Publications

genomic determinants of cardiovirulence in coxsackievirus b3 clinical isolates: localization to the 5' nontranslated region.	coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) infections can cause myocarditis in humans and are implicated in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy. the natural genetic determinants of cardiovirulence for cvb3 have not been identified, although using strains engineered in the laboratory, cardiovirulence determinants have been identified in the cvb3 5' nontranslated region (5'ntr) and capsid. the myocarditic phenotypes of two cvb3 clinical isolates were determined using an established murine model of inflammato ...	2000	10775617
molecular analysis of the prototype coxsackievirus b5 genome.	to facilitate studies of the phylogenetic relationship between enteroviruses, in particular the prototype strain (faulkner) of coxsackievirus b5 (cvb5f) and other cvb5 isolates and to facilitate studies of the interactions between cvb5f and the target cell, the complete nucleotide sequence of the prototype has been determined. the complete sequence was collected from three overlapping reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) generated amplicons. molecular analysis of the cvb5f ge ...	2000	10752549
a group b coxsackievirus/poliovirus 5' nontranslated region chimera can act as an attenuated vaccine strain in mice.	the linear, single-stranded enterovirus rna genome is flanked at either end with a nontranslated region (ntr). by replacing the entire 5' ntr of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) with that from type 1 poliovirus, a progeny virus was obtained following transfection of hela cells. the chimeric virus, cpv/49, replicates like the parental cvb3 strain in hela cells but is attenuated for replication and yield in primary human coronary artery endothelial cell cultures, in a human pancreas tumor cell line, and i ...	2000	10756016
role of mip-2 in coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis.	interleukin-8 (il-8) is a chemotactic cytokine for neutrophils and lymphocytes. macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (mip-2) is a murine counterpart of il-8. the present study was performed to determine the role of mip-2 in murine myocarditis. we examined (1) the mip-2 producing activity of coxsackievirus b3 (cb3)-infected cultured macrophages, (2) serial plasma mip-2 levels in cb3-induced mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and (3) the effects of anti-mouse mip-2 monoclonal antibody ...	2000	10756119
echovirus infection of rhabdomyosarcoma cells is inhibited by antiserum to the complement control protein cd59.	a number of echoviruses use decay accelerating factor (daf) as a cellular receptor or attachment protein for cell infection. binding of echovirus 7 to daf at the cell surface, but not to soluble daf in solution, triggers the formation of virus particles exhibiting an altered sedimentation coefficient ('a' particles) which are considered indicative of the particle uncoating process. we have previously demonstrated that antibodies to beta(2)-microglobulin block cell infection at a stage prior to ' ...	2000	10769083
immune recognition of swine vesicular disease virus structural proteins: novel antigenic regions that are not exposed in the capsid.	swine vesicular disease virus (svdv) is an enterovirus of the picornaviridae family that belongs to the coxsackievirus b group. a number of antigenic sites have been identified in svdv by analysis of neutralizing monoclonal antibody-resistant mutants and shown to be exposed on the surface of the capsid. in this paper we have identified seven new immunodominant antigenic regions in svdv capsid proteins by a peptide scanning method, using a panel of sera from infected pigs. when these antigenic re ...	2000	10772981
the picornavirus replication inhibitors hbb and guanidine in the echovirus-9 system: the significance of viral protein 2c.	hbb [2-(alpha-hydroxybenzyl)-benzimidazole] and guanidine are potent inhibitors of picornavirus replication. among other evidence, limited cross-resistance and a synergistic effect of both inhibitors suggest similar but not identical mechanisms of antiviral action. echovirus-9 variants resistant to each of these drugs were characterized and sequenced. complete resistance to hbb or guanidine was shown to be due to single but different point mutations in the non-structural protein 2c. protein 2c w ...	2000	10725414
coxsackie b virus. the great pretender.		2000	10721544
echoviruses and coxsackie b viruses that use human decay-accelerating factor (daf) as a receptor do not bind the rodent analogues of daf.	many serotypes of echovirus (ev) and coxsackie b virus (cbv) bind human decay-accelerating factor (daf) and use it as a receptor for infection. analogues for daf have been isolated from mice and rats and characterized; these analogues have amino acid identities to human daf of approximately 60%. ev serotypes 3, 6', 7, 11-13, and 29 and cbv serotypes 1, 3, and 5 caused hemagglutination of human erythrocytes but not rat or mouse erythrocytes, suggesting failure to bind rodent daf. to confirm this ...	2000	10608785
enteroviral infection causing fatal myocarditis and subclinical myopathy.	enteroviral rna detection in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy is rare. enteroviral particles and rna have recently been identified in patient's skeletal muscle, suggesting that skeletal more than heart muscle hosts the virus in chronic infection. enteroviral rna and virus-like particles were found in the myocardium and in the skeletal muscle of two patients with fatal myocarditis: a 39 year old man who died five days after the onset of febrile flu; and a 49 year old woman, assisted for 50 ...	2000	10618342
detection of coxsackie b2 virus myocarditis in a neonate using tl-201 and i-123 bmipp myocardial imaging.		2000	10634546
expression of the adenovirus receptor and its interaction with the fiber knob.	the coxsackievirus group b (cvb) and adenovirus (ad) receptor (hcvadr, formerly hcar) is a cell surface protein with two immunoglobulin-like regions (ig1 and ig2) that serves as a receptor for two structurally unrelated viruses. we have established the tissue distribution of the receptor in the rodent by immunohistochemistry and show that the receptor is broadly expressed during embryonic development in the central and peripheral nervous systems and in several types of epithelial cells. the tiss ...	2000	10666333
isolation of viruses from stools in stem cell transplant recipients: a prospective surveillance study.	we prospectively examined stool specimens for enteric viruses in 75 stem cell transplant recipients (autologous 48, allogeneic 27) to determine the frequency and significance of these infections. only six patients (8%) had a positive isolate. five of these were allograft recipients (18%) compared to one autograft recipient (2%) (p = 0.02). unrelated donor bmt recipients were at the highest risk for a viral isolate (or = 10.5). adenovirus was the commonest isolate (four patients). one patient eac ...	2000	10673699
a new enzyme immunoassay for the detection of enteroviruses in faecal specimens.	a new enzyme immunoassay (eia) for direct detection of enteroviruses based on a group-specific monoclonal antibody was evaluated using stool samples from patients with suspected enteroviral infection. the eia was compared with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and virus isolation in cell culture. of 204 samples tested, 20 were positive by eia, 34 by pcr, and 18 by cell culture. compared with pcr, the most sensitive method, the sensitivity of eia was 58% (20/34); the sensitivity of cell culture iso ...	2000	10686028
in vitro priming with adenovirus/gp100 antigen-transduced dendritic cells reveals the epitope specificity of hla-a*0201-restricted cd8+ t cells in patients with melanoma.	replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus (ad) encoding human gp100 or mart-1 melanoma ag was used to transduce human dendritic cells (dc) ex vivo as a model system for cancer vaccine therapy. a second generation e1/e4 region deleted ad which harbors the cmv immediate-early promoter/enhancer and a unique e4-orf6/pix chimeric gene was employed as the backbone vector. we demonstrate that human monocyte-derived dc are permissive to ad infection at multiplicity of infection between 100 and 500 an ...	2000	10706736
fatty acid-depleted albumin induces the formation of echovirus a particles.	picornavirus infection requires virus uncoating, associated with the production of 135s "a" particles and 80s empty particles from 160s mature virions, to release the rna genome into the cell cytoplasm. normal albumin inhibits this process. we now show that when depleted of fatty acids, albumin induces the formation of echovirus a particles.	2000	10708459
an outbreak of echovirus 11 in a children's home.	an outbreak of echovirus 11 infection was observed in a children's home that housed 16 children. nine children younger than 1 year shared a large room on the first floor, which contained a large basin. three of them presented with aseptic meningitis with csf and stool samples positive for echovirus 11. the other six infants who shared the room were asymptomatic but their stools were positive for echovirus 11. seven infants aged 1-2 years stayed on the second floor and were asymptomatic. one of t ...	2001	11467801
suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and induction of il-10 in human monocytes after coxsackievirus b3 infection.	coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) causes acute and chronic myocarditis, which is accompanied by an intense mononuclear leukocyte infiltration. because myocardial tissue damage may either result from viral infections or from a dysregulated immune response, the susceptibility of human monocytes and macrophages to cvb3 was examined in this study with regard to virus replication, virus persistence, and release of cytokines. monocytes were infected by cvb3 as shown by the intracellular appearance of plus- and ...	2001	11468734
expression of immunoregulatory cytokines by recombinant coxsackievirus b3 variants confers protection against virus-caused myocarditis.	clinical and laboratory investigations have demonstrated the involvement of viruses and bacteria as potential causative agents in cardiovascular disease and have specifically found coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) to be a leading cause. experimental data indicate that cytokines are involved in controlling cvb3 replication. therefore, recombinant cvb3 (cvb3rec) variants expressing the t-helper-1 (t(h)1)-specific gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) or the t(h)2-specific interleukin-10 (il-10) as well as the cont ...	2001	11483764
isolation of coxsackievirus b5 from pigs.	a cytopathic virus was isolated from young pigs suffering from severe diarrhea in okinawa, japan in 1986. the disease was highly contagious among young pigs. the physico-chemical properties of the virus indicated an enterovirus, but, no of serological relationship was detected with reference strains of porcine enteroviruses. with the aid of genbank for genomic sequence data, rt-pcr and hybridization method was performed. the viral isolate was identified as the coxsackievirus (cv) b5 of human ent ...	2001	11497077
genetic characterization of the coxsackievirus b2 3' untranslated region.	the secondary structure of the 3' untranslated region (3'utr) of picornaviruses is thought to be important for the initiation of negative-strand rna synthesis. in this study, genetic and biological analyses of the 3' terminus of coxsackievirus b2 (cvb2), which differs from other enteroviruses due to the presence of five additional nucleotides prior to the poly(a) tail, is reported. the importance of this extension was investigated using a 3'utr mutant lacking the five nucleotides prior to the po ...	2001	11369877
echoviruses 1 and 8 are closely related genetically, and bind to similar determinants within the vla-2 i domain.	echoviruses (ev) 1 and 8 were originally considered to be distinct serotypes, but more recently have been considered strains of the same virus. in experiments with chimeric recombinant fusion proteins, both viruses bound to the i domain of the integrin vla-2, and both required the same receptor residues for attachment. a full-length, infectious cdna clone encoding ev1 was obtained; its nucleotide sequence was determined, as were the sequences encoding the ev8 capsid. ev1 and 8 show 94% amino aci ...	2001	11376841
a rapid assay for evaluation of antiviral activity against coxsackie virus b3, influenza virus a, and herpes simplex virus type 1.	in order to identify new potential antiviral drugs, small amounts of extracts or compounds have to be examined for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity in primary screening using a rapid, easy, inexpensive, and highly standardised test system. in this study, high-throughput cytopathic effect (cpe) inhibitory assays were established for coxsackie virus b3 on hela ohio cells, influenza virus a on madin-darby canine kidney cells, and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) on green monkey kidney cells t ...	2001	11377720
cytokine production by vgamma(+)-t-cell subsets is an important factor determining cd4(+)-th-cell phenotype and susceptibility of balb/c mice to coxsackievirus b3-induced myocarditis.	two coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) variants (h3 and h310a1) differ by a single amino acid mutation in the vp2 capsid protein. h3 induces severe myocarditis in balb/c mice, but h310a1 is amyocarditic. infection with h3, but not h310a1, preferentially activates vgamma4 vdelta4 cells, which are strongly positive for gamma interferon (ifn-gamma), whereas vgamma1 vdelta4 cells are increased in both h3 and h310a1 virus-infected animals. depletion of vgamma1(+) cells using monoclonal anti-vgamma1 antibody en ...	2001	11390587
host selenium status selectively influences susceptibility to experimental viral myocarditis.	the purpose of the present work was to determine whether dietary selenium (se) deficiency could influence the injurious effect of human viruses other than coxsackie virus b3 (cvb3) on mouse heart. weanling c3h/hen mice were fed a se-deficient or se-adequate diet for 4 wk and then were inoculated intraperitoneally with one of the following viruses: coxsackie virus b1 (cvb1), echovirus 9 (ev9), coxsackie virus a9 (cva9), or herpes simplex 1 (hsv1). polio virus 1 (pv1) was employed as a negative co ...	2001	11393307
bone marrow failure with concurrent enteroviral infection in a newborn.	a newborn baby, with transient pancytopenia concurrent to echovirus type 11 infection, was hospitalized for fever, diarrhea, rash, generalized petechiae and hepatosplenomegaly. subsequent investigation showed bone marrow failure. to our knowledge this is the first reported case of bone marrow failure with concomitant enteroviral infection.	2001	11465851
outbreak of aseptic meningitis by echo 4: prevalence of clinical cases among adults.	twenty five cases of meningitis occurred in urban areas surrounding a city (modena) in northern italy, in the period may-july 1999. when the patients were admitted to the infectious diseases division of the university of modena and reggio emilia hospital and studied by virological and serological methods, the meningitis proved to have an enteroviral origin and enterovirus echo 4 type was responsible for all cases of illness. an epidemiological characteristic of the enteroviral meninigitis outbre ...	2001	11209838
analysis of tcr vbeta repertoire and cytokine gene expression in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.	although the etiopathogenesis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (idc) is still unclear, it is widely accepted that a complex interplay between viral infections and immune mechanisms is the basis of disease genesis. previously, we showed that heart-infiltrating t cells of patients suffering from acute, fulminant coxsackie virus b3+-idc shared a preferential usage of three variable gene segments of the t cell receptor beta chain-(tcr-vbeta) encoding families vbeta3, 7 and 13.1. this indicated t ...	2001	11221991
[water-borne outbreak of serous meningitis caused by echovirus-30 in belarus].	in recent years outbreak of enterovirus infections caused by echovirus-30 were rather frequently registered in different european countries. a major outbreak caused by this virus took place during the summer-autumn period of 1997 in the city of gomel, belarus. sanitary epidemiological and molecular epidemiological studies made it possible to determine that the outbreak was water-borne. the sequence analysis of echovirus-30 strains isolated from water and the cerebrospinal fluid of patients revea ...	2001	11236495
specific inhibition of coxsackievirus b3 translation and replication by phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides.	the 5' and 3' untranslated regions (utrs) of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) rna form highly ordered secondary structures that have been confirmed to play important regulatory roles in viral cap-independent internal translation initiation and rna replication. we previously demonstrated that deletions in different regions of the 5' utr significantly reduced viral rna translation and infectivity. such observations suggested strongly that viral rna translation and replication could be blocked if highly sp ...	2001	11257014
identification of echovirus 1 and coxsackievirus a9 receptor molecules via a novel flow cytometric quantification method.	background: virus-receptor binding is an essential step in every virus infectious process. many viruses employ more than one receptor molecule or even receptor complexes for attachment. in this study, we investigate the binding of echovirus 1 (echo1) and coxsackievirus a9 (cav-9) on cell surface molecules. cav-9 has been reported to utilize integrin alpha v beta(3) in binding to cells, whereas echo1 has been known to utilize integrin alpha 2 beta(1). methods and results we directly test whether ...	2001	11260595
altered expression of bag-1 in coxsackievirus b3 infected mouse heart.	the mechanisms by which coxsackie b viruses cause myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy are not well understood. this study examined changes in the expression of cardiac genes resulting from coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) infection of mice.	2001	11282077
enterovirus infection--a possible trigger for graves' disease?	viruses are potential environmental factors in autoimmune disease. some evidence suggests a relationship between enteroviral infection (especially coxsackie b virus) and autoimmunity. we investigated 21 individuals with recent onset of graves' hyperthyroidism in regard of (subclinical) enterovirus infection. thyrotoxic symptoms had started about two months before blood sample collection. the patients were from upper austria and mainly female (17/21). their mean free thyroxin levels in blood were ...	2001	11293951
rapid production of recombinant allergens in nicotiana benthamiana and their impact on diagnosis and therapy.	type i allergies are immunological disorders that afflict a quarter of the world's population. recombinant allergens have improved the diagnosis of allergic diseases and allow the formulation of new therapeutic approaches. over 50% of all allergens are of plant origin.	2001	11306923
echoviruses bind heparan sulfate at the cell surface.	some echoviruses (ev) that bind decay-accelerating factor (daf) also bind cells of human and murine origins in a daf-independent manner. pretreatment of cells with heparinase 1 or heparin blocks the binding of radiolabeled virus to the cell surface, and heparin prevents infection of rhabdomyosarcoma cells by certain ev, including several low-passage clinical isolates of ev 6 and some ev that do not bind daf. these studies suggest that heparan sulfate may be of in vivo relevance as an attachment ...	2001	11312365
inhibition of coxsackievirus b4 replication in stably transfected cells expressing human mxa protein.	coxsackieviruses b (cvb) (b1-b6), positive-strand rna viruses, cause a variety of diseases. cvb4 may have a causal role in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ifn-alpha inhibits cvb replication; however, the mechanism is not well known. the interferon-alpha-inducible human mxa protein exerts an antiviral activity against negative-strand rna viruses and against semliki forest virus, a positive-strand rna virus. to test the antiviral spectrum of mxa against cvb4, we took advantage of stably trans ...	2001	11312665
cardioselective infection with coxsackievirus b3 requires intact type i interferon signaling: implications for mortality and early viral replication.	interferons (ifns) play an important role in antiviral defense and have therapeutic potential in coxsackievirus heart disease. however, little is known about the relative contributions of type i and type ii ifn signaling in coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) infection or their role in the cardioselective nature of cvb3 infection.	2001	11156890
decreased immediate inflammatory gene induction in activating transcription factor-2 mutant mice.	transcription factor activating transcription factor (atf)-2 is activated by inflammatory signals transduced by the jnk and p38 map kinase pathways. to better define the role of atf-2 in inflammation, adult mice expressing small amounts of a mutant atf-2 protein were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (lps), anti-cd3 antibody or virus. within 3 h of challenge by lps, atf-2 mutant mice had decreased induction of the adhesion molecules e-selectin, p-selectin and vcam-1 as well as the cytokines tum ...	2001	11157857
using recombinant coxsackievirus b3 to evaluate the induction and protective efficacy of cd8+ t cells during picornavirus infection.	coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) is a common human pathogen that has been associated with serious diseases including myocarditis and pancreatitis. to better understand the effect of cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) responses in controlling cvb3 infection, we have inserted well-characterized ctl epitopes into the cvb3 genome. constructs were made by placing the epitope of interest upstream of the open reading frame encoding the cvb3 polyprotein, separated by a poly-glycine linker and an artificial 3cpro/3cdp ...	2001	11160741
antiviral and antiproliferative activity in vitro of some new benzimidazole derivatives.	the antiviral and antiproliferative activity of new compounds having n-benzenesulphony 1-2 (2 or 3-pyridylethyl) benzimidazole as a base structure were studied in vitro. their antitumour activity against human chronic myeloid leukaemia cells was evaluated and compared with that of equimolar doses of daunorubicin. only compound 7a, with the presence of both the pyridyl moiety bound at the ethylenic bridge in c-2 of benzimidazole and the nitro-group in the benzene ring, displays a selective antipr ...	2001	11169164
differences in inhibition of replication between coxsackie b4 virus strains in various cell lines by antibodies to some cell surface proteins.	monoclonal antibodies that interact with the decay accelerating factor (daf, cd55), the lymphocyte homing receptor (cd44) or the intercellular adhesion molecule i (icam- 1) were found to inhibit the replication of different strains of coxsackievirus serotype b4 (cbv-4) to various extent. by adding antibodies to cd55 the replication of two (v345 and vd2921) of seven strains in hela cells, three (v89-4557, vd2921 and t318) of seven in a549-10c cells and one (vd2921) of five strains in rd cells was ...	2001	11172916
[study on specificity of igm antibody response in patients with coxsackie virus b infection].	to study the specificity of igm antibody response in patients with coxsackie virus b infection.	2001	12526307
[experimental study of the virus inhibitory effect of chuan-kang-ping granule].	to explore the virus inhibitory effect of chuan-kang-ping granule.	2001	12526312
[detection of coxsackie virus b3 gene in myocardium and spleen samples in myocarditis with sudden death].	to detect the coxsackie virus b3(cvb3) gene in myocardium and spleen tissues in viral myocarditis(vmc) with sudden death and to explore the diagnostic method for vmc by means of seeking pathogene.	2001	12533859
[experimental study on effect of xinkang oral liquid on coxsackie b3 viral myocarditis in mice].	to study the therapeutic effect of xinkang oral liquid (xkol) in treating acute coxsackie b3 viral myocarditis in mice.	2001	12577357
mechanisms of chronic enteroviral persistence in tissue.	although the association remains controversial, enteroviruses have been implicated in the aetiology of several chronic diseases in humans. investigations in vitro lead to better understanding of virus-cell interactions, and improve our knowledge of the molecular factors that are involved in the establishment and maintenance of these infections. recent findings suggest that the most important factor in the establishment of a persistent infection is receptor usage. studies of the mechanisms that a ...	2001	11964840
[sero-monitoring of notifiable diseases in wild boar in the netherlands 1999-2001].	within the framework of a sero-monitoring system, in operation since 1996. blood samples from wild boar shot during the hunting seasons 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 in the netherlands were screened for the presence of antibodies against classical swine fever virus (csfv), swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), and anjeszky's disease virus (adv). the results indicate that csfv, svdv, and adv are uncommon in the wild boar population in the netherlands. because of the recent foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) ...	2001	11780256
mechanisms of integrin-mediated virus attachment and internalization process.	viruses that propagate within vertebrate hosts have adapted many strategies to infect host cells. one of the first steps in a viral infection is the binding of the virus to cell surface molecules. this interaction between a virus and its receptors plays a key role in the multiplication cycle. entry of viruses into cells is a complex, multistep process, and for several viruses, cell attachment and internalization are distinct steps. a number of virus receptors have been identified; a common famil ...	2001	11922076
[the inhibitory effect of decomposed chinese traditional medicine chaihu on coxsackie b virus(cvb3m) replication and its influence on cell activity].	to study the anti-coxsackie b virus (cvb3m) action of chaihu(xct) and its decomposed herb soups no.1 and no.2 in vitro, and also their protective effect on cells.	2001	11986707
[nucelotide sequence of an echo virus isolated from a meningiti].	to determine the nucleotide sequences of w strain (zhaoyuan/w/87) isolated from a meningitis patient, and compare them with the sequences of relational enteroviruses.	2001	11986730
coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (car) binds immunoglobulins.	the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor protein (car) serves as the cell surface receptor for group b coxsackieviruses and most adenoviruses, but the physiological function and ligand for this protein remain to be described. an affinity column was constructed with the recombinant extracellular domain of the car (recar) to isolate potential ligands by affinity chromatography. immunoglobulins g and m were consistently isolated from human sera passed through the column, suggesting that the car m ...	2001	11724543
no evidence of abnormal regulation of antibody response to coxsackievirus b4 antigen in prediabetic children.	enterovirus infections are a potential environmental trigger of the autoimmune process leading to clinical type 1 diabetes. it has been suggested that the risk of virus-induced beta-cell damage might be connected with a defect in humoral immune responsiveness to enteroviruses. in the present study we assessed whether such a defect in igg responsiveness to coxsackievirus b4 antigen existed in young children who developed diabetes-associated autoantibodies during prospective observation from birth ...	2001	11737058
the group b coxsackieviruses and myocarditis.	the six serotypes of the group b coxsackieviruses (cvb) are common human enteroviruses linked etiologically to inflammatory cardiomyopathies. this has been demonstrated by molecular detection of enteroviral rna in human heart tissue, serologic associations with disease, and virus isolation from cases of fulminant myocarditis. the murine model of cvb-associated myocarditis has demonstrated that cvb can be attenuated through mutations at different genomic sites. human cvb3 isolates demonstrate var ...	2001	11746998
viral water contamination as the cause of aseptic meningitis outbreak in belarus.	in the recent years echovirus-30 associated outbreaks have taken place in different european countries. aseptic meningitis caused by echovirus-30 was the main diagnosis of a large outbreak in belarus in summer-autumn, 1997, involving 460 patients. echovirus-30 was detected in cerebrospinal fluid of the patients with aseptic meningitis. this serotype played the dominant role in the outbreak. minor serotypes and mixtures of enteroviruses were detected in faeces and nasopharyngeal lavages. investig ...	2001	11505740
t cell activation by coxsackievirus b4 antigens in type 1 diabetes mellitus: evidence for selective tcr vbeta usage without superantigenic activity.	numerous clinical and epidemiological studies link enteroviruses such as the coxsackie virus group with the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes mellitus (dm). in addition, there are reports that patients with type 1 dm are characterized by skewing of tcr vbeta chain selection among peripheral blood and intraislet t lymphocytes. to examine these issues, we analyzed tcr vbeta chain-specific up-regulation of the early t cell activation marker, cd69, on cd4 t cells after incubation with coxsackieviru ...	2001	11544345
persistent expression of cytokines in the chronic stage of cvb3-induced myocarditis in nmri mice.	coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3)-induced myocarditis in nmri mice represents a model for studying the pathogenesis of this chronic heart disease. previously, we reported on specific cytokine patterns during the acute stage of myocarditis since cytokines are thought to play the important role in this cardiomyopathy. in this study, the expression of various cytokine mrnas and cvb3-rna kinetics was examined with particular emphasis on the late phase of myocarditis, by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase ...	2001	11549341
[coxsackie b viral infection in the etiology and clinical pathogenesis of psoriasis].	the data submitted point to the importance of the enteroviral infection, in particular, coxsackie' b vira in the pathogenesis of many non-infectious diseases. our studies explore the possibility for the coxsackie b virus involvement in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis. 25 examined patients with psoriasis revealed in 100% of cases antibodies to the coxsackie b virus in diagnostic titres, with a number of patients having displayed a progressive increase in the titres of the above antibodies, whic ...	2001	11560028
poliovirus surveillance by examining sewage specimens. quantitative recovery of virus after introduction into sewerage at remote upstream location.	in order to assess the feasibility of environmental poliovirus surveillance, known amounts of poliovirus type 1, strain sabin, were flushed into the sewage network of helsinki. grab specimens collected at a remote downstream location and concentrated about a 100-fold revealed infectious poliovirus on four successive days in all three separate experiments. as for concentration, a simple two-phase separation method was found to be at least as useful as a several-fold more resource-demanding polyet ...	2001	11561962
[significance of congenital mixed viral infection in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity].	forty-three infants aged 1-5 months with somatic and neurological diseases, including congenital, 18 of these with retrolental fibroplasia (rf) and 25 without rf were examined. control group consisted of 36 age-matched infants. based on identification of viral antigens in urine precipitate cells, mixed viral infection was diagnosed in 100% patients and 16.6% healthy babies. ophthalmotropic echo 11 and 19 viruses were detected in 100% patients with rf, 28% patients without rf, and 10% healthy bab ...	2001	11569172
interaction of coxsackievirus b3 with the full length coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor.	group b coxsackieviruses (cvb) utilize the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (car) to recognize host cells. car is a membrane protein with two ig-like extracellular domains (d1 and d2), a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain. the three-dimensional structure of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) in complex with full length human car and also with the d1d2 fragment of car were determined to approximately 22 a resolution using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-em). pairs of transmembrane domains of ca ...	2001	11573093
the replication of certain coxsackie b virus strains in cho cells.	cell surface molecules that can act as viral receptors may exert an important selective pressure on rna viral quasi-species. coxsackie-adenovirus receptor and decay accelerating factor (daf, cd55) have been identified as receptors for coxsackie b virus. in studies of viral replication using different strains of coxsackievirus serotype 4 (cbv-4), it was found that despite lack of expression of these cell surface molecules on chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells and despite their common use as negati ...	2001	11576643
aseptic meningitis in germany associated with echovirus type 13.	echoviruses are the commonest cause of aseptic meningitis. echovirus type 13 which has not been isolated in germany over a long period of time was the predominant enterovirus serotype associated with different local outbreaks of aseptic meningitis in germany in 2000.	2001	11591222
a-549 is a suitable cell line for primary isolation of coxsackie b viruses.	a common receptor for coxsackie b virus and adenovirus has been described recently in cells of human and murine origin. since the established cell line a-549 is suitable for adenoviruses, the potential use of a-549 cells for the isolation of coxsackie b viruses from clinical samples was investigated. all throat swabs sent to the laboratory between april 1998 and june 1999 were inoculated onto monolayers of mrc-5 and a-549 cells in tubes, and the enterovirus isolates obtained were typed. from apr ...	2001	11596090
virulence of swine vesicular disease virus is determined at two amino acids in capsid protein vp1 and 2a protease.	to identify the genetic determinants of virulence for swine vesicular disease virus, a panel of recombinant and site-directed mutant viruses were constructed from cdna clones of a virulent j1'73 strain and an avirulent h/3'76 strain. initial studies mapped the genetic determinants of virulence to either or both of the two sites at nucleotide (nt) 2842, encoding vp1-132, and nt 3355, encoding 2a-20. to determine their relative importance with regard to virulence, viruses mutated at either of thes ...	2001	11597755
antibody-dependent enhancement of coxsackievirus b4 infectivity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells results in increased interferon-alpha synthesis.	igg devoid of neutralizing activity and isolated from donor plasma by chromatography formed immune complexes with coxsackievirus b4 (cvb4) and significantly increased the infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with cvb4. the major host cells for cvb4 infection enhanced with igg are monocytic cd14+ cells. the roles of cvb and adenovirus receptor and fcgamma receptor ii and iii have been shown. increased viral replication and the release of infectious particles were demonstrated when inte ...	2001	11598831
the apoptotic capability of coxsackievirus b3 is influenced by the efficient interaction between the capsid protein vp2 and the proapoptotic host protein siva.	infections with coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) are common causes of myocarditis in humans. one detail of cvb3-induced pathogenesis is apoptosis. the interaction between the capsid protein vp2 of the myocardial virus variant cvb3h3 and the proapoptotic host cell protein siva has recently been observed. in order to characterize the interaction between both proteins more precisely, the binding activity of the cvb3h3 vp2 to siva was compared to that of the mutant virus cvb3h310a1 vp2. we found that the as ...	2001	11601913
an attenuating mutation in the 2a protease of swine vesicular disease virus, a picornavirus, regulates cap- and internal ribosome entry site-dependent protein synthesis.	virulent and avirulent strains of swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), a picornavirus, have been characterized previously. the major determinants for attenuation have been mapped to specific residues in the 1d-2a-coding region. the properties of the 2a proteases from the virulent and avirulent strains of svdv have now been examined. both proteases efficiently cleaved the 1d/2a junction in vitro and in vivo. however, the 2a protease of the avirulent strain of svdv was much less effective than th ...	2001	11602706
comparison of the complete nucleotide sequences of echovirus 7 strain ummc and the prototype (wallace) strain demonstrates significant genetic drift over time.	the complete nucleotide sequences are reported of two strains of echovirus 7, the prototype wallace strain (eo7-wallace) and a recent malaysian strain isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with fatal encephalomyelitis (eo7-ummc strain). the molecular findings corroborate the serological placement of the ummc strain as echovirus 7. both eo7-wallace and eo7-ummc belong to the species human enterovirus b and are most closely related to echovirus 11. eo7-ummc has undergone significant gen ...	2001	11602774
t cell-mediated immune response enhances the severity of myocarditis in secondary cardiotropic virus infection in mice.	in this report, we showed that a previous enterovirus exposure in ordinary mice with normal t cell function, but not in t cell-deficient mice, can influence development of myocardial inflammation with a second virus exposure. inoculation of 4-week-old male balb/c-nu/+ (euthymic and normal t cell function) mice with amyocarditic coxsackie virus b1 (cb1), followed by inoculation 28 days later with myocarditic variant of coxsackie virus b3 (cb3-m) resulted in more intense myocardial inflammation an ...	2001	11605990
[pathogen detection in the myocardial lesion using in situ rt-pcr in mice induced by experimental coxb(3m) virus infection].	to detect the location of pathogens in myocardium using in situ rt-pcr technique in order to study the pathogenetic course of the myocardial lesion induced by coxb(3m) virus infection in mice.	2001	11866958
[correction of immune response using purified staphylococcal toxoid and likopid in the secondary immunodeficiency induced by coxsackie virus b3].	the action of immunomodulators, purified staphylococcal toxoid (pst) and lycopid, on secondary immunodeficiency state developing during infection caused by coxsackie virus b3 was studied. this defect was manifested by delayed hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells (srbc) and the suppression of neutralizing antibodies to poliomyelitis virus. depending on the scheme of the experiment, pst normalized the defects of immune response to srbc or poliovirus, increased suppression or showed no activit ...	2001	11871300
echovirus 4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.	to determine the association between exposure to enteroviruses and type 1 diabetes.	2001	11905853
coxsackie b virus infection in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: clinical and pharmacological implications.	idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (idc) is a myocardial disease characterised by ventricular dilatation, impaired contractility, and the symptoms of congestive heart failure. although the causes of idc remain uncertain, much interest has been focused on the enteroviral infection in the myocardium in the pathogenesis of this disease. enteroviral rna has been demonstrated in the myocardium at all stages of idc. recent studies using sequence analysis of enteroviral polymerase chain reaction (pcr) p ...	2001	11784211
in vitro antiviral activity of bael (aegle marmelos corr) upon human coxsackieviruses b1-b6.	the in-vitro antiviral activity of a series of compounds in samples extracted from various parts of the indian holy tree, bael (aegle marmelos corr.) were evaluated for their efficacy against human coxsackieviruses b1-b6. the inhibitory concentrations (ic50) for leaves (l1 and l2) stem and stem bark (s1, s2, s3 and s4) fruit (f1 and f2micro) root and root bark (r1 and r2) and pure compound, the marmelide were 1000 microg/ml (for l1 and l2), 1000 microg/ml (for s1, s2, s3 and s4), 1000 microg/ml ...	2002	14768825
development and evaluation of a nucleic acid sequence based amplification (nasba) protocol for the detection of enterovirus rna in cerebrospinal fluid samples.	a nucleic acid sequence based (nasba) assay for the generic detection of enterovirus rna in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples was developed and compared with an established reverse transcription/nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocol. the sensitivity of nasba followed by detection of amplicons with a biotinylated oligonucleotide probe was < or = ten copies of enterovirus rna, indicating that enterovirus nasba achieves a similar sensitivity as nested pcr. moreover, nasba detected a panel ...	2002	11906737
type 1 diabetes: virus infection or autoimmune disease?		2002	11919574
target cell defense prevents the development of diabetes after viral infection.	the mechanisms that regulate susceptibility to virus-induced autoimmunity remain undefined. we establish here a fundamental link between the responsiveness of target pancreatic beta cells to interferons (ifns) and prevention of coxsackievirus b4 (cvb4)-induced diabetes. we found that an intact beta cell response to ifns was critical in preventing disease in infected hosts. the antiviral defense, raised by beta cells in response to ifns, resulted in a reduced permissiveness to infection and subse ...	2002	11919579
a vector with transcriptional terminators increases efficiency of cloning of an rna virus by reverse transcription long polymerase chain reaction.	full-length cdna clones of rna viruses are advantageous for maintaining the genomic sequence without the generation of diversity by accumulation of sequence mutations during productive virus replication. they permit in vitro manipulation of the genomic clone to test the effect of sequence changes on the phenotype of reactivated virus. infectious cdna clones have been produced by ligation of subgenomic clones but are sometimes difficult to generate in a single cloning operation. we used reverse-t ...	2002	11873908
selenite inhibition of coxsackie virus b5 replication: implications on the etiology of keshan disease.	keshan disease is a cardiomyopathy of unknown origin reported in some areas of china. because of epidemiologic features, this disease was ascribed to an infectious agent, likely a coxsackie virus, but it has also been thought to depend on selenium deficiency, mainly because selenite is effective in its prophylaxis. we examined the hypothesis that pharmacological activity of selenite on coxsackie virus growth was associated with prevention of keshan disease. we studied the antiviral effects of th ...	2002	11878751
coxsackie b virus and myocardial infarction.		2002	11888636
non-progressive viral myelitis in x-linked agammaglobulinemia.	we report a 14-year-old boy with x-linked agammaglobulinemia (xla) complicated by isolated non-progressive myelitis caused by coxsackie virus b1. despite the absence of immunoglobulin supplement and persistence of the virus for the initial 2 years, motor impairment did not show any progression for 3 years. this report shows that the prognosis of central nervous system infection in xla is not determined by immunoglobulin levels alone, and that it is not always progressive or fatal. the balance be ...	2002	11891104
local expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist by plasmid dna improves mortality and decreases myocardial inflammation in experimental coxsackieviral myocarditis.	the inflammatory cytokines have an important role in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis. inerleukin-1 (il-1) is one of the major cytokines that modulate the outcome of viral infection. among the methods for in vivo gene transfer, direct injection of plasmid dna is one that is simple and feasible. in this study, we expressed human il-1 receptor antagonist (hil-1ra) in the mouse heart by direct injection of a novel plasmid vector and evaluated its effects on coxsackieviral (cvb3) myocarditis.	2002	11901035
enterovirus infection can induce immune responses that cross-react with beta-cell autoantigen tyrosine phosphatase ia-2/iar.	insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes is characterized by progressive destruction of insulin-producing beta cells probably by autoreactive t lymphocytes. viral infections, especially those caused by coxsackieviruses, are postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease in humans. one mechanism by which viral infections could initiate or accelerate diabetogenic processes is "molecular mimicry," induction of antiviral immune responses cross-reacting with epitopes in the beta-cell autoant ...	2002	11793386
trans-complementation of a genetic defect in the coxsackie b3 virus 2b protein.	the enterovirus 2b protein contains a putative amphipathic alpha-helix that includes three positively charged and one negatively charged residue. previously, we observed that replacement of the glutamic acid-40 residue with a lysine residue (mutation 2b-e[40]k) in the amphipathic alpha-helix of the coxsackie b3 virus 2b protein resulted in a quasi-infectious phenotype. on one occasion, however, transfection of 2b-e[40]k rna transcripts gave rise to a virus stock in which the mutation was retaine ...	2002	11807227
enhancement of coxsackievirus b3 infection by antibody to a different coxsackievirus strain.	group b coxsackieviruses (cvbs) are a major cause of viral myocarditis and pancreatitis in humans and produce a similar pattern of disease in inbred strains of mice. as there are six strains of cvbs, individuals can be infected with multiple serotypes. this raises the possibility of antibody enhancement of infectivity (aei) by cross-reactive but non-neutralizing antibody to a different strain from a prior infection. to determine whether aei plays a role in coxsackievirus pathogenesis, an in vitr ...	2002	11807228
engineered bgmk cells for sensitive and rapid detection of enteroviruses.	decay-accelerating factor (daf) has been reported to be a cellular receptor for several enteroviruses. buffalo green monkey kidney (bgmk) cells expressing human daf (bgmk-hdaf cells) showed increased susceptibility and sensitivity to several types of enteroviruses compared to wild-type bgmk cells. when 17 frozen positive clinical samples were tested, bgmk cells detected 8 and bgmk-hdaf cells detected 16. since the caco-2 cell line has been documented to support the replication of most enteroviru ...	2002	11825943
variability in molecular typing of coxsackie a viruses by rflp analysis and sequencing.	the aim of the present study was to develop an assay capable of classifying the coxsackie a virus (cav) prototype strains on the basis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of 5'-utr-derived reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) amplicons, and to determine how these data could be used for typing wild-type cav isolates. moreover, sequencing of the amplified genomic fragments of the clinical isolates, and comparison with all the published sequences of the r ...	2002	11835534
sensitivity of primary cells immortalised by oncogene transfection for the detection and isolation of foot-and-mouth disease and swine vesicular disease viruses.	primary cells derived from calf thyroid (cty), calf kidney (ck) and piglet kidney (pk) were immortalised by oncogene transfection and their susceptibility to infection by foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus and swine vesicular disease (svd) virus examined. eighty-five immortalised cell lines (47 cty, 20 ck and 18 pk) proved stable upon repeated cell culture passage and many supported the growth of fmd virus and several of the pk cell lines supported svd virus. however, none of the immortalised li ...	2002	11750139
characterization of neutralization sites on the circulating variant of swine vesicular disease virus (svdv): a new site is shared by svdv and the related coxsackie b5 virus.	using a panel of new monoclonal antibodies (mabs), five neutralizing, conformation-dependent sites have been identified on the antigenic variant of swine vesicular disease virus (svdv) circulating currently. in studies on the antigenic conservation of these sites, the four antigenic/genetic groups of svdv described showed distinguishable patterns, confirming this classification. by sequencing mab-resistant mutants, the five sites have been mapped precisely and localized on a three-dimensional mo ...	2002	11752698
coxsackie b viruses that use human daf as a receptor infect pig cells via pig car and do not use pig daf.	coxsackie b viruses (cvb) are enteroviruses belonging to the family picornaviridae. serotypes 1, 3 and 5 of cvb bind to the human membrane complement regulator decay-accelerating factor (daf) and the coxsackievirus/adenovirus receptor (car), using either or both as receptors. these viruses are known to infect pig cell lines, but the receptor(s) involved has not been identified. we have recently characterized the pig homologue of daf and here explore the interactions of human daf-binding cvb with ...	2002	11752699
molecular phylogeny and proposed classification of the simian picornaviruses.	the simian picornaviruses were isolated from various primate tissues during the development of general tissue culture methods in the 1950s to 1970s or from specimens derived from primates used in biomedical research. twenty simian picornavirus serotypes are recognized, and all are presently classified within the enterovirus genus. to determine the phylogenetic relationships among all of the simian picornaviruses and to evaluate their classification, we have determined complete vp1 sequences for ...	2002	11773400
comparative analysis of two coxsackievirus b3 strains: putative influence of virus-receptor interactions on pathogenesis.	strain-specific differences in the interaction of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) with the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (car) and the decay-accelerating factor (daf) co-receptor proteins were investigated using a non-haemagglutinating (cvb3) and a haemagglutinating (cvb3-ha) strain of cvb3. a panel of receptor-transfected hamster cho cells, expressing either car (chocar cells), daf (chodaf cells), or both receptor proteins (chodc cells) were used to study the interplay of car and daf receptor mol ...	2002	11992583
heterocyclic nucleoside analogues: design and synthesis of antiviral, modified nucleosides containing isoxazole heterocycles.	we have designed and synthesized novel antiviral nucleoside analogues, which consist of isoxazole rings as modified sugars and nucleobases (thymine, uracil, and 5-fluorouracil) with a methylene linker between them. these compounds represent a new class of modified nucleoside analogues and some of them show potent antiviral activities against polio virus (coxsackie b type 3 and vesicular stomatitis).	2002	11992785
isotype specific elisas to detect antibodies against swine vesicular disease virus and their use in epidemiology.	isotype specific elisas to detect antibodies against swine vesicular disease, which may help to estimate the moment of infection, were developed and validated on sera from pigs experimentally infected with four different isolates of swine vesicular disease virus. virus specific igm antibodies could be detected from days 3-49 and occasionally up to day 91 after infection. igg1 antibodies were first detected at day 8 and igg2 at day 11. iga antibodies coincided with igg1 antibodies, but antibody t ...	2002	12002546
mapping of linear epitopes on the capsid proteins of swine vesicular disease virus using monoclonal antibodies.	the antigenic linear map of swine vesicular disease virus (svdv) has been studied using a repertoire of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against a recombinant svdv polyprotein, p1. peptide-scanning analyses, cross-reactivity studies with homologous and heterologous viruses and predicted location on a computer-generated three-dimensional model of the capsid proteins have allowed the identification of five main linear sites. two sites, the n terminus of vp3 and amino acids 51-60 on vp1, corresp ...	2002	12029154
effect of coincident enterovirus infection and cows' milk exposure on immunisation to insulin in early infancy.	insulin autoantibodies appear often as the first autoantibody in children who develop islet-cell autoimmunity. our recent studies indicate that primary immunisation to insulin is induced in early infancy by exposure to dietary bovine insulin present in cows' milk formulas. as gut-associated lymphoid tissue is also the primary replication site of enteroviruses, we tested whether enterovirus infections could modify the development of immune response to dietary insulin in early infancy.	2002	12032629
purification, crystallization and x-ray analysis of swine vesicular disease virus.	swine vesicular disease virus (svdv) is the etiological agent of swine vesicular disease, a highly contagious disease in pigs, and is related to coxsackie b virus. crystalline arrays of svdv can be observed in the cytoplasm of cells 4.5 h after inoculation to porcine kidney cells (ibrs-2 cells). crystals of the jx/78 strain of svdv were obtained from virus in two wells of crystallization conditions and present preliminary x-ray data to 3.6 a resolution.	2002	12037316
[how poliomyelitis is to be eradicated completely].	in 1988 the world health assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis globally by the year 2000. the work continues. the problem arose how to quit the system of mass immunization with oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) without trouble and to achieve the disappearance of polioviruses worldwide. after the cessation of the opv use a certain number of vaccine viruses may remain that will circulate among the ever growing number of nonimmune population. live enterovirus vaccines prepared from nonpathogenic ...	2002	12043142
gammadelta t cells promote a th1 response during coxsackievirus b3 infection in vivo: role of fas and fas ligand.	fas/fas ligand (fasl) interactions regulate disease outcome in coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3)-induced myocarditis. mrl(+/+) mice infected with cvb3 develop severe myocarditis, a dominant cd4(+) th1 (gamma interferon [ifn-gamma(+)]) response to the virus, and a predominance of gammadelta t cells in the myocardial infiltrates. mrl lpr/lpr and mrl gld/gld mice, which lack normal expression of fas and express a mutated fasl, respectively, have minimal myocarditis and show a dominant cd4(+) th2 (interleuki ...	2002	12050361
mapping of tissue tropism determinants in coxsackievirus genomes.	genomic regions responsible for the different tissue tropisms of coxsackievirus a9 (cav9) and coxsackievirus b3 (cbv3) in newborn mice were investigated using recombinant viruses. infectious cdna clones of cav9, a virus known to infect striated muscle, and cbv3, affecting the central nervous system, pancreas, liver, brown fat and striated muscle, were used to generate chimeric viruses. in situ hybridization analysis of different tissues from mice infected with the recombinant viruses, constructe ...	2002	12075089