Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| phenolic compounds and antimicrobial activity of olive (olea europaea l. cv. cobrançosa) leaves. | we report the determination of phenolic compounds in olive leaves by reversed-phase hplc/dad, and the evaluation of their in vitro activity against several microorganisms that may be causal agents of human intestinal and respiratory tract infections, namely gram positive (bacillus cereus, b. subtilis and staphylococcus aureus), gram negative bacteria (pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae) and fungi (candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans). seven phenolic compo ... | 2007 | 17873849 |
| inhibition of interleukin-8 production in human endothelial cells by staphylococcus aureus supernatant. | recent reports have shown that staphylococcus aureus infection increases the expression of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in endothelial cells and enhances leucocyte migration, thereby resulting in bacterial elimination. in this study, we analysed the production of the chemokine interleukin (il)-8 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec) infected with several s. aureus strains by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. we found ... | 2007 | 17177974 |
| trim21 is a trimeric protein that binds igg fc via the b30.2 domain. | trims comprise a large protein family that include anti-retroviral restriction factors such as trim5alpha. auto-antibodies to trim21 (ro52) are a common serological feature of patients with sjogren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). we show that, in addition to this autoantibody response, trim21 binds specifically to the fc region of human igg isotypes 1, 2 and 4, via a conformation dependent interaction. the minimal binding epitope was identified as the c-terminal b30.2 domain. ... | 2007 | 17118455 |
| dexamethasone inhibition of trabecular meshwork cell phagocytosis and its modulation by glucocorticoid receptor beta. | glucocorticoid treatment can lead to the development of glaucomatous ocular hypertension and a secondary open-angle glaucoma due to increased aqueous humor outflow resistance that is associated with morphological and biochemical changes in the trabecular meshwork (tm). the cellular responses of glucocorticoids are achieved by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor alpha (gralpha), a ligand-activated transcription factor. an alternatively spliced variant, glucocorticoid receptor beta (grbeta), ha ... | 2007 | 17126833 |
| comparison of bactec plus blood culture media to bact/alert fa blood culture media for detection of bacterial pathogens in samples containing therapeutic levels of antibiotics. | blood culture bottles with antimicrobial removal systems are recommended for patients who develop fever while on antibiotics. this study compared the ability of becton dickinson (sparks, md) bactec plus bottles and biomerieux (durham, nc) bact/alert fa bottles to effectively remove vancomycin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, ampicillin, oxacillin, gentamicin, and a combination of gentamicin/penicillin, thus allowing bacterial pathogens to grow. each bottle was spiked w ... | 2007 | 17166960 |
| necrotizing fasciitis due to a methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus isolate harboring an enterotoxin gene cluster. | benign papular eruption on the left leg of a 72-year-old diabetic man developed into rapidly spreading necrotizing fasciitis despite antimicrobial therapy and surgical debridements. this led to eventual amputation to control the infection. the etiological agent was a staphylococcus aureus isolate harboring the enterotoxin gene cluster seg, sei, sem, sen, and seo but lacked all common toxin genes, including panton-valentine leukocidin. | 2007 | 17166962 |
| efficacy of gaseous nitric oxide in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. | bacterial burden significantly interferes with the healing process in chronic ulcers. nitric oxide (no) plays a key role in regulating skin's response to infection and wound healing. in previous studies, we demonstrated that exogenous no gas (gno) at 200 parts per million (ppm) exhibits potent antimicrobial effects against a representative range of pathogens. the aim of the present study is to explore the antimicrobial properties of gno in vivo and to determine skin cells' sensitivity to the cyt ... | 2007 | 17537124 |
| the contribution of gc1qr/p33 in infection and inflammation. | human gc1qr/p33 is a multi-compartmental and multi-functional cellular protein expressed on a wide range of tissues and cell types including lymphocytes, endothelial cells, dendritic cells, and platelets. although originally isolated as a receptor for c1q by virtue of its affinity (k(d)=15-50 nm), and specificity for the globular heads of this molecule, a large body of evidence has now been accumulated which shows that in addition to c1q, gc1qr can serve as a receptor for diverse proinflammatory ... | 2007 | 17544818 |
| production of antagonistic substance by eikenella corrodens isolated from the oral cavity of human beings with and without periodontal disease. | antagonistic abilities may confer ecological advantages for micro-organisms in competitive ecosystems. however, reports regarding this phenomenon in eikenella corrodens are not available. | 2007 | 17584471 |
| daptomycin for eradication of a systemic infection with a methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus aureus in a biventricular assist device recipient. | the rate of infection in patients who require ventricular assist devices is estimated at more than 35%. infections with multi-resistant organisms such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in ventricular assist device recipients are often difficult to treat and present a high mortality rate. daptomycin is a new cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic, useful in gram-positive organisms resistant to standard treatment. we report a case of a 65-year-old man suffering from a dilatative cardiomyopathy ... | 2007 | 17588430 |
| the bactericidal effects of anti-mrsa agents with rifampicin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim against intracellular phagocytized mrsa. | we experienced therapeutic failure with vancomycin in patients with serious methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infections, in some of whom the bacteria were found to be alive in the leukocytes. we therefore evaluated the antimicrobial activity of several anti-mrsa agents (vancomycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, arbekacin) and co-administered agents (rifampicin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim) against clinically isolated mrsa in phagocytized human polymorphonuclear leukoc ... | 2007 | 17593499 |
| incidence and persistence of staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in a community sample of hiv-infected and -uninfected drug users. | a longitudinal study of 282 community-based drug users was conducted from february 1999 through september 2000. both the incidence (15.0 cases per 100 person-years at risk; 95% confidence interval, 10.2-20.7 cases per 100 person-years at risk) and persistence of staphylococcus aureus carriage were increased among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive individuals. | 2007 | 17599312 |
| union of a chronically infected internally stabilized segmental defect in the rat femur after debridement and application of rhbmp-2 and systemic antibiotic. | the goal of this study was to determine whether recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhbmp-2) would induce new bone formation in an internally stabilized segmental defect with a chronic bacterial infection in the rat femur and whether treatment with systemic antibiotic would enhance this effect. | 2007 | 17986886 |
| toxicogenomic response to chlorination includes induction of major virulence genes in staphylococcus aureus. | despite the widespread use of chlorination for microbial control in aqueous environments, cellular response mechanisms of human pathogens, such as staphylococcus aureus, against chlorination remain unknown. in this work, genome-wide transcriptional analysis was performed to elucidate cellular response of s. aureusto hypochlorous acid, an active antimicrobial product of chlorination in aqueous solution. our results suggest that hypochlorous acid repressed transcription of genes involved in cell w ... | 2007 | 18044543 |
| successful repair of ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm using autograft patch from fascia lata and saphenous vein. | an 80-year-old man developed a pseudoaneurysm in the ascending aorta due to mediastinitis following cardiac surgery. we successfully repaired the pseudoaneurysm with an autograft patch harvested from fascia lata and the saphenous vein. the repair, which was carried out in two layers, can be expected to be durable. | 2007 | 18066642 |
| use of the pericardial cord as a substitute for an infected mitral prosthetic ring associated with aortic prosthetic valve endocarditis. | we report the case of a 61-year-old man with prosthetic valve endocarditis after both aortic valve replacement and mitral annuloplasty. necrotic tissue and dehiscence of the suture line in the aortic annulus were found, and the infection extended to the anterior portion of the mitral prosthetic ring. the autologous pericardial cord was used as a substitute for the infected mitral prosthetic ring, and aortic root replacement was performed with a stentless bioprosthesis. the autologous pericardial ... | 2007 | 18066645 |
| [amylase-producing multiple myeloma: a case report]. | a 80-year-old man was admitted because of acute-onset thrombocytopenia and renal failure. he was diagnosed with bence jones (lambda) -type multiple myeloma associated with sepsis with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. on admission, serum amylase activity was elevated to 1,814 iu/l (98% salivary type; s-amylase). several days after admission, he developed bilateral myelomatous pleuritis. the activity of s-amylase in the effusion was 5,495 iu/l. myeloma cells in the pleural effusion wer ... | 2007 | 18080506 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of a novel propolis formulation (actichelated propolis). | this study compared in vitro activities of actichelated propolis (a multicomposite material obtained with mechano-chemichal activation) and of a hydroalcoholic extract of propolis. | 2007 | 17953601 |
| typing staphylococcus aureus using the spa gene and novel distance measures. | we developed an approach for identifying groups or families of staphylococcus aureus bacteria based on genotype data. with the emergence of drug resistant strains, s. aureus represents a significant human health threat. identifying the family types efficiently and quickly is crucial in community settings. here, we develop a hybrid sequence algorithm approach to type this bacterium using only its spa gene. two of the sequence algorithms we used are well established, while the third, the best comm ... | 2007 | 17975279 |
| postoperative multisegmental lumbar discitis treated by staged ventrodorsoventral intervention. | postoperative spinal infections are relatively rare. they can become life-threatening. | 2007 | 17999587 |
| long-term effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal colonization by streptococcus pneumoniae--and associated interactions with staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae colonization--in hiv-infected and hiv-uninfected children. | after a primary series of 3 doses, it was found that a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine no longer reduces nasopharyngeal colonization by vaccine serotypes in children 5.3 years of age. in addition, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children (n=81) had a higher prevalence of colonization by streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae (71.6% and 74.1%, respectively) than did hiv-uninfected children (n=271; 50.9% and 52.0%, respectively), suggesting that increased colonizat ... | 2007 | 18008250 |
| [radiograph patterns in herpes simples virus i pneumonia in the adult]. | the aim of this study is to describe epidemiology, patogénesis, pulmonary manifestations and rx findings in adult patients with varicella pneumonia (vp). four patients were studied. the diagnosis was established by clinical and radiologic criteria. all had fever , esanthem, 3 cough, 2 dyspnea. chest x-ray showed interstitial micronodular pattern at bases. 1 case developed airspace consolidation by staphylococcus aureus. 2 were admitted to icu. the four received iv acyclovir. we concluded that ad ... | 2007 | 18020880 |
| a randomized phase i study of atuna racemosa: a potential new anti-mrsa natural product extract. | we previously reported significant antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria from the extract of the atun tree (atuna racemosa), identified through rapid digital bioprospecting of a 400-year-old historic herbal text. toxicity studies in human cell lines showing safety, combined with the ethnomedical descriptions of botanical use, suggested that this extract might be clinically useful against topical gram-positive bacteria infections. | 2007 | 17889468 |
| in vitro ability of staphylococcus aureus isolates from bacteraemic patients with and without metastatic complications to invade vascular endothelial cells. | invasion of vascular endothelial cells is thought to be a critical step in the development of metastatic infections in patients with staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. this study was designed to evaluate the association between the ability to invade endothelial cells and metastatic infection by s. aureus. patients with metastatic infection were identified among those with community-acquired s. aureus bacteraemia in a tertiary referral hospital. patients with simple bacteraemia caused by s. aureu ... | 2007 | 17893163 |
| staphylococcal complement evasion by various convertase-blocking molecules. | to combat the human immune response, bacteria should be able to divert the effectiveness of the complement system. we identify four potent complement inhibitors in staphylococcus aureus that are part of a new immune evasion cluster. two are homologues of the c3 convertase modulator staphylococcal complement inhibitor (scin) and function in a similar way as scin. extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (efb) and its homologue extracellular complement-binding protein (ecb) are identified as poten ... | 2007 | 17893203 |
| methicillin resistance in staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci: epidemiological and molecular aspects. | infections caused by the genus staphylococcus are of great importance for human health. staphylococcus species are divided into coagulase-positive staphylococci, represented by s. aureus, a pathogen that can cause infections of the skin and other organs in immunocompetent patients, and coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns) which comprise different species normally involved in infectious processes in immunocompromised patients or patients using catheters. oxacillin has been one of the main drugs ... | 2007 | 17895595 |
| occurrence of highly fluoroquinolone-resistant and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in domestic animals. | we describe phenotypic and genotypic analyses carried out on multidrug-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolated from domestic animals. the sequence type st239 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolated from dogs were highly resistant to fluoroquinolones, and new combinations of gyra and grla mutations were identified. these findings are consistent with a role for animal carriage in the dissemination of important human pathogens in the community. | 2007 | 17898848 |
| the yeast connection: is candida linked to breastfeeding associated pain? | the objective of the study was to determine whether the isolation of candida from breastfeeding women is associated with self-reported pain. | 2007 | 17904988 |
| antibiotic resistant staphylococcus aureus: a paradigm of adaptive power. | nothing documents better the spectacular adaptive capacity of staphylococcus aureus than the response of this important human and animal pathogen to the introduction of antimicrobial agents into the clinical environment. the effectiveness of penicillin introduced in the early 1940s was virtually annulled within a decade because of the plasmid epidemics that spread the ss-lactamase gene through the entire species of s. aureus. in 1960 within one to two years of the introduction of penicillinase r ... | 2007 | 17921044 |
| use of peptide-major histocompatibility complex tetramer technology to study interactions between staphylococcus aureus proteins and human cells. | in this study, we report the use of peptide-major histocompatibility complex tetramer technology to study the interactions that occur between staphylococcus aureus proteins and human leukocytes. we demonstrated that this technology can be used to study the activity of superantigens such as toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 and also found that despite similarities to known proteins (i.e., major histocompatibility complex [mhc] class ii molecules and superantigens), the s. aureus eap protein does not b ... | 2007 | 17938227 |
| cervical mycotic aneurysm in a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis. | we report a case of 65-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus, in whom a cervical mycotic aneurysm suddenly developed after sepsis with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. severe infection associated with alcoholic cirrhosis may cause a typical mycotic aneurysm. | 2007 | 17938522 |
| staphylococcal infections impair the mesothelial fibrinolytic system: the role of cell death and cytokine release. | bacterial peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis patients and of patients after abdominal surgery. especially episodes due to staphylococcus aureus can harm the peritoneum severely, resulting in peritoneal fibrosis. human peritoneal mesothelial cells play a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the peritoneum, as they release components of the fibrinolytic system and regulate the influx of immune cells by expressing chemokines and adhesion molecules. using cultured ... | 2007 | 17938806 |
| preparation, application and testing of permanent antibacterial and antiviral coatings. | protocols for the synthesis of the microbicidal polycation n,n-dodecyl,methyl-polyethylenimine and coating (painting) of glass slides with this polycation's butanol solution are described. subsequently detailed are the procedures for validating that the resultant coated slides are essentially 100% lethal to the human bacterial pathogens, staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli, as well as to two common strains of influenza virus. the time required to prepare and apply the cationic polymer and ... | 2007 | 17947982 |
| reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in pet animals. | increasing amounts of antimicrobials are used in pets, including substances used in human medicine (in particular, broad-spectrum agents such as clavulante-potentiated aminopenicillins, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones). there is evidence that resistance to antimicrobials is growing among bacteria causing infection in pets. these bacteria include staphylococcus intermedius and escherichia coli, as well as other organisms of clinical importance in humans, including methicillin-resistant staph ... | 2007 | 17683019 |
| polyarticular septic arthritis following septic circumcision. | ritual circumcision during an initiation ceremony for young adults is common practice in parts of south africa. we report on a case of polyarticular septic arthritis in a seventeen-year-old man following septicaemia after circumcision, resulting in severe fixed flexion deformities of both knees. this case illustrates an unusual cause of polyarticular septic arthritis and the treatment difficulties associated with delayed presentation. it is also a reminder of the consequences of untreated acute ... | 2007 | 17696756 |
| cisplatin-induced apoptosis involves membrane fluidification via inhibition of nhe1 in human colon cancer cells. | we have previously shown that cisplatin triggers an early acid sphingomyelinase (asmase)-dependent ceramide generation concomitantly with an increase in membrane fluidity and induces apoptosis in ht29 cells. the present study further explores the role and origin of membrane fluidification in cisplatin-induced apoptosis. the rapid increase in membrane fluidity following cisplatin treatment was inhibited by membrane-stabilizing agents such as cholesterol or monosialoganglioside-1. in ht29 cells, t ... | 2007 | 17699793 |
| infection control by antibody disruption of bacterial quorum sensing signaling. | quorum sensing (qs) is the process through which bacteria communicate utilizing small diffusible molecules termed autoinducers. it has been demonstrated that qs controls a plethora of microbial processes including the expression of virulence factors. here we report an immunopharmacotherapeutic approach for the attenuation of qs in the gram-positive human pathogen staphylococcus aureus. an anti-autoinducer monoclonal antibody, ap4-24h11, was elicited against a rationally designed hapten, and effi ... | 2007 | 17961824 |
| multilocus sequence typing of staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from cows with mastitis in brazilian dairy herds. | staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen associated with bovine mastitis, one of the most important infectious diseases occurring in dairy cattle herds worldwide. in the present study, s. aureus isolates recovered from cows with mastitis in dairy herds located in the south-east of brazil were genotyped by pfge and multilocus sequence typing (mlst). pfge identified 60 pulsotypes (pts), which were found to be distributed among six clonal complexes (ccs) by mlst. all pts with similarity percentage ... | 2007 | 17965353 |
| a novel indole-diterpenoid, jbir-03 with anti-mrsa activity from dichotomomyces cejpii var. cejpii nbrc 103559. | a new indole-diterpene, jbir-03 (1), was isolated from the fungus dichotomomyces cejpii var. cejpii nbrc 103559 and its structure was determined based on the spectroscopic data. 1 exhibited anti-mrsa (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus) activity and antifungal activity against apple valsa canker-causing fungus, valsa ceratosperma, while it exhibited no toxicity towards human cancer cells. | 2007 | 17965481 |
| impairment of innate immune killing mechanisms by bacteriostatic antibiotics. | antibiotics are designed to support host defense in controlling infection. here we describe a paradoxical inhibitory effect of bacteriostatic antibiotics on key mediators of mammalian innate immunity. when growth of species including escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus is suppressed by chloramphenicol or erythromycin, the susceptibility of the bacteria to cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides or serum complement was markedly diminished. survival of the bacteria in human whole blood, human w ... | 2007 | 17215486 |
| molecular recognition forces between immunoglobulin g and a surface protein adhesin on living staphylococcus aureus. | we report afm measurements of binding events between immunoglobulin g (igg) and protein a (pa) on the surface of live staphylococcus aureus bacteria. the experiments were carried out with igg molecules tethered via cm-amylose linkers to thiol sams on gold-coated afm tips. for comparison, a model system consisting of protein a molecules tethered to thiol sams on gold-coated silicon substrates was also investigated. histograms of binding forces for the pa-igg bond showed comparable rupture forces ... | 2007 | 17249704 |
| limitations in the use of drosophila melanogaster as a model host for gram-positive bacterial infection. | to examine sensitivities of various drosophila melanogaster strains towards human pathogenic and nonpathogenic gram-positive bacteria. | 2007 | 17257264 |
| synthesis of pseudopeptides based l-tryptophan as a potential antimicrobial agent. | four compounds named l-btrppa, l-trp-o-pa, l-trp-m-pa and l-trp-p-pa, pseudopeptides constructed from pyridine and tryptophan units, were synthesized and tested against the gram-positive, gram-negative strains of bacteria and human pathogenic fungi. l-trp-o-pa proved to be a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, showing a significant inhibition of the growth of gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant s. aureus, bacillus subtilis, micrococcus luteus), and pathogenic fun ... | 2007 | 17257839 |
| characterisation of receptor binding by the chemotaxis inhibitory protein of staphylococcus aureus and the effects of the host immune response. | the chemotaxis inhibitory protein of staphylococcus aureus (chips) is reported to bind to the receptors for c5a and formylated peptides and has been proposed as a promising lead for the development of new anti-inflammatory compounds. here we have examined the receptor specificity and mode of action of recombinant chips(28-149) and also the immune response to chips(28-149) in patients with s. aureus infections and in uninfected controls. recombinant chips(28-149) bound with high affinity to the h ... | 2007 | 17258808 |
| nonlabeled quartz crystal microbalance biosensor for bacterial detection using carbohydrate and lectin recognitions. | high percentages of harmful microbes or their secreting toxins bind to specific carbohydrate sequences on human cells at the recognition and attachment sites. a number of studies also show that lectins react with specific structures of bacteria and fungi. in this report, we take advantage of the fact that a high percentage of microorganisms have both carbohydrate and lectin binding pockets at their surface. we demonstrate here for the first time that a carbohydrate nonlabeled mass sensor in comb ... | 2007 | 17295446 |
| acid-catalyzed synthesis of oxathiolone fused chalcones. comparison of their activity toward various microorganisms and human cancer cells line. | substituted oxathiolone fused chalcones were prepared by condensation of 4-acetyl-5-methoxy-2-oxo-benz[1,3]oxathiole with benzaldehydes under acidic conditions. the compounds were tested for cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal and tuberculostatic activity. three derivatives demonstrated weak activity against hela cells, two were slightly active against micrococcus luteus and staphylococcus aureus, and one was active against mycobacterium tuberculosis h(37)rv. | 2007 | 17300856 |
| development of in vitro antimicrobial resistance in bacteria exposed to residue level exposures of antimicrobial drugs, pesticides and veterinary drugs. | ten ppb or less of antibacterial drugs, pesticides and veterinary drugs could increase antibacterial resistance in bacteria. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was the indicator of resistance and staphylococcus aureus atcc 9144 the indicator organism. seventeen compounds used in human, veterinary medicine, crop production, and found in the environment, were studied singly, and as combinations. single compounds decreased mic values in 5.3% of possibilities; showed no changes in 74.4% of v ... | 2007 | 17310119 |
| carbamidocyclophanes a-e, chlorinated paracyclophanes with cytotoxic and antibiotic activity from the vietnamese cyanobacterium nostoc sp. | five new paracyclophanes, carbamidocyclophanes a-e (1-5), characterized by carbamido side chains at a symmetric [7.7]paracyclophane ring, have been isolated from the biomass of the vietnamese nostoc sp. cavn 10. structure elucidation by spectroscopic methods showed that 1-5 vary in the substitution pattern of the chlorinated butyl side chains. the compounds exhibited cytotoxic activity against mcf-7 (breast cancer cell line) and fl cells (human amniotic epithelial cell line) and moderate antibac ... | 2007 | 17311455 |
| antibacterial effects of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin simulating epithelial lining fluid concentrations against community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | current north american guidelines advocate the use of respiratory fluoroquinolones for the empirical management of community-acquired pneumonia (cap). while community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (ca-mrsa) has emerged as a pathogen frequently encountered in skin and skin structure infections, it has also now been recognised as a causative pathogen in cap. since fluoroquinolones may be used empirically to treat unsuspected ca-mrsa pneumonia, the objective of this study was ... | 2007 | 17324004 |
| electrochemical detection of harmful algae and other microbial contaminants in coastal waters using hand-held biosensors. | standard methods to identify microbial contaminants in the environment are slow, laborious, and can require specialized expertise. this study investigated electrochemical detection of microbial contaminants using commercially available, hand-held instruments. electrochemical assays were developed for a red tide dinoflagellate (karenia brevis), fecal-indicating bacteria (enterococcus spp.), markers indicative of human sources of fecal pollution (human cluster bacteroides and the esp gene of enter ... | 2007 | 17328925 |
| inactivation of a subpopulation of human neutrophils by exposure to ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene wear debris. | polymorphonuclear neutrophils, a first line of defence against invading microbial pathogens, may be attracted by inflammatory mediators triggered by ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (uhmwpe) wear particles released from orthopaedic prostheses. phagocytosis of uhmwpe particles by neutrophils may indirectly compromise their phagocytic-bactericidal mechanisms, thus enhancing host susceptibility to microbial infections. in an in vitro assay, pre-exposure of purified human neutrophils to uhmwp ... | 2007 | 17343684 |
| involvement of alpha5beta1-integrin and tnf-alpha in staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin-induced death of epithelial cells. | staphylococcus aureus causes suppurative infections which are often associated with tissue destruction and cell death. in the present study, we investigated the molecular and cellular basis of s. aureus-induced apoptosis and death in a human lung epithelial cell line (a549). we found that staphylococcal alpha-toxin is an important mediator of cytotoxicity in these epithelial cells. specifically, we found that downregulating alpha-toxin production eliminated the cytotoxicity of s. aureus, whereas ... | 2007 | 17359518 |
| diversity in staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins. | the molecular mechanism of staphylococcus aureus phathogenicity is complex and involves several toxins, including the famous staphylococcal enterotoxin (se) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1). although these toxins were discovered in specific clinical contexts of food poisoning and menstrual toxic shock syndrome, they share common biochemical and biological properties. as superantigens they are able to massively activate mononuclear cells and t cells regardless of the antigenic specificit ... | 2007 | 17369698 |
| the sapis: mobile pathogenicity islands of staphylococcus. | the sapis are 15- to 17-kb mobile pathogenicity islands in staphylococci. they usually carry two or more superantigens and are responsible for most superantigen-related human diseases, especially staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome. sapis are extremely common in staphylococcus aureus, with all but one of the sequenced genomes containing one or more. the sapis have a highly conserved overall genome organization, parallel to that of typical temperate phages. each occupies a specific chromosomal si ... | 2007 | 17369699 |
| role of staphylococcal superantigens in airway disease. | gram-positive staphylococcus aureus germs constitutively have the possibility to release classical and egc-locus-derived enterotoxins which show superantigen activity, and effectively modify the functions of t and b cells, eosinophils, and other inflammatory and structural cells. the stimulation may lead to a type 2 t helper cell-polarized eosinophilic inflammation as well as a multiclonal ige production, aggravating airway disease in the upper and lower respiratory tract. recently, s. aureus ha ... | 2007 | 17369708 |
| paired ig-like receptors bind to bacteria and shape tlr-mediated cytokine production. | the innate immune system uses a wide variety of pattern recognition receptors including tlrs, scavenger receptors, and lectins to identify potential pathogens. a carefully regulated balance between activation and inhibition must be kept to avoid detrimental and inappropriate inflammatory responses. in this study, we identify murine-paired ig-like receptor (pir)-b, and its human orthologs ig-like transcript 2 and ig-like transcript 5 as novel receptors for staphylococcus aureus. pir-b contains fo ... | 2007 | 17371981 |
| myd88-dependent signals are essential for the host immune response in experimental brain abscess. | brain abscesses form in response to a parenchymal infection by pyogenic bacteria, with staphylococcus aureus representing a common etiologic agent of human disease. numerous receptors that participate in immune responses to bacteria, including the majority of tlrs, the il-1r, and the il-18r, use a common adaptor molecule, myd88, for transducing activation signals leading to proinflammatory mediator expression and immune effector functions. to delineate the importance of myd88-dependent signals i ... | 2007 | 17372011 |
| inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase 3beta in sepsis. | the serine-threonine protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase (gsk)-3 is involved in the regulation of many cell functions, but its role in the regulation of the inflammatory response is unknown. here we investigate the effects of gsk-3beta inhibition on organ injury/dysfunction caused by endotoxaemia or severe inflammation in the rat. rats received either intravenous escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) (6 mg/kg) or lps (1mg/kg) plus staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (pepg) (0.3mg/kg) or ... | 2007 | 17380792 |
| inhibition of breast cancer cell adhesion and bone metastasis by the extracellular adherence protein of staphylococcus aureus. | bone metastasis is a common sequelae of breast cancer and the interaction of alpha v beta3-integrin with osteopontin (opn) found in the extracellular matrix of mineralized tissues is implicated in this process. the integrin-dependent proadhesive and promigratory functions of opn are particularly attributed to the 40 kd n-terminal fragment that derives upon matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) cleavage. based on the broad repertoire of interactions between staphylococcus aureus extracellular adherence ... | 2007 | 17418809 |
| antibacterial activity of two canthin-6-one alkaloids from allium neapolitanum. | the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of many human pathogens has led to an urgent need for the discovery and development of new antimicrobial agents. as part of an ongoing investigation into the antibacterial properties of the alliaceae, the isolation of 1 (canthin-6-one), 2 (8-hydroxy-canthin-6-one) and 3 (5(zeta)-hydroxy-octadeca-6(e)-8(z)-dienioc acid)) from a. neapolitanum, a perennial bulbous herb found in open pastures of the mediterranean is reported. compounds 1 and 2 were isolat ... | 2007 | 17421058 |
| a functional nadph oxidase prevents caspase involvement in the clearance of phagocytic neutrophils. | neutrophils play a prominent role in host defense. phagocytosis of bacteria leads to the formation of an active nadph oxidase complex that generates reactive oxygen species for bactericidal purposes. a critical step in the resolution of inflammation is the uptake of neutrophils by macrophages; however, there are conflicting reports on the mechanisms leading to the apoptosis of phagocytic neutrophils. the aim of this study was to clarify the role of effector caspases in these processes. caspase a ... | 2007 | 17438039 |
| staphylococcal enterotoxin b increases tim4 expression in human dendritic cells that drives naïve cd4 t cells to differentiate into th2 cells. | aberrant t helper (th)2 polarization plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders; the etiology remains unclear. dendritic cells (dcs) express t cell immunoglobulin mucin domain (tim)4 that ligates tim1 on cd4 t cells to drive them to become th2 cells, but the pathogenic source of tim4 is unknown. here we report that a significant increase in tim4 expression in human dcs was observed in response to staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb) stimulation via toll-like receptor (tlr)2 an ... | 2007 | 17439824 |
| dnase1l2 suppresses biofilm formation by pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. | the formation of biofilms, which is an important step in bacterial colonization, can be inhibited by deoxyribonuclease (dnase)-mediated breakdown of extracellular dna. we have recently demonstrated that epidermal keratinocytes strongly express dnase1-like 2 (dnase1l2) in a differentiation-associated manner. | 2007 | 17459041 |
| development of novel plasmid vectors and a promoter trap system in francisella tularensis compatible with the pfln10 based plasmids. | francisella tularensis is a category a bioterror pathogen which in some cases can cause a severe and fatal human infection. very few virulence factors are known in this species due to the difficulty in working with it as well as the lack of tools for genetic manipulation. this work describes the construction of a shuttle vector that can replicate in escherichia coli and f. tularensis as well as two distinct promoter trap constructs based on the shuttle vector backbone. replication in f. tularens ... | 2007 | 17459476 |
| retrospective detection of methicillin resistant and susceptible staphylococcus aureus st398 in danish slaughter pigs. | this retrospective study documents the first detection in danish pigs of methicillin resistant and susceptible variants of the staphylococcus aureus lineage st398, which was previously described among pigs, pig farmers and veterinary staff in the netherlands as well as in human patients and infected animals in europe. ten out of 100 pigs tested were shown to carry st398 in the nasal cavity and two out of three farms tested were positive. the 10 porcine st398 isolates had spa type t034 (n=9) and ... | 2007 | 17467199 |
| how relevant were the models used to measure the impact of panton-valentine leukocidin in human staphylococcal infections? | 2007 | 17471444 | |
| synthesis of isomeric, oxathiolone fused chalcones, and comparison of their activity toward various microorganisms and human cancer cells line. | isomeric oxathiolone fused chalcones were prepared by condensation of appropriate acetylbenzo[1,3]oxathiol-2-ones with benzaldehydes under acidic conditions. the synthesized compounds were screened for cytotoxic activity using hela cells, as well as for antibacterial activity against micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, antifungal activity against candida albicans, and tuberculostatic activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis h( ... | 2007 | 17473478 |
| diseases pets and people share. | having a companion animal such as a dog, cat, or pocket pet is increasingly popular in the united states. with more human-animal interactions come additional opportunities for disease exchange. this article highlights common zoonoses associated with pets and provides recommendations for preventing disease transmission, including hand hygiene, client or patient education, and appropriate pet care. the article also discusses human diseases in which animals may be mistakenly implicated as the sourc ... | 2007 | 17494538 |
| association between nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus and the human complement cascade activator serine protease c1 inhibitor (c1inh) valine vs. methionine polymorphism at amino acid position 480. | staphylococcus aureus produces compounds that interfere with complement deposition. we hypothesized that humans have developed countermeasures to staphylococcal complement evasion and we screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms in the serine protease c1 inhibitor (c1inh) gene at amino acid position 480 (valine vs. methionine) and nasal carriage of s. aureus. in our study cohort, 38 individuals were persistently colonized by s. aureus, whereas 50 were invariably culture-negative. a trend was ... | 2007 | 17498209 |
| the site of action of oxazolidinone antibiotics in living bacteria and in human mitochondria. | the oxazolidinones are one of the newest classes of antibiotics. they inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with protein synthesis. the mechanism of oxazolidinone action and the precise location of the drug binding site in the ribosome are unknown. we used a panel of photoreactive derivatives to identify the site of action of oxazolidinones in the ribosomes of bacterial and human cells. the in vivo crosslinking data were used to model the position of the oxazolidinone molecule within its bindi ... | 2007 | 17499045 |
| high-efficiency recovery of target cells using improved yeast display system for detection of protein-protein interactions. | we constructed a high-throughput screening (hts) system for target cells based on the detection of protein-protein interactions by flow cytometric sorting due to the improvement in the yeast cell surface display system. interaction model proteins, which are the zz domain derived from staphylococcus aureus and the fc part of human immunoglobulin g (igg), were displayed on the yeast cell surface. we achieved a rapid and enhanced expression of these proteins as a result of adopting an appropriate y ... | 2007 | 17503034 |
| relationships between bacteroides 16s rrna genetic markers and presence of bacterial enteric pathogens and conventional fecal indicators. | occurrence and prevalence of different bacterial enteric pathogens as well as their relationships with conventional (total and fecal coliforms) and alternative fecal indicators (host-specific bacteroides 16s rrna genetic markers) were investigated for various water samples taken from different sites with different degrees of fecal contamination. the results showed that a wide range of bacterial pathogens could be detected in both municipal wastewater treatment plant samples and in surface water ... | 2007 | 17507075 |
| thrombospondin-1 promotes cellular adherence of gram-positive pathogens via recognition of peptidoglycan. | thrombospondin-1 (tsp1) is a matricellular glycoprotein that has key roles in interactions between human cells and components of the extracellular matrix. here we report a novel role for the lectin tsp1 in pathogen-host interactions. binding assays and flow cytometric analysis demonstrate that streptococcus pneumoniae and other gram-positive pathogens including s. pyogenes, staphylococcus aureus, and listeria monocytogenes interact specifically with human tsp1. we also show for the first time th ... | 2007 | 17507668 |
| antibacterial activities of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers terminated with amino and poly(ethylene glycol) groups. | poly(amidoamine) (pamam) dendrimer derivatives have been investigated for their biological applications, especially for delivery of drugs, including antimicrobial drugs to eukaryotic cells, but their effects on bacterial cells are largely unexplored. herein we report that amino-terminated pamam dendrimers are highly toxic to the common gram-negative pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa. the concentration that kills 50% of the bacteria (ec50) was in the range of approximately 0.9-1.5 microg/ml for the ... | 2007 | 17511499 |
| toxic shock-like syndrome associated with staphylococcal enterocolitis in an hiv-infected man. | a human immunodeficiency virus-infected individual developed severe secretory diarrhea due to infection with staphylococcus aureus. when octreotide therapy was initiated, a toxic shock-like syndrome developed that was associated with fever, multisystem organ damage, and ultimately, desquamation of the palms and soles. the isolate was methicillin susceptible and produced enterotoxins b and c. this is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of toxic shock syndrome to develop secondary to staphy ... | 2007 | 17516392 |
| immunomagnetic separation and ms/spr end-detection combined procedure for rapid detection of staphylococcus aureus and protein a. | the aim of this study was to establish an ims-ms/spr technique for the detection of staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) and staphylococcus protein a (spa) at the same time, which consists of isolating s. aureus and trapping-enrichmenting its spa by ims, and the end point is determined by using either ms or spr measurements. magnetic bead (mb) containing aldehyde group was synthesized with latex-polymerization and immunomagnetic bead (imb) was fabricated by modifying its surface with an oriented la ... | 2007 | 17029780 |
| a novel host defense system of airways is defective in cystic fibrosis. | the respiratory tract is constantly exposed to airborne microorganisms. nevertheless, normal airways remain sterile without recruiting phagocytes. this innate immune activity has been attributed to mucociliary clearance and antimicrobial polypeptides of airway surface liquid. defective airway immunity characterizes cystic fibrosis (cf), a disease caused by mutations in the cf transmembrane conductance regulator, a chloride channel. the pathophysiology of defective immunity in cf remains to be el ... | 2007 | 17082494 |
| sensitive quantitative detection of commensal bacteria by rrna-targeted reverse transcription-pcr. | a sensitive rrna-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) method was developed for exact and sensitive enumeration of subdominant bacterial populations. using group- or species-specific primers for 16s or 23s rrna, analytical curves were constructed for escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, clostridium perfringens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the threshold cycle value was found to be linear up to an rna amount of 10(-3) cell per rt-pcr. the number o ... | 2007 | 17071791 |
| acute systemic immune activation following vaginal exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin b--implications for menstrual shock. | menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mtss) is an acute systemic inflammatory disease associated with the superantigenic exotoxin, toxic shock syndrome toxin (tsst)-1, produced by staphylococcus aureus and the use of high absorbency tampons. even though s. aureus is capable of elaborating several other superantigenic exotoxins, only tsst-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mtss possibly because most other superantigenic exotoxins are known enterotoxins. nonetheless, we have shown recently tha ... | 2007 | 17070600 |
| a case of guillain-barrè syndrome following staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. | guillain-barrè syndrome (gbs) is the most important cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis in western countries and it is preceded in almost all cases by an infectious disease such as campylobacter jejuni or cytomegalovirus. however, gbs associated with previous bacterial endocarditis is very rare. we report the case of a 74-year-old man with gbs following staphylococcus aureus endocarditis affecting aortic valve. although the absolute incidence of gbs is low, the present case stresses the need ... | 2007 | 17070944 |
| antimicrobial disinfection effect of a laundering procedure for hospital textiles against various indicator bacteria and fungi using different substrates for simulating human excrements. | recent studies confirm the increase of nosocomial infections and microbial resistance. one of the possible causes is infected textiles due to inappropriate laundering procedures. most slovenian laundries use thermal laundering procedures with high energy and water consumption to disinfect hospital textiles. in addition to this fact, there is an increasing number of hospital textiles composed of cotton/polyester blends that cannot endure high temperatures of thermal disinfection. on the other han ... | 2007 | 17046191 |
| [h3n2 subtype of human influenza pneumonia with staphylococcal sepsis and staphylococcal pneumonia: report of one case]. | to investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and therapy of influenza pneumonia with staphylococcal infection. one patient in our hospital was diagnosed and the literatures on the subject were reviewed. the patient presented with high fever and dyspnea. arterial gas analysis indicated type 1 respiratory failure. chest x ray photographs showed bilateral infiltrations and bilateral encapsulated pleural effusions. viral separation and culture of pharyngeal swab indicated h(3)n(2) subtype ... | 2007 | 18087564 |
| in vitro propagation and chemical and biological studies of the essential oil of salvia przewalskii maxim. | the procedure of salvia przewalskii shoot multiplication and the ability of regenerated plants to produce essential oil is reported. the essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from leaves and flowering stems of field-grown plants, and their chemical composition was examined by gc, gc-ms and 1h nmr. the differences in yield as well as qualitative and quantitative composition between the oils isolated from in vitro and in vivo plants were observed. s. przewalskii essential oil was tested ... | 2007 | 18274288 |
| staphylococcal zoonosis on dairy farms in assam and meghalaya. | to assess if staphylococcus aureus is transmitted between man and animals & vice-versa. | 2007 | 18240469 |
| development of a mouse model of induced staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis. | we developed a mouse model of staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis to evaluate the efficacy of experimental antibacterial compounds for this disease. experimental infective endocarditis was produced in cd1 mice by intravenous challenge with approximately 6 log10 colony-forming units (cfu) of methicillin-sensitive (mssa) sa-3529 or -resistant (mrsa) sa-2015 s. aureus 1 d after aortic valve trauma. valve trauma was produced by introduction of an indwelling 32-gauge polyurethane catheter in ... | 2007 | 18246868 |
| detection the staphylococcus aureus producing enterotoxin isolated from skin infections in hospitalized patients. | staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that produces a wide array of toxins, thus causing various type of disease symptoms. staphyloceccal enterotoxins (ses), a family of 9 major serological types of heat-stable enterotoxins, are a main cause of gastroenteritis and skin infection. in this study to determine the extent of enterotoxin-producing s. aureus in skin infections of hospitalized patients, their samples were screened and the results showed that 42% of totally 200 patients studied ... | 2007 | 19069525 |
| the role of human beta-defensin-2 in bone. | osteomyelitis often causes functional impairment due to tissue destruction. this report demonstrates a novel previously unappreciated role of osteoblasts. samples of osteomyelitic bone and bacterially challenged osteoblasts produce increased amounts of antimicrobial peptides in order to combat bacterial bone infection. an osteomyelitis mouse model confirmed the osseous induction of the murine homologue of human beta-defensin-2, suggesting a central role in the prevention of bacterial bone infect ... | 2008 | 19094191 |
| dermatitis in a rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) experimentally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. | dermatopathies are common with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, affecting an estimated 90% of hiv patients. opportunistic infections are common and include viral, bacterial and fungal etiologies. dermal eruptions from highly active anti-retroviral therapy (haart) or antibiotics such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tms) are also common, and can be challenging to differentiate from other causes of dermatitis. presented is a challenging dermatology case involving a six year old male ... | 2008 | 18269525 |
| methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus control at the national university hospital, singapore: a historical perspective. | the national university hospital (nuh) was the first restructured public hospital in singapore. as the most recently established hospital in singapore, it has a unique record of alert organisms including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). | 2008 | 19037520 |
| identification and characterization of sigma, a novel component of the staphylococcus aureus stress and virulence responses. | s. aureus is a highly successful pathogen that is speculated to be the most common cause of human disease. the progression of disease in s. aureus is subject to multi-factorial regulation, in response to the environments encountered during growth. this adaptive nature is thought to be central to pathogenesis, and is the result of multiple regulatory mechanisms employed in gene regulation. in this work we describe the existence of a novel s. aureus regulator, an as yet uncharacterized ecf-sigma f ... | 2008 | 19050758 |
| pathogenomics of the staphylococci: insights into niche adaptation and the emergence of new virulent strains. | because of its importance as a major human and animal pathogen, staphylococcus aureus has been the focus of intensive research efforts. at the time of writing, the genomes of 14 isolates of s. aureus have been published and released into the public domain with many more genome sequencing projects underway, representing an excellent resource for studies of bacterial evolution and pathogenesis. recently, whole genome sequences of several other species of the staphylococcus genus have been complete ... | 2008 | 19054087 |
| [methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus-induced pyomyositis that emerged during recovery from drug-induced pancytopenia]. | pyomyositis is a purulent infection of skeletal muscle characterized by fever, localized muscle pain and stiffness, swelling and tenderness. hematological disorder is one of the predisposing conditions for the development of pyomyositis. a 54-year-old man developed methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus pyomyositis during drug-induced pancytopenia. debridement of the infection foci combined with antimicrobial agents proved effective even in the advanced stage of the disease. in patients wit ... | 2008 | 18277598 |
| validation of virulence and epidemiology dna microarray for identification and characterization of staphylococcus aureus isolates. | the human pathogen staphylococcus aureus is isolated and characterized using traditional culture and sensitivity methodologies that are slow and offer limited information on the organism. in contrast, dna microarray technology can provide detailed, clinically relevant information on the isolate by detecting the presence or absence of a large number of virulence-associated genes simultaneously in a single assay. we have developed and validated a novel, cost-effective multiwell microarray for the ... | 2008 | 18287310 |
| viper metalloproteinase (agkistrodon halys pallas) with antimicrobial activity against multi-drug resistant human pathogens. | metalloproteinases are abundant enzymes in crotalidae and viperidae snake venoms. snake venom metalloproteinases (svmps) comprise a family of zinc-dependent enzymes, which display many different biological activities. a 23.1 kda protein was isolated from agkistrodon halys (pallas, chinese viper) snake venom. the toxin is a single chain polypeptide with a molecular weight of 23146.61 and an n-terminal sequence (miqvllvticlavfpyqgssiiles) relatively similar to that of other metalloprotein-like pro ... | 2008 | 18297685 |
| adamantinoma associated with botryomycosis: the first report of this rare association after trauma. | a 27-year-old man presented with swelling and inflammation of his right tibia, which had been present for nearly 3 years. it apparently was associated with an injury that was sustained to the right leg when it was struck against a tree stump, which had led to immediate swelling. there were no other symptoms and no history of fever or weight loss. the right tibia was swollen to twice the size of the left and the skin was indurated with numerous crusted lesions and some sinus-like areas, but no ul ... | 2008 | 18312455 |
| insecticidal properties and microbial contaminants in a spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (baculoviridae) formulation stored at different temperatures. | the spodoptera exigua (hübner) multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (semnpv) is currently being tested as a biological insecticide for use in greenhouse crops in southern spain. we performed a study in which semipurified semnpv occlusion bodies (obs) were formulated in phosphate-buffered saline, ph 6.5, with 5% (vol:vol) glycerol and 0.15% (wt:vol) sorbic acid, and they were stored at -20, 4, or 25 degrees c during 18 mo. initial aerobic counts (+/-se) averaged 1.4 (+/-0.17) x 10(7) colony-forming unit ... | 2008 | 18330114 |
| activities of daptomycin and comparative antimicrobials, singly and in combination, against extracellular and intracellular staphylococcus aureus and its stable small-colony variant in human monocyte-derived macrophages and in broth. | we investigated the antistaphylococcal activities of daptomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin against two staphylococcus aureus strains and their stable small-colony variants, singly and in combination, in human monocyte-derived macrophages and in broth. intracellularly, the three-drug combination and two-drug combinations with rifampin were most effective. extracellularly, daptomycin, daptomycin plus gentamicin, gentamicin plus rifampin, and the three-drug combination had similar activities. | 2008 | 18332172 |
| the antibacterial and antifungal properties of trappin-2 (pre-elafin) do not depend on its protease inhibitory function. | trappin-2 (also known as pre-elafin) is an endogenous inhibitor of neutrophil serine proteases and is involved in the control of excess proteolysis, especially in inflammatory events, along with the structurally related secretory leucocyte proteinase inhibitor. secretory leucocyte proteinase inhibitor has been shown to have antibacterial and antifungal properties, whereas recent data indicate that trappin-2 has antimicrobial activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. in t ... | 2008 | 18341586 |
| the mu opioid receptor mediates morphine-induced tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 inhibition in toll-like receptor 2-stimulated monocytes. | morphine possesses immunomodulatory effects but its intrinsic mechanisms, especially in the toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) signaling pathway, are only partially understood. in this study, we evaluated the effects of morphine on tumor necrosis factor (tnf), interleukin-6 (il-6), and interleukin-10 (il-10) production in tlr2-stimulated human monocytes and identified the involvement of the different opioid receptors, and of the lymphocyte-to-monocyte contact. | 2008 | 18349186 |
| predictors of mucoid pseudomonas colonization in cystic fibrosis patients. | chronic mucoid pseudomonas aeruginosa within the airway in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients can determine prognosis. understanding the risk factors of mucoid p. aeruginosa acquisition may change how we deliver care. this study aims to evaluate whether presence of risk factors reported to predict disease severity including gender, cftr genotype, bacterial organisms in airway cultures, and serum levels of vitamins a and e, albumin, c-reactive protein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and immunoglobulins increase ... | 2008 | 18361452 |