Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| c-e1 fusion protein synthesized by rubella virus di rnas maintained during serial passage. | rubella virus (rub) replicons are derivatives of the rub infectious cdna clone that retain the nonstructural open reading frame (ns-orf) that encodes the replicase proteins but not the structural protein orf (sp-orf) that encodes the virion proteins. rub defective interfering (di) rnas contain deletions within the sp-orf and thus resemble replicons. di rnas often retain the 5' end of the capsid protein (c) gene that has been shown to modulate virus-specific rna synthesis. however, when replicons ... | 2006 | 16938325 |
| hepatitis c virus entry: an intriguing challenge for drug discovery. | the entry of hepatitis c virus (hcv) into host cells is an obligatory step in virus replication that presents a multi-faceted opportunity for drug discovery. however, the current understanding of hcv entry is rudimentary at best, with insights to date obtained by examining the fusion of pseudoparticles that express the hcv surface glycoproteins e1 and e2. the absence of an infectious virus replication system capable of replicating through a full virus life-cycle has hampered progress in determin ... | 2006 | 16955684 |
| rubella virus pseudotypes and a cell-cell fusion assay as tools for functional analysis of the rubella virus e2 and e1 envelope glycoproteins. | the rubivirus rubella virus contains the two envelope glycoproteins e2 and e1 as a heterodimeric spike complex embedded in its lipid envelope. the functions of both proteins, especially of e2, in the process of viral entry are still not entirely understood. in order to dissect e2 and e1 entry functions from post-entry steps, pseudotypes of lentiviral vectors based on simian immunodeficiency virus were used. c-terminally modified e2 and e1 variants successfully pseudotyped lentiviral vector parti ... | 2006 | 16963762 |
| morphological identification of hepatitis c virus e1 and e2 envelope glycoproteins on the virion surface using immunogold electron microscopy. | it is known that hepatitis c virus (hcv) particles are spherical, 55-65 nm particles with fine surface projections of about 6 nm in length and with a 30-35 nm inner core. we have reported that free hcv particles labeled with gold particles specific to the hcv e1 glycoprotein are located in 1.14-1.16 g/ml fractions from plasma samples with high hcv rna titers after sucrose density gradient centrifugation. however, the morphology of the hcv e2 glycoprotein on the virion has not yet been elucidated ... | 2006 | 16964422 |
| oligomerization of hepatitis c virus core protein is crucial for interaction with the cytoplasmic domain of e1 envelope protein. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) contains two membrane-associated envelope glycoproteins, e1 and e2, which assemble as a heterodimer in the endoplasmic reticulum (er). in this study, predictive algorithms and genetic analyses of deletion mutants and glycosylation site variants of the e1 glycoprotein were used to suggest that the glycoprotein can adopt two topologies in the er membrane: the conventional type i membrane topology and a polytopic topology in which the protein spans the er membrane twice with ... | 2006 | 16971440 |
| functions of the stem region of the semliki forest virus fusion protein during virus fusion and assembly. | membrane fusion of the alphaviruses is mediated by the e1 protein, a class ii virus membrane fusion protein. during fusion, e1 dissociates from its heterodimer interaction with the e2 protein and forms a target membrane-inserted e1 homotrimer. the structure of the homotrimer is that of a trimeric hairpin in which e1 domain iii and the stem region fold back toward the target membrane-inserted fusion peptide loop. the e1 stem region has a strictly conserved length and several highly conserved resi ... | 2006 | 16971447 |
| genome comparison of a novel classical swine fever virus isolated in china in 2004 with other csfv strains. | the genome of a novel classical swine fever virus (csfv), swh/ca/2004, isolated from a hog pen in henan province, central china, is 12,296 nucleotides (nt) in length. it is composed of a 373-nt 5' terminal non-translated region (ntr), a 11,697-nt open reading frame (orf) encoding a polyprotein of 3,898 amino acids (aa), and a 226-nt 3'-ntr. genome comparison of the swh/ca/2004 isolate (genbank accession: dq127910) with other known csfv isolates was performed and analyzed. corresponding segments ... | 2006 | 16972026 |
| site-directed antibodies against the stem region reveal low ph-induced conformational changes of the semliki forest virus fusion protein. | the e1 envelope protein of the alphavirus semliki forest virus (sfv) is a class ii fusion protein that mediates low ph-triggered membrane fusion during virus infection. like other class i and class ii fusion proteins, during fusion e1 inserts into the target membrane and rearranges to form a trimeric hairpin structure. the postfusion structures of the alphavirus and flavivirus fusion proteins suggest that the "stem" region connecting the fusion protein domain iii to the transmembrane domain inte ... | 2006 | 16973563 |
| quantifying the activity of adenoviral e1a cr2 deletion mutants using renilla luciferase bioluminescence and 3'-deoxy-3'-[18f]fluorothymidine positron emission tomography imaging. | the adenoviral e1a cr2 mutant dl922-947 has potent activity in ovarian cancer. we have used renilla luciferase bioluminescence imaging to monitor viral e1a expression and replication and [18f]fluorothymidine positron emission tomography ([18f]flt-pet) to quantify the activity of dl922-947 in vivo. we created dlcr2 ren, with the same e1a cr2 deletion as dl922-947 and the luciferase gene from renilla reniformis downstream of e1. light emitted from s.c. and i.p. igrov1 ovarian carcinoma xenografts ... | 2006 | 16982761 |
| suppression of interferon-related promoter activation by hepatitis c virus proteins expressed in cultured cells. | interferon is important for anti-viral defense of the host. the e2, ns3/4a, and ns5a proteins of hepatitis c virus (hcv) have recently been reported to confront anti-viral action induced by interferon. however, roles of the individual hcv proteins in anti-interferon action are still not well understood. we have isolated an hcv strain, hcv-k, from a patient with acute hepatitis. nucleotide sequencing of the entire genomic dna of hcv-k revealed that the isolate belongs to the genotype 1b, which is ... | 2006 | 16995492 |
| involvement of the ikappab kinase (ikk)-related kinases tank-binding kinase 1/ikki and cullin-based ubiquitin ligases in ifn regulatory factor-3 degradation. | activation of the innate arm of the immune system following pathogen infection relies on the recruitment of latent transcription factors involved in the induction of a subset of genes responsible for viral clearance. one of these transcription factors, ifn regulatory factor 3 (irf-3), is targeted for proteosomal degradation following virus infection. however, the molecular mechanisms involved in this process are still unknown. in this study, we show that polyubiquitination of irf-3 increases in ... | 2006 | 17015689 |
| an hla-a2.1-transgenic rabbit model to study immunity to papillomavirus infection. | we have established several hla-a2.1-transgenic rabbit lines to provide a host to study cd8(+) t cell responses during virus infections. hla-a2.1 protein expression was detected on cell surfaces within various organ tissues. continuous cultured cells from these transgenic rabbits were capable of presenting both endogenous and exogenous hla-a2.1-restricted epitopes to an hla-a2.1-restricted epitope-specific ctl clone. a dna vaccine containing an hla-a2.1-restricted human papillomavirus type 16 e7 ... | 2006 | 17114477 |
| detection of the prototype of a potential novel genus in the family papillomaviridae in association with canine epidermodysplasia verruciformis. | epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev) is a rare human genetic predisposition to develop flat warts, some of which subsequently undergo cancer transformation. some human papillomaviruses (hpvs), i.e. hpv 5 and 8, have been associated with cancer development as a sequela of ev. as similar diseases have been observed in dogs, it was hypothesized that unknown canine papillomaviruses (cpvs) may exist and that they may be present in cases of canine ev. consequently, dna was extracted from a malignant l ... | 2006 | 17098970 |
| detection of novel papillomaviruslike sequences in paraffin-embedded specimens of invasive and in situ squamous cell carcinomas from cats. | to detect and partially characterize papillomavirus (pv) dna in squamous cell carcinoma (scc) tumor specimens from cats. | 2006 | 17144807 |
| chikungunya outbreaks caused by african genotype, india. | chikungunya fever is reported in india after 32 years. immunoglobulin m antibodies and virus isolation confirmed the cause. phylogenic analysis based on partial sequences of ns4 and e1 genes showed that all earlier isolates (1963-1973) were asian genotype, whereas the current and yawat (2000) isolates were african genotype. | 2006 | 17176577 |
| serum soluble factors induce the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and transforming growth factor-beta signal in osteoblastic cells in the patient with hepatitis c-associated osteosclerosis. | hepatitis c-associated osteosclerosis (hcao) is a rare syndrome characterized by severe, acquired, generalized osteosclerosis and hyperostosis in adults who are infected with the hepatitis c virus. however, the detail of the pathogenesis of hcao is still unknown. we examined the effects of serum of the hcao patient on the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (alp) activity and transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta-smad signaling in mouse osteoblastic cells. the patient was compatible with hcao, c ... | 2006 | 17177144 |
| genetic characterization of the first chiropteran papillomavirus, isolated from a basosquamous carcinoma in an egyptian fruit bat: the rousettus aegyptiacus papillomavirus type 1. | the complete genomic dna of a novel papillomavirus (pv) was isolated from a basosquamous carcinoma on the wing of an egyptian fruit bat (rousettus aegyptiacus). initial short sequences of the e1 and l1 genes of this virus were retrieved by pcr with degenerate papillomavirus-specific primers, and the entire r. aegyptiacus papillomavirus type 1 (rapv-1) dna was then amplified by long template pcr, cloned and sequenced with a transposon insertion method. the rapv-1 genome counts 7970 basepairs and ... | 2006 | 16854536 |
| influence of increased cd4 cell counts on the genetic variability of hepatitis c virus in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus i. | in order to study the effect of increased cd4 cell counts on the biology of hepatitis c virus (hcv), we analyzed the genetic variability of hcv generated over 8 y in eight human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) and hcv co-infected patients. this was a retrospective study in which hiv patients were selected who had profound immune impairment evident over four years and were co-infected with hcv genotype 1 and who then went on highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). these patients achieved d ... | 2006 | 16870714 |
| a conserved gly436-trp-leu-ala-gly-leu-phe-tyr motif in hepatitis c virus glycoprotein e2 is a determinant of cd81 binding and viral entry. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) glycoproteins e1 and e2 form a heterodimer that mediates cd81 receptor binding and viral entry. in this study, we used site-directed mutagenesis to examine the functional role of a conserved g436wlaglfy motif of e2. the mutants could be placed into two groups based on the ability of mature virion-incorporated e1e2 to bind the large extracellular loop (lel) of cd81 versus the ability to mediate cellular entry of pseudotyped retroviral particles. group 1 comprised e2 mu ... | 2006 | 16873241 |
| development and evaluation of a one-step real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of salmonid alphaviruses in serum and tissues. | we designed 4 primer pairs to amplify conserved regions of the e1 or nsp4 genes of salmonid alphavirus (sav) and evaluated their performance in optimized 1-step sybr green real-time rt-pcr (rrt-pcr) assays. a single primer pair, amplifying a 227 bp segment of e1 was then chosen for further study. this rrt-pcr was shown to be highly repeatable and reproducible over a wide range of rna dilutions, with a linear relationship between cycle threshold (ct) value and rna concentration over a 10(7) dilut ... | 2006 | 16875390 |
| entry of hepatitis c virus pseudotypes into primary human hepatocytes by clathrin-dependent endocytosis. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis worldwide. studies of the early steps of hcv infection have been hampered by the lack of convenient in vitro or in vivo models. although several cell-surface molecules that mediate the binding of hcv envelope proteins to target cells have been identified, mechanisms of viral entry into human hepatocytes are still poorly understood. vesicular stomatitis virus/hcv pseudotyped viruses expressing the hcv envelope glycoproteins on the vira ... | 2006 | 16894197 |
| circumventing recombination events encountered with production of a clinical-grade adenoviral vector with a double-expression cassette. | delivery of multiple exogenous genes into target cells is important for a broad range of gene therapy applications, including combined therapeutic gene expression and noninvasive imaging. previous studies ( mol ther 4: 223-231, 2001 ) have described the adenoviral vector rgdtksstr with a double-expression cassette that encodes herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (hsvtk) for molecular chemotherapy and human somatostatin receptor subtype-2 (hsstr2) for indirect imaging. in this vector, both gene ... | 2006 | 16896072 |
| re-emergence of chikungunya virus in malaysia. | an outbreak of chikugunya (chik) fever occurred among the fishing community in bagan pancor, perak. the outbreak was laboratory confirmed within 48 hours after the receipt of the specimens. fifty-three patients' serum samples were submitted for laboratory investigation and 47 (88.7%) were confirmed to be positive for chik infection by rt-pcr, and/or virus isolation, and/or in-house immunoflourescent test. rt-pcr and virus isolation were the tests of choice for patients with illness of four days ... | 2006 | 16898316 |
| meta-analysis: anti-viral therapy of hepatitis b virus-associated glomerulonephritis. | hepatitis b virus-associated glomerulonephritis is an infrequent complication of chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) with significant morbidity. a causal association between hepatitis b virus infection and the development of glomerulonephritis remains controversial. also, the optimal therapy is undefined although several approaches have been made. | 2006 | 16918881 |
| how does hepatitis c virus enter cells? | hepatitis c virus (hcv) exists in different forms in the circulation of infected people: lipoprotein bound and lipoprotein free, enveloped and nonenveloped. viral particles with the highest infectivity are associated with lipoproteins, whereas lipoprotein-free virions are poorly infectious. the detection of hcv's envelope proteins e1 and e2 in lipoprotein-associated virions has been challenging. because lipoproteins are readily endocytosed, some forms of hcv might utilize their association with ... | 2006 | 16934030 |
| apoptosis of activated cd4+ and cd8+ t cells is enhanced by co-culture with hepatocytes expressing hepatitis c virus (hcv) structural proteins through fasl induction. | a central unresolved issue in hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is how the virus establishes chronic infection. recent studies suggest that the liver microenvironment leads to apoptosis of activated t cells, which may be involved in the tolerance to liver allograft. here, we report that murine hepatocytes expressing a transgene encoding the hcv structural proteins core, envelope 1 (e1) and envelope 2 (e2) enhance apoptosis of activated t cells. unlike normal liver, which appears to selectively r ... | 2006 | 16336987 |
| immunoreactivity of hcv/hbv epitopes displayed in an epitope-presenting system. | it has been demonstrated that the immunodominant region of the hcv core protein and the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) have high degree of reactivity. in order to construct a chimeric protein that carries hcv and hbv epitopes and possesses immunogenicity to both hcv and hbv, four epitopes derived from residues aa2-21 (epitope c1), aa22-40 (epitope c2) of the core protein, residues aa315-328 (epitope e) of e1 protein of hcv, and residues aa124-147 (epitope s) of hbsag were chosen to be displ ... | 2006 | 16337486 |
| mayaro virus: complete nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic relationships with other alphaviruses. | mayaro (may) virus is a member of the genus alphavirus in the family togaviridae. alphaviruses are distributed throughout the world and cause a wide range of diseases in humans and animals. here, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of may from a viral strain isolated from a french guianese patient. the deduced may genome was 11,429 nucleotides in length, excluding the 5' cap nucleotide and 3' poly(a) tail. nucleotide and amino acid homologies, as well as phylogenetic analyses of the o ... | 2006 | 16343676 |
| adenovirus type 5 fiber knob domain has a critical role in fiber protein synthesis and encapsidation. | adenovirus serotype 5 (ad5) vectors carrying knobless fibers designed to remove their natural tropism were found to have a lower fiber content than recombinant ad5 with wild-type (wt) capsid, implying a role for the knob-coding sequence or/and the knob domain in fiber encapsidation. experimental data using a variety of fiber gene constructs showed that the defect did not occur at the fiber mrna level, but at the protein level. knobless fiber proteins were found to be synthesized at a significant ... | 2006 | 17030847 |
| establishment and application of a taqman real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for rubella virus rna. | the aim of this study was to establish and apply a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for rubella virus (rv) rna. first, the primer and taqman probe concentrations, as well as reaction temperatures were optimized to establish an efficient real-time quantitative rt-pcr assay for rv rna. next, an rv-specific pcr amplicon was made as an external standard to estimate the linearity, amplification efficiency, analytical sensitivity and reproducibility of th ... | 2006 | 17033720 |
| structure and functions of hepatitis c virus proteins: 15 years after. | since its discovery in 1988, the hepatitis c virus (hcv) has become a hot topic of research by many groups around the world. this globally spread infectious agent is responsible for a large proportion of chronic viral hepatitides. the clue to halting the hepatitis c pandemic may be the detailed understanding of the virus structure, its replication mechanism, and the exact functions of the various proteins. such understanding could enable the development of new antivirals targeted against hepatit ... | 2006 | 17455808 |
| effective induction of type 1 cytotoxic t cell responses in mice with dna vaccine encoding two hepatitis c virus cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitopes. | the aims of this study were to explain whether a multiple cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) epitope-based anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv) dna vaccine can induce specific ctl responses to each hcv ctl epitope independently and long-term cd8(+) t cell memory responses, and to determine the cytokine secretion pattern and subtype of epitope-specific cytotoxic t cells. a multi-ctl epitope gene, which consists of two epitopes of hcv (h-2(d)-restricted hcv core(133142) and e1(315322)), was cloned into the euka ... | 2006 | 17201665 |
| exploiting information inherent in binding sites of virus-specific antibodies: design of an hcv vaccine candidate cross-reactive with multiple genotypes. | the role of antibody in hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection remains unclear although many reports attest to its role in viral clearance. here we describe epitopes that are recognized by antibody present in the serum of infected patients and show that such epitopes can induce neutralizing antibodies. | 2006 | 17302370 |
| high incidence of tobacco streak virus in the tobacco fields of iran. | currently the northern provinces of iran (mazandaran, golestan and gilan) are the main tobacco growing regions in the country and this crop has an special importance in the national economy. three tobacco types including flue-cured (mainly coker 347 and some virginia e1), burley (burley 21) and oriental (basma 178-2) are presently grown in these regions. epidemics of viral diseases have occurred during the recent years in many tobacco fields in these areas. the quality of tobacco products which ... | 2006 | 17390881 |
| immunological thresholds in neurological gene therapy: highly efficient elimination of transduced cells might be related to the specific formation of immunological synapses between t cells and virus-infected brain cells. | first-generation adenovirus can be engineered with powerful promoters to drive expression of therapeutic transgenes. numerous clinical trials for glioblastoma multiforme using first generation adenoviral vectors have either been performed or are ongoing, including an ongoing, phase iii, multicenter trial in europe and israel (ark therapeutics, inc.). although in the absence of anti-adenovirus immune responses expression in the brain lasts 6-18 months, systemic infection with adenovirus induces i ... | 2006 | 18084640 |
| a new complementing cell line for replication-incompetent e1-deleted adenovirus propagation. | recombinant adenoviruses (ad) are being explored as promising delivery systems for gene therapy and vaccination. however, there is a concern about the possibility of generating replication-competent adenoviruses (rca) using the human embryonic kidney 293 cell line. we have constructed a new cell line named the ur cell line which can be used to produce ad vectors free of rca. this cell line is based on the human embryonic lung hel 299 cell. we first constructed a shuttle plasmid which encodes the ... | 2006 | 19002883 |
| molecular characterization of chikungunya virus from andhra pradesh, india & phylogenetic relationship with central african isolates. | chikungunya virus has caused numerous large outbreaks in india. suspected blood samples from the epidemic were collected and characterized for the identification of the responsible causative from rayalaseema region of andhra pradesh. | 2007 | 18219080 |
| [development and clinical trial of fluorescence real time pcr to detect rubella virus]. | to establish a novel rapid, convenient, sensitive and specific method applicable to quantitative analysis of the rubella virus extensively, rv total rna was extracted with trizol. the envelope glycoprotein e1 gene was amplified from rubella virus by pcr, and the pcr products were cloned into the pmd18-t cloning vector and transfected into dh5alpha. after amp selection and analysis of restriction enzyme, the clones carrying the e1 gene were identified. after quantitation and serial dilution, the ... | 2007 | 18232492 |
| [expression and study of the functional proteins of hepatitis c virus in cho cell line]. | recently, the interactions between hepatitis c virus (hcv) genes and the host cell factors were the focus of this field. cell factors in the different biochemical pathway were approved to be interfered when hcv infection. to make sure which hcv gene(s) was the major factor during the interaction process, ten eukaryotic expression plasmids containing different functional genes of hcv: core, e1, e2, p7, ns2, ns3, ns4a, ns4b, ns5a and ns5b were transfected into the cho-k1 cells respectively. then t ... | 2007 | 18257225 |
| effect of n-glycosylation inhibition on the synthesis and processing of classical swine fever virus glycoproteins. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is often used as a surrogate model in molecular studies of the closely related hepatitis c virus. in this report we have examined the effect of the inhibition of glycosylation on the survival and maturation of csfv. viral glycoproteins (e(rns), e1, e2) form biologically active complexes - homo- and heterodimers, which are indispensable for viral life cycle. those complexes are highly n-glycosylated. we studied the influence of n-glycosylation on dimer formation ... | 2007 | 18084653 |
| evolutionary study of hepatitis c virus envelope genes during primary infection. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) envelope genes encoding glycoproteins e1 and e2 exhibits a high degree of variability that gives rise to differing phenotypic traits; including alterations in receptor-binding affinity and immune recognition and escape. this study aims to elucidate the relationship of the evolutionary patterns for hcv envelope glycoproteins to viral persistence. | 2007 | 18167197 |
| two chikungunya isolates from the outbreak of la reunion (indian ocean) exhibit different patterns of infection in the mosquito, aedes albopictus. | a chikungunya (chik) outbreak hit la réunion island in 2005-2006. the implicated vector was aedes albopictus. here, we present the first study on the susceptibility of ae. albopictus populations to sympatric chikv isolates from la réunion island and compare it to other virus/vector combinations. | 2007 | 18000540 |
| isolation of rna aptamers specific for the hcv minus-ires domain i. | the minus-ires ((-)ires), corresponding to the 3'-terminal end of the negative strand of hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna, is well conserved among hcv subtypes. the higher order structure of (-)ires is essential for hcv replication, because the viral rna dependent rna polymerase, ns5b, recognizes it as the initiation site for plus-strand synthesis of the hcv genome. to inhibit the "de novo" synthesis of plus-strand rna molecules, we performed an in vitro selection procedure that is specific for the ( ... | 2007 | 18029752 |
| infection with chikungunya virus in italy: an outbreak in a temperate region. | chikungunya virus (chikv), which is transmitted by aedes spp mosquitoes, has recently caused several outbreaks on islands in the indian ocean and on the indian subcontinent. we report on an outbreak in italy. | 2007 | 18061059 |
| a single mutation in chikungunya virus affects vector specificity and epidemic potential. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is an emerging arbovirus associated with several recent large-scale epidemics. the 2005-2006 epidemic on reunion island that resulted in approximately 266,000 human cases was associated with a strain of chikv with a mutation in the envelope protein gene (e1-a226v). to test the hypothesis that this mutation in the epidemic chikv (strain lr2006 opy1) might influence fitness for different vector species, viral infectivity, dissemination, and transmission of chikv were comp ... | 2007 | 18069894 |
| [virological and carcinogenic aspects of hpv]. | human papillomaviruses are small viruses belonging to the papillomaviridae. more than 100 genotypes have been identified, causing benign (low-risk hpv) or malignant (high-risk hpv) cutaneous or mucosal lesions. the low-risk hpv6 and hpv11 provoke genital warts, while the high-risk hpv16 and hpv18 can cause cervical cancer. the hpvgenome includes several open reading frames that encode proteins involved in viral dna replication (e1 and e2), viral gene expression regulation (e2), virus assembly (e ... | 2007 | 18072657 |
| [study on the distribution of hepatitis c virus genotypes in patients visiting one methadone maintenance clinic in wuhan]. | to study the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection and characteristics on molecular biology related to hcv among patients who were enrolled in a methadone maintenance clinic in wuhan. | 2007 | 18476583 |
| heterologous acidothermus cellulolyticus 1,4-beta-endoglucanase e1 produced within the corn biomass converts corn stover into glucose. | commercial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars requires inexpensive bulk production of biologically active cellulase enzymes, which might be achieved through direct production of these enzymes within the biomass crops. transgenic corn plants containing the catalytic domain of acidothermus cellulolyticus e1 endo-1,4-beta glucanase and the bar bialaphos resistance coding sequences were generated after biolistic (biorad hercules, ca) bombardment of immature embryo-derived ce ... | 2007 | 18478390 |
| [genotyping of rubella virus circulating in western siberia of russia during 2004-2006 epidemic period]. | twenty one strains of rubella virus were isolated in the western siberia during 2004-2006 epidemic period. genotyping of isolated strains was performed by partial sequencing of glycoprotein e1 gene. phylogenetic analysis showed that 20 out of 21 isolated in the western siberia strains of rubella virus belonged to genotype 1g, and 1 strain (isolated in altai region in 2006)--to genotype 1e. | 2007 | 18277537 |
| vesicular stomatitis virus-based therapeutic vaccination targeted to the e1, e2, e6, and e7 proteins of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus. | persistent human papillomavirus (hpv)-associated benign and malignant lesions are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. vaccination against hpv early proteins could provide an effective means of treating individuals with established infections. recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) vectors have been used previously to elicit strong humoral and cellular immune responses and develop prophylactic vaccines. we have shown that vsv vectors also can be used to elicit therapeutic im ... | 2007 | 17392369 |
| a self-adjuvanting multiepitope immunogen that induces a broadly cross-reactive antibody to hepatitis c virus. | we describe a peptide-based strategy for hcv vaccine design that addresses the problem of variability in hypervariable region 1 (hvr1). peptides representing antibody epitopes of hvr1 from genotype 1a were synthesized and incorporated into multideterminant immunogens that also included lipid moieties and helper t (t(h)) cell epitopes. mice inoculated with these polyepitopes generated strong antibody responses. antibody titers were highest in mice inoculated with polyepitope immunogens which cont ... | 2007 | 17393515 |
| construction of adenovirus type 5 early region 1 and 4 virus mutants. | this chapter describes a novel strategy that simplifies the generation and production of adenovirus type 5 (ad5) mutants carrying defined mutations in early transcription units 1 (e1) and 4 (e4). the strategy involves three recombinant plasmids containing e1 (pe1-1235), e4 (pe4-1155), or the wild-type genome that lacks a portion of e3 (ph5pg4100). to generate recombinant viruses, mutations are first introduced into pe1- and/or pe4-transfer plasmids by site-directed mutagenesis. the mutagenized c ... | 2007 | 17401162 |
| location and role of free cysteinyl residues in the sindbis virus e1 and e2 glycoproteins. | sindbis virus is a single-stranded positive-sense rna virus. it is composed of 240 copies of three structural proteins: e1, e2, and capsid. these proteins form a mature virus particle composed of two nested t=4 icosahedral shells. a complex network of disulfide bonds in the e1 and e2 glycoproteins is developed through a series of structural intermediates as virus maturation occurs (m. mulvey and d. t. brown, j. virol. 68:805-812, 1994; m. carleton et al., j. virol. 71:1558-1566, 1997). to better ... | 2007 | 17409163 |
| characterization and experimental transmission of an oncogenic papillomavirus in female macaques. | cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in women worldwide, yet few suitable animal models currently exist for study of this disease. virtually all cases of cervical cancer in women are caused by specific types of genital human papillomavirus (hpv). in this study, we investigated naturally occurring genital pvs in female cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) without breeding contact for at least 3.5 years. exfoliated cervicovaginal cells from 19 of 54 animals tested ... | 2007 | 17428865 |
| clinical responders to antiviral therapy of chronic hcv infection show elevated antiviral cd4+ and cd8+ t-cell responses. | chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is characterized by attenuated antiviral t-cell responses, making their detection and characterization a technological challenge. the role and the dynamics of antiviral t-cell responses during antiviral therapy are incompletely understood. to assess hcv-specific t-cell responses during antiviral therapy of genotype-1-infected patients, we adopted a flow cytometric approach to comprehensively evaluate virus-specific cd4+ and cd8+ t-cell proliferative resp ... | 2007 | 17439521 |
| semliki forest virus vectors expressing the h and hn genes of measles and mumps viruses reduce immunity induced by the envelope protein genes of rubella virus. | a semliki forest virus (sfv) recombinant particle vaccine vector was constructed expressing the viral e1 and e2 envelope proteins of the ra27/3 vaccine strain of rubella virus. this vector induced high titres of antibody after intramuscular administration to balb/c mice, both following initial vaccination and a boost 4 weeks later. this occurred for antibody as measured by elisa and as measured by a latex agglutination test. however, co-administration of similar particles expressing the measles ... | 2007 | 17905485 |
| recent advances in our understanding of receptor binding, viral fusion and cell entry of hepatitis c virus: new targets for the design of antiviral agents. | improvements to antiviral therapies for the treatment of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections will require the use of multiple drugs that target viral proteins essential for replication. the discovery of anti-hcv compounds has been severely hampered by the lack of cell culture replication systems. since the late 1990s, the advent of sub-genomic replicons that model the intracellular events leading to hcv genome replication have enabled the discovery of hcv protease and polymerase inhibitors, but d ... | 2007 | 17907376 |
| targeting of a conditionally replicative adenovirus agent to human squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. | conventional cancer treatments are not adequate for the majority of most patients stricken with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (scchn). conditionally replicating adenoviruses (crads) represent a promising new modality for treating of neoplastic diseases, including scchn. specifically, crad agents infect tumor cells and selectively replicate within them, thus causing their death while sparing surrounding normal cells in the host. oncolysis results from the replicative life cycle of ... | 2007 | 17912450 |
| a highly efficient and robust in vitro translation system for expression of picornavirus and hepatitis c virus rna genomes. | a krebs-2 cell-free extract that efficiently translates encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) rna and extensively processes the viral polyprotein is also capable of supporting complete infectious emcv replication. the system displays high rna synthesis activity and de novo synthesis of virus up to titers of 2 x 10(7) to 6 x 10(7) plaque-forming units (pfu)/ml. the preparation of krebs-2 cell extract and methods of analysis of emcv-specific processes in vitro are described. we also demonstrate that t ... | 2007 | 17913619 |
| hepatitis c virus envelope glycoprotein immunization of rodents elicits cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies. | neutralizing antibody responses elicited during infection generally confer protection from infection. hepatitis c virus (hcv) encodes two glycoproteins e1 and e2 that are essential for virus entry and are the major target for neutralizing antibodies. to assess whether both glycoproteins are required for the generation of a neutralizing antibody response, rodents were immunized with a series of glycoproteins comprising full length and truncated versions. guinea pigs immunized with hcv-1 genotype ... | 2007 | 17919789 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of middelburg virus, isolated from the spleen of a horse with severe clinical disease in zimbabwe. | the complete nucleotide sequence of middelburg virus (midv) was determined for strain midv-857 from zimbabwe. the isolation of this virus in 1993 from a horse that died showing severe clinical signs represents the first indication that midv can cause severe disease in equids. full-length cdna copies of the viral genome were successfully synthesized by an innovative rt-pcr amplification approach using an 'anchor primer' combined with the smart methodology described previously for the synthesis of ... | 2007 | 17947533 |
| identification of five major and two minor genotypes of varicella-zoster virus strains: a practical two-amplicon approach used to genotype clinical isolates in australia and new zealand. | whole genome phylogenetic analysis in this study resolved a total of five major genotypes among the 22 varicella-zoster virus (vzv) strains or isolates for which complete genomic sequences are available. consistent with earlier publications we have designated these genotypes european 1 (e1), european 2 (e2), japanese (j), mosaic 1 (m1), and mosaic 2 (m2). single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) analysis performed in a whole-genome alignment revealed that vzv isolates of all five genotypes can be ac ... | 2007 | 17898056 |
| robust hepatitis c genotype 3a cell culture releasing adapted intergenotypic 3a/2a (s52/jfh1) viruses. | recently, full viral life cycle hepatitis c virus (hcv) cell culture systems were developed for strain jfh1 (genotype 2a) and an intragenotypic 2a/2a genome (j6/jfh). we aimed at exploiting the unique jfh1 replication characteristics to develop culture systems for genotype 3a, which has a high prevalence worldwide. | 2007 | 17983807 |
| functional characterization of the sindbis virus e2 glycoprotein by transposon linker-insertion mutagenesis. | the glycoprotein envelope of alphaviruses consists of two proteins, e1 and e2. e1 is responsible for fusion and e2 is responsible for receptor binding. an atomic structure is available for e1, but one for e2 has not been reported. in this study, transposon linker-insertion mutagenesis was used to probe the function of different domains of e2. a library of mutants, containing 19 amino acid insertions in the e2 glycoprotein sequence of the prototype alphavirus, sindbis virus (sinv), was generated. ... | 2007 | 17306321 |
| hiv entry inhibition by the envelope 2 glycoprotein of gb virus c. | epidemiological studies have revealed an association between gb virus c (gbv-c) long-term viraemia and ameliorated hiv disease progression. we have provided evidence that a single protein of gbv-c, the glycoprotein e2, interferes with early hiv replication steps of both x4- and r5-tropic hiv strains. preincubation with anti-e2 antibody specifically abrogates the inhibitory effect. results were confirmed by the in-vitro expression of gbv-c e1/e2 encoding rna. | 2007 | 17314528 |
| evaluation of the vaccine potential of an equine herpesvirus type 1 vector expressing bovine viral diarrhea virus structural proteins. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an economically important pathogen of cattle that is maintained in the population by persistently infected animals. virus infection may result in reproductive failure, respiratory disease and diarrhoea in naïve, susceptible bovines. here, the construction and characterization of a novel vectored vaccine, which is based on the incorporation of genes encoding bvdv structural proteins (c, erns, e1, e2) into a bacterial artificial chromosome of the equine herpes ... | 2007 | 17325347 |
| resolution of cervical dysplasia is associated with t-cell proliferative responses to human papillomavirus type 16 e2. | the 'high-risk' human papillomaviruses (hpvs) cause persistent infections of the anogenital region that may resolve spontaneously following activation of a protective immune response. the aim of this study was to determine whether cell-mediated immunity (cmi) to the early protein e2 was associated with disease regression and to establish whether e2 cmi and antibodies to l1 virus-like particles (vlps) were associated markers of immunity to hpv. lymphoproliferative responses to histidine-tagged e2 ... | 2007 | 17325352 |
| genomic analysis of diverse rubella virus genotypes. | based on the sequence of the e1 glycoprotein gene, two clades and ten genotypes of rubella virus have been distinguished; however, genomic sequences have been determined for viruses in only two of these genotypes. in this report, genomic sequences for viruses in an additional six genotypes were determined. the genome was found to be well conserved. the viruses in all eight of these genotypes had the same number of nucleotides in each of the two open reading frames (orfs) and the untranslated reg ... | 2007 | 17325367 |
| nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection of rubella virus in clinical specimens. | rubella virus (rv) is one of the leading causes of childhood blindness in india. in this study we applied an optimized nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nrt-pcr) to detect rv in clinical specimens. | 2007 | 17332659 |
| 1,4-benzodiazepines as inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus. the identification of a clinical candidate. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the cause of one-fifth of all lower respiratory tract infections worldwide and is increasingly being recognized as representing a serious threat to patient groups with poorly functioning or immature immune systems. racemic 1,4-benzodiazepines show potent anti-rsv activity in vitro. anti-rsv evaluation of 3-position r- and s-benzodiazepine enantiomers and subsequent optimization of this series resulted in selection of a clinical candidate. antiviral activity w ... | 2007 | 17341059 |
| reduction of the infectivity of hepatitis c virus pseudoparticles by incorporation of misfolded glycoproteins induced by glucosidase inhibitors. | folding and assembly into complexes of some viral glycoproteins are exquisitely sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (er) alpha-glucosidase inhibition, which prevents the trimming of glucose from n-linked glycans. derivatives of deoxynojirimycin (dnj) iminosugars, which are potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, were shown to have antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus, a pestivirus related to hepatitis c virus (hcv). the aim of this study was to determine whether these inhibitors wo ... | 2007 | 17374756 |
| mutagenesis of a conserved fusion peptide-like motif and membrane-proximal heptad-repeat region of hepatitis c virus glycoprotein e1. | the e1e2 glycoprotein heterodimer of hepatitis c virus mediates viral entry. e2 attaches the virus to cellular receptors; however, the function of e1 is unknown. we tested the hypothesis that e1 is a truncated class ii fusion protein. we mutated amino acids within a predicted fusion peptide (residues 276-286) and a truncated c-terminal stem-like motif, containing a membrane-proximal heptad-repeat sequence (residues 330-347). the fusion peptide mutation f285a abolished viral entry, while mutation ... | 2007 | 17374757 |
| luciferase imaging for evaluation of oncolytic adenovirus replication in vivo. | oncolytic viruses kill cancer cells by tumor-selective replication. clinical data have established the safety of the approach but also the need of improvements in potency. efficacy of oncolysis is linked to effective infection of target cells and subsequent productive replication. other variables include intratumoral barriers, access to target cells, uptake by non-target organs and immune response. each of these aspects relates to the location and degree of virus replication. unfortunately, dete ... | 2007 | 17377596 |
| [immunochemical properties of west nile virus protein prm and protein m c-end]. | complementary dna fragments (nucleotides 466-966 and 878-1088) encoding prm protein and polypeptide m31-75-e1-30 of west nile virus (wnv), strain leiv-vlg99-27889-human, were obtained and cloned. recombinant polypeptides prm and m3175-e1-30 having amino acid sequences corresponding to the cloned cdna fragments were purified by affinity chromatography. according to elisa and western blotting prm protein interacted with polyclonal antibodies against wnv. this is indicative the immunochemical simil ... | 2007 | 17380886 |
| enhanced immunogenicity of modified hepatitis b virus core particle fused with multiepitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | hepatitis b virus core (hbc) particles, self-assemble into capsid particles and are extremely immunogenic, hold promise as an immune-enhancing vaccine carrier for heterologous antigens. however, formation of virus-like particles (vlp) can be restricted by size and structure of heterlogous antigens. in the study, we investigated formation of vlp by modified hbc fused with specified foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) multiepitopes and evaluated their immune effects. firstly, three hbc display vec ... | 2007 | 17386022 |
| a cd46-binding chimpanzee adenovirus vector as a vaccine carrier. | a replication-defective chimeric vector based on the chimpanzee adenovirus serotype c1 was developed and tested as a vaccine carrier in mice. the adc1 virus is closely related to human adenoviruses of subgroup b2 and uses cd46 for cell attachment. to overcome poor growth of e1-deleted adc1 vectors on cell lines that provide the e1 of adenovirus of the human serotype 5 (adhu5) virus in trans, the inverted terminal repeats and some of the early genes of adc1 were replaced with those from adc5, a c ... | 2007 | 17228314 |
| tandem repeats of lactoferrin-derived anti-hepatitis c virus peptide enhance antiviral activity in cultured human hepatocytes. | previously, we found that bovine and human lactoferrin (lf) specifically inhibited hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in cultured non-neoplastic human hepatocyte-derived ph5ch8 cells, and we identified 33 amino acid residues (termed c-s3-33; amino acid 600-632) from human lf that were primarily responsible for the binding activity to the hcv e2 envelope protein and for the inhibiting activity against hcv infection. since the anti-hcv activity of c-s3-33 was weaker than that of human lf, we specul ... | 2007 | 17237607 |
| characterization of the cleavage of signal peptide at the c-terminus of hepatitis c virus core protein by signal peptide peptidase. | production of hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein requires the cleavages of polyprotein by signal peptidase and signal peptide peptidase (spp). cleavage of signal peptide at the c-terminus of hcv core protein by spp was characterized in this study. the spko mutant (mutate a.a. 189-193 from asayq to ppfpf) is more efficient than the a/f mutant (mutate a.a 189 and 191 from a to f) in blocking the cleavage of signal peptide by signal peptidase. the cleavage efficiency of spp is inversely proportio ... | 2007 | 17237979 |
| novel marker vaccines against classical swine fever. | classical swine fever (csf) is one of the most devastating epizootic diseases of pigs worldwide. for eradication and control purposes, csf vaccination is an important tool, and efficacious and safe attenuated vaccines have been available for many decades (for example, the c-strain vaccines). in addition to administering them parenterally, live attenuated vaccines are also administered orally for the control and eradication of csf in wild boar populations. however, antibodies against live attenua ... | 2007 | 17239502 |
| the leatl6-associated ubiquitin/proteasome system may contribute to fungal elicitor-activated defense response via the jasmonic acid-dependent signaling pathway in tomato. | the expression of leatl6, an ortholog of arabidopsis atl6 that encodes a ring-h2 finger protein, was induced in tomato roots treated with a cell wall protein fraction (cwp) elicitor of the biocontrol agent pythium oligandrum. the leatl6 protein was expressed as a fusion protein with a maltose-binding protein (mbp) in escherichia coli, and it catalyzed the transfer of ubiquitin to the mbp moiety on incubation with ubiquitin, the ubiquitin-activating enzyme e1, and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme ... | 2007 | 17249424 |
| cross-genotype characterization of genetic diversity and molecular adaptation in hepatitis c virus envelope glycoprotein genes. | investigation of the mechanisms underlying hepatitis c virus (hcv) envelope glycoprotein gene evolution will greatly assist rational development of broadly neutralizing antibody-based vaccines or vaccine components. previously, comprehensive cross-genotype evolutionary studies of e1e2 have not been possible due to the paucity of full-length envelope gene sequences representative of all major hcv genotypes (1-6) deposited in international sequence databases. to address this shortfall, a full-leng ... | 2007 | 17251563 |
| p53-expressing conditionally replicative adenovirus cnhk500-p53 against hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. | to develop a conditionally replicative gene-viral vector system called cnhk500-p53, which contains dual promoters within the e1 region, and combines the advantages of oncolytic virus and gene therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc). | 2007 | 17278190 |
| encapsulation of viral vectors for gene therapy applications. | in gene therapy, a number of viruses are currently being used as vectors to provide transient expression of therapeutic proteins. a drawback of using free virus is that it gives a potent immune response, which reduces gene transfer and limits re-administration. an alternative delivery system is to encapsulate the virus in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (plg) microspheres prior to administration. a recombinant adenovirus (ad) expressing green fluorescent protein (gfp) was used to test the transductio ... | 2007 | 17286384 |
| use of sequence analysis of the ns5b region for routine genotyping of hepatitis c virus with reference to c/e1 and 5' untranslated region sequences. | nucleotide sequence analysis of the ns5b region was performed to identify genotypes of 8,479 hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna-positive patient samples collected in the canadian province of quebec. genotypes could be determined for 97.3% of patients. genotypes 1 to 6 were found in 59.4, 9.0, 25.7, 3.6, 0.6, and 1.8% of patients, respectively. two isolates did not classify within the six genotypes. the subtype 1 distribution was 76.7% 1a, 22.6% 1b, and 0.7% others, while the subtype 2 distribution was ... | 2007 | 17287328 |
| recent epidemic of acute hepatitis c virus in hiv-positive men who have sex with men linked to high-risk sexual behaviours. | to characterize the mode of hepatitis c virus (hcv) transmission in a recent epidemic of acute hcv in hiv-infected individuals using linked molecular and clinical epidemiological studies. | 2007 | 17457092 |
| de novo parallel design, synthesis and evaluation of inhibitors against the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and drug-resistant variants. | we used molecular modeling to design de novo broad-range inhibitors against wild type and drug-resistant variants of the reverse transcriptase (rt) of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1). first, we screened for small fragments that would interact with each one of four rt structures (one wild type and three mutants). then, these fragments were linked to build a scaffold molecule. out of 27 different compounds that were synthesized, four inhibited the dna polymerase activity of rt with ic5 ... | 2007 | 17458947 |
| development of a heterologous, multigenotype vaccine against hepatitis c virus infection. | unquestionably viral diversity and genetic heterogeneity in hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection and other viral diseases play an essential role in viral immune escape and the development of chronicity. despite this knowledge most vaccine approaches against hcv have excluded this important issue. moreover the feasibility of developing an effective hcv vaccine has been questioned, mainly because prophylactic immunity against hcv cannot be achieved in chimpanzees by either vaccination or previous hcv ... | 2007 | 17461986 |
| complete protection of mice against a lethal dose challenge of western equine encephalitis virus after immunization with an adenovirus-vectored vaccine. | western equine encephalitis virus (weev) is an important pathogen for both humans and equines. the virus is also listed as a bioterrorism agent due to its ability for aerosol transmission with high mortality. no commercial vaccines or antiviral drugs are available for the prevention and treatment of weev infection in humans. in this paper, we constructed a recombinant weev vaccine, designated as ad5-weev, using a replication defective, human adenovirus serotype 5 (had5) as a delivery vector. ad5 ... | 2007 | 17467858 |
| the alphavirus 6k protein activates endogenous ionic conductances when expressed in xenopus oocytes. | the alphavirus sindbis 6k protein is involved in several functions. it contributes to the processing and membrane insertion of e1 and pe2 viral envelope glycoproteins and to virus budding. it also permeabilizes escherichia coli and mammalian cells. these viroporin-like properties have been proposed to help virus budding by modifying membrane permeabilities. we expressed sindbis virus 6k crna in xenopus oocytes to further characterize the effect of 6k on membrane conductances and permeabilization ... | 2007 | 17483865 |
| immunization with hepatitis c virus-like particles results in control of hepatitis c virus infection in chimpanzees. | recombinant hepatitis c virus (hcv)-like particles (hcv-lps) containing hcv structural proteins (core, e1, and e2) produced in insect cells resemble the putative hcv virions and are capable of inducing strong and broad humoral and cellular immune responses in mice and baboons. here, we present evidence on the immunogenicity and induction of protective immunity by hcv-lps in chimpanzees. chimpanzees (two in each group), were immunized with hcv-lps or hcv-lps plus as01b adjuvant. after immunizatio ... | 2007 | 17485666 |
| assembly of a functional hcv glycoprotein heterodimer. | the two hcv envelope glycoproteins e1 and e2 are released from hcv polyprotein by signal peptidase cleavages. these glycoproteins are type i transmembrane proteins with a highly glycosylated n-terminal ectodomain and a c-terminal hydrophobic anchor. after their synthesis, hcv glycoproteins e1 and e2 associate as a noncovalent heterodimer. the transmembrane domains of hcv envelope glycoproteins play a major role in e1e2 heterodimer assembly and subcellular localization. the envelope glycoprotein ... | 2007 | 17489436 |
| compartmentalization of hepatitis c virus (hcv) during hcv/hiv coinfection. | extrahepatic replication has important implications for the transmission and treatment of hepatitis c virus (hcv). we analyzed longitudinal hcv diversity in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) and serum during hcv monoinfection and hcv/hiv coinfection to determine whether distinct amino acid signatures characterized hcv replicating within pbmcs. analysis of e1-hvr1 sequences demonstrated higher serum genetic distances among hcv/human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-coinfected persons. moreov ... | 2007 | 17492592 |
| homologous recombination plays minor role in excision of unit-length viral genomes from head-to-tail direct tandem repeats of porcine circovirus during dna replication in escherichia coli. | in this report, we confirmed previous work that a theta-replicating bacterial plasmid containing 1.75 copies of genomic porcine circovirus (pcv) dna in head-to-tail tandem (htt) [a partial copy of pcv type 1 (pcv1), a complete copy of pcv type 2 (pcv2) and two origins of dna replication (ori)] yielded three different double-stranded dna species when transformed into escherichia coli: the input construct (u), the unit-length pcv1/pcv2 genome with a composite ori lacking the plasmid vector (q(rc)) ... | 2007 | 17497233 |
| [analysis of genomes of two rubella virus strains from the 2004-2005 outbreaks in west siberia]. | two outbreaks of rubella infections notified in the tomsk and kemerovo regions were investigated. two rubella virus strains from one patient in each outbreak were isolated and genetically characterized. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to reveal partial e1 gene sequence at a length of 915 nucleotides. analysis indicated that the rubella virus strains circulating in the west-siberian region belonged to international genetic 1g group, which had been first detected in russia ... | 2007 | 17500233 |
| [role of n-linked glycans in the functions of hepatitis c virus envelope glycoproteins]. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is an enveloped virus and encodes two envelope glycoproteins, e1 and e2. e1 and e2 are transmembrane type i proteins with a n-terminal ectodomain and c-terminal anchor. during their synthesis, e1 and e2 ectodomains are targeted in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen where they are modified by n-linked glycosylation. after their synthesis, e1 and e2 assemble as a non-covalent heterodimer. the n-linked glycosylation is based on the recognition of specific asparagine residue in ... | 2007 | 17502294 |
| cloning, expression, and functional analysis of patient-derived hepatitis c virus glycoproteins. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is a major cause of severe chronic liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. hcv has been classified into six major genotypes that exhibit extensive genetic variability, particularly in the envelope glycoproteins e1 and e2. knowledge of genotypic and quasispecies variation on viral glycoprotein properties is important in understanding the structure-function relationship of the proteins. through their perceived role as components of the viri ... | 2007 | 17502679 |
| hepatitis c virus envelope glycoprotein e2 glycans modulate entry, cd81 binding, and neutralization. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major human pathogen that causes serious liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. the primary target cells of hcv are hepatocytes, and entry is restricted by interactions of the envelope glycoproteins, e1 and e2, with cellular receptors. e1 and e2 form noncovalently linked heterodimers and are heavily glycosylated. glycans contribute to protein folding and transport as well as protein function. in addition, glycans associated with viral envelo ... | 2007 | 17507469 |
| application of molecular and serological assays to case based investigations of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. | rubella and congenital rubella syndrome continue to be important health problems worldwide. the detection of rubella rna directly in clinical specimens is a critical factor in early laboratory diagnosis of recent or congenital infection, in addition to detection of rubella-specific igm. in order to comply with recent who recommendations for establishing uniform genetic analysis protocols for rubella virus we have developed a new block based pcr assay (pcr-e317), which extends the sequence genera ... | 2007 | 17516526 |
| the neutralizing activity of anti-hepatitis c virus antibodies is modulated by specific glycans on the e2 envelope protein. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) envelope glycoproteins are highly glycosylated, with up to 5 and 11 n-linked glycans on e1 and e2, respectively. most of the glycosylation sites on hcv envelope glycoproteins are conserved, and some of the glycans associated with these proteins have been shown to play an essential role in protein folding and hcv entry. such a high level of glycosylation suggests that these glycans can limit the immunogenicity of hcv envelope proteins and restrict the binding of some antib ... | 2007 | 17522218 |
| adenoviral gene transfer in bovine adrenomedullary and murine pheochromocytoma cells: potential clinical and therapeutic relevance. | recombinant adenoviruses (rad) have been widely used as gene transfer vectors both in the laboratory and in human clinical trials. in the present study, we investigated the effects of adenoviral-mediated gene transfer in primary bovine adrenal chromaffin cells (bacc) and a murine pheochromocytoma cell line (mpc). cells were infected with one of three nonreplicating e1/e3-deleted (e1(-)/e3(-)) rad vectors: ad.gfp, expressing a green fluorescent protein (gfp); ad.null, expressing no transgene; or ... | 2007 | 17525127 |