prevent the cross-species infection and cross-subtype reassortment from occurring. in this study, we intensively used the anova including its model i and model ii to analyze 2430 polymerase basic proteins 2 (pb2) of influe ... | 2011 | 21171947 |
| clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with influenza a (h1n1) 2009 attended to at the emergency room of a children's hospital. | in june 2009, the first influenza pandemic of the twenty-first century, due to the swine origin influenza a (h1n1) 2009 virus, was declared. this study aimed to describe the epidemiological and clinical features, complications, lethality and risk factors for hospital admission of microbiologically confirmed cases of influenza a (h1n1) 2009 infection seen at the emergency department of a children's hospital. all cases of children with influenza a (h1n1) 2009 viral infection, confirmed microbiolog ... | 2011 | 21274563 |
| an overview of the epidemic of highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza virus in egypt: epidemiology and control challenges. | emergence of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus in egypt in mid-february 2006 caused significant losses for the poultry industry and constituted a potential threat to public health. since late 2007, there has been increasing evidence that stable lineages of h5n1 viruses are being established in chickens and humans in egypt. the virus has been detected in wild, feral and zoo birds and recently was found in donkeys and pigs. most of the outbreaks in poultry and humans occurred ... | 2011 | 21281550 |
| efficacy of vaccination with different combinations of mf59-adjuvanted and nonadjuvanted seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines against pandemic h1n1 (2009) influenza virus infection in ferrets. | serum antibodies induced by seasonal influenza or seasonal influenza vaccination exhibit limited or no cross-reactivity against the 2009 pandemic swine-origin influenza virus of the h1n1 subtype (ph1n1). ferrets immunized once or twice with mf59-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine exhibited significantly reduced lung virus titers but no substantial clinical protection against ph1n1-associated disease. however, priming with mf59-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine significantly increased the ... | 2011 | 21209108 |
| utility of a panviral microarray for detection of swine respiratory viruses in clinical samples. | several factors have recently converged, elevating the need for highly parallel diagnostic platforms that have the ability to detect many known, novel, and emerging pathogenic agents simultaneously. panviral dna microarrays represent the most robust approach for massively parallel viral surveillance and detection. the virochip is a panviral dna microarray that is capable of detecting all known viruses, as well as novel viruses related to known viral families, in a single assay and has been used ... | 2011 | 21270231 |
| effectiveness of the pandemic influenza a/h1n1 2009 monovalent vaccine in korea. | the 2009 influenza pandemic was caused by a novel triple-reassortant influenza a/h1n1 virus that was further recombined with a eurasian pig flu virus. vaccination is a key countermeasure for disease; however, little data assessing vaccine effectiveness (ve) against the pandemic h1n1 virus are available. we conducted a matched case-control study to assess effectiveness of the 2009 influenza a/h1n1 monovalent vaccine against laboratory-confirmed, medically attended influenza patients. subjects inc ... | 2011 | 21199701 |
| flu factories. | 2011 | 21265325 | |
| comparison of two h1n2 swine influenza a viruses from disease outbreaks in pigs in sweden during 2009 and 2010. | the influenza a virus subtypes h1n1, h1n2 and h3n2 are prevalent in pig populations worldwide. in the present study, two relatively uncommon swine influenza virus (siv) h1n2 subtypes, isolated in sweden in 2009 and 2010, were compared regarding their molecular composition and biological characteristics. the differences regarding markers purportedly related to pathogenicity, host adaptation or replication efficiency. they included a truncated pb1-f2 protein in the earlier isolate but a full lengt ... | 2011 | 21253862 |
| infective endocarditis: diagnosis delayed during swine flu pandemic. | 2011 | 21257998 | |
| organizing pneumonia associated with swine-origin influenza a h1n1 2009 viral infection. | 2011 | 21178022 | |
| rapidstripe h1n1 test for detection of the pandemic swine origin influenza a (h1n1) virus. | the rapidstripe h1n1 test, based on a nucleic acid lateral-flow assay, has been developed for diagnosis of a swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus. this test is simple and cost-effective and allows specific detection of the s-oiv a (h1n1) virus from swab sampling to final detection on a lateral-flow stripe within 2 to 3 h. | 2011 | 21248098 |
| development of two types of rapid diagnostic test kits to detect the hemagglutinin or nucleoprotein of the swine-origin pandemic influenza a virus h1n1. | since its emergence in april 2009, pandemic influenza a virus h1n1 (h1n1 pdm), a new type of influenza a virus with a triple-reassortant genome, has spread throughout the world. initial attempts to diagnose the infection in patients using immunochromatography (ic) relied on test kits developed for seasonal influenza a and b viruses, many of which proved significantly less sensitive to h1n1 pdm. here, we prepared monoclonal antibodies that react with h1n1 pdm but not seasonal influenza a (h1n1 an ... | 2011 | 21228147 |
| simultaneous molecular detection and confirmation of influenza ah5, with internal control. | influenza viruses continue to be a major cause of respiratory tract infection, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality throughout the world. accurate and rapid differential diagnosis of influenza virus infections, particularly associated with zoonotic infections, is important for public health actions, patient management, and treatment. real-time pcr is widely considered the gold standard for molecular detection of influenza viruses owing to its high assay specificity, extreme detection ... | 2011 | 21116801 |
| pandemic h1n1 2009 ('swine flu'): diagnostic and other challenges. | pandemic h1n1 2009 ('swine flu') virus was 'the virus of the year 2009' because it affected the lives of many people in this year. h1n1 was first described in california in april 2009 and spread very rapidly all over the globe. the fast global penetration of the swine flu caused the who in geneva to call the infection with h1n1 a new pandemic with a rapid escalation of the different pandemic phases that ended on 11 june 2009, with the declaration of phase 6 (full-blown pandemic). this had far-re ... | 2011 | 21171919 |
| systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) pneumonitis mimicking swine influenza pneumonia during the swine influenza (h1n1) pandemic. | we present a young woman with a negative medical history who presented with acute systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) pneumonitis mimicking swine influenza (h1n1) pneumonia. because this case occurred during the h1n1 pandemic, the initial diagnostic impression was of h1n1 pneumonia. | 2011 | 21453970 |